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8.1 Worksheet (Answer Key)

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3K views5 pages

8.1 Worksheet (Answer Key)

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Black arab Galadima
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© © All Rights Reserved
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8 Chemical Reactions

ENCOUNTER THE PHENOMENON


Write the Encounter the Phenomenon question for this module.

What happens to food when you cook it?

Use the “What I Know” column to list the things you know about the Encounter the Phenomenon
question. Then list the questions you have about the Encounter the Phenomenon question in the
“What I Want to Find Out” column. As you read the module, fill in the “What I Learned” column.

K W L
What I Know What I Want to Find Out What I Learned
Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

Science Notebook • Chemical Reactions


131
Chemical Reactions
1 Reactions and Equations
REVIEW Recall the definition of the Review Vocabulary term.
VOCABULARY
chemical change a process involving one or more substances
chemical change
changing into a new substance

NEW VOCABULARY Define each New Vocabulary term.


chemical reaction
chemical reaction a rearrangement of the atoms in one or more
reactant
substances to form different substances
product
chemical equation reactant the starting substance(s) of a chemical reaction

coefficient

product the substance(s) formed during a chemical reaction

chemical equation a statement that uses chemical formulas to show

the identities and relative amounts of the substances involved in a

chemical reaction

coefficient number written in front of a reactant or product that is used

to balance chemical equations

ACADEMIC Define the following term.

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education


VOCABULARY
formula an expression using chemical symbols to represent a
formula
substance

Science Notebook • Chemical Reactions


132
1 Reactions and Equations (continued)
Identify three examples of chemical reactions you have seen, heard,
or smelled in the last 24 hours. Think about activities at home, at
school, or outside. Include any evidence you had that a chemical
reaction was occurring. Accept all reasonable responses.

Reaction Evidence
1. cooking a steak odor, temperature

2. running a lawn mower sound, exhaust

3. metal corrosion rust

Organize types of equations that can express a chemical reaction. In


the second column, list the elements (words, coefficients, etc.) that
are used to create each equation. In the third column, rank each
equation from 1 to 3, giving a 3 to the equation that provides the most
information, and a 1 to the equation that provides the least
information.

Type Elements Ranking


Word equations words 1
chemical formulas,
Chemical equations 3
atoms, and coefficients
Skeleton equations chemical formulas 2

Label the chemical state each symbol below identifies in a chemical


equation

(s) solid state


Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

(g) gaseous state

(aq) water solution

(l) liquid state

Get It? Compare What information do skeleton equations provide


that word equations lack?

Skeleton equations use chemical formulas to identify the reactants and

the products. Word equations only use words.

Science Notebook • Chemical Reactions


133
1 Reactions and Equations (continued)
Solve Read Example Problem 1 in your text.

YOU TRY IT
Problem
 alance the chemical equation for the reaction in which fluorine
B
reacts with water to produce hydrofluoric acid and oxygen.
1. Analyze the Problem

Known: reactants = F2, H2O; products = HF, O2

Unknown: Number of atoms needed to balance the equation


2. Solve for the Unknown
Use the space below to write the skeleton equation:
F2 + H2O → HF + O2
Count the atoms of each element in the reactants.
2 F, 2 H, 1 O

Count the atoms of each element in the products.


1 F, 1 H, 2 O

Insert the coefficient 2 in front of H2O to balance the


oxygen atoms.
Insert the coefficient 4 in front of HF to balance the
hydrogen atoms .
Insert the coefficient 2 in front of F2 to balance the
fluorine atoms .
Write the equation after adding the coefficients.
2F2 + 2H2O → 4HF + O2

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education


Check that the coefficients are at their lowest possible ratio.
The ratio of the coefficients is 2:2:4:1 .
Write the number of atoms in the balanced equation below:
Reactants: 4 F, 4 H, 2 O
Products: 4 F, 4 H, 2 O
3. Evaluate the Answer
The number of atoms of each element is equal on both
sides of the equation. The coefficients are written to the
lowest possible ratio.

Science Notebook • Chemical Reactions


134
1 Reactions and Equations (continued)
CHECK YOUR PROGRESS
7. Explain why it is important that a chemical equation be balanced in terms of
the fact that atoms are conserved.

Because mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions, the numbers of atoms of all

elements must be equal on both sides of the reaction arrow.

8. Listthree types of physical evidence that indicate a chemical reaction has


occurred.

Answers might include release or absorption of energy, change in color, change in odor, formation

of a gas, or formation of a solid.

9. Compare and contrasta skeleton equation and a chemical equation.

The skeleton equation includes the formulas of reactants and products. The chemical equation

gives the relative amounts of reactants and products.

10. Explain why it is important to reduce coefficients in a balanced equation to the


lowest-possible whole-number ratio.

Coefficients in the lowest ratio most clearly indicate the relative amounts of substances in a

reaction.

11. Analyze When balancing a chemical equation, can you adjust the subscript in
a formula? Explain.

No. Doing so changes the identity of the substance.


Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

12. Assess Is the following equation balanced? If not, correct the coefficients to
balance the equation.

2K2CrO4(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) → 2KNO3(aq) + PbCrO4(s)

No. The correct equation is K2CrO4(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) → 2KNO3(aq) + PbCrO4(s).

13. Evaluate Aqueous phosphoric acid and aqueous calcium hydroxide react to form
solid calcium phosphate and water. Write a balanced chemical equation for this
reaction.

2H3PO4(aq) + 3Ca(OH)2(aq) → Ca3(PO4)2(s) + 6H2O(aq)

Science Notebook • Chemical Reactions


135

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