ETYMOLOGY

The word POLICE was derived from the following:

POLITEIA Greek – describe group of civil officers governing the city and not necessarily
the armed men guarding or policing the city. GOVERNMENT

POLITIA Roman – which means civil administration. To govern

POLICE French - used it those authorized people who enforce the law.

PULIS Filipino - translation of the word police and used as is, someone who enforces
the law.

SIR ROBERT PEEL -“Father of modern policing system”.

-Organized the “Metropolitan Police” through the metropolitan
police act of 1829.
-the focus of policing efforts shifted to preventive model.
-meant police are tasked to prevent crime than responding to it.
-they became known as “Bobbies”, taken after Sir Peel’s name.

PHILIPPINE POLICING EVOLUTION

Spanish Period

1. Carabineros de Seguridad Publico - from word “carbine" (short version of

Rifle). Created to carry out policies on tobacco monopoly, then more general
police functions like maintenance of peace and order. Also became the first port
or harbor police and mounted police.
2. Guardrilleros – know as “Cuadrillo”, rural police organized in each town
composed of five (5) percent of the able-bodied male inhabitants and enlisted to
serve for three (3) years.
3. Guardia Civil – crated by a Royal Decree in 1852, it partially relieved the
Spanish Peninsular Troops in policing the towns. Composed of Filipino
policemen organized in each of the provincial capitals of Central Luzon under
the Alcalde.
American Period

1. Insular Constabulary (IC) – considered as the first national police force that
later on changed to Philippine Constabulary (PC). Created by virtue of Act No.
175 otherwise known as the “An act providing for the organization and
government of an Insular Constabulary”.
2. Manila Police Department (MPD) – organized by virtue of Act No. 183 of the
Philippine Commission. CPT GEORGE CURRY was appointed as the first MPD
Chief of Police. COL ANTONIO C TORRES was the first Filipino MPD Chief of
Police.
3. Philippine Constabulary (PC) – this was the Insular Constabulary changing its
name by virtue of Act No. 255. BGEN HENRY T ALLEN was its first Chief, and
he is now referred to as “Father of the Philippine Constabulary”. Later, BGEN
RAFAEL T CRAME became the first Filipino Chief of the PC.

Japanese Period

Kenpeitai or Kempeitai – Japanese Military Police responsible in maintaining

peace and order in Manila and other urban areas. It was tasked to crush all
resistance to military re and had powers to interrogate and arrest.
Relevant Laws

Article XVI Section 6 of the Philippine Constitution -provides that the state shall establish
and maintain one police force which shall be national
in scope and civilian in character to be administered
and controlled by the NAOLCOM, the authority of
local executives over the police units in their
jurisdiction shall be provided for by law.

Employment Power of the Mayor – power of the mayor under the law to utilize/use police
power.
Employment Power of the Mayor – power of the mayor under the law to move/mobilized
police power.

RA No. 4864 “Police Act of 1966”. An act creating the Police Commission, amending
and revising the laws relative to the local Police
System and for other purposes. It created the
NAPOLCOM as the agency mandated by the 1987
Constitution and the major police reform laws, RA No.
6975 and RA No. 8551, to administer and control the
PNP. August 18, 1966

NAPOLCOM – in 1966 congress enacted RA No. 4864 known as the Police Act of 1966
to provide the foundation for the much needed police reforms in the
country.

-exercise administrative control and operational supervision over PNP.

-composed of an Ex-Officio Chairperson, four (4) regular Commissioners

and the PNP Chief as Ex-Officio member; One whom is designated by
the president as the vice-chairperson. The DILG Secretary is the Ex-
Officio Chairperson, while the Vice-Chairperson is the Executive Officer
of the Commission.

“3 from Civilian Sector and 1 from law enforcement sector which should
there is at least one woman” together with the 2 ex-officio they will be
called “commission embank” if only 5 commission proper.
Presidential Decree No. 765 “Police Integration Law”. The INP was composed of the PC
as the nucleus and the integrated police, jai, and fire forces
as components.

RA No. 6975 “DILG of 1990”. It created the Tri Bureau (PNP, BJMP, BFP) and the
PPSC. December 13,1990.

RA No.8551 “PNP Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998”. The lw follows the
declaration of the state for the establishment of a highly efficient and
competent police force which is national in scope and civilian in character
administered ad controlled by the NAOLCOM. February 25, 1998

RA No. 9708. An act extending for five (5) years the neglementary period for complying
with the minimum educational qualification or appointment of the PNP and
adjusting the promotion system thereof, amending for the purpose
pertinent provisions of RA 975 and RA 8551 and for other purposes.
August 12, 2009

RA 11200. An act providing for the rnk classification in the PNP, amending for the
purpose section 28 of RA 6975 otherwise known as the DILG Act of 1990.
February 08, 2019

RA 11549. An act lowering the minimum height requirement for applicants of the PNP,
BFP, BJMP, and BUCOR amending RA 6975, as amended RA 9263 and RA
10775. May 26, 2021
Notes!

Constable – someone/group who enforce the law.

Insular - national
MPD – first local police force
IC – first national police force
Henry T Allen – first Chief of PC. Father of PC.
After 17 years BGEN RAFAEL T CRAME first Filipino Chief of PC.
National Headquarter named after the first Filipino Chief of PC. RAFAEL CRAME
CPT GEORGE CURRY – first MPD Chief of Police.
COL ANTONIO C TORRES - first Filipino MPD Chief of Police.
 PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION AND HISTORY
1899 CONSTITUTION (The Malolos Constitution)
1935 CONSTITUTION
1943 CONSTITUTION (Constitution during the Japanese Occupation)
1973 CONSTITUTION
1986 “FREEDOM” CONSTITUTION
1987 CONSTITUTION (Present Constitution)
Preamble
Article I: National Territory
Article II: Declaration of Principles and State Policies Principles
Article III: Bill of Rights
Article IV: Citizenship
Article V: Suffrage
Article VI: Legislative Department
Article VII: Executive Department
Article VIII: Judicial Department
Article IX: Common Provision
Article X: General Provisions
Article XI: Accountability of Pubic Officers
Article XII: National Economy and Patrimony
Article XIII: Social Justice and Human Rights
Article XIV: Education, Science and Technology, Arts, Culture and Sports
Article XV: The Family
Article XVI: General Provisions
Article XVII: Amendments or Revisions
Article XVIII: Transitory Provisions
1899 Malolos Constitution –approved by President Aguinaldo.

February 11, 1987 –1987 Constitution proclaimed in force.

The Supreme Court -On February 16, 2021, it unanimously dismissed the electoral protest of
defeated vice-president candidate and former Senator Bongbong Marcos
against Vice President Leni Robredo.
Bangsamoro Organic Law –plebiscite that take place with the majority of votes deciding to ratify
Bangsamoro Organic Law paving way to creation of BRN and abolition of
the ARMM.
Universal Healthcare Law –law signed by Pres. Duterte which demands the services covered by
Philhealth and intends to include all Filipino.

July 12, 2016 –Philippines won against China on its case on the permanent court of
arbitration.

Dante Jimenez –Filipino educator and victim rights campaigner best known as the founder
of the advocacy group volunteers against crime and corruption. Died on
January 29, 2021 of an aortic aneurysm at the age of 68.

Expanded Maternity Leave Law –February 20,2019 President Duterte signed RA 11210 granting additional
leave benefits for working mother to 105 days.

May 23, 2017 –Pres. Duterte declared Martial Law in the whole island of Mindanao.

Dr. Deo Florence Onda –first Filipino reach 34,000 feet Emdem Deep.

BRP Tarlac –the Philippine Navy ship that made history by completing the countries first
ever port call in Russia.

Rodel Jayme –he was arrested by sharing “Bikoy” videos accusing Pres. Duterte and his
family of their involvement in the illegal drug trade.

Mayor Antonio Halili –Tanauan, Batangas mayor assassinated during flag raising ceremony.

Hidilyn F. Diaz –Filipina weightlifting athlete won silver medal in the Olympic.
Margielyn Didal –she won the 4th and last gold medal for the Philippines in the 2018 Asian
Games Women’s Street Skateboard event in Jakarta and Palambang,
Indonesia.

Jose Calida – the solicitor general who petitioned for the closure of ABS-CBN.

Maria Angelica Ressa –she won the Nobel Peace Prize for defending media freedom and co-
founded the Rappler.

Yuka Saso –First Gold Medal for Philippines in both women’s individual and team
event in Asian Game Gold competition.

The Supreme Court shall be composed of a Chief Justice and 14 Associate Justices.
Philippine is a democratic and republican state.

Judicial Department, it shall be vested in one Supreme Court.

Three (3) branches of the government: Executive, Legislative and Judiciary.

Presidents of Philippine
1 Emilio Aguinaldo Jan 23, 1899 – Mar 23, 1901  First (and only) president of the
First Republic (Malolos Republic).
 Signed the Pact of Biak-na-Bato,
creating a truce between the
Spanish and Philippine
revolutionaries
 Known as the President of the
Revolutionary Government
 Led the Philippines in the Spanish-
Philippine War and the American-
Philippine War
 Youngest president, taking office
at age 28
 Longest-lived president, passing
away at 94.
2 Manuel L Quezon Nov 15, 1935 – Aug 01, 1944  First Senate president elected as
President of the Philippines
 First president elected through a
national election
 First president under the
Commonwealth
 Created National Council of
Education
 Initiated women’s suffrage in the
Philippines during the
Commonwealth
 Approved Tagalog/Filipino as the
national language of the
Philippines
 Appears on the twenty-peso bill
 A province, a city, a bridge and a
university in Manila are named
after him
 His body lies within the special
monument on Quezon Memorial
Circle.
3 Jose P Laurel Oct 14,1943 – Aug 17, 1945
4 Sergio Osemea Aug 01, 1944 – May 28, 1946  Became president at 65, making
him the oldest person to hold office
 First Visayan to become president
 Joined with U.S. Gen. Douglas
McArthur in Leyte on October 20,
1944 to begin restoration of
Philippine freedom after Japanese
occupation
 Philippine National Bank was
rehabilitated and the country
joined the International Monetary
Fund during his presidency
 Bell Trade Act was approved by
the U.S. Congress during his
presidency
 Appears on the 50-peso bill

5 Manuel Roxas May 28, 1946 – April 15, 1948  Inaugurated as the first president
of the new Republic after World
War II
 Reconstruction from war damage
and life without foreign rule began
during his presidency
 Under his term, the Philippine
Rehabilitation Act and Philippine
Trade Act laws were accepted by
Congress
 Appears on the 100-peso bill

6 Elpidio Quirino Dec 30, 1946 – Mar 17, 1957  Hukbalahap guerrilla movement
active during his presidency
 Created Social Security
Commission
 Created Integrity Board to monitor
graft and corruption
 Quezon City became capital of the
Philippines in 1948

7 Ramon Magsaysay Dec 30, 1953 – Mar 17, 1957  Hukbalahap movement quelled
during his presidency
 Chairman of the Committee on
Guerrilla Affairs
 First president sworn into office
wearing Barong Tagalog during
inauguration
 Presidency referred to as the
Philippines' "Golden Years" for its
lack of corruption
 Philippines was ranked second in
Asia’s clean and well-governed
countries during his presidency
 Established National Resettlement
and Rehabilitation Administration
(NARRA) among other agrarian
reforms

8 Carlos P Garcia Mar 18, 1957 – Dec 30, 1961  Known for “Filipino First Policy,”
which favored Filipino businesses
over foreign investors
 Established the Austerity Program
focusing on Filipino trade and
commerce
 Known as the “Prince of Visayan
Poets” and the “Bard from Bohol”
 Cultural arts was revived during
his term
 First president to have his remains
buried at the Libingan ng mga
Bayani
9 Diosdado Macapagal Dec 30, 1961 – Dec 30, 1965  Established the first Land Reform
Law, allowing for the purchase of
private farmland to be distributed
in inexpensive, small lots to the
landless
 Placed the Philippine peso on the
currency exchange market
 Declared June 12, 1898 to be
Philippines’ Independence Day
 Signed the Minimum Wage Law
 Created the Philippine Veteran’s
Bank

10 Ferdinand Marcos Dec 30, 1965 – Feb 25, 1986  First president to win a second
term
 Declared Martial Law on Sept. 22,
1972
 Increased the size of Philippine
military and armed forces
 By 1980 the Philippine GNP was
four times greater than 1972
 By 1986 the Philippines was one
of the most indebted countries in
Asia
 Built more schools, roads, bridges,
hospitals, and other infrastructure
than all former presidents
combined
 Only president whose remains are
interred inside a refrigerated crypt

11 Corazon Aquino Feb 25, 1986 – Jun 30, 1992  First woman to be president of the
Philippines or any Asian country
 Restored democracy
 Abolished the 1973 Marcos
Constitution and ushered in the
new Constitution of the Philippines
 Reorganized the structure of the
executive branch of government
 Signed the Family Code of 1987, a
major civil law reform, and 1191
Local Government Code, which
reorganized the structure of the
executive branch of government
 Initiated charitable and social
activities helping the poor and the
needy
 Named “Woman of the Year” in
1986 by Time magazine
 On the new 500-peso bill together
with her husband Benigno Aquino

12 Fidel V Ramos Jun 30, 1998 – Jun 39, 1998  Oversaw Philippine economic
growth
 Presided over celebrations of
Philippine Independence
Centennial in 1998
 Received British Knighthood from
the United Kingdom by Queen
Elizabeth II (Knight Grand Cross of
the Order of St. Michael and St.
George)
 Hosted the fourth Asia Pacific
Economic Cooperation Leader's
Summit in the Philippines in 1996
 Philippine Stock Exchange
became an international favorite
during his presidency
 Death penalty reinstated while he
was in office
 Signed peace agreement with the
rebel Moro National Liberation
 Fron

13 Joseph Estrada Jun 30, 1998 – Jan 20, 2001  During his presidency Moro
Islamic Liberation Front
headquarters and camps were
captured
 Joined other leaders and
politicians to try to amend the 1987
Constitution
 Cited as one of the Three
Outstanding Senators in 1989
 Among the “Magnificent 12” who
voted to terminate the agreement
that allows for U.S. control of Clark
Airbase and Subic Naval Base

14 Gloria Macapagal Arroyo Jan 20, 2001 – Jun 30, 2010  Second female president of the
country
 First and only female vice-
president of the Philippines so far
 First president to take oath outside
Luzon
 Former Economics professor at
the Ateneo de Manila University,
where current president Benigno
Aquino III was one of her students
 Ex-classmate of former U.S.
President Bill Clinton at
Georgetown University’s Walsh
School of Foreign Service, where
she maintained Dean’s list status
 Oversaw higher economic growth
than the past three presidents
before her
 Peso became the best-performing
currency of the year in Asia in
2007
 eVAT Law was implemented under
her term
 Currently on the 200-peso bill

15 Benigno Aquino III Jun 30, 2010 – Jun 30, 2016  Created the no "wang-wang"
(street siren) policy
 Appointed statesman Jesse
Robredo to serve as secretary of
Interior and Local Government in
2010, where Robredo served until
his death in 2012
 Initiated K-12 education in the
Philippines
 Renamed the Office of the Press
Secretary to Presidential
Communications Operations Office
and appointed new officers
 Suspended allowances and
bonuses to Government Owed and
Controlled Corporation and
Government Financial Institution
board member

16 Rodrigo Duterte Jun 30, 2016 – Jun 30, 2022

17 Ferdinand Bongbong Marcos Jun 30, 2022 - Present

PNP Badge Symbolism

Philippine Monkey Eating Eagle The National Bird - symbol of swiftness and ferocity, power, courage and
immortality.

PNP Shield - Symbol of protection of all citizens.

Three Stars - Stands for Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao which constitute the Republic's Territorial Integrity
over which the PNP must enforce the law and maintain peace and order with
professionalism, zeal and dedication in keeping with the highest ideals and traditions of
service to God, Country and People.

Eight Sun Rays - Represents the eight (8) provinces whose ideals of courage, gallantry patriotism led to
their revolt against Spain. (Manila, Cavite, Bulacan, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, Laguna, Tarlac,
and Batangas)

Lapu-Lapu - Symbolizes the bravery of the Philippine National Police.

Service, Honor, Justice - Service is the vibrant and cogent deeds and actions in response to the needs and
wants of the people in distress: Honor could be the overriding criterion and consideration in
the performance of their entrusted task or mission: and Justice dispensed to everyone
whatever is due to him without favoritism or discrimination of any sort.

Laurel Leaves - Symbolizes the competency, brilliance and honor in the field of endeavor expected from
each and every member of the PNP.

Philippine National Police - Identity of Solidarity.

PNP Seal Symbolism

Lapu-Lapu Hero - The great Filipino hero of Mactan, the prototype of the best and most noble in Filipino
manhood who is the symbol and embodiment of all the genuine attributes of leadership,
courage, nationalism, self-reliance and a people-based and people powered community
defense. The benevolent and heroic warrior who derived added strength from a
cohesive, determined and loyal people is today a fitting symbol and a prototype as well
of people power to preserve our values, customs, traditions, way of life and the rule of
law thru a solidly community-based police system. Lapu-Lapu also personifies for us
today civilian constitutional authority.

Laurel - Green Laurel with 14 leaves, symbolizes the 14 Regional Commands. It is also a symbol of the
honor, dignity and the privilege of being a member of a noble organization where the call
to public service is par excellence a commitment to public trust.
Shield - The symbol of the Philippine Constabulary, the first National Police by virtue of Organic Act No.
175, enacted by the Philippine Commission on 18 July 1901. The Philippine
Constabulary for the close to 90 years of service to the nation has performed with honor,
professionalism and courage. The PC has carved out a large part of the glorious pages
of Philippine history, as attested by its proudly and deservedly garnering 86 of the 92
"Medals of Valor" the highest honor that a grateful Filipino nation can bestow on its
gallant sons in the service of the Republic. Most appropriately, therefore, the Philippine
Constabulary became the nucleus of the Integrated National Police in 1975 to nurture
the then embryonic concept of the nationalization of the country's local police forces.

Three Stars - Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao and the 1,700 islands and the territorial integrity wherein the
National Police must enforce the law and maintain peace and order with
professionalism, zeal and dedication in keeping with the highest ideals and traditions of
service to our country and people.

Service • Honor • Justice - Added distinct ideals for the officers, men and women of the PNP to insure
efficiency, integrity, cohesiveness, camaraderie and equanimity to enhance community
acceptance and support to attain its mission of peace keeping and law enforcement.

Sun - Symbolize the flowering, maturing and ultimate realization of the glorious evolution of the PC/INP into
a National Police Organization - "national in scope and civilian in character" - as
enshrined in the 1986 Constitution. The Traditional light rays which represents the fight
ingest provinces whose ideals of courage and patriotism the members of the National
Police must possess.