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Lecture 1 Halfwave Rectifier

This document provides an overview of a half wave rectifier circuit. It defines a half wave rectifier as a circuit that converts alternating current (AC) input power into direct current (DC) output power by passing only one half of each sine wave cycle. The document outlines the key aspects of a half wave rectifier circuit, including its operation, equations to calculate average DC load current and voltage, RMS load current value, rectifier efficiency, and ripple factor. It concludes by stating the learning outcomes are for students to become familiar with half wave rectifiers.

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yashrajsinghtomar918
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19 views

Lecture 1 Halfwave Rectifier

This document provides an overview of a half wave rectifier circuit. It defines a half wave rectifier as a circuit that converts alternating current (AC) input power into direct current (DC) output power by passing only one half of each sine wave cycle. The document outlines the key aspects of a half wave rectifier circuit, including its operation, equations to calculate average DC load current and voltage, RMS load current value, rectifier efficiency, and ripple factor. It concludes by stating the learning outcomes are for students to become familiar with half wave rectifiers.

Uploaded by

yashrajsinghtomar918
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Program: B. Tech.

, ECE, 1st Semester, 2021


ECL0101:
Basics Electronics Engineering
Unit 2
Lecture 1
Half wave rectifier

Shailendra Singh Ojha


Assistant Professor
SOET/ECE
Outline
1.Definition
2.Half wave Rectification
3.Operation of rectifier
4.Average of D.c. load current
5.Average of D.c. load voltage
6.R.M.S value of load current
7.Rectifier Efficiency
8.Ripple Factor
Course Objective

➢To make students familiar with Half wave rectifiers


Half wave Rectifier
Half Wave Rectifier Circuit

Half wave Rectifier


➢A rectifier is a circuit which converts the Alternating Current (AC)
input power into a Direct Current (DC) output power.
➢The input power supply may be either a single-phase or a multi-phase
supply with the simplest of all the rectifier circuits being that of the Half
Wave Rectifier.
➢The power diode in a half wave rectifier circuit passes just one half of
each complete sine wave of the AC supply in order to convert it into a
DC supply.
➢Then this type of circuit is called a "half-wave" rectifier because it
passes only half of the incoming AC power supply as shown.
Half Wave Rectifier Circuit

Half wave Rectifier


e output DC voltage of a half wave rectifier can be calculated with the following two ideal equations: 1

Half wave Rectifier


➢In half wave rectification, either the positive or negative half of the AC
wave is passed, while the other half is blocked. Because only one half of
the input waveform reaches the output, it is very inefficient if used for
power transfer. Half-wave rectification can be achieved with a single diode
in a one-phase supply, or with three diodes in a three-phase supply.
Half wave Rectifier
Average or DC value
1 2
I DC =  I L d(t )
2 0

1  2 I sin t d(t ) 
=
2π  
 0 m 

=
Im
2π
[− cos t ]  0

Im 
= − cos[ ] − cos[0]
2π
=
- Im
− 1 − 1
2π
I
= m
π
Im
I DC = = avergage value
π
applying KVL we can write,
Esm
Im =
R f + RL + Rs
RL
Average or DC value
Edc = I dc Rl
Im E sm
E DC = Rl = Rl
 (R f + R l + R s )
Rl
Esm
 EDC =
R f + Rs
[ + 1]
Rl
Esm
 EDC 

RMS value
The R.M.S value means squiring finding mean & then finding squre root.
Hence R.M.S value of load current can be obtain as:
1 
I rms =  I d(t)
2

2 0 L

=
1
2
 0

I 2m sin 2t d(t) 
= I m
1
2
 0
(
 1- cos (2t)
2
)d(t)

1   sin 2t 
= Im  − 
2 2 4 0
1  
= Im [sin(2 ) = sin(0) = 0]
2 
2
Im
=
2
Im
 I rms =
2
Efficiency
PDCoutput
➢Rectifier efficiency is defined as the =
PACinput
ratio of DC power to the applied input
AC power. I 2m
➢Rectifier efficiency, η = DC output 2
RL
=
power/input AC power I 2m
( R f + Rs + RL )
4

( 4 /  2 ) RL
=
( R f + Rs + RL )

0.406
=
 R f + Rs 
1+ 
 

 RL 

 % max = 0.406  100


= 40.6%
Ripple factor
➢The output of half wave rectifier is not pure d.c but a pulsating
d.c.The output contain pulseting component called Ripples.
➢Mathematically ripple factor is defied as the ratio of R.M.S. value of
the a.c.component to the average or d.c. component.
Ripple factor
I AC
 =
I DC
I 2
−I 2
 = m DC

I DC
2
 I rms 
 = 
 I 
 −1
 DC 
Now for half wave circuit
2
 Im  
 
2 
 =   −1
 Im 

  

 2
 = −1
4
 = 1.4674
 = 1.211
Students Learning Outcomes
➢Students will be
➢Familiar with Half wave rectifier
References

T1. Boylestad & Nashelsky, “Electronics Devices and Circuit Theory”,


PHI.
T2. Thomas L. Floyd, “Electronic Devices” Prentice Hall.
T3. Malvino, L., “Electronic principles”, Tata McGraw Hill.
T4. Graham Bell, “Electronic Devices and Circuits”, PHI.
T5. Sedra and Smith, “Microelectronics circuits”, Oxford University
Press.

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