Mass-spring system L: the length of the spring. m: Mass of the body. x(t) : displacement of body. c: damping constant. k : spring constant. F(t) : External force. Px dx @x cdzx k F(t) mae ae T= PO Gat dt tm am Free, Undamped Oscillations of a Spring F(t) = 0 and c= 0. Prk we + me =0. Free, Damped Motion of a Mass F(t) = 0 x cdx k dt?“ mdt =mMass-spring system Case-1 if c? > 4mk, The motion is said to be over critically damped (simply over damped). Case-2 if c? = 4mk, The motion is said to be critically damped. Case-3 if c? < 4mk, The motion is said to be under damped. Forced Oscillations Case-1 Damped Forced Oscillations @x cdr k F(t) dt mdt | m™ m Case-2 Undamped Forced Oscillations: ResonanceApplications of system of DE (Mass-spring system) Example A spring for which stiffness k = 700 N/m hangs in a vertical position with its upper end fixed. A mass of 7 kg is attached to the lower end. After coming to rest, the mass is pulled down 0.05m and released. Discuss the resulting motion of the mass, neglecting air resistance. Answer Given m = 7,k = 700. e+ ky=0 = £24 100r=0 m 1 is 1 x=c — } el + oy _ den toie 10% —10i 1 1 x= o2s/ 10; ) elit + 0.25 ( 10: ) eo tit o.oe} ory 10Applications of system of DE (Mass-spring system) Example A spring for which stiffness k = 700 N/m hangs in a vertical position with its upper end fixed. A mass of 7 kg is attached to the lower end. After coming to rest, the mass is pulled down 0.05m and released. Discuss the resulting motion of the mass, neglecting air resistance. Answer Given m = 7,k = 700. e+ ky=0 = £24 100r=0 m x=c 1 — } el + oy 1 eo lit 10% —10% 1 1 x = 0.25 | et + 0.25 | en 10 10% —10i Question An 8 |b weight is placed at one end of a spring suspended from the ceiling. Assuming the spring constant 12 Ib/ft., find the equation of the equation of motion, displacement function x(t).Applications of system of DE (Mixing problem) 2 gal/min 2 gal/min Cc —Applications of system of DE (Mixing problem) 2 gal/min 2 gal/min Cc — Inflow (Outflow) is the product of the inflow (Outflow) concentration of salt and the inflow (Outflow) rate of fluid.Applications of system of DE (Mixing problem) 2 gal/min 2 gal/min Cc — Inflow (Outflow) is the product of the inflow (Outflow) concentration of salt and the inflow (Outflow) rate of fluid. yj =Inflow/min — Outflow/min.Applications of system of DE (Mixing problem) 2 gal/min 2 gal/min Cc — Inflow (Outflow) is the product of the inflow (Outflow) concentration of salt and the inflow (Outflow) rate of fluid. yj =Inflow/min — Outflow/min. Example Two tanks T, and T) each contain 100 gal of water each. In T) the water is pure, whereas 150 Ib of fertilizer are dissolved in Tp. By circulating liquid at a rate of 2 gal/min and stirring (to keep the mixture uniform) the amounts of fertilizer yi(t) in T; and yo(t) in Tz change with time t. How long should we let the liquid circulate, so that J; will contain at least half as much fertilizer as there will be left in T>?Applications of system of DE (Mixing problem) Answer y', =Inflow/min — Outflow/min. Inflow (Outflow) is the product of the inflow (Outflow) concentration of salt and the inflow (Outflow) rate of fluid. W=2x% —2x iho v= 2% By 2 T05 conditions: (0) = 0 and y2(0) = 150. Eigenvalues \ = 0, -#(= —0.04). 1 1 yea(!)+o( 1, Jew 1 1 =75 _75 —0.04t v=n(;)-»(1)-Vibrating system of two masses on two springs equilibrium position mg —ks =0 motionVibrating system of two masses on two springs equilibrium position mg —ks =0 motionVibrating system of two masses on two springs m1, Mz : Masses. ky, kg : Spring constants. yxy 1,22 displacements of the masses from the equilibrium position. Ky(xy — 4) kolag— a)Vibrating system of two masses on two springs kas fo 44) kolag— a) m1, Mz : Masses. ky, kg : Spring constants. 1,22 displacements of the masses from the equilibrium position. Newton's second law force=Sum of the Hooke’s forces. may (t) = —hyx1(t) + ko[xa(t) — 2i(t)]Vibrating system of two masses on two springs kas ‘ a - a fo 44) 82 kala —)) 1g m1, Mz : Masses. ky, kg : Spring constants. 1,22 displacements of the masses from the equilibrium position. Newton's second law force=Sum of the Hooke’s forces. may (t) = —hyx1(t) + ko[xa(t) — 2i(t)] mgx9(t) = —kg[x2(t) — 21(t)]Vibrating system of two masses on two springs Three springs with three masses myo; (t) = —kyaa(t) + kelra(t) — 21(t)] mgary(t) = —ko[w2(t) — x1(¢)] + ks[xa(t) — xa(¢)] mgxy(t) = —kg[xa(t) — x2(t)]Vibrating system of two masses on two springs Rk (y,=0)5 m,=1 Y1 ky=2 (y= 0)7 my=1 Ye System in static equilibriumVibrating system of two masses on two springs Question Find k,=3 the displacement: of the vibrating a system of two (y, =0)5 m,=1 1 masses on two 1 _ springs. ky=2 (Net change in spring length (y)=0)- m=1 ~— = 9279) V2 Ye System in ~ al . static System in motion equilibriumVibrating system of two masses on two springs Question Find k,=3 the displacement: of the vibrating (y, =0)5 m,=1 a system of two 1 masses on two a a springs. k=2 (Net change in Answer spring length " (t) = (y,=0)5 m=l +— =I2-9)) a(t) = y —321 + 2(22— 2) 2 ” Ye x(t) = System in | —2(x2 — 2) static System in motion equilibriumVibrating system of two masses on two springs x= Ax wiwre a= | 2 Jee [2] —2 xVibrating system of two masses on two springs x” = Ax, where A = “5 2 ,x= 71 2 -2 x \=-1,-6.Vibrating system of two masses on two springs x” = Ax, where A = “5 2 ,x= 71 2 -2 \=-1,-6. The eigenvectors are | ; and 2Vibrating system of two masses on two springs x” = Ax, where A = “5 2 ,x= 71 2 -2 x A=-1,-6. . 1 2 The eigenvectors are | 2 and 1 (2) -[2 S](2)-(Ca)Vibrating system of two masses on two springs x” = Ax, where A = 2 ,x= 7 2 -2 ar A=-1,-6. . 1 2 The eigenvectors are | 2 and 1 (n) -[2 S](2)-(Ca) ym \_ a, cost + bj sint Y2 a cos V6t + by sin V6Vibrating system of two masses on two springs x” = Ax, where A = “5 2 ,x= 7 2 -2 x A=-1,-6. . 1 2 The eigenvectors are | 2 and (2) [8 SIC) Yo 0 -6}\ —by2 ) nm \_ a, cost + b; sint (” ) — ( oe) x= ( 1 ) ossost hse) « ‘ ) exc VBE sin Vi 2Alo echo layman ecesel a alae V1K LAA Example Find the displacements of the vibrating system of three masses on four springs. If m1 = m2 = m3 = 1 and ky = ky = 2 and kp = kg = 1. ky ko keg ky =U A A my mg m3Alo echo layman ecesel a alae V1K LAA Example Find the displacements of the vibrating system of three masses on four springs. If m1 = m2 = m3 = 1 and ky = ky = 2 and kp = kg = 1. ky ko keg ky =U A A my mg m3 xy (t) = —201 + (a — 21) = —3a1 + 29 9(t) = —(x2 — a1) + (w3 — v2) = 21 — 2x2 +23 3 (t) = —(x3 — a2) — 2ng = x2 — 3:rgAlo echo layman ecesel a alae V1K LAA Example Find the displacements of the vibrating system of three masses on four springs. If m1 = m2 = m3 = 1 and ky = ky = 2 and kp = kg = 1. ky ko keg ky =U A A my mg m3 xy (t) = —201 + (a — 21) = —3a41 + 22 9(t) = —(x2 — a1) + (#3 — 2) = 21 — 2x2 +23 3 (t) = —(x3 — a2) — 2ng = x2 — 3:rg N= 1,3,4.Application of system of Non-homogeneous differential relUla(olary Example A 1 kg mass is suspended from a spring having a spring constant 6N/m. Assume that the damping force 5v is acting on the spring . Discuss the resulting motion of the mass, if 10N force acting on the body. Solution a” + 5a’ + 6a = 10 so system is © = £2 ry = —6x; — 522 + 10 (2)-(6 2)()Gi):