Cable

What is Cable ?

A cable is most often two or

more wires running side by side
and bonded, twisted, or
braided together to form a
single assembly.
Types of Cable

1. Single core Cable

2. 2 core Cable
3. 3 Core Cable
4. 3.5 core Cable
5. 4 Core Cable
6. Armoured Cable
7. Unarmoured Cable
Single Core Cables
A single core cable consists of stranded conductors
twisted together and housed in a PVC covering. It
comes as a 6 mm sq. single core, colour coded
green and yellow, and is used for supplementary
earth bonding.
2 Core Cable
 In 2 Core cable, one conductor acts
as a face and another acts as
natural conductors, both the
conductors have equal cross
sectional area.
It is used in telephone service and
to connect computer devices
3 Core Cable

 In 3 Core cable all the conductors have

equal cross sectional area. 3 strands carry
R,Y & B phase respectively
 It is used as a Neutral wire.
3.5 Core Cable
 3 conductors are having the same cross
sectional area & are used for 3 different
phase.
 Therefore this conductor is treated as
half conductor and hence the name is 3.5
core cable.
 It is used to carry the Neutral Current.
4 Core Cable
 In case of unbalanced load some neutral
current exists. Therefore in some cases 4
core cable is proffered.
 It is used for lighting, load distribution &
applications where unbalanced loading
conditions occur frequently.
Armoured Cables

 It consists of one or two layers of

galvanized steel wire or steel tap.
 It is used protection against mechanical
injury.
Unarmoured Cables
 Constructions of unarmoured cables are
same as that armoured cables expect that
Unarmoured cables are not provided with
armouring.
 Unarmoured cables also consists of all
parts such as insulation metallic sheath,
bedding & serving.
 THHN/THWN PVC Insulated/Nylon
Jacketed 600 VHeat, Moisture, Oil, and
Gasoline Resistant
 THHN/THWN building wires are used for general
purpose applications such as supplying power and lighting
in residential and commercial buildings. These cables can
be installed in ducts, conduits and raceways, and in wet
and dry locations.
 THHN/THWN building wires have good resistant
property against Oils, Gasoline, Water, Acids, Ozone,
Sunlight and Abrasion.
 Particularly thin and robust cable for improved conduit fill
Insulation
 Color coded polyvinyl chloride (PVC), heat,
moisture and flame retardant compound with
temperature rating 105 ˚C
Jacket
 Polyamide Nylon jacket is provided to protect PVC
insulation against abrasions and scratches while
pulling through conduits also it has good resistant
against oil, gasoline and chemicals
.
Telecommunication Indoor
Telephone Cables J-YY ** X 2 X 0.5 P
with Solid Copper Conductor, PVC
Insulated and PVC Sheathed
 Used for indoor installation and
interconnection of transmission, telephone,
telegraph and electronic equipment.
 They are suitable for leading underground
cables o main distribution frames and joins
from main distribution box to subscribers.
Also it is used in local telephone networks
as well as in private communication
system.
Data / CAT 6 UTP - 4Px 23 AWG
Cables

 with Solid Copper Conductor,

Polyethylene Insulated and PVC
Jacketed
Coaxial and Signal Cables Type RG6/U
with Solid Copper Clad Steel Conductor, Foam
Polyethylene Insulated, Braid Shielded and
PVC Jacketed
 Suitable for all areas required high
frequency transmission technology
applications as:
 • Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS).
 • Analog, Digital and Hybrid Cable TV
Systems
 • FM Broadcast
 • TV antenna cabling MATV, CATV and
SATV
Photovoltaic Solar Cables 1.0/1.0 kV AC –
1.5 kV DC
Flexible Tinned Copper Conductor, HFFR
Insulation and HFFR Outer Sheath
H1Z2Z2-K

 Used for connecting photovoltaic systems

such as solar panel arrays as well as being
suitable for internal and external fixed
installations or systems using conduit, but
not in direct burial applications.
Voltage drop
Aluminium vs Copper Cables – What’s the
Difference

Cost-Effectiveness:
 In terms of cost-effectiveness, aluminum cables tend to
be cheaper than copper cables due to their lower
manufacturing costs.
 However, the overall cost depends on the application as
well as the environmental conditions – for instance.
 If the cable needs to withstand extreme temperatures or
corrosive environments, then the copper will usually be a
better choice as it is more durable than aluminum.
Performance:

 As far as performance goes, both types of

cables can perform equally well in most
applications.
 The only difference between them is that
aluminum tends to heat up faster than copper
when exposed to an electric current for long
periods of time.
 This means that aluminum cables need
additional insulation compared to copper ones in
order to prevent overheating and potential fire
hazards.
The advantages of Cu cables over
aluminum cables
1. Low resistivity
 The resistivity of aluminum core cable is about
1.68 times higher than that of copper core cable.
2. Good ductility
 The ductility of copper alloy is 20-40%, the
ductility of electrical copper is more than 30%,
while the ductility of aluminum alloy is only 18%.
3. High strength
 As for allowable stress at room temperature,
copper is 7~28% higher than aluminum. Especially
the stress at high temperature, the difference
between the two is even greater.
 4. Anti-fatigue
 Aluminum is easy to crack after repeated bending, while
copper is not easy. In terms of flexibility targets, copper is
also about 1.7 to 1.8 times higher than aluminum.

 5. Good stability and corrosion resistance
 The copper core is resistant to oxidation and corrosion,
while the aluminum core is simply oxidized and corroded.

 6. Large current carrying capacity
 Because of the low resistivity, the Cu cable of the same
cross-section is about 30% higher than the allowable
current carrying capacity (the maximum current that can
pass through) of the aluminum core cable.


 7. Low voltage loss
 Because the resistivity of the copper core cable is low, the same current
flows in the same section. The voltage drop of the copper core cable is small.
The same transmission interval can ensure higher voltage quality; under the
agreed voltage drop condition, the copper core cable transmission power
reaches a longer interval, that is, the power supply coverage area is large,
which is conducive to network planning and reduces the number of power
supply points.

 8. Low heating temperature
 Under the same current, the copper core cable with the same cross-section
has much smaller heat than the aluminum core cable, which makes the
operation safer.

 9. Low energy consumption
 Because of the low electrical resistivity of copper, it is clear that copper
cables have low power loss compared to aluminum cables. This is conducive to
improving the utilization rate of power generation and protecting the
environment.

 10. Anti-oxidation and corrosion resistance
 The performance of the connector of the copper core cable is stable, and
there will be no accidents due to oxidation. The unstable joints of aluminum
core cables often lead to increased contact resistance due to oxidation and
heat generation, leading to accidents.
 The advantages of aluminum cables over Cu cables
 1. The price of aluminum cables is cheap
 Copper rods are more than 3 times the price of aluminum rods, and the
proportion of copper is 3.3 times that of aluminum. Therefore, aluminum core
cables are much cheaper than copper core cables and are suitable for low-cost
projects or temporary electricity use.

 2. The cable is very light
 The weight of the aluminum core cable is 40% of the copper core cable, and
the construction and transportation costs are low.

 3. Anti-oxidation
 Aluminum quickly reacts with oxygen in the air to form an oxide film, which
can prevent further oxidation. Therefore, aluminum wire is a necessary material
for high-voltage, large-section, and large-span overhead power transmission.

 The use of copper core cables for power supply underground has the
characteristics of low accident rate, corrosion resistance, high reliability, and
convenient construction and maintenance. This is also the reason why Cu cables
are mainly used in underground power supply.
 PVC-Insulated Cables

PVC-Insulated Cables are widely used and have a
long term permissible operational temperature of
up to 70°C.
 These cables have perfect bending properties for
easy installation and maintenance, which makes
them a popular choice for indoor and outdoor
uses for voltage requirements of 1kV and below.
 Should there be a requirement for ground
emplacement, the armoured cable is preferred for
higher electrical and mechanical protection.
XLPE-Insulated Cables


XLPE (Cross-linked polyethylene) is an excellent insulation
material that has several advantages over conventional
thermoplastic insulating material.
 Some advantages included zero halogen & permissible
operational temperature up to 90°C, allowing the cables to
with stand a greater current rating compared with PVC cables.
 The variance gets wider as the conductor size increases, which
is also the reason XLPE insulated cables are widely chosen
where bigger cables are required for main power supply.
On the other hand, XLPE insulated cables are less flexible
compared with PVC cables, hence making it a less favourable
choice for smaller conductor size cables where the current
rating advantage is less significant.
MV cable