SEGI UNIVERSITY 5/10

ECV3123/ EQS 3113 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

NAME: PAULO VICENTE MARIO DOS REIS FREITAS

COURSE: ECV3123 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

DATE: 11 MARCH 2022

EXPERIMENT: TENSILE TEST

Objective:

To determine the yield stress, tensile stress, Young Modulus and behaviour of a mild steel bar
when subjected to an axial tensile load.

Apparatus:

1. Tensile Test Machine

2. Specimen
3. Measurement apparatus such as ruler, caliper, divider, etc.

Method:

1. Measure the diameter of the specimen at various places and calculate the average.
2. Mark the specimen at 10mm interval along its length.
3. Punch 2 marks on the specimen using the puncher provided.
4. Fix the specimen to the machine by pushing the top grip upwards and inserting the
specimen into the bottom grip. Lower the top grip so that the specimen top of the
specimen is in grip.
5. Fix the extensometer to the specimen. Make sure that the screw pins are in the 2 marks.
6. Prepare the table to record the dial gauge readings.
7. Fix the graph paper to the plotter according to the procedures listed in Appendix 1.
8. 'ON' the machine using the power switch.
9. Press the motor switch to position A.
10. When the reading is about 0.5 kN to 1 kN, stop the machine. This is the preload to take up
all the loose fittings in the machine.
11. Zero the readings of the dial gauge and the load indicator.
12. Turn the motor switch to position A.
13. Record the readings of the load cell, the extensometer and the dial gauge.
14. When the extensometer reading starts to increase at a fast rate, remove the extensometer
and continue the experiment using the dial gauge only. Continue recording until the
specimen breaks.
15. Switch off the motor by pressing the motor switch position to O.
16. Remove the specimen from the grips and join back the specimen.
17. Measure the final length (distance between 5 markings with the break at the centre mark)
and diameter at the broken section.
18. Press the motor switch to position M to return the crosshead to the original position.

Results:

Table 1: Specimen Properties

Specimen Mild Steel Aluminum

Before After Before After

Specimen 6 4.26 6 4.32

diameter (mm)

Cross sectional 28.26 14.25 28.6 14.66

area (mm2)

Gauge length 10 132.13 10 134.35

(mm)
1m

Table 2: Load versus elongation of samples

Steel Aluminum
Stress-strain Table?
Load Cell Dial Gauge Load Cell Dial Gauge
Readings (N) Readings Readings Readings
(Div x 0.001) (N) (Div x 0.001)
mm mm
0 0 0 0.01
10 0.01 5 0.03
30 0.02 10 0.06
99 0.12 20 0.13
104 0.14 15 0.17
213 0.22 69 4.21
312 0.25 144 4.17
402 0.27 213 4.23
506 0.28 288 4.59
625 0.29 303 4.6
724 0.29 327 4.62
813 0.31 397 4.78
 923 0.33 402 4.79
1037 0.35 516 5.03
2009 0.47 521 5.04
3006 0.57 600 5.11
4176 0.68 605 5.12
5148 0.77 704 5.19
6190 0.88 804 5.23
7058 0.97 873 5.25
8144 1.08 952 5.28
9022 1.16 1056 5.31
10153 1.27 2014 5.54
11041 1.36 3080 5.72
12097 1.47 4122 5.89
13154 1.58 5099 6.07
14170 1.7 6006 6.46
15113 1.82 6443 7.88
16030 2.2 6478 8.31
16140 2.38 6468 8.35
16090 2.57 6036 8.89
15807 2.74 5972 8.94
14815 3.01 5084 9.41
-283 7.95 4955 9.46
35 12.53

Determination of the Young Modulus (Elastic Modulus)

1. From the load and extensometer readings above plot the graph of load verses extension
(use only the first 2/3 of the data).

2. Determine the slope of the graph and the point where the graph starts to be non-linear.

3. From the slope of the graph, calculate the modulus as follows:

Elastic Modulus = Stress

Strain

Stress = Load
 Cross sectional area

Strain = Elongation
Gauge Length

Therefore, Elastic Modulus = Load X Gauge Length

Cross sectional area Elongation

Elastic Modulus = Slope of Graph X Gauge Length

Cross sectional area

Calculate Reduction in Area

Percentage reduction in area = Original area - area at breakage

Original area

Calculate the Percentage of Elongation

Percentage Elongation = Gauge length at breakage - Original gauge length

(For gauge length of 50 mm) Original gauge length

Determine the Yield Strength

1. The yield strength is taken at the limit of proportionality.

2. Determine the position where the graph deviates from the linear path.
3. Read the load corresponding to this point.
4. Calculate the yield strength as follows:

Yield Strength = Load at the limit of proportionality

Original area

Study the Behaviour Of The Mild Steel

1. Draw the graph of load verses extension using the dial gauge readings.
2. Mark the yield point, point of maximum load and break point.
3. Calculate the tensile strength as follows:

Tensile strength = Maximum Load

Original area

Discussion: taken 2m
1- The diameter and length of the mild steel was taking from the segi data given in
before and in after data was taking from the lab session practice in segi.
2- The diameter and length of the aluminium was taking from the segi data given in
before and in after data was taking from the lab session practice in segi.
The stress strain for both specimen was that the steel has higher tensile than aluminium.

Conclusion: length
In conclusion, the diameter, area and leght for mild steel and aluminium in before was
same value but different value in after. Steel has a higher tensile stress-strain compared to
aluminum when an unaxial tensile load of opposite directions is produced on the materials.
When it is stretched it goes through elongation and eventually breaks.
1m