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MM Notes

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Vishal Jangir
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128 views

MM Notes

Uploaded by

Vishal Jangir
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Od x [de adem /rp> “CAntwey) Gna duiy 2 Moa ah mu Vrxe ae ns eat Geen oe show tab be yoo! duo a gimp cubic system 9 rd gr VOs va: ve do dilane bo adjatat plane 8 gen 7 a Viet thw ao & YW Bengt q ne oly dz = ao dyes Sea = Vor Gre Ve Mercrsiy~ V3 dao: duetdm tt 8 Mat Wg dos duct dm Me rs (Proved Och sty RANE Asch. pofeuey py, pu Scanned with CamScanner 2o | | yV SL ARIL LL LEAT LL LE OC! LETT LO n enn eee NeoPDrrsser sa ee AAAS, ETO Scanned with CamScanner Qui Weike dtwn He procdu fe tthd out milbs we andice for Cubic + baxogoral cote 9 atallographte Dect ious «39 cell, with a coordinate system consisting of three (x, y, and z) axes situated at one ‘of the corners and coinciding with the unit cell edges, as shown in Figure 3.4, For some crystal systems—namely, hexagonal, rhombohedral, monoclinic, and tri- clinic—the three axes are not mutually perpendicular, as in the familiar Cartesian coordinate scheme. , 3.8 CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC DIRECTIONS A crystallographic direction is defined as a line between two points, or a vector. ‘The following steps are utilized in the determination of the three directional indices: |-A vector of convenient length is positioned such that it passes through the origin of the coordinate system. Any vector may be translated throughout the crystal lattice without alteration, if parallelism is main- tained. 2. The length of the vector projection on each of the three axes is deter- ined; these are measured in terms of the unit cell dimensions a, b, and c. 3. These three numbers are multiplied or divided by a common factor to reduce them to the smallest integer values. 4, The three indices, not separated by commas, are enclosed in square brackets, thus: [www]. The u,v, and w integers correspond to the reduced projections along the x, y, and z axes, respectively. For each of the three axes, there will exist both positive and negative coordi- nates. Thus negative indices are also possible, which are represented by’a bar over the appropriate index. For example; tis [IT] Girection would have a Component ‘nthe —y direction, Also, changing the signs of all indices produces an antiparallel direction; that is, [111] is directly opposite to_ |. If more than one direction or ‘plane is to be specified for a particular crystal structure, it is imperative for the maintaining of consistency that a positive-negative convention, once established, not be changed. The {100}, [110] and [111] directions are common ones; they are drawn in the ‘unit cell shown in Figure 3.5. ‘The {100}, [110], and [111] directions within pony Scanned with CamScanner ’ Oo ; ryll es_snt—~— Pay _ Dulles Indies 7 Hoxagenal ctexed packed CHC ® a tiller Bravait Conordinate “system — x “fa Hew ay, Qo and 23 om OW auf contarnsd wrllin a Angle plans Colted t Yo hal ple and aw a mena to On another. The z-axis Lb to thes : Kael Plane pivectional indice, whieh ‘ aus obtarrod = U desta bes an tgtus ; seal, will be donoted — by four wndites : us for = ce a Cuvee; by conversion » ; oll Couller Boaui's schure) The grat Phyo ands pestain bs Po jecren! aleng hs werpechve UI, den and, Ga (acc tn He bual Plane ath Zopvawton af thoes apd eytem tothe _foue_snevre system: — Ce vi, od > caved shove Ss ae (ouw'-v90 3 Vie. ob (2v'-49) 3 x — (atv) we w’ | : : s : 3 N & war nm ne re Scanfied with CamScanner a Tole ne Scanned with CamScanner 8.8 Crystallographic Directions + 41 This problem is solved by reversing the procedure of the preceding example. For this {110] direction, the projections along x, y, z axes are a, ~

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