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Statistical Analysis Which To Choose (Multivariable) 2021

This document discusses statistical analysis methods for multivariable analysis. It explains that multivariable analysis is used to 1) statistically adjust for confounding variables when examining the effect of one variable on an outcome, 2) determine which variables have the most influence on an outcome, and 3) predict outcomes. Common types of multivariable analysis discussed include generalized linear models, multiple linear regression, analysis of covariance, multivariate analysis of variance, and repeated measures designs. The document also covers topics like confounding, interaction, and multicollinearity that are important to consider in multivariable analysis.

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24 views

Statistical Analysis Which To Choose (Multivariable) 2021

This document discusses statistical analysis methods for multivariable analysis. It explains that multivariable analysis is used to 1) statistically adjust for confounding variables when examining the effect of one variable on an outcome, 2) determine which variables have the most influence on an outcome, and 3) predict outcomes. Common types of multivariable analysis discussed include generalized linear models, multiple linear regression, analysis of covariance, multivariate analysis of variance, and repeated measures designs. The document also covers topics like confounding, interaction, and multicollinearity that are important to consider in multivariable analysis.

Uploaded by

notepadhajar
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Statistical analysis:

Which to choose?
(Multivariable Analysis)

Professor Dr. Syed Hatim Noor


Dr. Wan Arfah Nadiah Wan Abdul Jamil
Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin
“Multivariable Analysis”
Why do we need multivariable analysis ?
Purpose of using multivariable analysis
Common multivariable analysis methods in
health related sciences research

Syed Hatim Noor 2


V a ria b le s V a ria b le s

In d e p e n d e n t D ependent
P re d ic to r O u tc o m e
E x p la n a to ry R esponse

C o v a ria te s N o t th e p rim a r y
C o n fo u n d e rs in te re s t.
C o n tro ls M ust be
E ffe c t m o d ifie rs re c o g n iz e d
Syed Hatim Noor 3
Phenomena in statistics
• Confounding (C)
• Multicollinearity (M)
• Interaction (Effect modification) (I)

COMMONESS SEVERITY
C I
M M
I C

Syed Hatim Noor 4


Confounding

?
Risk Factor Disease

Confounder

Syed Hatim Noor 5


Confounding

-distortion of a risk factor-disease


relationship brought about by the
association of other factors with both
risk factor and disease

Syed Hatim Noor 6


Example of confounding

Physical Systolic
Activity
? Blood
level pressure

Age

Syed Hatim Noor 7


Confounding

• Confounding is • Testing the presence of


more common than a confounder does not
interactions need a statistical test
• Confounding is • Comparing parameter
eliminated when estimates and their
multivariable confidence intervals
analysis is carried can answer whether the
out variable is a confounder

Syed Hatim Noor 8


Interaction

Risk Factor ? Disease

Interaction Factor
(=Effect Modifier)

Syed Hatim Noor 9


Example of interaction

Employment in ? Lung cancer


an industry

Cigarette
smoking
Syed Hatim Noor 10
S m o k e rs

R is k o f
lu n g
cancer
N o n -sm o k e rs

Y e a rs o f e m p lo y m e n t in th e in d u s try

Syed Hatim Noor 11


Interactions
• An interaction is rare • Test applied depends
but more serious than on the type of
a confounder multivariable or
multivariate analysis
• Interactions can be • Testing interactions
synergistic or among all variables is
antagonistic not recommended
interactions • Biologically
• Testing the presence (medically) important
of an interaction and possible
needs a particular interactions are
statistical test priority

Syed Hatim Noor 12


Multicollinearity
• Check multicollinearity
• Checked to assess which variable (2 or more) correlate
highly
• Check correlation estimates
• Check standard errors
• May omit the variable if standard error is big
• Decision is subjective (depend on researcher)

Syed Hatim Noor 13


Multivariable Analysis

Purpose
1) To statistically adjust the effect on
variable Y by change in a particular
variable x when others are controlled

X1 Y
X2 X3 X4 …. Statistically adjusted for
E.g diet CHD smoking and
age adjusted for
Syed Hatim Noor 14
2) To discover the variable X which
has most influence on outcome
variable Y

diet
smoking CHD
age
Syed Hatim Noor 15
3) To predict the outcome Y

Clinical
Pathological cancer
Demographic Prognosis
Socio-economic

Syed Hatim Noor 16


Multivariable analysis

• Whole idea of • Common


multivariate multivariate analysis
analysis- “How to methods in health
related sciences
separate research (see
independent tables)
effect of each X • Multivariate models
on Y” • Modeling strategies

Syed Hatim Noor 17


GLM (GENERAL LINEAR MODEL)
Univariate Model
Independent variable
Lecturer academician One way
Master (categorical) ANOVA
Phd.
Young academician + 2 way ANOVA
Middle age groups
Old (categorical)
Male academician + age + Multifactorial
Female sex (categorical) ANOVA

BMI Simple linear BP level


(continuous) regression (continuous
variable)
BMI + Multilpe linear
cholesterol level regression
(continuous)
academician + age + Analysis of
sex + BMI + covariance
cholesterol
(categorical + (ANCOVA)
continuous)
(MANOVA) >1 dependent variable
(continuous)
Multivariate model

Syed Hatim Noor 18


Repeated measures in numerical outcome

• When the dependent variable is a numerical


variable
Independent Dependent Statistical test
variable variable

categorical numerical Repeated measures


ANOVA
(parametric)
categorical numerical Friedman test
(non-parametric)

Syed Hatim Noor 19


Repeated measures in categorical outcome
• When the dependent variable is a categorical
variable
Independent Outcome Statistical test
Variable (s)
Repeated measures
2 measures 2 outcome categories Mc Nemar`s test

2 measures 3+ outcome categories Test of marginal


Homogeneity

3+ measures 2 outcome categories Cochran`s Q test

Syed Hatim Noor 20


Repeated measures Cross-sectional Time-
with independent series (xt)
variables Binary
Logistic
Ordinal Regression
(xt Logit)
Multiple

Count Log-linear regression


(xt Poisson)
Generalized estimating
equations
(GEE) model
(xtgee)

Syed Hatim Noor 21


•Thank you

Syed Hatim Noor 22

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