1q

methodology of hazard identification , risk assessment and control measures

1. Hazard Identification: The first step is to identify potential hazards or sources of harm that
could cause injury, illness, or damage to people, property, or the environment. This can be
done through various methods, including:
● Observations and inspections
● Review of incident reports
● Analysis of equipment and processes
● Consultation with employees, contractors, and stakeholders
● Review of industry standards, regulations, and best practices
 2. Risk Assessment: Once hazards have been identified, the next step is to assess the risk
associated with each hazard. This involves evaluating the likelihood and consequences of
the hazard occurring and determining the level of risk posed. This can be done using various
tools, including:
● Risk matrices
● Fault tree analysis
● Hazard and operability studies (HAZOP)

3. Control Measures: The final step is to implement control measures to eliminate or minimize
the risk associated with the identified hazards. This involves:
● Identifying and evaluating various control measures that can be used to mitigate the risk,
such as engineering controls, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment
(PPE).
● Selecting the most appropriate control measures based on their effectiveness, feasibility,
and cost-effectiveness.
● Implementing the selected control measures and monitoring their effectiveness over time.

2q

Steps to prevent accidents

1) Industrial accidents: Industrial accidents are incidents that occur in the workplace,
resulting in injury or damage to property or equipment. These accidents can occur due
to various reasons, such as inadequate training, improper use of equipment, lack of
safety measures, and human error.

2) Accident prevention: Accident prevention refers to the measures taken to reduce the
likelihood of accidents occurring in the workplace. This involves identifying potential
hazards, implementing safety measures, providing training and education to employees,
and regularly monitoring and evaluating the workplace.

3) Accident prevention of the three Es:

1. Engineering: This involves designing and implementing safety controls into the work
environment. Examples include installing safety guards on machinery, using non-slip
flooring, and incorporating emergency stop buttons.
2. Education: This involves educating employees on the hazards and risks associated
with their work environment, as well as training them on proper safety procedures and
the use of safety equipment.

3. Enforcement: This involves enforcing safety policies and procedures, as well as

holding employees accountable for following them. Examples include conducting
regular safety inspections, enforcing PPE requirements, and disciplining employees who
violate safety policies.

4) Steps in accident prevention: The following steps can be taken to prevent accidents
in the workplace:

- Conducting a thorough hazard assessment and identifying potential hazards

- Implementing engineering controls such as machine guards, physical barriers, and
warning systems
- Providing employees with adequate training on safe work practices and equipment use
- Enforcing safety policies and procedures
- Regularly monitoring and evaluating the workplace for potential hazards and making
necessary improvements
- Conducting regular safety drills and meetings to reinforce safe behaviors and make
employees aware of potential hazards
- Investigating accidents and near-misses to identify root causes and prevent future
incidents

5) Monitoring: Monitoring the workplace regularly is essential in accident prevention.

This involves conducting regular inspections and audits to identify potential hazards
and areas for improvement. Accidents and near-misses should be reported and
analyzed to identify root causes and prevent future incidents. Regular monitoring and
evaluation can ensure that safety measures are up to date and effective in preventing
accidents.

3q HAZOP
A HAZOP, which stands for Hazard and Operability Study, is a systematic and structured
approach to identifying potential hazards and operability problems in industrial
processes, systems, and equipment. The HAZOP process involves a team of experts
who systematically examine each part of a process, system, or equipment, and consider
deviations from the design intent that could lead to hazardous situations or impair its
operability.

The HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Study) process is a systematic and structured
approach used to identify potential hazards and operability problems in industrial
projects, systems, and subsystems. The following is a step-by-step explanation of the
HAZOP process:

1. Project/ System/Subsystem Selection: The first step in the HAZOP process is to

select the project, system, or subsystem to be studied. This can be a new or existing
process, system, or equipment.

2. Identify Nodes: Next, the system or equipment is divided into smaller parts or nodes.
These nodes represent specific sections or components of the process or system.
3. Select Parameters: For each node, a set of design parameters or operational
conditions is identified. These parameters include variables such as pressure,
temperature, flow rate, and chemical concentrations.

4. Define Possible Deviations: Using a set of guide words, the team identifies possible
deviations from the design intent. For example, the guide word "no" can prompt the
team to consider what would happen if a particular component was missing or not
present in the system.

5. Identify All Possible Causes: For each deviation, the team identifies all the possible
causes that could lead to the deviation. This involves examining the design of the
system or process, as well as the operational procedures and environmental factors
that may contribute to the deviation.

6. Assess All Possible Consequences: The team then assesses the potential
consequences of each deviation, including any potential hazards or risks to people, the
environment, or the business. This involves considering the likelihood and severity of
the consequences, as well as the potential impact on the system or process as a whole.

7. Identify Existing Safeguards: The team identifies any existing safeguards or control
measures that are in place to prevent or mitigate the potential deviation. This includes
reviewing the design of the system or process, as well as the procedures and policies in
place to ensure safe and effective operation.

8. Propose Corrective Measures: Based on the risk assessment, the team proposes
corrective measures to eliminate or mitigate the potential hazard or operability problem.
These may include changes to the design of the system or process, modifications to
operating procedures or policies, or the implementation of additional safeguards or
control measures.

To identify the worst-case scenario, the following steps can be taken:

1. Identify the potential hazards and risks associated with the system or process
being analyzed.
2. Consider the possible consequences of each hazard or risk, including both the
likelihood and severity of the outcome.
 3. Determine the worst-case scenario by identifying the most severe consequence
that could result from the hazard or risk.
4. Consider the potential for cascading or domino effects that could exacerbate the
impact of the worst-case scenario.
5. Evaluate the likelihood of the worst-case scenario occurring and assess the
potential impact on personnel, the environment, property, and the organization's
reputation.
6. Develop risk management strategies to prevent, mitigate, or respond to the
worst-case scenario.

4qs

Developing a new safety standard or revising an existing standard typically involves a

rigorous process to ensure that the standard is comprehensive, practical, and effective.
The following steps outline the process of developing a new safety standard or revising
an existing standard:

1. Outline and work plan preparation: The first step is the preparation of an outline and
work plan by the Secretariat. This outline will serve as a guide for the safety standards
committees and the CSS to ensure that the standard is developed efficiently and
effectively.
2. Secretariat and consultants: After the outline and work plan are prepared, the
Secretariat and consultants will draft the new safety standard or revise the existing one.
This step involves a thorough review of existing safety standards, relevant legislation,
and best practices.

3. Review by safety standards committee(s): Once the draft safety standard is

complete, it will be reviewed by one or more safety standards committees. These
committees consist of experts in the relevant field, who will provide feedback on the
practicality, effectiveness, and feasibility of the standard.

4. Draft member status: The safety standards committees will provide feedback on the
draft safety standard, and the Secretariat will make revisions as necessary. The revised
draft will then be distributed to the members for comment.

5. Final draft: After the comments from the members have been incorporated, a final
draft will be prepared. This final draft will be reviewed by the safety standards
committees to ensure that all comments have been addressed and that the standard is
complete.

6. Endorsement by the CSS: The final step is the endorsement of the safety standard by
the CSS. The CSS will review the final draft to ensure that it is consistent with the
objectives and policies of the organization. If the standard is approved, it will be
published and made available to the public.

Overall, the development or revision of a safety standard is a complex process that

involves the input of various stakeholders. This ensures that the standard is practical,
effective, and feasible, and ultimately contributes to a safer and more secure
environment.

5th q
6th q

Identify the Areas the Audit Will Cover:

1. Physical environment

2. Hazard identification

3. Emergency response

4. Occupational health and safety policies and procedures

5. Safety training and communication processes

6. Safety equipment and personal protective equipment (PPE)

7. Incident reporting
Who Will Conduct the Audit:

The audit can be conducted by an internal audit team or by an external auditor who is
independent and qualified to perform the audit. The audit team should include
personnel with the necessary skills and expertise in occupational health and safety.

Hazard Identification:

The audit should assess the effectiveness of the organization's hazard identification
and risk assessment procedures. This involves evaluating whether the organization has
identified all potential hazards and whether the risk assessment process is thorough
and effective.

Policies and Procedures Meet Requirements:

The audit should assess whether the organization's policies and procedures meet legal
requirements and industry standards for occupational health and safety. This includes
reviewing the policies and procedures for clarity, completeness, and effectiveness in
preventing workplace hazards and incidents.

Reporting Audit Results:

The audit results should be reported to senior management, who should be responsible
for implementing the recommendations and corrective actions identified in the audit
report.

Implement Work Health and Safety Procedures:

The audit should assess whether the organization has implemented and maintained
appropriate work health and safety procedures. This includes evaluating whether the
procedures are followed by employees, and whether they are effective in controlling
workplace hazards and risks.

Safety Training for Internal Managers:

The audit should assess whether internal managers have received adequate safety
training to enable them to effectively manage and control workplace hazards and risks.
The audit should also evaluate whether the training is current and relevant to the
organization's operations.
7th q

Yes, safety consciousness in industry is essential. It is critical for ensuring the safety
and well-being of employees and the public, as well as for protecting equipment and
property. Safety consciousness involves a mindset and culture of prioritizing safety in
all activities and decisions.

A safety-conscious workplace culture can help to prevent accidents, injuries, and

illnesses by ensuring that safety is integrated into all aspects of work activities. This
includes safety training and education, hazard identification and risk assessment, safety
procedures and policies, and safety equipment and personal protective equipment
(PPE). It also involves promoting safety awareness and encouraging employees to
report safety concerns and hazards.
In addition to preventing injuries and accidents, safety consciousness can also improve
productivity, reduce downtime and absenteeism due to injuries, and enhance the
reputation of the organization. Safety consciousness can also help organizations to
comply with safety regulations and standards, and avoid fines and legal liabilities
associated with safety violations.

Overall, safety consciousness is essential for promoting a safe and healthy workplace
and protecting the well-being of employees and the public. It is also critical for ensuring
the sustainability and success of an organization.

8th q
- Improved productivity through less sickness absence: By prioritizing safety and
preventing workplace accidents and injuries, employees are less likely to miss work due
to illness or injury, leading to increased productivity and efficiency.
- Cutting healthcare costs: A good safety program can help to reduce healthcare costs
associated with workplace accidents and injuries, as well as prevent the need for
ongoing medical treatment for chronic conditions caused by workplace hazards.
- Keeping older workers in employment: By providing a safe and healthy workplace,
organizations can help to retain older workers who may be at higher risk for workplace
accidents and injuries, leading to increased experience and knowledge retention within
the workforce.
- Stimulating more efficient working methods and technologies: A safety program can
help to identify hazards and inefficiencies in the workplace, leading to the
implementation of more efficient working methods and technologies that can increase
productivity and profitability.
- Reducing the number of people who have to cut their hours to care for a family
member: By prioritizing safety and preventing workplace accidents and injuries,
employees are less likely to have to take time off to care for a family member who has
been injured, leading to increased workforce participation and productivity.

Overall, implementing a safety program can bring numerous economic and social
benefits to an organization, including cost savings, increased productivity, improved
employee health and well-being, enhanced employee morale and job satisfaction, and
increased competitiveness and profitability.
9th q

Step One: Choose a Job to Analyze - Select a job or task that you want to analyze. It can
be a new job or a current job that needs to be reviewed for safety.

Step Two: Identify Job Site Needs and Task Breakdown - Gather information about the
job site, tools, equipment, and materials that will be used to complete the job. Break the
job down into smaller tasks to make it easier to analyze.

Step Three: Determine Hazards and Risks - Identify the hazards and risks associated
with each task. Use a hazard identification checklist, previous incident reports, and
other resources to identify potential hazards.

Step Four: Develop Preventative Controls - Develop controls to prevent or minimize the
hazards and risks identified. Use the hierarchy of controls, which includes eliminating
the hazard, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, and personal
protective equipment (PPE).

Step Five: Document and Share Job Hazard Analysis Reports - Document the job hazard
analysis and communicate the results with all workers involved in the job. Use the
analysis to develop procedures, training, and other safety measures to minimize risks
and ensure a safe workplace.

By following these steps, you can create a comprehensive job safety analysis that will
help to identify and mitigate risks, prevent accidents, and promote a culture of safety in
the workplace.

10th q
11q
12q

Here's an outline of how the steps you listed could be used to perform a risk analysis for
an acetone gas leak from a tank:

1. Establishing the context: This involves defining the scope and objectives of the risk
analysis, identifying stakeholders, and establishing the criteria for evaluating the risk.

2. Hazard identification: This step involves identifying all possible hazards that could
result in a gas leak, such as equipment failure, human error, or environmental factors.

3. Analysis of initiating events: Once the hazards have been identified, the next step is to
analyze the events that could trigger the release of acetone gas from the tank, such as a
rupture in the tank or a malfunction in the valve system.

4. Analysis of consequences: This involves assessing the potential consequences of a

gas leak, including the effects on people, the environment, and equipment.
5. Establishing the risk picture: Based on the hazard and consequence analysis, a risk
profile is developed that identifies the likelihood of a gas leak occurring and the severity
of its potential consequences.

6. Risk evaluation: This step involves comparing the risks identified in step 5 against the
established criteria to determine the level of risk and prioritize risk reduction measures.

7. Communication & consultation: It is important to communicate the results of the risk

analysis to stakeholders and involve them in the decision-making process.

8. Monitoring, review & update: The risk analysis should be regularly reviewed and
updated to ensure that new hazards and risks are identified and that the risk reduction
measures remain effective.

By following these steps, a comprehensive risk analysis for an acetone gas leak from a
tank can be conducted, and appropriate risk reduction measures can be implemented to
prevent or mitigate the effects of a potential gas leak.