Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology

CE 1101
Engineering Mechanics

Course Teacher

Md. Nahid Hossain

Lecturer
Department of Civil Engineering
Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology
Introduction and Equilibrium System
 What is Engineering Mechanics?
Engineering mechanics is the study of forces that act on bodies and the resultant
motion that those bodies experience. Engineering mechanics subject involves the
application of the principles of mechanics to solve real-time engineering problems.

In other words, it the linkage between the basic science, math, physics to various
engineering field.
Types of Engineering Mechanics
 Types of Engineering Mechanics
Engineering mechanics can be broadly classified into two types. They are:
1. Statics: Statics is the branch of mechanics that deals with the study of objects at rest.
Objects at rest may or may not be under the influence of forces.
2. Dynamics: Dynamics is the branch of mechanics that deals with the study of objects
in motion and the forces causing such motion.

Dynamics Types:
Dynamics can be further classified into two types. They are:
1. Kinematics: Kinematics is the study of the motion of bodies without consideration of
the cause of the motion. Kinematics deals with the space-time relationship of the
motion of a body. Some examples of kinematic concepts are displacement, velocity
and acceleration.
2. Kinetics: Kinetics is the branch of mechanics which deals with the study of the
motion of bodies by considering the cause of motion.
Scalars And Vectors
 FORCE SYSTEM
What is Forces?
Force is something which can change the state of rest or state of motion of the body. It
may also deform a body by changing its dimension. It is a vector quantity.

CHARACTERISTICS OF A FORCE
A Force has following basic characteristics
i) Magnitude
ii) Direction
iii) Point of application
iv) Line of action
Force is represented as a vector .i.e an arrow with its magnitude.
e.g. for the force shown in Figure, magnitude of force is 4KN, direction is 40° with the
horizontal in fourth quadrant, point of application is C and line of action is AB.
 FORCE SYSTEM
When a mechanics problem or system has more than one force acting, it is known as
a ‘force system’ or ‘system of force’.
 FORCE SYSTEM

Types of force Definition Figure

If the lines of action of the forces acting on the

Collinear
body lie on a same line, then the forces are
forces
called as Collinear forces.

If the lines of action of the forces acting on the

Concurrent
body passes through a common point, then the
forces
forces are called as concurrent forces.
 FORCE SYSTEM
Types of force Definition Figure

If the lines of action of the forces acting on the

Non
body don’t passes through a common point,
Concurrent
then the forces are called as Non-concurrent
forces
forces.

If the lines of action of the forces acting on the

Coplanar
body lie on the same plane, then the forces are
forces
called as Coplanar forces.
 FORCE SYSTEM
Types of force Definition Figure

Non If the lines of action of the forces acting on the

Coplanar body don’t lie on the same plane, then the
Forces forces are called as Coplanar forces.

If the lines of action of the forces acting on the

Coplanar
body lie on the same plane and also pass
Concurrent
through a common point, then the forces are
forces
called as Coplanar-Concurrent forces.
 FORCE SYSTEM
Types of force Definition Figure

If the lines of action of the forces acting on

Coplanar Non
the body lie on the same plane but don’t
Concurrent
passes through a common point, then the
forces
forces are called as Coplanar Non Concurrent
forces.

Non If the lines of action of the forces acting on

Coplanar the body don’t lie on the same plane but
Concurrent passes through a common point, then the
forces forces are called as Non Coplanar Concurrent
forces.
 FORCE SYSTEM

Types of force Definition Figure

Non If the lines of action of the forces acting on

Coplanar Non the body don’t lie on the same plane and
Concurrent don’t pass through a common point, then
forces the forces are called as Non Coplanar Non
Concurrent forces.

If the lines of action of all forces are parallel

to each other, then the forces are called as
Parallel forces. If all forces are acting in same
direction, then the forces are called as Like
Parallel forces
parallel forces. If the forces are acting in
different direction, then the forces are called
as Unlike parallel forces.
Units of Force

What is Mass?
It is one of the fundamental quantities in Physics and the most basic property of
matter. We can define mass as the measure of the amount of matter in a body.
The SI unit of mass is Kilogram (kg).
Note: The mass of a body does not change at any time
What is Weight?
It is the measure of the force of gravity acting on a body.
The formula for weight is given by: w = mg
As weight is a force its SI unit is also the same as that of force, SI unit of weight is Newton
(N).
What Is the Difference Between Weight and Mass?
Mass is a property of matter. The mass of an Weight depends on the effect of gravity. Weight
object is the same everywhere. increases or decreases with higher or lower gravity.
Weight can be zero if no gravity acts upon an object, as
Mass can never be zero.
in space.
Mass does not change according to location. Weight varies according to location.
Weight is a vector quantity. It has magnitude and is
Mass is a scalar quantity. It has magnitude. directed toward the center of the Earth or other gravity
well.
Mass may be measured using an ordinary
Weight is measured using a spring balance.
balance.
Mass usually is measured in grams and
Weight often is measured in newtons, a unit of force.
kilograms.
Different types of units
Important Units for this course
Conversion of Different Units
What is Static Equilibrium?

•Static equilibrium is where an object isn't moving because the various influences on that
object are in balance (are equal).
•A rigid body is just an object that has a particular shape that doesn't change.
•Static equilibrium for a rigid body: A body (or any part of it) which is currently
stationary will remain stationary if the resultant force and resultant moment are zero for all
the forces and couples applied on it.
Conditions of Equilibrium
There are two conditions that have to be met for this to be the case. The object must be in
both translational and rotational equilibrium.
Translational Equilibrium
The object is said to be in translational equilibrium if the forces
are balanced in all directions - if the upward forces equal the
downward forces, the leftward forces equal the rightward
forces, and the forward forces equal the backward forces.

Rotational Equilibrium
But objects don't just move up and down, or left and right, or
forward and back. There's one other kind of movement -
rotational movement. Rotational motion is where an object
stays in position, but twists around a pivot point. This is like
how a wheel turns on its axis, or a wind turbine spins when
pushed by the air.
Equations of equilibrium
In static systems, where motion does not occur, the sum of the forces in all directions must always
equal zero (otherwise, it's a dynamics problem). In two dimensions, when forces exist only in the x
and y directions. This concept can be represented mathematically with the following equations:
ΣFx = 0 and ΣFy = 0
The algebraic sum of all the horizontal (along x-axis) or vertical forces (along y-axis) acting on a
body which is in equilibrium must equal zero.
ΣM = 0
The algebraic sum of the moments of all the forces acting on a body which is in equilibrium,
about any point in the plane of those forces, must equal zero.

For equilibrium of a rigid body in two dimensions Equations of equilibrium become

ΣFx = 0
ΣFy = 0
ΣMA = 0
where A is any point in the structure.
Resultant of Coplanar Concurrent Force System
The line of action of each forces in coplanar concurrent force system are on the
same plane. All of these forces meet at a common point, thus concurrent. In x-y
plane, the resultant can be found by the following formulas:

Rx = ΣFx

Ry = ΣFy

R= Rx2+Ry2

tanθx=Ry/Rx
 Problem 1
Find the resultant of the force system shown in Figure.
Solution 1
 Problem 2
Find the resultant of the force system shown in Figure.

200 lb.
400 lb.

45⁰ 30⁰
x
O

300 lb.
Solution 2
 Problem 3
The forces shown in figure are in equilibrium. Determine the value of F and 𝛳.
Solution 3
 Problem 4
In Figure, R is the resultant of F, T and Q. Let, F = 150 lb., 𝛳 = 300, R = 85 lb., and
find Q and α.
Solution 4