MAJAN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE

Accredited to the University of Bedfordshire, United Kingdom

FACULTY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Technology Project (TP1 and TP2)

DESIGNING THE SCADA SYSTEM TO MONITOR THE OPERATIONS OF

THE ABC INDUSTRY

BSc (Honours) Computing (Oil and Gas)

Project coordinator: Dr Mohammed Waleed
Student Name: Hamood Amur AL-Habsi
Student ID: 18201003
1. Acknowledgements
The author expresses gratitude towards the Department of Information Technology at Majan
University for facilitating access to laboratory facilities and enabling the evaluation of the
product's performance and industrial implementation. The author expresses gratitude towards
all individuals who provided crucial feedback during the testing and validation phase of the
system, as well as for their assessments and suggestions pertaining to the manuscript.

2. Abstract
A SCADA system that is both compact and cost-effective has been developed and
constructed for the purpose of this academic thesis, with the intention of utilising it in
practical settings. The objective was to establish an interface among diverse automation
devices, including Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) and other controllers that endorse
distinct communication protocols. The high cost of commercial SCADA products such as
AVEVA EDGE, INDUSOFT, IGNITION, and FACTORYTALK VIEW poses a significant
challenge for small and medium-sized industries. To address this issue, we developed a cost-
effective SCADA system utilising the IGSS programming environment. The efficacy of the
system was validated through successful testing for the purpose of process monitoring and
control within a corporate setting. The acquisition, processing, and administration of data
within the system are executed through the utilisation of IoT devices and servers. For the
purpose of testing, the project has been provisionally hosted on Google Firebase. SCADA
systems currently in use can be classified into two distinct categories: low-cost, inflexible
control systems and high-end, flexible switch systems. The objective of this project is to
amalgamate cost-effectiveness and adaptability in SCADA systems. The aforementioned
objective is accomplished by implementing a distinct network dedicated to SCADA
communications and a simplistic control system that strikes a balance between cost-
effectiveness and adaptability.

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Contents
MAJAN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE......................................................................................1

Accredited to the University of Bedfordshire, United Kingdom...........................................1

FACULTY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY..............................................................1

1. Acknowledgements.........................................................................................................2

2. Abstract...........................................................................................................................2

List of Figures............................................................................................................................6

Tables.........................................................................................................................................7

Chapter 1....................................................................................................................................8

1.0Introduction...........................................................................................................................8

1.1Project Introduction...........................................................................................................8

1.2Motivation.........................................................................................................................9

1.3Aim....................................................................................................................................9

1.4Objectives..........................................................................................................................9

1.5Scope of the Project........................................................................................................10

1.6Problem Statement..........................................................................................................10

Chapter 2..................................................................................................................................11

2.0 Literature Review...............................................................................................................11

2.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................11

The structure of the SCADA systems..................................................................................11

2.1.1. Hardware and the communication architecture..................................................11

2.1.2. SCADA control systems architecture................................................................12

2.2 Communication protocols..............................................................................................14

2.2.1. Modbus...............................................................................................................14

2.2.2. DNP3..................................................................................................................15
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 2.2.3. IEC 60870-5.......................................................................................................15

2.2.4. Profibus..............................................................................................................15

2.2.5. Foundation Fieldbus...........................................................................................16

2.2.6. CAN open...........................................................................................................16

2.3 Summary........................................................................................................................16

Chapter 3..................................................................................................................................17

3.0 Analysis.........................................................................................................................17

3.1 Interview........................................................................................................................17

3.2 Requirements Specifications.....................................................................................18

3.2.1. Functional requirement......................................................................................18

3.2.2. Non-Functional requirements.............................................................................18

3.3 Cost Analysis.............................................................................................................19

Chapter 4.................................................................................................................................20

4.0 Project Management........................................................................................................20

4.1 Outline.......................................................................................................................20

4.2 Gantt Chart...............................................................................................................22

4.3 Milestone........................................................................................................................23

Chapter 5..................................................................................................................................24

5.0 Design................................................................................................................................24

5.1 Description of Designed System...............................................................................25

Chapter 6.................................................................................................................................27

6.0 Implementation & Testing..............................................................................................27

6.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................27

6.2 SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) System Design....................28

6.3 Hardware Configuration..........................................................................................29

6.4 Supervisory control and data acquisition Configuration................................................29

6.5 Data acquisition and system control........................................................................30

Chapter 7.................................................................................................................................31

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Evaluation, Conclusion & References..................................................................................31

7.0Conclusion......................................................................................................................31

7.1 Acknowledgments.....................................................................................................32

7.2 Abstract.....................................................................................................................32

7.3 Recommendations.....................................................................................................33

7.4 References.................................................................................................................33

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List of Figures
Figure 1: Structure of SCADA System......................................................................................9
Figure 2: Typical SCADA System Architecture......................................................................12
Figure 3: The remote monitoring system topology..................................................................13
Figure 4: Architecture of Proposed System.............................................................................20
Figure 5: User Interface of Main SCADA System..................................................................23
Figure 6: Connection Settings in the main interface................................................................24
Figure 7: Motor Settings window............................................................................................24
Figure 8: Warning of PLC and IoT server connection Error...................................................25
Figure 9: Test Setup.................................................................................................................26
Figure 10: Circuit Layout simplified for one Motor control system........................................27
Figure 11: Sample rung 11 of the PLC ladders diagrams to set the desired frequency...........28
Figure 12: PLC Wiring Diagram..............................................................................................29
Figure 13: Dashboard Showing real-time Data in IoT Interface..............................................30
Figure 14: Gantt Chart.............................................................................................................33

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Tables
Table 1: Data Acquisition in SCADA System.........................................................................29
Table 2: Milestone....................................................................................................................34

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 Chapter 1

1.0Introduction
1.1Project Introduction
The objective of this project is to develop a SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition) system that can effectively oversee the activities of an industrial organisation
known as ABC.
SCADA, which stands for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition, is a software system
utilised for the purpose of analysing and controlling field operations at remote locations. Its
primary function is to accurately collect, display, and store data.
The primary aim of this guiding system is to monitor and regulate devices utilised in
industrial processes, while also preserving data across industries on a global scale. SCADA
(Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems are ubiquitous in contemporary society.
The aforementioned categories encompass: i. Systems designed for the treatment of water ii.
Machinery utilised in the manufacturing process iii. Means of transportation iv. The oil and
gas industry v. The distribution of power vi. Building Management Systems, commonly
referred to as BMS.

The SCADA (Supervisory-Control and Data Acquisition) software system offers a range of
functions that facilitate the effective management of remote facilities. The following are the
commonly observed operations of a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA)
system.
I. Collection of data
Networked data communication is an additional aspect to consider.
Section III of the report pertains to the presentation of data and control presentation.

The project at hand involves the development of a computer network that is capable of
measuring, controlling, and analysing the operations of the ABC industry. My involvement in
this project is confirmed. The SCADA system will be developed with the objective of
acquiring and processing real-time data to oversee and regulate machinery that handles
critical and time-sensitive materials or occurrences.

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1.2Motivation
The ABC Company exhibits a robust dedication to generating market interest and optimising
financial gains. This objective provides the administration with a distinct orientation and the
capacity to implement requisite measures to enhance operational efficiency, eliminate
impediments, and reduce costs. As a newly hired employee, I am enthusiastic about
undertaking substantial responsibilities and embarking on this exciting journey. This presents
a unique occasion for me to utilise my skill set and effectuate a constructive influence
towards surmounting any challenges. Through the implementation of a Guiding Control and
Data Attainment system aimed at visualising the plant's operations, I am confident in my
ability to ensure its efficient and effective performance.
Furthermore, I posit that my engagement with the organisation will facilitate my personal and
professional advancement. Through close collaboration with the management and fellow
team members, I can acquire valuable insights and broaden my understanding of the industry.
Moreover, this will enable me to make a valuable contribution to the long-term growth and
prosperity of the organisation.

1.3Aim
The present study aims to develop a SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)
system for monitoring and controlling machinery in industrial operations by collecting and
analysing real-time data from the ABC industry.

1.4Objectives
 The primary objectives that have been emphasised in this project entail formulating a
suitable course of action.
 Improving, formulating, and implementing.
 The process of constantly monitoring, collecting, analysing, and transforming data in
real-time.
 The establishment of direct interaction with on-site instruments, including sensors,
pumps, valves, and other devices, is facilitated through the use of an interface for
human machines (HMI).
 The act of recording occurrences in a chronological record for future reporting
objectives.

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1.5Scope of the Project
The industrial automation domain is significantly dependent on the Supervisory Control and
Data Acquisition (SCADA) system. In the past, the utilisation of microprocessors control or
relay logic was necessary for the regulation of field devices due to limited options. However,
at present, Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) have proven to be adequate for this
purpose. Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is a versatile and sophisticated system with a
wide range of capabilities.
The present situation is characterized by the potential for unforeseen alterations that could
have a significant impact on the entirety of the system. The SCADA (Supervisory Control
and Data Acquisition) system can undergo modifications without compromising its efficacy,
velocity, or interconnectivity.

1.6Problem Statement
The current challenges include:
1. Inadequate design.
2. Acquiring real-time data.
3. Examining real-time data.
4. Weak network efficiency during high-traffic times.
5. Overseeing and managing the equipment.
6. High cost of investment.
7. Managing critical and time-sensitive materials.

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 Chapter 2

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction
The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition) technology in facilitating the automation and optimisation of operational
processes within the ABC industry. The complexity and magnitude of the operations have
surpassed the capacity of manual monitoring and control. The research will entail
comprehending diverse SCADA technologies and their configuration procedures,
culminating in an enhanced system that is both user-friendly and efficient.
The structure of the SCADA systems
1.1.1. Hardware and the communication architecture
SCADA systems share a fundamental framework consisting of diverse units and their
respective functionalities, despite any variations that may exist between them. The
management of production processes is facilitated by RTUs, PLCs, and IEDs. Remote
Terminal Units (RTUs) establish communication with the Master Terminal Unit (MTU) and
transmit data to the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system in an
automated manner subsequent to the execution of field plans. The MTU is linked to the HMI
or SCADA system, which facilitates the monitoring of process parameters, recording of data,
and adjustment of control values and setpoints as necessary. [2] [3].

Figure 1: Structure of SCADA System

The teacher Terminal Unit (MTU) functions as the central hub of control in a Supervisory
Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system, responsible for monitoring and managing

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the flow of information. The establishment of a direct connection to the Human Machine
Interface (HMI) is a crucial responsibility as it serves as the intermediary between the system
and its human users. The MTU possesses the ability to effectively oversee all remote
terminals situated within a wide geographical expanse, while also ensuring seamless
operation of the SCADA system via the implementation of specialised software. The
software is comprised of multiple components, including but not limited to a database
connection, communication with remote terminal unit (RTUs), and a user interface. It is
designed to function on a computer operating system.
In contrast, Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) are apparatuses that establish a direct connection
with the physical systems under surveillance and regulation. They engage with the procedure
in actual time and collect information through diverse sensors and actuators. Remote
Terminal Units (RTUs) have the capability to employ various communication techniques,
including but not limited to twisted pair, optical fibre, coaxial cable, copper cable, and
wireless protocols such as Wi-Fi and ZigBee. The aforementioned devices retain the gathered
data in their memory and execute directives issued by the MTU. Moreover, they undertake
crucial managerial and data-gathering responsibilities.
The Human-Machine Interface (HMI) plays a crucial role in the Supervisory Control and
Data Acquisition (SCADA) system, as it enables human operators to monitor and manipulate
the controlled process. The Human-Machine Interface (HMI) comprises computer
repositories interconnected to the Machine Technology Unit (MTU) through a network,
intended to offer an easily navigable interface for administrative purposes. The
implementation of specialised software in SCADA facilitates a lucid representation of the
operational process, enabling operators to promptly react to any unforeseen or anomalous
occurrences. The Human-Machine Interface (HMI) offers a comprehensive perspective of the
process, furnishing details on its advancement and facilitating monitoring at various levels of
abstraction. The HMI is comprised of crucial components such as alarms, error messages, and
deviations from norms.
The communication channel utilised for transmitting data between a server and Remote
Terminal Units (RTUs) is a crucial element of the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
(SCADA) system. The creation of this interaction can be facilitated through various means
such as cable, phone, or radio, while maintaining the requisite transparency. Irrespective of
the mode of connection, be it cable or radio, it is imperative that the commands and responses
at the link level remain unaltered by the method of connection.

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To sum up, the conventional configuration of a SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition) system comprises the MTU (Master Terminal Unit), RTU (Remote Terminal
Unit) devices, HMI (Human-Machine Interface), and the communication medium that
facilitates their interaction. Each of these components assumes a crucial function in the
supervision and control of industrial processes. The MTU facilitates a direct linkage to the
HMI, while the RTUs engage with the process in actual time and accumulate data. The HMI
enables human supervision and regulation, and the communication medium guarantees the
lucidity of the link-level abstraction of commands and responses.

1.1.2. SCADA control systems architecture

Regarding the implementation of management, three primary approaches can be discerned
[6]:
i. Decentralised Governance ii. Centralised Governance
III. The Concept of Distributed Control.
The concept of local control entails the management of a process at its site of operation. The
interface of the controller facilitates the monitoring of the process and enables the
configuration of control parameters. The system utilises uncomplicated directives to
establish communication with the supervisory tier and furnish updates on its operational
status and concerns. This organisational structure is well-suited for uncomplicated systems in
which the expense of replicating the links to sensors as well as actuators is deemed
unnecessary. Centralised control involves the interconnection of all devices and actuators to
a central location, typically a control room, which houses the Master Terminal Unit (MTU),
Human Machine Interface (HMI), and other associated units. One benefit of employing this
methodology is that the operator is afforded a consolidated perspective of the complete
system, thereby enabling prompt action in the event of an unforeseen circumstance.
Nevertheless, this form of management incurs higher costs as a result of the necessity to
replicate the contacts to both the devices and actuators. Moreover, it is imperative that the
central controller is engineered to manage potential mishaps. This organisational structure
was formerly more widespread, but presently it is less frequently employed.

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 Figure 2: Typical SCADA System Architecture

The Distributed Control approach, which combines the advantages of Local Control and
Centralised Control, represents the third method of control. The system comprises of
controllers that are in proximity to the managed process, yet are linked via a network to a
central control hub. The central controller possesses the ability to access all pertinent
management information and execute modifications to control parameters and algorithms in a
timely manner. The advantage of this particular architectural design lies in its ability to offer
a significant degree of dependability. In the case of a malfunction in any of the controllers,
the functioning of the remaining controllers will remain unaffected. Moreover, even if there
is a disruption in the connection with the primary terminal, each controller can continue to
operate independently. Nevertheless, the utilisation of a network-based system may entail a
plausible security hazard. Given the susceptibility of the operational algorithm to external
interference, it is imperative to implement supplementary safeguards to prevent any
unauthorised infiltration of the system. Hence, it is imperative to incorporate adequate
security protocols while utilising this particular architectural framework to safeguard the
system and its constituents.

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 2.2 Communication protocols
Protocols are of utmost importance in guaranteeing the effectiveness and stability of a
SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system. Communication patterns
between various components, including the Chief Fatal Unit (MTU), Remote Fatal Units
(RTU), and others, are determined. The protocols in question delineate the regulations
governing the exchange of data and commands, encompassing the structure of messages
transmitted via the MTU and RTU, the process of addressing, as well as the monitoring and
control of said processes. The conventional communication model utilised in SCADA
systems entails the Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) awaiting directives or inquiries from the
Master Terminal Unit (MTU), and subsequently executing the appropriate actions. In certain
instances, Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) may autonomously transmit messages in the
occurrence of a malfunction or crisis. The protocols utilised in SCADA systems are
engineered to optimise efficiency and minimise space requirements, with a majority of these
protocols being Internet-based. Modbus, DNP3, IEC 60870-5, Profibus, Foundation Fieldbus,
and CAN open are among the frequently employed protocols in SCADA systems. Every
protocol possesses a distinct set of characteristics and is employed in diverse applications,
contingent upon the available resources. the scheme

Figure 3: The remote monitoring system topology

1.1.3. Modbus
The Modbus protocol is extensively employed in industrial control and automation systems,
particularly in SCADA systems for the purpose of supervisory control and data acquisition.
Initially created in 1979, this communication protocol has gained widespread popularity over
time. The Modbus protocol establishes a standardised set of guidelines and structure for
facilitating communication between a central terminal and remote devices, thereby enabling
the transmission of data and directives across various components of the network. The
proposed solution offers a straightforward, resilient, and economical approach to facilitate

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communication among controllers, sensors, and actuators within industrial settings. The
communication protocol facilitates diverse forms of communication, such as serial and
Ethernet-based, and is applicable in point-to-point and multi-drop setups. Modbus is a
prevalent option for industrial automation applications, particularly for small and medium-
sized systems, owing to its widespread adoption, low cost, and user-friendly nature.
1.1.4. DNP3
For supervision control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems, DNP3 (which stands for Dis
Network Protocol 3) is a popular industrial communication protocol. This protocol is
frequently used to track and oversee vital infrastructure, including pipelines for oil and gas,
water treatment facilities, and the production and distribution of electricity. The primary
terminal, which is in charge of gathering and managing the data, and the remote terminals
have a secure, dependable, and effective way to communicate thanks to DNP3. The protocol
lays forth the rules and patterns for interaction among the master terminal and the remote
terminals, as well as the structure and format of data. DNP3 is an excellent option for
SCADA systems that demand high levels operational functionality, dependability, and
security because to its advanced capabilities, including real-time control and observation,
constantly changing data mapping, and extensive security measures.
1.1.5. IEC 60870-5
The IEC 60870-5 protocol is commonly utilised by SCADA systems to facilitate
communication between the primary input unit (MTU) and other terminal units (RTU) for the
purposes of supervision, control, and data acquisition. The Global Electro technical
Commission (IEC) has established a normative framework that outlines the configuration and
composition of communication messages. This framework encompasses a range of
information types, such as command and status data, alarms, and telemetry data. The protocol
has been specifically developed for implementation in power systems and serves the purpose
of facilitating the exchange of data between remote sub stations and control centres. The IEC
60870-5 protocol provides a robust security framework that encompasses cryptographic
safeguards for communication data and message origin authentication, thereby rendering it a
crucial element for critical applications. The protocol exhibits versatility in accommodating
diverse SCADA system types by facilitating multiple transmission modes, such as direct
point-to-point communication and multi-point communication.
1.1.6. Profibus
Profibus, also known as Process Field Bus, is a prevalent fieldbus communication protocol
employed in industrial automation to establish connections between control devices such as
programmable controllers, distributed I/O, sensors, and actuators. The aforementioned is
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founded upon the establishment of uniform protocols for communication by the German
electrical construction and electronics sector. Profibus is recognised for its rapid
communication rate, elevated dependability, and sturdiness, rendering it appropriate for
implementation in challenging industrial settings. The technology facilitates instantaneous
communication within control devices and enables the transfer of process information, event
data, and diagnostic feedback. Profibus finds its application in diverse domains such as
process control, industrial automation, material handling, and systems for energy
administration. Furthermore, a substantial number of device manufacturers provide support
for it, thereby ensuring its compatibility and facilitating its integration into pre-existing
systems..
1.1.7. Foundation Fieldbus
It is a protocol created enabling field devices including VFDs, actuators, and sensor devices,
PLC controllers, which are drives, and HMIs (Human Machine Interfaces) to communicate
with one another.) [13].

1.1.8. CAN open

This CAN (Controller Local Network) protocol serves as the foundation for the
communication protocol at heightened levels in SCADA, or supervision control and data
acquisition, systems. This protocol implements five of the seven OSI model layers: network,
transportation session, the application, and presentation. It is made for use in dynamic
situations like those found in cars and industrial equipment. The CAN protocol manages the
lower two electrical and data communication levels. These systems link PLC and an RTU
controllers with sensors and actuators. Recent years have seen the development of new
protocols for SCADA systems that incorporate current telecommunication network protocols
as TCP, IP, GPRS, 3G, and 4G cell phone networks, internet access, low-range transmission
via wireless protocols, ZigBee, and Bluetooth.

2.3 Summary
The discourse surrounding the configuration and transmission protocols of SCADA
(Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems has arrived at a pivotal point. The
SCADA system protocols have been intentionally crafted to possess a high degree of
concision and effectiveness in their information transmission. Recent years have witnessed
the emergence of various trends in the evolution of SCADA systems. One trend that has
emerged is the increasing diversity observed in the composition of SCADA systems,
encompassing both the hardware components employed and the communication networks
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leveraged. Blended learning has emerged as a prominent trend in modern educational
approaches. The integration of conventional classroom teaching with practical application,
such as experimentation, is widely regarded as a highly effective and auspicious pedagogical
approach amidst the swiftly evolving educational milieu.

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 Chapter 3

3.0 Analysis
3.1 Interview
A comprehensive understanding of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)
systems was sought through an interview conducted with the department head and
engineering team of ABC firm. The objective of the interview was to acquire information
pertaining to the challenges, costs, intricacies, and pragmatic know-how involved in the
application of SCADA systems, with a specific focus on the technical aspects of SCADA.
A significant hurdle in the development of a SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition) system pertains to the presentation of data in a comprehensible format for
human operators and enabling intelligent control of managed systems. In response to this
challenge, a checklist of requirements for SCADA systems was formulated. These
requirements include, but are not limited to, the provision of detailed information display, the
implementation of nuisance alarm filtering, the establishment of 24/7 continuous pager and
email notifications, the provision of expansion capability, the establishment of geo-diverse
backup, and the provision of support for various protocols and equipment types.
The expenses associated with SCADA systems are subject to fluctuation based on the
intricacy of the system and the requisite functionalities. Low-cost open-source SCADA
systems are available; however, it is advisable to undertake a study to ascertain their
appropriateness for the monitoring and control of particular systems.
The level of complexity exhibited by SCADA systems may vary, ranging from rudimentary
to intricate. An elementary illustration of a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
(SCADA) system could be a unidirectional circuit that apprises an operator of a singular
occurrence, such as an illuminated indicator denoting the fulfilment of an operation by a
machine. Conversely, a comprehensive Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)
system oversees numerous processes across a broader geographical expanse and may entail
greater intricacy.
SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems have garnered positive
reception from their users. Harold Moses of KMC Telecom provides a practical illustration of
the application of SCADA, wherein it facilitated the retrieval of diverse equipment from
different manufacturers or providers through a unified interface, thereby ensuring reliability.
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems are susceptible to cyber threats
due to their susceptibility to manipulation by malevolent actors who possess network or

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device access. Hence, it is advisable to adopt a defence-in-depth approach towards SCADA
security by utilising conventional information technology practises.

3.2 Requirements Specifications

After we finished the interview analysis, we learned about the requirement for the system.
The requirements are divided into two parts:
1.1.9. Useful requirement.

i. The inventory of essential resources delineates the necessary procedures to

effectively operate and fulfil the requirements of the user. The aforementioned
requirements are indicative of the system's intended functionality and are of
paramount importance for its efficacious operation. The subsequent aspects
encapsulate the fundamental prerequisites of the system:
ii. The process description provides a comprehensive account of the operational
mechanisms and components involved in the process, elucidating its fundamental
principles and procedures.
iii. The physical layout of the process is required to be described in detail,
encompassing the various components and their interconnections.
iv. The third aspect pertains to the mission critical evaluation, which involves a
thorough assessment of the system's objectives and aims to ascertain their
alignment with the mission.
v. The information flow description entails a comprehensive account of how data
moves through the system, encompassing the various inputs, processes, and
outputs involved.
vi. The present study aims to provide a concise and unambiguous description of the
security measures and alarm strategies that have been implemented to safeguard
the system.
vii. The process of defining and documenting the criteria utilised for testing and
evaluating the system's performance, as well as determining its compliance with
the specified requirements, is known as testing and acceptance criteria definition.

1.1.10. Non-Functional requirements

i. Non-functional supplies pertain to the supplementary characteristics that a system
must possess to effectively fulfil its intended objectives and provide value to the
organisation. The aforementioned stipulations do not prescribe the manner in
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 which the system ought to execute its principal operations, however, they do have
an effect on the comprehensive calibre and end-user encounter of the resolution.
The system's non-functional requirements encompass:
ii. Dependability is a crucial requirement for the system, as it necessitates reliability
and consistency in its performance.
iii. The usability of the system is a crucial factor that must be taken into consideration
during the design phase. It is imperative that the system is designed in a manner
that is intuitive and user-friendly, allowing for ease of navigation and use.
iv. The implementation of strong security protocols is imperative for safeguarding the
system against unauthorised access and potential data breaches.
3.3 Cost Analysis
The deployment of a SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system may incur
significant expenses and could potentially be impractical for enterprises categorised as small
to medium-sized. In order to alleviate these expenses, the implementation of a modified
SCADA system has the potential to decrease the expenses associated with software
components, rendering it a more viable alternative for smaller-scale industries..

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 Chapter 4

4.0 Project Management

7.5 Microsoft Project Professional is a software application that I utilise for the purpose
of overseeing and regulating my data. Effective project management involves the
organisation of all tasks. Assist in the completion of the project.
7.6
7.7 4.1 Outline
7.8 The key stages of a research project include selecting a topic, engaging in planning,
preparing a proposal, and collecting relevant information.
7.9 Chapter 1 serves as an introductory section to the topic at hand.
7.10 Introduction to the Project (1.1).
7.11 1.2. The rationale behind the study.
7.12 1.3. Aim.
7.13 1.4. The stated aims of the study.
7.14 The scope of the project.
7.15 The following section outlines the description of the problem.
7.16 Chapter 2 of this study comprises a literature review, which serves as an
introduction to the existing body of knowledge on the topic under investigation.
7.17 The configuration of SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)
systems.
7.18 The hardware and communication architecture is a crucial aspect to consider
in the design and implementation of a system.
7.19 The architecture of SCADA control systems.
7.20 2.2. Theoretical Framework: Communication Protocols.
7.21 2.2.1 Modbus.
7.22 2.2.2 DNP3.
7.23 2.2.3 IEC 60870-5.
7.24 2.2.4 Profibus.
7.25 2.2.5 The Foundation Fieldbus.
7.26 2.2.6 CANopen.
7.27 2.3. Summary.
7.28 Chapter 3: Examination and Interpretation of Data
7.29 3.1. Interview.
7.30 Section 3.2 pertains to the specifications of requirements.
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 7.31 The requirement in question is deemed to be useful.
7.32 3.2.2 Non-functional provisions.
7.33 Section 3.3 examines the cost analysis.
7.34 Chapter 4 explores the topic of design.
7.35 In this section, a comprehensive depiction of the system that has been
designed will be provided.
7.36 Chapter 5 focuses on the implementation and testing of the project.
7.37 The present study pertains to the design of a SCADA (Supervisory Control
and Data Acquisition) system.
7.38 Section 5.2 discusses the configuration of hardware.
7.39 The configuration of Programmable Logic Controllers.
7.40 The process of obtaining and managing data, as well as controlling the system,
is referred to as data acquisition and system control.
7.41 Chapter 6 delves into the topic of project management.
7.42 6.1. Outline.
7.43 The Gantt Chart is a tool used in project management to visually represent the
schedule of tasks and activities required to complete a project.
7.44 6.3 Milestone.
7.45 Chapter 7 pertains to the evaluation, conclusion, and references of the study.
7.46 7.1. Conclusion.
7.47 7.2. Acknowledgements.
7.48 The following section presents the abstract.
7.49 7.4 Suggestions for further action.
7.50 7.5. The references.

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 4.1 Gantt Chart

Figure 4: Gantt Chart

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 4.3 Milestone
Table 1: Milestone
Task Name Duration
Topic Selection 3 Days
Planning 2 Days
Proposal Preparation 2 Days
Information Collection 3 Days
Introduction 20 Days
Literature Review 24 Days
Analysis 11 Days
Design 7 Days
Implementation & Testing 17 Days
Project Management 7 Days
Evaluation & Conclusion 5 Days
References 2Days

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 Chapter 5

5.0 Design
The implementation and enlargement of a Guiding Switch and Data Gathering (SCADA)
system at ABC corporation entailed the utilisation of an environment for the purpose of
monitoring and controlling industrial processes. The Data Integration Controller server,
commonly known as IoT, has been demonstrated to be a highly efficient solution with the
capability of remote guidance, control, and data monitoring and logging. The system has
undergone successful testing. The aforementioned design methodology obviates the necessity
of investing in costly licenced SCADA software tools, while simultaneously offering a
commensurate level of performance as that of remunerative software. Research has indicated
that the utilisation of open-source code within Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
(SCADA) systems can result in effective real-time functionality, particularly when
implemented on the Linux operating system. Several studies have been conducted to
showcase the implementation of open-source code in SCADA systems. These studies include
the utilisation of OPC (Open Platform Communications) unified architecture and the creation
of an IoT-based SCADA system through a cost-effective solution involving an Arduino Uno
and Raspberry Pi connected to a MUN (Metropolitan Area Network). Numerous research
endeavours have been undertaken to enhance the cost-effectiveness of managerial oversight
and data acquisition systems, with the aim of improving their reliability and efficiency in the
context of industrial automation. Consistent with this, a sophisticated control system was
created utilising an IGSS application that was formulated within a specific environment, in
conjunction with a hardware interface. Industrial hardware and software have been
implemented in the industry to assess their efficacy and correlate it with remunerative
iterations of the same undertaking. In summary, it can be inferred that the forthcoming
trajectory of SCADA systems is inclined towards IoT-based systems that are economically
viable and inexpensive, predominantly constructed from open-source alternatives. According
to existing research, this particular approach offers a notably effective and dependable
solution for the purposes of monitoring and controlling industrial processes.

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 4.2 Description of Designed System
The SCADA (Supervisory-Control and Info Acquisition) system is a complex technological
solution designed to enable instantaneous monitoring and regulation of industrial processes
via an internet connection. The system's primary user interface is constructed within an IGSS
environment, providing the capability to manage and oversee the system via any mobile
device via the internet. The linkage between the SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition) system and the IoT (Internet of Things) cloud is safeguarded by end-to-end
encryption. The information retained in the IoT server can be retrieved via the internet by
utilising a pre-shared API (Application coding Interface) key and password.

The system allows for control actions to be executed from multiple devices and provides the
ability to monitor performance for various screens. The factual operational data is recorded in
the cloud-based server, and comprehensive reports can be produced upon solicitation. The
system's remote terminal unit is linked to the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) through
Modbus exchange over the channel. The PLC and SCA-DA computer are situated in the
same local network, connected via an ethernet cable to the router, and subsequently to the
Wide Area Network (WAN) for communication via the internet through Internet of Things
(IoT) devices.

Figure 5: The System

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A VFD (Variable Rate Drive) controls the machines' power supply, and the same VFD also
sends control signals to the machines. For information exchange, the RS-485 link offers a
safe and dependable route for communicating from the PLC and the VFD. A centralized and
comprehensive picture of the system's operating operations is provided by the primary
supervisory computer, which is outfitted with the SCADA system. The solution offers access
to remote oversight and control through the IoT server through the network interface offered
to the main computer in addition to local supervision and management of the industrial
process. As a result, the industrial process may be easily monitored and managed from any
point with internet connectivity. [21].

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 Chapter 6

6.0 Implementation & Testing

6.1 Introduction
The experimental setting was carried out at the ABC The organization's plant, and the results
are documented. The setup involved creating an optimized control system via a PLC
(Programmable Logic Controller) to make logical decisions for the system, which was then
overseen by a supervision control and data acquisition (SCADA) system created in the Visual
Studio IGSS environment. Infrared sensors were installed in the end procedure of machining
to identify things in the rolling components and gauge the tank's condition. The PLC
(Programmable Logic Processor) received the signals provided by the IR (Infrared) cameras
and used them to issue the required control signals based on the sensor condition. Push
buttons nearby or the monitoring and data acquisition (SCADA) interface on the main control
computers both provide access to the tank control. The supervisory control and data
acquisition, or SCADA, network and the pushbuttons are combined in the control logic in an
XOR (Exclusively-OR) fashion so that any controller section may quickly access the tank
operations [22].

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6.2 SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) System Design
The supervision control and data acquisition, or SCADA, system was developed using the
IGSS environment to get over the system's lower usability in small and medium-sized
businesses due to higher installation costs. To monitor and manage system properties, the
created software has the capacity to connect by ethernet to the parent PLC (Programmable
Logic Controller) in the local area network and to the IoT ( or Internet of Things) server via
internet protocol. The software can be extended in accordance with the system requirements
and is now being developed to operate and monitor tow barrels in the stations for verification
and testing purposes. The IoT (Internet if Things) server attached to this software enables
data collecting as well as remote system control from any internet-connected device.

In this picture, the transaction data of the tank is shown:

 Name of the tank
 Maximum storage limit
 High limit
 Low limit
 Units in percentage

You can change the name of the tank and change the maximum storage limit you can change
the height limit, the lowest limit and change the percentages for the tank and save them to the
application settings of the software.

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6.3 Hardware Configuration
The hardware was tested and the experimental setup was carried out at the ABC Company's
manufacturing facility. The arrangement consists of: Wireless Control Tank supervision.
 Conveyor Section; Fryer Section.
 Tank Management and Supervision.

6.4 Supervisory control and data acquisition Configuration

SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) was put in to connect the physical world
with inputs and outputs to the information acquisition system in order to ensure effective
interaction across field gadgets, local and stored in the cloud control devices, and immediate
form data and condition surveillance.

The inputs from the field sensors were sent to the SCADA system (Supervisory Control and
Data Acquisition) in order to obtain immediate data about the machined units, and the output
pins were utilised to deliver the operation command to the actuators in order to carry out the
required process. The tank and PC exchange information via the serial link, which is first
displayed ( the screen before being sent to the data-storage room to maintain accuracy.

6.5 Data acquisition and system control

This endeavour has been temporarily hosted on Firebase on Google for testing purposes for
the data purchase, visualisation, and manipulation of the infrastructure through the use of IoT
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(Internet of Things) hardware and servers. The API (Application Programme Interface) key
and passwords are used to encrypt the connection to the IoT (Internet of Things) server. Only
the server's data can be accessible using the pre-shared API (Application Programme
Interface) key and password, allowing for the necessary adjustments to be performed in the
operation. For faster and more secure system operation, the IoT (Internet for Things) server
might be placed on its web server.

Chapter 7

Evaluation, Conclusion & References

7.0Conclusion
We were able to assess the effectiveness of the economical SCADA (supervision, control,
and data acquisition) network in the ABC company's milling and roller unit using the IGSS
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environment. The system was added to the industry's already-running unit by adding: 1. IR
(Infrared) sensor to track the movement of materials inside the roller.
ii. Materials in the mixers unit are detected using ultrasonic sensors.
iii. Logic controls using a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller).
iv. The Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) interface to track and manage
every step of the plant's operation.
In addition, protection tools, overloaded relays that are contactors, add-in blocks of data,
fuses, etc. provided the essential electrical safety. The arrangement incorporates internet-
based wireless monitoring and control of the plant's operations, and the operations are made
visible for viewing and controlling via a PC application and a web interface.
In contrast to commercial products, this can be simply adopted in small- and medium-sized
businesses, isolated microgrid systems, and hybrid microgrid systems.
The new technology of supervision control and data acquisition, or SCADA, is being
implemented for all types of electricity generation after generation, distribution, and
transmission industries, and all forms of process monitoring purposes. Cloud-based
management systems are further developing in this area for the moved monitoring and
control of procedures from the supervisory level. As a result, fewer workers are needed,
decision-making takes less time, system activities can be easily planned, and the system
process is properly visualised.
We used a low-cost Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA), system developed
in the IGSS environment and successfully tested in the procedure monitoring and control of
ABC company because commercial a SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)
goods on the market are costly and exceed the budget for small and medium industries. The
system's testing has shown that we can operate the industry in a completely automated and
monitored environment while also lowering the investment costs associated with buying
software for monitoring the industrial process. The implemented product has a great deal of
room for improvement and can be utilised in business sectors to lower production costs by
boosting machine utilization and reducing the need for labour, as well as to improve product
quality by closely monitoring the process.
In order to create a SCADA, or Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition, system and
hardware for the surveillance and oversight of the entire industry, the results achieved can
also be applied for commercial and educational reasons. The user interface can be made
easier to use so that it is possible to navigate directly from the webpage, and the Short
Message Service (SMS) warnings can also be delivered to system administrators in order to
facilitate and grow the service.

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 7.1 Recommendations
The energy industry has recognised energy storage as a critical component in enhancing
power quality and minimising power production costs during peak hours. The successful
management of energy storage necessitates a sturdy and effective Supervisory Control and
Data Acquisition (SCADA) system.
Within the smart grid domain, there exists a requirement for cost-effective Supervisory
Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems capable of overseeing and regulating power
converters that are connected to energy storage systems. A research endeavour is currently in
progress with the objective of creating an economical SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition) system to oversee the functions of the ABC industry, in order to bridge the
aforementioned disparity.
The attainment of this objective is being accomplished by means of four primary sub-
objectives, namely: (1) the identification of the crucial characteristics of SCADA systems, (2)
the comparison of SCADA options that are currently available at a low cost, (3) the creation
of a low-cost SCADA system that encompasses these vital features, and (4) the regulation of
an inverter that is linked to an energy storage system to optimise profits.
Through the attainment of these sub-objectives, the researchers aim to make a valuable
contribution to the expansion and progress of the energy sector by offering an economical yet
efficient approach to overseeing and regulating energy storage systems.

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 7.2 References
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