Chapter wise Theoretical Important Questions in Physics for Class-XII

Electrostatics

1. Derive an expression for the electric field at a point on the axial position of an electric
dipole.

2. Derive an expression for the electric field at a point on the equatorial position of an
electric dipole.

3. Derive an expression for the energy stored in a capacitor. Show that whenever two
conductors share charges by bringing them into electrical contact, there is a loss of
energy.

4. Derive an expression for the effective capacitance when capacitors are connected in
(a) series and (b) parallel

5. Explain the principle of a capacitor and derive an expression for the capacitance of a
parallel plate capacitor.

6. State Gauss theorem and apply it to find the electric field at a point due to (a) a line of
charge (b) A plane sheet of charge (c) A Charged spherical conducting shell

7. State Coulomb's law and express it in vector form. Derive it using Gauss theorem.

8. Derive an expression for the torque on an electric dipole in a uniform electric field.
CONFIDENTIAL

9. Derive an expression for the work done in rotating an electric dipole in a uniform
electric field

10.Derive an expression for the energy stored (Potential Energy) in a dipole in a uniform
electric field.

11.Derive an expression for the electrostatic potential energy of a system of point charges

12.Derive an expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with (a) a
dielectric slab (b) a metallic plate in between the plates of the capacitor.

13.Define electric potential at a point. Derive an expression for the electric potential at a
point due to (a) a point charge (b) a system of point charges (c) a dipole.

Chapter wise Theoretical Important Questions in Physics for Class-XII

Current Electricity

1. Define drift velocity and derive an expression for it.

2. Derive the expression I=nAevd

3. Deduce Ohm's law from elementary ideas and hence write an expression for resistance
and resistivity.

4. Derive an expression for conductivity in terms of mobility

5. Explain the color coding of carbon resistors.

6. Derive an expression for the current in a circuit with external resistance R when (a) n
identical cells of emf E and internal resistance r are connected in series (b) m identical
cells are connected in parallel
7. State and explain Kirchhoff’s laws.

8. State and explain the principle of Wheat Stone's principle. Deduce it using
Kirchhoff’s laws.

9. Explain the principle of a potentiometer. Describe how will you determine (a) the
ratio of emfs of two primary cells using potentiometer. (b) The internal resistance of a
primary cell using potentiometer.

10.Explain the variation of resistance and resistivity with temperature and hence define
temperature coefficient of resistance and resistivity.

Chapter wise Theoretical Important Questions in Physics for Class-XII

Magnetic Effect of Current

1. State Biot- Savart’s law and apply it to find the magnetic field due to a circular loop
carrying current at a point (a) at its centre (b) on the axis

2. State Ampere's circuital law and apply it to find the magnetic field (a) inside a current
carrying solenoid (b) inside a current carrying toroid

3. Apply Ampere's circuital law to determine the magnetic field at a point due to a long
CONFIDENTIAL

straight current carrying conductor.

4. Derive an expression for the force on a current carrying conductor in a uniform

5. Derive an expression for the force between long straight conductors carrying current
and hence define 1 ampere.

6. Derive an expression for the torque on a current carrying loop in a uniform magnetic
field.

7. Describe the principle construction and working of a Moving coil galvanometer.

8. Describe the conversion of a moving coil galvanometer into (a) Ammeter (b)
Voltmeter

9. What is radial magnetic field? What is its importance in a moving coil galvanometer?
How is a radial magnetic field realized in moving coil galvanometers?

10.Describe the motion of a charged particle in a magnetic field when it enters the field
(a) perpendicular to the field lines (b) obliquely making and angle Θ with the field
lines

11.Derive an expression for the magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron and
hence define Bohr magneton.
 Chapter wise Theoretical Important Questions in Physics for Class-XII

Electromagnetic Induction (EMI)

1. State and Explain Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction.

2. State Lenz' Law and show that it is in accordance with the law of conservation of
energy.

3. Use Lenz' law to find the direction of induced emf in a coil when (a) a north pole is
brought towards the coil (b) north pole taken away from the coil (c) A south pole is
brought towards the coil and (d) a south pole is taken away from the coil,
Draw illustrations in each case.

4. What is motional emf. Deduce an expression for it. State Fleming's right hand rule to
find the direction of induced emf. CONFIDENTIAL

5. What are eddy currents? Describe the applications of eddy currents.

6. Explain the working of (a) Electromagnetic Brakes (b) Induction Furnace

7. Which physical quantity is called the INERTIA OF ELECTRICITY? Why is its called
so?
8. Define self induction and self inductance. What is its unit? Write its dimensions.

9. Derive an expression for the self inductance of a long solenoid.

10.Explain the phenomenon of mutual induction and define mutual inductance. Write the
unit and dimensions of mutual inductance.

11.What are the factors affecting mutual inductance of a pair of coils? Define coefficient
of coupling.

12.Describe the various methods of producing induced emf. Derive an expression for the
instantaneous emf induced in a coil rotated in a magnetic field.
 Chapter wise Theoretical Important Questions in Physics for Class-XII

Alternating Current
1. Describe the principle construction and working of an AC generator. Draw neat
labeled diagram

2. Define RMS value of AC and derive an expression for it.

3. Show that the average value of AC over a complete cycle is zero.

4. Show that the current and voltage are in phase in an ac circuit containing resistance
only.

5. Deduce the phase relationship between current and voltage in an ac circuit containing
inductor only. CONFIDENTIAL

6. Deduce the phase relationship between current and voltage in an ac circuit containing
capacitor only.

7. Draw the phasor diagram showing voltage and current in LCR series circuit and
derive an expression for the impedance

8. What do you mean by resonance in Series LCR circuit? Derive an expression for the
frequency of resonance in LCR circuit.

9. Describe the mechanism of electromagnetic oscillations in LC circuit and write

10.Derive an expression for the average power in an ac circuit.

11.Describe the principle construction theory and working of a transformer.

12.Describe the various losses in a transformer and explain how the losses can be
minimized.

Chapter wise Theoretical Important Questions in Physics for Class-XII

Electromagnetic Waves
1. Write the properties of electromagnetic waves.

2. Write electromagnetic waves in the order of decreasing frequency and write any two
properties and uses of each.
3. Uses of em waves
 Chapter wise Theoretical Important Questions in Physics for Class-XII
Ray-Optics
1. Derive an expression for lateral shift and normal shift. On what factors these depend.

2. Define TIR and write the conditions for TIR. Derive a relation between critical angle
and the refractive index of the medium. Also explain the working of isosceles prism
and optical fiber.

3. Derive the following relation for a real image formed by a convex refracting surface
when the object is placed in rarer medium. Also write the assumptions and sign
convention used.
2  1  21
v u R
5. Derive the lens maker’s formula. Also write the assumptions and sign convention
used.
6. Derive the lens formula for convex lens and concave lens.
7. Derive the relation for equivalent focal length or power when two thin lenses are
placed in contact to each other. In which condition the lens combination will act as a
plane glass sheet. CONFIDENTIAL
8. Derive the following relations for a prism-
(i) i  e  A  

(ii) (1)A
(A  )
sin m

2
(iii)  
sin A / 2

10.Draw a ray diagram to show the image formation in refracting type astronomical
telescope in the near point adjustment (when image is formed at LDDV i.e. D=25cm).
Derive an expression for its magnifying power. Why the diameter of objective of
telescope should be large.

11.Draw a ray diagram to show the image formation in refracting type astronomical
telescope in the normal adjustment (when image is formed at infinity). Derive an
expression for its magnifying power. How does the magnifying power get affected on
increasing the aperture of the objective lens and why?

12.Draw a ray diagram to show the image formation a compound microscope. Explain
briefly the working. Derive an expression for its magnifying power. Why the diameter
of objective of microscope should be small.

13.Draw a labeled diagram of a reflecting type telescope. State two advantages of this
telescope over refracting type telescope.
 Chapter wise Theoretical Important Questions in Physics for Class-XII

Wave-Optics-
1. Define wave front. State Huygens principle and verify Snell’s law.

2. State Huygens principle and prove the laws of reflection on the basis of wave
theory.

3. What do you mean by interference of light? Explain in brief the Young ’s double
slit experiment. CONFIDENTIAL

4. What are the coherent sources? Write the conditions for the sustained interference
pattern. Also draw the intensity v/s path difference curve.

5. Find the conditions for constructive and destructive interference. How does the
intensity depend on the width of slit?

6. Find the expression for the fringe width. What is the effect on the fringe width if
the whole apparatus (YDSE) is completely immersed in a liquid of refractive index
μ?

7. What do you mean by diffraction of light and state the condition for the
diffraction? Obtain the conditions for secondary maxima and minima. Also draw
the intensity distribution curve.

8. Prove that the width of central maxima is twice the width of the secondary
maxima. How does the width of central maxima depend on the width of the slit?
 Chapter wise Theoretical Important Questions in Physics for Class-XII

Dual Nature of Radiation

3. Explain Einstein's photoelectric equation and explain the laws of photoelectric

5. Draw various graphs of photoelectric effect.

Semiconductor Devices
1. Distinguish between conductors, insulators and semiconductors on the basis of
energy bands.

2. What are extrinsic semiconductors? Mention its types and explain the mechanism
of conduction in each.

3. Explain the formation of depletion layer and potential barrier in a PN junction

4. Draw the circuit diagram used to determine the VI characteristics of a diode and
draw the forward and reverse bias characteristics of a diode. Explain the
conclusions drawn from the graph.

5. With the help of a labeled circuit diagram explain the working of half wave
rectifier & full wave rectifier and draw the input and output waveforms.

6. Write notes on LED, photodiode and solar cell.