Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent

to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

Principles
and Methods
of Teaching
Vernie Glojun T. Lasmarias, LPT

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
REVIEW

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

What will a school do to localize

curriculum?
I. Contextualize curriculum
II. Indigenize curriculum
III. Update curriculum

A. I only
B. II and III
C. I and III
D. I, II, and III

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

K to 12 Curriculum

- Learner-centered - Contextualized and

- Inclusive global
- Developmentally - Constructivist
appropriate - Inquiry-based and
- Responsive and relevant reflective
- Research-based - Collaborative
- Culture-sensitive - Integrative
- Contextualized and - Spiral progression
global - MTB-MLE based

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

K to 12 Curriculum

- Learner-centered
- Learner as the primary
consideration
- Based on learners’ needs
and interests & MI
- progressivism,
pragmatism,
social reconstructionism,
Photo credit:
https://www.usaid.gov/results-data/success-stories/ existentialism
young-learners-philippines-discover-joy-reading

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

K to 12 Curriculum

- Inclusive

Everyone feels he/she belongs.

Photo credit:
https://www.savethechildren.org.ph/our-work/our-stories/story/watch-children-with-di
sability-are-just-like-any-other-child/

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

K to 12 Curriculum

- Developmentally appropriate

- Within student’s
developmental level

- learnability,
appropriateness
Photo credit:
https://newsbytes.ph/2015/12/16/free-e-learnin
g-platform-is-transforming-schooling-in-ph/

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

What is the most appropriate for middle

childhood mathematics learners?

A. Compete speed in number solution

B. Use story problem in mathematics
C. Drills student in computing mathematics
D. Discuss mathematics ideas

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

K to 12 Curriculum

- Responsive and relevant

- meaningful

- connected to daily
experiences
Photo credit:
https://www.edc.org/new-approach-literacy-ph
ilippines

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

K to 12 Curriculum

- Culture-sensitive

- cultural relativity

- NOT ethnocentric
- NOT xenocentric
Photo credit:
https://www.childhoodexplorer.org/relevant-le
arning-for-indigenous-filipinos

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

K to 12 Curriculum

- Contextualized and global

Example AP:
From Self, to Family,
to local community,
to province,
https://www.unicef.org/philippines/stories/prov
to country,
iding-youth-second-chance-complete-their-edu
cation-amid-covid-19
to international community

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

46. School curricula reflects the world’s

economic and political integration and
industrialization. What does this point in
curriculum development?

C. The trend toward globalization and

localization.

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

K to 12 Curriculum

- Constructivist
-building upon prior
knowledge

-NOT tabula rasa

-NOT empty vessel
https://opinionmashup.wordpress.com/2015/06
/14/the-challenges-of-basic-education-dealing-
with-k-12/ -NOT empty receptacles

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

Which concept/s of a learner will a

constructivist NOT accept?
I. “Tabula rasa”
II. “Empty Vessel
III. Candle to be lighted

A. I only C. III only

B. II only D. I and II
Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org
 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

K to 12 Curriculum

- Inquiry-based and reflective

-elicit student-generated
questions

-John Dewey
-Self-Assessment
https://www.doe.gov.ph/press-releases/prepari
ng-students-towards-gender-sensitive-energy-s
ector

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

K to 12 Curriculum

- Collaborative
-two: dyad
-triad: three
-tetrad: four
-team teaching
https://www.thai-german-cooperation.info/en_
-less competitive
US/thai-and-philippines/
-NOT teacher-centered

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

K to 12 Curriculum

- Spiral progression approach

-increasing complexity
-widening & broadening of
subjects
- increasing depth

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/When-t
he-Spiral-is-Broken%3A-Problem-Analysis-in-
the-Orale-Uy/109b9165cf81f8172e62c29f7da7
5d968e42d73d

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

K to 12 Curriculum

- MTB - MLE-based
-mother-tongue of the
learners
-known to unknown
-K to Grade 3 medium of
instruction
http://mothertongue-based.blogspot.com/2020/
02/making-mother-tongue-big-books-through_
10.html
-12 MTB-MLE in 2012
-Subject & MoI
Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org
 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

K to 12 Curriculum
TEACHING APPROACHES

- Learner-centered - Contextualized and

- Inclusive global
- Developmentally - Constructivist
appropriate - Inquiry-based and
- Responsive and relevant reflective
- Research-based - Collaborative
- Culture-sensitive - Integrative
- Contextualized and - Spiral progression
global - MTB-MLE based
Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org
 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

APPROACH METHOD
-based on theories, -systematic series of
principles, or actions; structured
models procedure

TECHNIQUE STRATEGY
-style or manner; -wisdom to choose
actual handling in approaches, methods
the classroom and techniques

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

To ensure lesson will go smoothly,

Teacher Melvin listed down the steps
he will undertake together with those of
the students. This practice relates to?

A. Teaching approach
B. Teaching strategy
C. Teaching method
D. Teaching technique

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

“What approach is being

used to develop/train/educate
new teachers?”

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

PPST

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

Outcomes-Based Education

-a student-centered approach to education

that focuses on the intended learning
outcomes resulting from instruction
(Nicholson, 2011).

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

Outcomes-Based Education
Four Basic Principles:
1. Clarity of focus
- begin with the end in mind
1. Designing down
-identify outcomes then design instruction
1. High expectations
-high standards encourage deep engagement
1. Expanded opportunities
-not all learners learn the same way
Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org
Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

Is K to 12 OBE?

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

What is the basis for the selection and

use of instructional materials?

A. Alignment with intended outcomes

B. SMART
C. Varied
D. In three domains

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

In the Outcomes-Based instruction, the

key point is the student’s __________.

A. assesses his/her own learning

B. master lesson or unit content
C. ability to pass written and
performance tasks
D. ability to demonstrate learning

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

(DRILLS)

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

What teaching approach of the K to 12 is this?

You believe that students learn by

building upon their prior knowledge

Constructivist Inclusive

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

What teaching approach of the K to 12 is this?

The tasks required of students are

within their developmental stages

Culture- Developmentally
senstitive appropriate

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

What teaching approach of the K to 12 is this?

The learner as the primary

consideration

Research- Learner-
based centered

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

What teaching approach of the K to 12 is this?

You are mindful of the diversity of

cultures in your classroom

Culture-
Collaborative
senstive

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

What teaching approach of the K to 12 is this?

Teaching involves students or teachers

and students working together

Culture-
Collaborative
sensitive

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

What teaching approach of the K to 12 is this?

This eliminates the problem on language

barrier in early grades

Integrative MTB-MLE based

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

What teaching approach of the K to 12 is this?

Traditionally separate subjects are

brought together

Integrative MTB-MLE based

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

What teaching approach of the K to 12 is this?

The core of the learning process is to

elicit student-generated questions

Contextualized
Inquiry-based
& global

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

What teaching approach of the K to 12 is this?

Exerting effort to extend learning

beyond the classroom into relevant
contexts in the real world

Contextualized
Inquiry-based
& global

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

What teaching approach of the K to 12 is this?

No student is excluded from the circle of

learners

Responsive Inclusive

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

What teaching approach of the K to 12 is this?

Relate or connect your lesson to the

students’ daily experiences

Responsive Inclusive

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

What basic principle of OBE?

identify outcomes then design

instruction

Designing High
down expectations

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

What basic principle of OBE?

not all learners learn in the same way

Expanded
Clarity of focus
opportunities
Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org
 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

What basic principle of OBE?

Begin with the end in mind

Expanded
Clarity of focus
opportunities
Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org
 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

What basic principle of OBE?

Set challenging standards to encourage

students to engage deeply in what they
are learning

Designing High
down expectations

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

INSTRUCTIONAL PLANNING &

DEVELOPMENT

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

DAILY LESSON CATEGORIES

(1) development
(2) review
(3) drill
(4) application
(5) supervised study
(6) test or examination
(7) appreciation lesson
Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org
 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

One in which something

new is presented or
developed.

Development
Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org
 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

“The developmental procedure is used

when the learners go through the
steps of the learning process in order
to attain some understanding,
interpretation, generalization or
solution.”
-Thomas M. Risk

Development
Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org
 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

Aims to renew study of the

same subject or to recall
what has been taken up in
the past.

Review
Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org
 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

Types of Review Lesson

- Daily apperceptive 3-5 minutes prelesson

- Problem recall of facts through problem solving

- Cooperative teacher & student give and take
- Summary lecture on previous lesson highlights
- Cumulative sum total of previous activities
Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org
 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

For automatization of certain

facts, habits, or skills.
For mastery.

Drill
Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org
 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

Gives the child a chance to

express or apply what has
been learned.

Application
Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org
 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

The pupil studies his

lessons under the
guidance of the teacher.

Supervised Study
Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org
 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

Designed to lead the class

to understand, enjoy
something and make proper
choices.

Appreciation
Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org
Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

The Lesson Plan

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

PARTS OF A LESSON PLAN

O -Objectives

S -Subject Matter
L -Learning Procedure
E -Evaluation
A -Assignment
Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org
 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

ELEMENTS OF A LESSON PLAN

(Dr. Madeline Hunter)

- Anticipatory Set - motivation/review

- Purpose - objectives
- Input - skills and concepts
- Modeling - teacher’s demo
- Guided Practice - “tayo”
- Checking for Understanding - formative
- Independent Practice - own
- Closure - review/wrap up

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

What is the framework for assigning

students to create their own journals in
the internet using a free domain?

A. Independent practice
B. Consolidation
C. Review
D. Modeling

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

ELEMENTS OF A LESSON PLAN

DIRECT or INDIRECT
(Dr. Madeline Hunter)

- Anticipatory Set - motivation/review

- Purpose - objectives
- Input - skills and concepts
- Modeling - teacher’s demo
- Guided Practice - “tayo”
- Checking for Understanding - formative
- Independent Practice - own
- Closure - review/wrap up

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

4As of Facilitating Learning

(Malcolm Knowles)

A - Activity - concrete ideas

A - Analysis - specific ideas

A - Abstraction - general ideas

A - Application - practical ideas

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

In 4As of facilitating learning,

ABSTRACTION means:

A. concrete ideas
B. general ideas
C. practical ideas
D. specific ideas

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

(DRILLS)

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

What teaching approach of the K to 12 is this?

You believe that students learn by

building upon their prior knowledge

Constructivist Inclusive

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

What teaching approach of the K to 12 is this?

The tasks required of students are

within their developmental stages

Culture- Developmentally
senstitive appropriate

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

What teaching approach of the K to 12 is this?

The learner as the primary

consideration

Research- Learner-
based centered

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

What teaching approach of the K to 12 is this?

You are mindful of the diversity of

cultures in your classroom

Culture-
Collaborative
senstive

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

What teaching approach of the K to 12 is this?

Teaching involves students or teachers

and students working together

Culture-
Collaborative
sensitive

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

What teaching approach of the K to 12 is this?

This eliminates the problem on language

barrier in early grades

Integrative MTB-MLE based

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

What teaching approach of the K to 12 is this?

Traditionally separate subjects are

brought together

Integrative MTB-MLE based

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

What teaching approach of the K to 12 is this?

The core of the learning process is to

elicit student-generated questions

Contextualized
Inquiry-based
& global

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

What teaching approach of the K to 12 is this?

Exerting effort to extend learning

beyond the classroom into relevant
contexts in the real world

Contextualized
Inquiry-based
& global

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

What teaching approach of the K to 12 is this?

No student is excluded from the circle of

learners

Responsive Inclusive

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

What teaching approach of the K to 12 is this?

Relate or connect your lesson to the

students’ daily experiences

Responsive Inclusive

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

What basic principle of OBE?

identify outcomes then design

instruction

Designing High
down expectations

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

What basic principle of OBE?

not all learners learn in the same way

Expanded
Clarity of focus
opportunities
Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org
 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

What basic principle of OBE?

Begin with the end in mind

Expanded
Clarity of focus
opportunities
Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org
 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

What basic principle of OBE?

Set challenging standards to encourage

students to engage deeply in what they
are learning

Designing High
down expectations

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

What element of a lesson plan?

Assessing students’ progress and gaps in

learning

Independent Checking for

practice understanding
Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org
 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

What element of a lesson plan?

Opportunity to do learning tasks on

their own

Independent Checking for

practice understanding
Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org
 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

What element of a lesson plan?

Includes motivation activities and

review

Anticipatory
Purpose
set
Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org
 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

What element of a lesson plan?

An explanation of the importance of this

lesson

Anticipatory
Purpose
set
Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org
 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

What element of a lesson plan?

A statement concerning what students

will be able to do after the lesson

Anticipatory
Purpose
set
Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org
 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

What element of a lesson plan?

Teacher works with the students on the

necessary steps to perform the skill

Guided
Modeling
Practice
Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org
 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

What element of a lesson plan?

A review or wrap-up of the lesson

Input Closure

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

What element of a lesson plan?

Concepts to be learned

Input Closure

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

The Objectives

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

SMART Objectives
S - Specific

M - Measurable

A - Attainable

R - Realistic

T - Time-bounded
Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org
 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

Here is an expected lesson outcome: “At

the end of the lesson, all learners must
develop a positive attitude towards work.”
Is this a SMART lesson outcome?

A. Partly, since this belongs to the affective

domain
B. Yes, since it is a behavioral objective
C. No, since it is not specific and
measurable
D. Yes, since it is results oriented.

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

Objective Specifications

C - Cognitive
HEAD to nurture the MIND in order to KNOW

A - Affective
HEART to nurture the SPIRIT in order to LOVE

P - Psychomotor
BODY to move the limbs in order to SERVE

Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org

 Committed to World-wide Brand leadership that is Relevant and Consistent
to knowledge Development for Life long Learning!

Which of the following exemplifies

making lesson relevant to life of
students along the 3 domains of the
cognitive, affective, and psychomotor
skills?

A. lesson with pre-test and post-test

B. clear and logical idea connections
C. lesson taught with teacher peers
D. lesson with real-person, real events
connection
Carl E. Balita www.carlbalita.org
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Cognitive
Taxonomy of Learning Domain
Domains

Bloom’s Revised (Anderson)

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Cognitive
Taxonomy of Learning Domain
Domains

JUDGING THE WORTH

PUTTING TOGETHER
BREAKING DOWN
USING THE CONCEPT
UNDERSTANDING
RECALLING
Bloom’s KC ApAnSE
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Cognitive
Taxonomy of Learning Domain
Domains

FORMULATING
JUDGING THE WORTH
BREAKING DOWN
USING THE CONCEPT
UNDERSTANDING
RECALLING

REVISED RU ApAnEC
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You are required to formulate your own

philosophy of education in the course
teaching profession, based on Bloom’s
revised taxonomy, in which level
cognitive structure or processing are
you?

A. Applying
B. Analyzing
C. Creating
D. Evaluating
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In which part of the lesson does the

learner give a synthesis of the things
learned?
A. Application
B. Motivation
C. Evaluation
D. Generalization

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Based on Bloom’s taxonomy, this

activity is suitable to contribute to
comprehension and learning but NOT
to include ___________.
A. causal relationship
B. outline
C. analogy
D. text reading

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Cognitive
Taxonomy of Learning Domain
Domains

Self System
IMPORTANCE OF KNOWLEDGE

MONITORING CLARITY Metacognitive System

USING THE CONCEPT Knowledge Utilization
BREAKING DOWN Analysis
UNDERSTANDING Comprehension
RECALLING Retrieval
KENDALL & MARZANO ReCA K. MeS
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The students were expected to be able to

develop a lesson plan following
Outcomes-Based Education (OBE)
principles. Based on Kendall’s and
Marzano’s taxonomy, in which level is
the intended learning outcome?

A. Retrieval
B. Metacognitive system
C. Analysis
D. Knowledge Utilization
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What does the learner ask at the

self-system level processing?

A. What has this lesson to do with me?

B. Why did I not learn this the first
time?
C. How should I do this to be sure of
results?
D. What is the best way to arrive at
solution?

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AffectiveDomains
Taxonomy of Learning Domain

Krathwol’s ReResVOC
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Psychomotor
Taxonomy of Learning Domain
Domains
ORIGINATION
ADAPTATION
COMPLEX OVERT RESPONSE
MECHANISM
GUIDED RESPONSE
SET
PERCEPTION

Simpson’s PSG MCAO

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(DRILLS)

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What is the sequence?

Bloom’s taxonomy
KCApAnSE

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What is the sequence?

Revised Bloom’s taxonomy

RUApAnEC

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What is the sequence?

Affective Domain’s taxonomy

ReResVOC

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What is the sequence?

Psychomotor Domain’s
taxonomy
PSGMCAO

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What level is this?

Understanding

Knowledge Comprehension

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What level is this?

Using

Application Analysis

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What level is this?

Breaking down

Application Analysis

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What level is this?

Utilizing

Application Analysis

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What level is this?

Recall

Knowledge Comprehension

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What level is this?

Putting together

Synthesis Evaluate

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What level is this?

Judge

Synthesis Evaluate

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What level is this?

Create

Synthesis Evaluate

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What level is this?

Formulate

Synthesis Evaluate

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What level is this?

Comprehension

Remembering Understanding

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What level is this?

Using

Applying Analyzing

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What level is this?

Breaking down

Applying Analyzing

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What level is this?

Utilizing

Applying Analyzing

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What level is this?

Recall

Remembering Understanding

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What level is this?

Putting together

Creating Evaluating

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What level is this?

Judge

Creating Evaluating

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What level is this?

Formulate

Creating Evaluating

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What teaching approach of the K to 12 is this?

You believe that students learn by

building upon their prior knowledge

Constructivist Inclusive

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What teaching approach of the K to 12 is this?

The tasks required of students are

within their developmental stages

Culture- Developmentally
senstitive appropriate

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What teaching approach of the K to 12 is this?

The learner as the primary

consideration

Research- Learner-
based centered

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What teaching approach of the K to 12 is this?

You are mindful of the diversity of

cultures in your classroom

Culture-
Collaborative
senstive

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What teaching approach of the K to 12 is this?

Teaching involves students or teachers

and students working together

Culture-
Collaborative
sensitive

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What teaching approach of the K to 12 is this?

This eliminates the problem on language

barrier in early grades

Integrative MTB-MLE based

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What teaching approach of the K to 12 is this?

Traditionally separate subjects are

brought together

Integrative MTB-MLE based

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What teaching approach of the K to 12 is this?

The core of the learning process is to

elicit student-generated questions

Contextualized
Inquiry-based
& global

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What teaching approach of the K to 12 is this?

Exerting effort to extend learning

beyond the classroom into relevant
contexts in the real world

Contextualized
Inquiry-based
& global

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What teaching approach of the K to 12 is this?

No student is excluded from the circle of

learners

Responsive Inclusive

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What teaching approach of the K to 12 is this?

Relate or connect your lesson to the

students’ daily experiences

Responsive Inclusive

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What basic principle of OBE?

identify outcomes then design

instruction

Designing High
down expectations

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What basic principle of OBE?

not all learners learn in the same way

Expanded
Clarity of focus
opportunities
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What basic principle of OBE?

Begin with the end in mind

Expanded
Clarity of focus
opportunities
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What basic principle of OBE?

Set challenging standards to encourage

students to engage deeply in what they
are learning

Designing High
down expectations

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What element of a lesson plan?

Assessing students’ progress and gaps in

learning

Independent Checking for

practice understanding
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What element of a lesson plan?

Opportunity to do learning tasks on

their own

Independent Checking for

practice understanding
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What element of a lesson plan?

Includes motivation activities and

review

Anticipatory
Purpose
set
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What element of a lesson plan?

An explanation of the importance of this

lesson

Anticipatory
Purpose
set
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What element of a lesson plan?

A statement concerning what students

will be able to do after the lesson

Anticipatory
Purpose
set
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What element of a lesson plan?

Teacher works with the students on the

necessary steps to perform the skill

Guided
Modeling
Practice
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What element of a lesson plan?

A review or wrap-up of the lesson

Input Closure

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What element of a lesson plan?

Concepts to be learned

Input Closure

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Which of the following is the correct sequence in

making a lesson plan?
I. Activities
II. Evaluation
III. Follow-up assignments
IV. Determine the objectives
V. Subject matter

A. IV, V, I, II, III C. I, IV, V, III, II

B. IV, V, I, III, II D. I, V, IV, II, III

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The Subject Matter

(In Curriculum Development)

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The Learning Procedure

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ELEMENTS OF A LESSON PLAN

DIRECT or INDIRECT
(Dr. Madeline Hunter)

- Anticipatory Set - motivation/review

- Purpose - objectives
- Input - skills and concepts
- Modeling - teacher’s demo
- Guided Practice - “tayo”
- Checking for Understanding - formative
- Independent Practice - own
- Closure - review/wrap up

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4As of Facilitating Learning

(Malcolm Knowles)

A - Activity - concrete ideas

A - Analysis - specific ideas

A - Abstraction - general ideas

A - Application - practical ideas

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Two Major Types of Teaching Methods

DIRECT INDIRECT

Passive students Active students

Expository Exploratory
Deductive Inductive
Lecture Experiment
Demonstration Project Method
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Teaching Strategies

Direct Teaching

Expository Exploratory
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Teaching Strategies

Indirect Teaching

Expository Exploratory
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Teaching Strategies

Deductive

Expository Exploratory
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Teaching Strategies

Teacher-structured

Expository Exploratory
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Teaching Strategies

Laboratory method

Expository Exploratory
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Teaching Strategies

Problem solving

Expository Exploratory
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Teaching Strategies

Demonstration

Expository Exploratory
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Teaching Strategies

Lecture

Expository Exploratory
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Which teaching method is used in

Guided/Exploratory approach?

A. direct instruction
B. deductive method
C. inductive method
D. Both b & c

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Which is one justification on the use of

the lecture method?

A. When subject is very new and there

are no references yet.
B. When students are not motivated.
C. When the teacher is substituting for
the regular teacher.
D. When subject is very broad in scope.

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Types of Discussion Procedures

1. Lecture
2. Brainstorming
3. Buzz Session
4. Panel Discussion
5. Philipps 66
6. Round Table Discussion
7. Debate
8. Symposium
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Short participative sessions

that are deliberately built
into a lecture or larger
group exercise in order to
stimulate discussion

Buzz Session
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Provides open
environment for
discussing opinions
without fear of being
wrong or ridiculed for an
unpopular opinion
Buzz Session
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A pro-and-con discussion
of a controversial issue.

Debate

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Oral presentation by an
expert.

Lecture

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A discussion in
conversational form
among a selected group of
persons with a leader, in
front of an audience.
Panel Discussion

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Ideal for discussion from

various perspectives.

Panel Discussion

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Participants agree on a
specific topic to discuss
and debate. Each person is
given equal right to
participate, as illustrated
by the idea of a circular
layout.
Round Table Discussion

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A spontaneous method
where six people express
their opinions for six
minutes.

Philipps 66

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Series of speeches about a

topic

Symposium

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Technique of creative
thinking in which group
members think about a
problem or topic and
express their ideas.

Brainstorming
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Which of the following provides open

environment for discussing opinions
without fear of being wrong or
ridiculed for an unpopular opinion?

A. Debate
B. Symposium
C. Buzz session
D. Panel

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Questions

1. Levels: A. High-Level B. Low Level

2. Types: A. Divergent B. Convergent

3. Techniques: A. Prompting C. Wait Time

B. Probing D. Redirection
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Questions
1. Levels:
A. High-level
-Analysis - breaking down
-Evaluation - critiquing; judging
-Creating - synthesis; putting together

B. Low-level
-Remembering - recall
-Understanding - explaining; summarizing
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Questions
2. Types:
A. Divergent
Open-Ended Questions
High-Level
B. Convergent
Close-Ended Questions
Low-Level

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Questions
3. Techniques:
A. Prompting giving clues & hints to correct
answer of the original question
B. Probing getting more information from the
student
C. Wait time giving students time to think

D. Redirecting involving more students;

asking other students
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Learning Strategies

Basic Rehearsal (repeating learning material)

Complex Rehearsal (copying, underlining)
Basic Elaboration (forming a mental image)
Complex Elaboration (paraphrasing)

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Learning Strategies

Basic Organizational (grouping or ordering)

Complex Organizational (outlining a passage)
Comprehension Monitoring (checking for
comprehension failures)
Affective and Motivational (being alert and
relaxed).

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Classroom Management

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Teacher Karen delegates some of her

responsibilities to the whole class. She
assigns separate student monitors for
attendance, classroom cleaning, and
distribution of learning materials, in
which aspect is she good?

A. Instructional planning
B. Classroom teaching
C. Value development
D. Classroom management
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Classroom Management Techniques

(Jacob Kounin)
Ripple Effect* - positively affecting others
Withitness* - eyes at the back of the head
Overlapping* - multitasking
Smoothness - effective transitions
Group focus - engaging the whole class

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Jerkiness - failure to develop a consistent

flow of instruction
Stimulus-boundedness
Thrusts
Dangles
Truncation
Flip-flops
Overdwelling
Fragmentation
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teacher’s attention
interrupted by extraneous
stimulus

Stimulus-Boundedness

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teacher interrupts students

engaged in activities without
warning or considering
whether students are ready
or not.
Thrusts
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Teacher interrupts activity

and then returns to it again

Dangles
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Teacher does not return to

current activity after being
interrupted.

Truncation
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the teacher is engaged in

one activity and then returns
to a previous activity that the
students thought they had
finished
Flip-Flops
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Breaking down an activity so

that students spend too
much time waiting to work.

Overdwelling
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Behavior Management Strategies

Planned ignoring - intentionally ignore
Signal interference - nonverbal signals
Proximity control - stays near the student
Hurdle help - support/assist the student
Direct appeal - directly talk to the student
Removal of seductive object -remove distractions
Antiseptic bouncing -remove the student
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Mistaken Goals in Acceptance Approach

(Dreikurs)
Attention-getting "Notice me, involve me usefully."

Power-seeking "Let me help. Give me choices."

Revenge-seeking "I am hurting. Validate my feelings."

Assumed Inadequacy
"Do not give up on me. Show me small steps."
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