Past Perfect

როგორ ვაწარმოებთ?

მტკიცებითი (had + V 3)

I had bought/played we had bought/played

you had bought/played you had bought/played

he/she/it had bought/played they had bought/played

კითხვითი (had + ქვემდებარე +V 3)

Had I bought/played? Had we bought/played?

Had you bought/played? Had you bought/played?

Had he/she/it bought /played? Had they bought/played?

უარყოფითი (had + not + V 3)

I had not bought/played we had not bought/played

you had not bought/played you had not bought/played

he/she/it had not bought/played they had not bought/played

როგორ მოქმედებას გამოხატავს Past Perfect?

მოქმედება მოხდა წარსულის განსაზღვრულ მომენტზე, ან სხვა წარსულ მოქმედებაზე

უფრო ადრე:
ა) Jessy had written the essay by 8 pm yesterday (წარსული დროის განსაზღვრული
მომენტი) - ჯესის დაწერილი ჰქონდა ესე გუშინ 8 საათისთვის - ე.ი. ჯესიმ წარსულის
განსაზღვრულ მომენტზე - გუშინ 8 საათზე - უფრო ადრე დაწერა ესე;
ბ) Jessy had written the essay by the time I arrived (სხვა მოქმედება წარსულში) - ჯესის
დაწერილი ჰქონდა ესე, ვიდრე მე მივიდოდი - ე.ი. ჯესიმ სხვა წარსულ მოქმედებაზე
- ჩემს მისვლაზე - უფრო ადრე დაწერა ესე.
დროის მარკერები: by 8 pm yesterday, by the time, etc.

სავარჯიშოები

Use Past Perfect

A.

1. The storm destroyed the sandcastle that we (build) .

2. He (not / be) to Cape Town before 1997.

3. When she went out to play, she (do / already) her homework.

4. My brother ate all of the cake that our mum (make) .

5. The doctor took off the plaster that he (put on) six weeks before.

6. The waiter brought a drink that I (not / order) .

7. I could not remember the poem we (learn) the week before.

8. The children collected the chestnuts that (fall) from the tree.

9. (he / phone) Angie before he went to see her in London?

10. She (not / ride) a horse before that day.

B.

1. She in Sweden before she went to Norway. (to live)

2. After we the cornflakes, Henry came in. (to eat)
3. Before Ken ran to Kerry's house, he him. (to phone)
4. After they their backpacks, they rode away on their bikes. (to pack)
5. Gerry helped his grandma in the house because his father him so. (to tell)
6. The cat hid under the chair because the children so loud. (to be)
7. Before the students started to write, the teacher their mobile phones. (to collect)
8. After Max his breakfast, he left the flat. (to finish)
9. Laura repaired her glasses because her brother them. (to break)
10. By the time the show began, all friends . (to arrive)

Use past simple or past perfect.

C.

1. After they (see) the Tower, they (go) to Westminster Abbey.

2. He (ask) me which animals I (see) in Africa.

3. After Columbus (discover) America, he (return) to Spain.

4. Before they (move) to Liverpool, they (sell) everything.

5. After he (work) very hard, he (fall) ill.

6. She (open) the box after she (find) the key.

7. They (go) to a restaurant after they (sail).

8. Before they (start) the party, they (invite) some friends.

9. After she (wash) the curtains, she (clean) the windows.

10. They (go) for a sightseeing tour after the bus (arrive).

11. Before he (mow) the lawn, he (pick) some roses.

12. After he (finish) school, he (work) for a magazine.

13. They (drink) a cup of tea after they (finish) lunch.

14. He (ask) me for her telephone number before he (phone) her.

15. My sister (eat) all the chocolate before my parents (come)

home.

D.

1. I (study) Japanese before.

2. She (bake) a lot before she (open) her shop.

3. We (have) a lot of trouble because we (lose) our passports.

4. Brian (know) many people at the club because he (be) there many times.

5. They (study) English before they (move) to Canada.

6. You (enjoy) the movie because you (read) the book.

7. She really (like) him because he (help) her.

8. Amy (study) a lot before she (take) the test.

9. We (get) into the restaurant only because we (reserve) our places.

10. I (be) to India before 1986.

11. They (have) a lot of trouble before they finally (succeed).

12. Chris (own) that car for 5 years before he (sell) it.

13. Sharon (be) very sick until she (stop) eating junk food.

14. I (be) in Greece for 7 months before I (move) to Spain.

15. You (cook) a lot, because you (be) so hungry.

E.
1. She (never be) to the North Pole until 2002.

2. They (never fight) before they (move) together.

3. He (never break) anything before he (start) to crawl.

4. When we (arrive), we (discover) that the bus (leave).

5. When I (call), she (go) to sleep.

6. Ashley (never meet) him, so she (want) more details.

7. He (never kiss) a girl, so he (be) embarrassed.

8. Patrick (save) a lot of money before he (buy) the house.

9. They (go) some place, because they (be) not there when I
(arrive).

10. It (be) too late, because the car (sell) to someone else.

11. You said (say) you (be) to Turkey 5 times.

12. They (tell) us they (paint) the entire apartment.

13. The boss (tell) us he (hire) some new staff.

14. Jason and Amy (eat) before they (come) to see you.

15. I had (have) all the papers, but I (lose) them.