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Final Physics PDF

The document appears to be a physics investigatory project report submitted by Priyansh Goyal of Class XII. The project aims to study the various factors that affect the internal resistance/EMF of a cell, including distance between electrodes, electrode surface area, electrolyte temperature, and electrolyte concentration. The report includes an introduction, aim, theory, circuit diagram, apparatus used, procedures followed, observations recorded, results/inferences, precautions taken, and bibliography. Key results are that internal resistance increases with electrode distance and decreases with electrode area, electrolyte temperature, and electrolyte concentration.

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20 views

Final Physics PDF

The document appears to be a physics investigatory project report submitted by Priyansh Goyal of Class XII. The project aims to study the various factors that affect the internal resistance/EMF of a cell, including distance between electrodes, electrode surface area, electrolyte temperature, and electrolyte concentration. The report includes an introduction, aim, theory, circuit diagram, apparatus used, procedures followed, observations recorded, results/inferences, precautions taken, and bibliography. Key results are that internal resistance increases with electrode distance and decreases with electrode area, electrolyte temperature, and electrolyte concentration.

Uploaded by

bhargava photocopy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

AANAM

JIDY

ANC

MANAN VIDYA
Kiddys Corner Hr. Sec. School

2023-24
SESSION- 2022-2023

PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT

TOPIC To study the variousfactor


onwhich the internal resistance/ EMF of
the cell depends.

Submitted by: Submitted to


DEEPAK YADAV
NAME PRIYANSH GOYAL
CLASS: XII
XII"B'
ROLL NO.
CCcccCccccCCccceC
.
INDEX
Sr no. Content Page n0.
1. Certificate 1

2. Acknownledgment 2
3. Introduction 3
4. Aim of the project 5

5. Theory 6
6 Circuit diagram 7

. 1. Apparatus Required 8
8. Procedured followed 9

9 Observation 12
10. Result & Inferences 13

11. Precautions 14
12. Bibliography 15

Cccccrccccccccccc :
CERTIFICATE
T

t
This is to Certify that DEEPAK YADAVof class XII
PRIYANSH GOYAL

"B' of Manan
of Kiddys Vidya
Corner Hr. School has successfully completed
Sec. School

the Physics Investigatory project on the topic " To study T


the various factor on which the internal resistance/ EMF
ofthe cell depend"' as prescribed by the CBSE Board for
the Academic Year 2023-242022-23. lt is further certified that the
project is Individual Work of the Candidate.

External's Signature :

Internal's Signature -:

Principal's Signature -:

T
-

T
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

would like to express my special thanks of


gratitude to my teacher Mr. Abhas Kumar who
gave me this golden opportunity to do this
wonderful project on the topic "To study the
various factor on which theinternal resistance/
EMFofthe celldepends " which also helped me
doing a lot of research andI came to know about
so many new things, I am really thankfiul to him.
Secondly, I would also like to thank my parent's
and friends who helped me lot in finalizing this
project within the limited time frame.
INTRODUCTION
There is a great need of batteries in our daily
use electronic appliances and the use is
increasing every day. Thus, the batteries need to
be made more powerful so that their potential
can be increased greatly Thus, this project
report is based on practical analysis for the
a
factors affecting the internal resistance of cell.
When the internal resistance of the cell is
decreased we can increase the potential
difference across it, and hence make it more
reliable.
Aim Of The Project
To study the various factors on
which the internal resistance/emf

of the cell depends

Apparatus Required
A potentiometer, a battery, two one way keys, a
rheostat, a galvanometer, a resistance box, an
ammeter, a cell, ajockey, a set square,
connecting wires, and sand paper.
ULLuUUUULUUUD
THEORY
The internal resistance of a cell is the resistance
offered by its electrolyte to the flow of ions. The
a
internal resistance of cell is -:
TT
directhv nronortional to the distance between
the electrodes.
is inversev nronortional to facino surface
area of the electrodes in electrolyte.
TL decreases with increase in temperature of
electrolyte.
Tis inversev nronortionalto concentration of
electrolyte.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
PROCEDURE FOLLOWED
1. Clean the ends of the connecting wires with sand paper
and make tight connections according to the circuit
diagram.
2. Tighten the plugs of the resistance bo.
3. Check the e.m.f. of the battery and of the cell and make
sure that e.m.f. of the battery is more than that of the cell,
otherwise null or balance point will not be obtained. To
study variation of internal resistance with distance of
Separation
4. Keep both the electrodes at a distance of 16cm.

5. Take maximum current from the battery, making


rheostat resistance small.

6. Without inserting a plug in key K2, adjust the rheostat


so thata ull point is obtained on the last wire of the p
7. Determine the position of the null point

accurately using a set square and neasure the

balancing length (l1) between the ull point

and the end P. otentiometer.


8. Next introduce plugs in both keys KI and K2. At
the same time, take out a small resistance (1 -5 W)
from the shunt resistance box connected in parallel
with the cell.
9. Slide thejockey along a potentiometer wire and
obtain the null point.
10. Measure the balancing length (12) from end P
Record these observations.
11. Now keep the electrodes 12 cm apart. Then
remove the plugs of keys KI and K2. Wait for some
time and repeat steps 7 to 10.
12. Next, keep the electrodes 9 cm apart to obtain
another set of observations.

******* *****
0BSERVATION
T

RESULT & INFERENCES T

I
1The Flectromotive Forre nf the cell is constant and
is equal to E Volt.

T1The internal resistance ofa cell is directh T


proportional to the separation beween the
electrodes.
T1The internal resistance ofa cell is inversew
proportional to the area of the electrodes dipped in
electrolyte.

a
The internal resistance of cell is inversely
proportional to the temperature of electrolytes.
1The internal resistance ofa cell is inversev

proportional to the concentration of the electrolyte.

T
-

T
PRECAUTIONS
1. The connections should be neat, clean and
tight.

2. The plugsshould be introduced in the keys


only when the observations are to be taken.
3. The positive polls of the battery E and cells El
and E2 should, all be connected to the terminal
at the zero of the wires.
4. The jockey key should not be rubbed along the
wire. It should touch the wire gently.
5. The ammeter reading should remain constant
for a particular set of observation. fnecessary,
adjust the rheostatfor this purpose.
INTERNAL
RESISTANCE
Internal resistance is defined as the resistance
offered by the electrolyte of the cell to the flow of
ions.

Its S.I. unit is Ohm (Q)


For a cell of e.m.f. (E) and internal resistance
(r), connected to an external resistance (R) such
that () is the current flowing through the circuit,
E = V+Ir
Internal Resistance,
r =
E-VI
BIBLIOGRAPHY
WEBSITE

www.wikipedia.org

https://www.researchgate.net

https://www.sastasundar.com

BOOKS

Comprehensive practical Manual

GUIDE

Mr. Abhas Kumar

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