Republic of the Philippines

Department of Environment and Natural Resources

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT BUREAU
Region 6, Western Visayas
Telephone number: (033) 393 5048; (033) 336 6989
Email: [email protected]

Reproduction and storage of this report, in whole or in part is

prohibited in any manner, including by electronic means, except as
authorized by the Environmental Management Bureau.

Printed by:

Environmental Management Bureau Region 6

DENR, Iloilo City
 The Environmental Management Bureau remains to be at the
helm of bringing conscious effort in maintaining the Brown
Environment in Western Visayas. With each initiative that the
Bureau exemplifies, it goes beyond the mandates of the office as we
rediscover the reason why we started in the first place.

Thus, this publication of the Regional State of the Brown

Environment Report (RSoBER) echoes the said why that we owe to
the Filipino people, specifically, the Western Visayas residents. This is
a testament of our dedication to protect, preserve, and utilize the
environment in the best way we can.

This book narrates pride and passion in service. To the readers,

may this be of great help to educational purposes, to policy-making
guidelines, or to everyday endeavors.

I am grateful for and proud of the men and women behind this
book. This strengthens our bond with the environment and
continually be the source of the why we have always worked on. May
this collection be that push in our everyday motion to bettering our
movements towards environmental progress.

ATTY. RAMAR NIEL V. PASCUA

Regional Director
 The Regional State of the Brown Environment Report is
produced by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources
to boost information on the status of the brown environment of
Western Visayas in compliance with the Department’s mandate. It
exhibits the responsibilities and various measures that each unit of
the Bureau conduct in order to maintain proper environmental
management in the region.

Intended to maintain a clear picture of the status of the

environment and its resources, the RSoBER is a collection of data
and practices that carefully display effective and efficient ways of
protecting and conserving resources.

The data and information offer the readers various points of view
for their consumption. This aims to produce figures on the year at
hand to be the foundation and baseline for the those who are in need
of such. The book also contains all the risks in environmental
management and also the possible opportunities to be handled in
future efforts.

Lastly, this intends to impact decision makers and local

government units to devise programs, plans, and projects on
environmental management in their locality.

ATTY. RAMAR NIEL V. PASCUA

Regional Director

i
 The Regional State of the Brown Environment (RSoBER) of
Western Visayas fields in information from all sectors of the
environment with data gathered by persons with strong expertise and
experiences on the field. This serves to be an efficient and effective
tool for students, researchers, policy-makers, partner agencies, and
private citizens alike in executing projects and developing initiatives
for the protection and preservation of the environment and its
resources.

The information at hand were carefully examined and reviewed

to bring about accuracy and relevance as it went through an
assessment to make it clear, comprehensive, and complete.

I am more than grateful that this would be one of the more

accessible, more thorough, and more immersive tool for every
concerned individual who is either learning or advocating for
environmental management. This is also a good compilation of the
best practices and methods in sustaining the environment in the
region. Moreso, this book would go down as a guide on everyday
awareness and on sustaining a conserved environment together with
its resources.

This is a testament of the bureau’s commitment to its mandates

in bringing in a holistic approach to environmental management.

ATTY. RAMAR NIEL V. PASCUA

Regional Director
ii
Preface i
Foreword ii
Table of Contents iii
List of Tables x
List of Figures xvi
Abbreviations xxxii

Executive Summary 1

CHAPTER 1.0 Introduction

1.1 Vision, Mission, and Objectives 6
1.3 Mandate 7
1.3 Major Thrusts 8
1.4 Compliance to ISO Standards 14

CHAPTER 2.0 Regional Profile

2.1 Geography 16
2.2 Demography 18
2.3 Economy 20

Chapter 3.0 Air Quality

3.1 Sources of Air Pollution 25
3.1.1 Stationary Sources 25
3.1.2 Mobile Sources 27
3.1.3 Area Sources 28

iii
3.2 Emission Inventory 29
3.2.1 Emissions Inventory Results 29
3.2.2 Stationary Sources Emission Inventory Results 29
3.2.3 Mobile Sources Emission Inventory Results 30
3.2.4 Area Sources Emission Inventory Results 31
3.2.5 Emission Inventory Formula 32
3.3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 33
3.3.1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Status 34
3.3.2 La Paz Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Station 34
3.3.3 Oton Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 35
3.3.4 Leganes Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 36
3.3.5 University of San Agustin Ambient Air
Quality Monitoring Station 37
3.3.6 Pavia Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Station 37
3.3.7 Bacolod Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Station 38
3.4 Air Quality Management 39
3.5 Legislation and Policy under Air Quality Management 45
3.6 Best Practices and Lessons Learned 47
3.7 Issues and Concerns 48
3.8 Recommendations for Necessary Executive
and Legislative Action 48

CHAPTER 4.0 Water Quality

4.1 Sources of Water Pollution 51
4.1.1 Point Sources 52
4.1.2. Nonpoint Sources 52
4.2 Water Bodies and Classification 53
4.3 Water Quality Status 57
4.4 Water Quality Management 243
4.4.1 Legislation and Policy 244
4.4.2 Compliance and Enforcement 244
4.4.3 LGU Initiatives 249

iv
4.4 Best Practices 251
4.5 Challenges 251

CHAPTER 5.0 Solid Wastes

5.1 Sources and Characteristic of Solid Waste 256
5.1.1 Sources of Solid Waste 257
5.1.2 Composition of Solid waste 258
5.1.3 LGU Compliance with the 260
Ecological Solid Waste Management Act
5.2 Existing Solid Waste Facilities 265
5.3 Projection of Waste Generation 275
5.4 Ecological Solid Waste Management 276
5.4.1 Legislation and Policy 276
5.4.2 Programs and Projects 277
5.4.3 LGU Initiatives 278
5.5 Best Practices and Lessons Learned 283
5.5.1 Efforts of Government Agencies 283
5.5.2 Efforts of Private Sectors 286
5.5.3 Civil Society/Informal Waste Sectors Initiatives 286
5.5.4 Lessons Learned 287
5.6 Challenges (Issues and Concerns) 287
CHAPTER 6.0 Toxic Chemicals and Hazardous Waste
6.1 Chemicals Management 291

6.1.1 Inventory of Mercury (Hg), Cyanide (CN), Asbestos, 292

Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS)
6.2 Hazardous Waste Management 299
6.2.1 Inventory of Hazardous Wastes 299

6.3 Awareness Raising Activity on Mercury at Regatta Hotel 305

6.3.1 Chemical Control Order (CCO) For Ozone 305
Depleting Substances (ODS) & On Handling
Chemicals For Dealers Resellers And
Retailers Of ODS Containing Substances

v
6.3.2 Awareness Raising Activity on Mercury at 305
Regatta Hotel
6.3.3 UNIDO/DENR-EMB Project: 306
“Implementation of PCB Management Programs
for Electric Cooperatives (ECs) and Safe E-wastes
Management”
6.4 Legislation and Policy 307
6.4.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 307
BUREAU (EMB) MEMORANDUM (SIGNED:
FEBRUARY 14, 2018)
6.4.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 307
BUREAU (EMB) MEMORANDUM
(SIGNED: APRIL 27, 2018)
6.4.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 308
BUREAU (EMB) MEMORANDUM
(SIGNED: SEPTEMBER 4, 2018)
6.4.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 309
BUREAU (EMB) MEMORANDUM
(SIGNED: NOVEMBER 6, 2018)
6.4.5 DENR AO NO. 2019-17 CHEMICAL CONTROL 309
ORDER (CCO) FOR ARSENIC AND
COMPOUNDS (SIGNED: NOVEMBER 08, 2019)
6.4.6 DENR AO NO. 2019-18 POLYMERS AND 310
POLYMER OF LOW CONCERN (PLC) EXEMPTION
FROM THE PRE-MANUFACTURE AND
PRE-IMPORTATION NOTIFICATION (PMPIN)
PROCESS (SIGNED: NOVEMBER 08, 2019)
6.4.7 EMB MC NO. 2019-002 CLARIFICATIONS 310
TO THE REGISTRATION AND IMPORTATION
CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR CHEMICAL
CONTROL ORDER FOR CYANIDE AND
CYANIDE COMPOUNDS UNDER DENR
ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 97-39 (SIGNED:
MARCH 26, 2019)
6.4.8 EMB MC NO. 2019-006 310
6.4.9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 311
BUREAU (EMB) MEMORANDUM
(SIGNED: DECEMBER 9, 2019)
6.4.10 MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR 2020-19 311
CLARIFICATORY GUIDANCE ON THE
ISSUANCE OF HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATOR
ID (HWG) REGISTRATION FOR MALLS OR
COMMERCIAL BUILDING OWNERS AND
CLUSTERED ESTABLISHMENTS
(SIGNED: APRIL 20, 2020)
6.4.11 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT BUREAU 311
(EMB) MEMORANDUM OPERATIONALIZATION
OF THE ONLINE HAZARDOUS WASTE
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (HWMS)
vi
 (SIGNED: JUNE 1, 2020)
COMPOUNDS THROUGH OPMS
(SIGNED: SEPTEMBER 25, 2020)
6.4.12 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT BUREAU 312
(EMB) MEMORANDUM MANUAL ISSUANCE
OF SPECIAL PERMIT TO TRANSPORT (SPTT)
FOR THE TRANSPORT, TREATMENT AND
DISPOSAL OF HEALTHCARE (M501) WASTES
GENERATED BY THE INTER-AGENCY TASK
FORCE (IATF) DESIGNATED TEMPORARY
COVID -19 QUARANTINE FACILITIES
(SIGNED AUGUST 4, 2020)
6.4.13 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT BUREAU 312
(EMB) MEMORANDUM APPLICATION
OF CCO REGISTRATIONS AND IMPORTATION
CLEARANCE CERTIFICATION FOR ARSENIC
AND ITS COMPOUNDS THROUGH OPMS
(SIGNED: SEPTEMBER 25, 2020)
6.4.14 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT BUREAU 313
(EMB) MEMORANDUM SUBSTANCES AND
COMPOUNDS THAT DOES NOT DISSOCIATE CN
IONS ARE NOT COVERED BY DAO 1997-39
WHILE REGULATED CYANIDE COMPOUNDS ARE
LISTED IN THE UPDATED ANNEX A
(SIGNED: OCTOBER 21, 2020)
6.4.15 DENR AO NO. 2021-08 313
6.4.16 DENR ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER 2021-14 313
(SIGNED: MAY 24, 2021)
6.4.17 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 314
BUREAU (EMB) MEMORANDUM
CIRCULAR NO. 2021-11
6.4.18 DENR AO NO. 2021-31 314
6.4.19 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 314
BUREAU (EMB) MEMORANDUM
CIRCULAR NO. 2021-004)
6.5 Challenges (Issues and Concerns) 312
6.6 Recommendations 312

CHAPTER 7.0 Environmental Impact Assessment

7.1 Environmental Compliance Certificate and

Certificate of Non-Coverage Issuances 317
7.2 Best Practices in Environmental Performance 321
7.3 Guidelines, Policies and Challenges 322
7.3.1 Guidelines and Policies 322
7.3.2 Challenges 325

vii
CHAPTER 8.0 Environmental Education
8.1 Environmental Education Programs by the 329
Department of Education, Technical Education
and Skills Development Authority and
Commission on Higher Education, Department
of Science and Technology, Department of Interior
and Local Government and Philippine Information
Agency
8.1.1 Department of Education (DepEd) 329
8.1.2 CHED 330
8.1.3 TESDA 331
8.1.4 DOST 331
8.1.5 DILG 331
8.1.6 PIA 332
8.2 List of Undergraduate and Graduate Degree 332
Programs Specializing on the Environment that are
Offered by Universities and Colleges
8.3 Public Awareness and Environmental Education 332
through the Year-round Special Events on the Environment
8.3.1 Environmental Event Celebrations 333
8.4 Other Environmental Education Initiatives by 343
the Civil Society, Local Government
Units, Private Sectors, and International
Development Community
8.4.1 Philippine Association of Tertiary 343
Level Education Institutions in Environmental
Protection and Management (PATLEPAM)
Environmental Education Initiatives
8.4.2 Pollution Control Association of 344
the Philippines, Inc. (PCAPI)
Environmental Education Initiatives
8.4.3 Local Government Units 344
Environmental Education Initiatives
CHAPTER 9.0 Environmental Administration
9.1 EMB Organizational Structure 350
9.2 Organizational Chart 351
9.3 Capacity Building 356

viii
9.4 Budget and Expenditure 362
9.5 Revenues Generated 364
9.6 Pollution Adjudication Board 365

9.6.1 Jurisdiction 358

9.6.2 Gaps and Problems in the Adjudication 369
of Pollution Cases
9.6.3 Measures Undertaken 369
9.6.4.a No. of Violations issued per Law from CY 370
2017 up to CY 2021
9.6.4.b No. of Cases Resolved by the Region 371
9.6.4.c No. of Cases endorsed to PAB 371
9.6.4.d No. of Cases resolved by PAB 371
9.7 Analysis and Interpretation 372

Acknowledgement
Glossary

ix
Regional Profile
2.1 Land Area by Province (in Hectares)
2.2 Land Classification per Province
2.3 Population of Region 6 – Western Visayas (Based
on the 2000, 2010, 2015 and 2020 Censuses)
2.4 Population of Region 6 per Province/Highly
Urbanized City
2.5 Population of Region 6 – Western Visayas (Based
on the 2000, 2010, 2015 and 2020 Censuses)
2.6 Top 5 Most Populous Barangays in Region 6
2.7 Major Business and Industries in Region 6 as of
2021
2.8 Agricultural Production (in MT)
2.9 Region 6 Facts and Figures

Air Quality
3.1 Total Number of Air Pollutive Industries in Region
VI based on PTO issued
3.2 Total Number of Air Pollutive Industries within
Region VI based on PTO issued CY 2017-2022
3.3 LTO R6 - Registered Motor Vehicles
3.4 Emission Inventory for Region 6, tons/year
3.5 Stationary Sources Emission tons/year
3.6 Mobile Sources Emission, tons/year
3.7 Fire Incidents within Region 6
3.8 Area Sources Emission Inventory, tons/year

x
3.9 National Ambient Air Quality Guideline Value
4.0 Annex A DENR – Administrative Order No. 2000-
81 (IRR for RA 8749)
4.1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations of DENR -
EMB Region VI
4.2 Comparative Annual Statistics of TSP
Concentration in La Paz Monitoring Station, CY
2020 - CY 2022
4.3 Total Number of Air Pollutive Industries within
Region VI categorized as small, medium, and large
with issued Permit to Operate from CY 2019-2021
4.4 Monitoring of Stationary Sources, CY 2019-2021
4.5 Industries Monitored and Surveyed within Western
Visayas
4.6 CY 2019 – 2021 Roadside Inspection Comparison
4.7 Comparative Results of Garage SET CY 2019-2021
4.8 Laws and Policies under RA 8749

Water Quality
4.1 Inventory of Classified Water Bodies in Region 6
4.2 Parameters for Water Quality Monitoring as per DAO
2016-08
4.3 Water Quality Guideline Values for Freshwater as per
DAO 2016-08 and DAO 2021-19
4.4 Water Quality Guideline Values for Coastal and Marine
waters as per DAO 2016-08 and DAO 2021-19
4.5 Water Quality Management Programs and Water Bodies
monitored in Region 6
4.6 Aklan River Monitoring Stations
4.7 Annual Range and Average of in-situ parameters of
Aklan River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.8 Annual Range and Average of BOD, TSS and Color of
Aklan River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.9 Annual Range and Average of Phosphate and Fecal
Coliform of Aklan River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

xi
4.10 Panay River Monitoring Stations, CY 2021
4.11 Annual Range and Average of in-situ parameters of
Panay River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.12 Annual Range and Average of BOD, TSS and Color of
Panay River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.13 Annual Range and Average of Phosphate and Fecal
Coliform of Panay River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.14 Bago River Monitoring Stations
4.15 Annual Range and Average of in-situ parameters of
Bago River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.16 Annual Range and Average of BOD, TSS and Color of
Bago River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.17 Annual Range and Average of Phosphate and Fecal
Coliform of Bago River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.18 Malihao River Monitoring Stations
4.19 Annual Range and Average of in-situ parameters of
Malihao River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.21 Annual Range and Average of Phosphate and Fecal
Coliform of Malihao River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.22 Bugang River Monitoring Stations
4.23 Annual Range and Average of in-situ parameters of
Malumpati-Bugang River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.24 Annual Range and Average of BOD, TSS and Color of
Malumpati-Bugang River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.25 Annual Range and Average of Phosphate and Fecal
Coliform of Malumpati-Bugang River Monitoring
Stations, CY 2022
4.26 Annual Range and Average of Oil and Grease of
Malumpati-Bugang River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.27 Duyong-Tingib Beach Monitoring Stations
4.28 Annual Range and Average of in-situ parameters of
Duyong-Tingib Beach Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.29 Annual Range and Average of Phosphate and Fecal
Coliform of Duyong-Tingib Beach Monitoring Stations,
CY 2022

xii
4.30 Annual Range and Average Oil and Grease of Duyong-
Tingib Beach Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.31 Tibiao River Monitoring Stations
4.32 Annual Range and Average of in-situ parameters of
Tibiao River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.33 Annual Range and Average of BOD, TSS and Color of
Tibiao River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.34 Annual Range and Average of Phosphate and Fecal
Coliform of Tibiao River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.35 Annual Range and Average Oil and Grease of Tibiao
River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.36 Iloilo City Coastline Monitoring Stations
4.37 Annual Range and Average of in-situ parameters of
Iloilo City Coastline Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.38 Annual Range and Average of Phosphate, Fecal Coliform
and Oil and Grease of Iloilo City Coastline Monitoring
Stations, CY 2022
4.39 Waterbodies within WQMAs in Region 6
4.40 Jaro-Tigum-Aganan River Monitoring Stations
4.41 Annual Range and Average of in-situ parameters of Jaro
-Tigum-Aganan River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.42 Annual Range and Average of BOD, TSS and Color of
Jaro-Tigum-Aganan River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.43 Annual Range and Average of Phosphate and Fecal
Coliform of Jaro-Tigum-Aganan River Monitoring
Stations, CY 2022
4.44 Iloilo River Monitoring Stations
4.45 Annual Range and Average of in-situ parameters of
Iloilo River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.46 Annual Range and Average of BOD, TSS and Color of
Iloilo River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.47 Annual Range and Average of Phosphate and Fecal
Coliform of Iloilo River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.48 Batiano River Monitoring Stations
4.49 Annual Range and Average of in-situ parameters of
Batiano River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

xiii
4.50 Annual Range and Average of BOD, TSS and Color of
Batiano River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.51 Annual Range and Average of Phosphate and Fecal
Coliform of Batiano River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.52 Jalaur River Monitoring Stations
4.53 Annual Range and Average of in-situ parameters of
Jalaur River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4..54 Annual Range and Average of BOD, TSS and Color of
Jalaur River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.55 Annual Range and Average of Phosphate and Fecal
Coliform of Jalaur River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.56 Regularly Monitored Ambient Stations in Boracay
Island, Malay, Aklan
4.57 Boracay Coastline (Regular Ambient) Monitoring
Stations
4.58 Boracay Wetlands Stations
4.59 Boracay Outfall (near Kingfisher’s Farm)
4.60 Annual Range and Average of In-Situ Parameters (DO,
pH, Temperature) of Boracay Coastline Monitoring
Stations, CY 2022
4.61 Annual Range and Average of Fecal Coliform, TSS and
Color of Boracay Coastline Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4..62 Annual Range and Average of Nutrient and Oil and
Grease Parameters of Boracay Coastline Monitoring
Stations, CY 2022
4.63 Universe of Establishments in Region VI
4.64 Universe of Establishments in Region VI Segregated per
Province

Solid Wastes

5.1 Waste Characteristics (Percentage per waste

composition) in Region 6 as of 2021
5.2 LGU’s Compliance with RA 9003 as of December
2021

xiv
5.3 Status of 10-year SWM plans as CY 2022
5.4 Compliance of LGUs to Sec. 21 and 23 of RA 9003
5.5 Number of MRFs established in Region 6, as of CY
2021
5.6 Disposal Facilities in Aklan as of CY 2020
5.7 Disposal Facilities in Antique as of CY 2020
5.8 Disposal Facilities in Capiz as of CY 2020
5.9 Disposal Facilities in Guimaras as of CY 2020
5.5 Number of MRFs established in Region 6, as of CY
2021
5.6 Number of LGUs which voluntarily closed their
open dumpsites in CY 2021
5.7 Operational SLFs as of CY 2022
5.8 Types of Disposal Facilities in Region 6, as of CY
2022
5.9 Beneficiaries of Biodegradable Waste Shredder and
Composter Set in CY 2020 and 2021
5.10 Financial Support Given by the EMB, 2012-2020
Toxic Chemicals and Hazardous Wastes
6.1 5-year Chemical Control Order issuance for
Asbestos

6.2 5-year Chemical Control Order issuance for

Cyanide

6.3 5-year Chemical Control Order issuance for

Mercury
6.4 5-year Chemical Control Order issuance for PCB
6.5 5-year Chemical Control Order issuance for ODS
6.6 5-year Chemical Control Order issuance for HFC
6.7 Hazardous Waste Generator ID Issuance from
2017 to 2021
6.8 Hazardous Waste Generator ID Issuance from
2018 to 2022
6.9 Registered Hazardous Waste Transporter

xv
6.10 Registered Hazardous Waste TSD Facility
Environmental Impact Assessment

7.1 Total Number of ECC issued per Province (CY 2018

- CY 2022)
7.2 Total of Certificate of Non-Coverage (CNC) Issued
by Province: 2018-2021
Environmental Education
8.1 Academic Programs specialized on the
Environment offered by Universities and Colleges
in Region 6
8.2 Environmental Activities for 2022

Environmental Administration
9.1 List of Filled-Up Plantilla Positions

9.2 EMB Region 6 Organizational Chart as of

December 31, 2021

9.3 List of the Educational Attainment of EMB Region

VI Plantilla Personnel

9.4 List of Learning Events for CY 2022

9.5 Annual Budgetary Allocation, EMB Budget CY

2020-2022
9.6 Annual Budgetary Expenditure, EMB Budget CY
2020-2022
9.7 Number of Issued Violations by Law from 2017 up
to 2021

9.8 Number of Cases endorsed to PAB from 2018 up to

2021

xvi
Regional Profile
2.1 Land Area by Province (in hectares)
2.2 Land Classification Map
Air Quality
3.1 Total Number by Percentage of Air Pollutive Industries
in Region VI
3.2 Total Number by Percentage of Air Pollutive Industries
within Region VI based on PTO issued CY 2017-2022
3.3 PTO Issued for CY 2020-2022
3.4 Percent Distribution Per Classification of Vehicle
3.5 Percent Distribution Per type of Pollutant
3.6 Percent Distribution for Stationary Sources
3.7 Percent Distribution of Pollutants for Mobile Sources
3.8 Percent Distribution of Pollutants
3.9 Map of Ambient Air Monitoring Stations within Region
VI
3.10 Annual TSP Concentration of La Paz Monitoring
Station, CY 2022
3.11 Siting of relocation site for ambient air sampling
equipment at Oton, Iloilo
3.12 PM10 Concentration of Leganes Station CY 2022
3.13 Annual PM10 AQI Frequency Distribution of Leganes
Monitoring Station, CY 2022
3.14 PM2.5 Concentration of Leganes Station CY 2022
3.15 Annual PM2.5 AQI Frequency Distribution of Leganes
Monitoring Station, CY 2022

xvii
3.16 On-going construction at the current location of
USA AAQMS
3.17 Proposed Relocation sites for USA AAQMS
3.18 PM10 Concentration of Pavia Station CY 2022
3.19 Annual PM10 AQI Frequency Distribution of Pavia
Monitoring Station, CY 2022
3.20 PM2.5 Concentration of Pavia Station CY 2022
3.21 Annual PM2.5 AQI Frequency Distribution of
Leganes Monitoring Station, CY 2022
3.22 Conduct of Roadside Inspection /Apprehension
within the Metro Iloilo Airshed
3.23 Industries Monitored within Region VI CY 2022

Water Quality
4.1 Distribution of Water Bodies in Region 6
4.2 Distribution of Classified and Unclassified Water
Bodies in Region 6
4.3 Distribution of Classified and Unclassified Inland
Surface Waters per Province as of CY 2022
4.4 Distribution of Classified Coastal and Marine
Waters per Province as of CY 2022

4.5 Map of Priority Rivers in Region 6

4.6 Aklan River

4.7 Map of Aklan River Sampling Stations

4.8 Annual Average DO of Aklan River Monitoring
Stations, CY 2022
4.9 DO Percentage Compliance Rating of Aklan River
Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.10 DO Annual Comparative Results of Aklan River
Monitoring Stations, CY 2017-2022
4. 11 Annual Average BOD of Aklan River Monitoring
Stations, CY 2022

4. 12 BOD Percentage Compliance Rating of Aklan River

Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

xviii
4. 13 BOD Annual Comparative Results of Aklan River
Monitoring Stations, CY 2017-2022
4. 14 Annual Average TSS of Aklan River Monitoring
Stations, CY 2022
4. 15 TSS Percentage Compliance Rating of Aklan River
Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.16 TSS Annual Comparative Results of Aklan River
Monitoring Stations, CY 2017-2022
4.17 Annual Average Phosphate of Aklan River
Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.18 Phosphate Percentage Compliance Rating of Aklan
River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.19 Phosphate Annual Comparative Results of Aklan
River Monitoring Stations, CY 2019-2022
4.20 Annual Geomean of Fecal Coliform Count of Aklan
River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.21 Fecal Coliform Count Percentage Compliance
Rating of Aklan River Monitoring Stations, CY
2022
4.22 Fecal Coliform Count Annual Comparative Results
of Aklan River Monitoring Stations, CY 2017-2022

4.23 Panay River

4.24 Map of Panay River Monitoring Stations

4.25 Annual Average DO of Panay River Monitoring

Stations, CY 2022
4.26 DO Compliance Rating of Panay River M o n it o r in g
Stations, CY 2022
4.27 DO Annual Comparative of Panay River Monitoring
Stations, CY 2017-2022
4.28 Annual Average BOD of Panay River Monitoring
Stations, CY 2022
4.29 BOD Percentage Compliance Rating of Panay River
Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.30 BOD Annual Comparative of Panay River
Monitoring Stations, CY 2016-2022
4.31 Annual Average TSS of Panay River Monitoring
Stations, CY 2022

xix
4.32 TSS Percentage Compliance Rating of Panay River
Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.33 TSS Annual Comparative of Panay River
Monitoring Stations, CY 2016-2022
4.34 Annual Average Phosphate of Panay River
Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4. 35 Phosphate Percentage Compliance Rating of Panay
River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4. 36 Phosphate Annual Comparative of Panay River
Monitoring Stations, CY 2019-2022
4. 37 Annual Geomean Fecal Coliform Count of Panay
River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.38. Fecal Coliform Percentage Compliance Rating of
Panay River Monitoring Stations, CY 2021
4.39 Fecal Coliform Count Annual Comparative of
Panay River Monitoring Stations, CY 2016-2021

4.40 Bago River

4. 41 Map of Bago River Sampling Stations

4. 42 Annual Average DO of Bago River Monitoring
Stations, CY 2022
4. 43 DO Percentage Compliance Rating of Bago River
Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.44 DO Annual Comparative Results of Bago River
Monitoring Stations, CY 2019-2022
4.45 Annual Average BOD of Bago River Monitoring
Stations, CY 2022
4. 46 BOD Percentage Compliance Rating of Bago River
Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4. 47 BOD Annual Comparative of Bago River Monitoring
Stations, CY 2019-2022
4.48 Annual Average TSS of Bago River Monitoring
Stations, CY 2022
4.49 TSS Percentage Compliance Rating of Bago River
Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.50 TSS Annual Comparative of Panay River
Monitoring Stations, CY 2019-2022

xx
4. 51 Annual Average Phosphate of Bago River
Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.52 Phosphate Percentage Compliance Rating of Bago
River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4. 53 Phosphate Annual Comparative of Bago River
Monitoring Stations, CY 2019-2022
4.54 Annual Geomean Fecal Coliform Count of Bago
River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.55 Fecal Coliform Percentage Compliance Rating of
Bago River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

4.56 Fecal Coliform Count Annual Comparative of Bago

River Monitoring Stations, CY 2019-2022
4.57 Malihao River

4.58 Map of Malihao River Sampling Station

4.59 Annual Average DO of Malihao River Monitoring
Stations, CY 2022
4.60 DO Percentage Compliance Rating of Malihao River
Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.61 DO Annual Comparative Results of Malihao River
Monitoring Stations, CY 2019-2022
4.62 Annual Average BOD of Malihao River Monitoring
Stations, CY 2022
4.63 BOD Percentage Compliance Rating of Malihao
River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

4.64 BOD Annual Comparative of Malihao River

Monitoring Stations, CY 2019-2022
4.65 Annual Average TSS of Malihao River Monitoring
Stations, CY 2022
4.66 TSS Percentage Compliance Rating of Malihao
River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.67 TSS Annual Comparative of Malihao River
Monitoring Stations, CY 2019-2022
4.68 Annual Average Phosphate of Malihao River
Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.69 Phosphate Percentage Compliance Rating of
Malihao River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

xxi
4.70 Phosphate Annual Comparative of Malihao River
Monitoring Stations, CY 2020-2022
4.71 Annual Geomean Fecal Coliform Count of Malihao
River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.72 Fecal Coliform Percentage Compliance Rating of
Malihao River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.73 Fecal Coliform Count Comparative of Malihao River
Monitoring Stations, CY 2019-2022

4.74 Photo of Malumpati Health Spring

4.75 Elevation Profile of Malumpati-Bugang River

4.76 Aerial Photo of Duyong-Tingib Beach, Pandan,
Antique
4.77 Map of Pandan Recreational Waters and Location
of Monitoring Stations
4.78 Annual Average DO Results of Malumpati-Bugang
River, CY 2022
4.79 DO Percentage Compliance Rating of Malumpati-
Bugang River, CY 2022
4.80 Annual Average BOD Results of Malumpati-
Bugang River, CY 2022
4.81 BOD Percentage Compliance Rating of Malumpati-
Bugang River, CY 2022
4.82 Annual Average TSS Results of Malumpati-Bugang
River, CY 2022
4.83 TSS Percentage Compliance Rating of Malumpati-
Bugang River, CY 2022
4.84 Annual Average DO of Malumpati-Bugang River
Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.85 DO Percentage Compliance Rating of Malumpati-
Bugang River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
4.86 Annual Average Phosphate Results of Malumpati-
Bugang River, CY 2022
4.87 Phosphate Percentage Compliance Rating of
Malumpati-Bugang River, CY 2022
4.88 Annual Geomean Fecal Coliform Count of Duyong-
Tingib Beach Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

xxii
4.89 Fecal Coliform Count Percentage Compliance
Rating of Malumpati-Bugang River, CY 2022
4.90 Fecal Coliform Count Annual Comparative of
Malumpati-Bugang River, CY 2017-2022
4.91 Annual Average DO Results of Duyong-Tingib
Beach, CY 2022
4.92 DO Percentage Compliance Rating of Duyong-
Tingib Beach, CY 2022
4.93 Annual Average Phosphate Results of Duyong-
Tingib Beach, CY 2022
4.94 Oil and Grease Compliance Rating of Duyong-
Tingib Beach, CY 2022
4.95 Annual Average Phosphate Results of Duyong-
Tingib Beach, CY 2022
4.96 Phosphate Percentage Compliance Rating of
Duyong-Tingib Beach, CY 2022
4.97 Annual Geomean Fecal Coliform Results of Duyong
-Tingib Beach, CY 2022
4.98 Fecal Coliform Percentage Compliance Rating of
Duyong-Tingib Beach, CY 2022
4.99 Fecal Coliform Count Annual Comparative of
Duyong-Tingib Beach, CY 2017-2022
4.100 Photo of Station 7 of Tibiao River located at Brgy.
Tuno, Tibiao, Antique
4.101 Elevation Profile of Tibiao River.
4.102 Map of Tibiao River Recreational Water and
Location of Monitoring Stations
4.103 Annual Average DO Results of Tibiao River, CY
2022
4.104 DO Compliance Rating of Tibiao River, CY 2022
4.105 Annual Average BOD Results of Tibiao River, CY
2022
4.106 BOD Compliance Rating of Tibiao River, CY 2022
4.107 Annual Average TSS Results of Tibiao River, CY
2022

4.108 TSS Compliance Rating of Tibiao River, CY 2022

xxiii
4.109 Annual Average Oil and Grease Results of Tibiao
River, CY 2022
4.110 Oil and Grease Compliance Rating of Tibiao
River, CY 2022
4.111 Annual Average Phosphate Results of Tibiao River,
CY 2022
4.112 Phosphate Compliance Rating of Tibiao River, CY
2022
4.113 Annual Geomean Fecal Coliform Results of Tibiao
River, CY 2022

4.114 Fecal Coliform Percentage Compliance Rating of

Tibiao River, CY 2022
4.115 Fecal Coliform Count Annual Comparative of
Tibiao River, CY 2019-2022
4.116 Iloilo City Coastline
4.117 Map of Iloilo City Coastline Sampling Stations
4.118 Annual Average DO Results of Iloilo City Coastline,
CY 2022
4.119 DO Compliance Rating of Iloilo City Coastline, CY
2022
4.120 DO Annual Comparative of Iloilo City Coastline, CY
2019-2022
4.121 Annual Average Phosphate Results of Iloilo City
Coastline, CY 2022
4.122 Phosphate Percentage Compliance Rating of Iloilo
City Coastline, CY 2022
4.123 Phosphate Annual Comparative of Iloilo City
Coastline, CY 2021-2022
4.124 Annual Geomean Fecal Coliform Results of Iloilo
City Coastline, CY 2022
4.125 Fecal Coliform Compliance Rating of Iloilo City
Coastline, CY 2022
4.126 Fecal Coliform Annual Comparative of Iloilo City
Coastline, CY 2019-2022
4.127 Annual Average Oil and Grease Results of Iloilo
City Coastline, CY 2022

xxiv
4. 128 Oil and Grease Compliance Rating of Iloilo City
Coastline, CY 2022

4.129 Jaro-Tigum-Aganan River

4.130 Map of Jaro-Tigum-Aganan River Sampling
Stations
4.131 Annual Average DO of Jaro-Tigum-Aganan River,
CY 2022

4.132 DO Compliance Rating of Jaro-Tigum-Aganan

River, CY 2022
4.133 DO Annual Comparative Results of Jaro-Tigum-
Aganan River, CY 2017-2022
4.134 Annual Average BOD of Jaro-Tigum-Aganan River,
CY 2022
4.135 BOD Compliance Rating of Jaro-Tigum-Aganan
River, CY 2022

4.136 BOD Annual Comparative Results of Jaro-Tigum-

Aganan River, CY 2017-2022
4.137 Annual Average TSS of Jaro-Tigum-Aganan River,
CY 2022
4.138 TSS Compliance Rating of Jaro-Tigum-Aganan
River, CY 2022
4.139 TSS Annual Comparative Results of Jaro-Tigum-
Aganan River, CY 2017-2022
4. 140 Annual Average Phosphate of Jaro-Tigum-Aganan
River, CY 2022
4. 141 Phosphate Compliance Rating of Jaro-Tigum-
Aganan River, CY 2022
4. 142 Phosphate Annual Comparative Results of Jaro-
Tigum-Aganan River, CY 2017-2022
4.143 Annual Geomean Fecal Coliform Count of Jaro-
Tigum-Aganan River, CY 2022
4.144 Fecal Coliform Compliance Rating of Jaro-Tigum-
Aganan River, CY 2022
4.145 Fecal Coliform Annual Comparative Results of Jaro
-Tigum-Aganan River, CY 2017-2022

4.146 Iloilo River

xxv
4.147 Map of Iloilo River Sampling Stations

4.148 Annual Average DO of Iloilo River, CY 2022

4.149 DO Compliance Rating of Iloilo River Monitoring
Stations, CY 2022
4.150 DO Annual Comparative Results of Iloilo River, CY
2017-2022

4.151 Annual Average BOD of Iloilo River, CY 2022

4.152 BOD Compliance Rating of Iloilo River, CY 2022

4.153 BOD Annual Comparative Results of Iloilo River,
CY 2017-2022

4.154 Annual Average TSS of Iloilo River, CY 2022

4.155 TSS Compliance Rating of Iloilo River, CY 2022
4.156 TSS Annual Comparative Results of Iloilo River, CY
2017-2022
4.158 Phosphate Compliance Rating of Iloilo River, CY
2022
4.159 Phosphate Annual Comparative Results of Iloilo
River, CY 2021-2022
4.160 Annual Geomean Fecal Coliform Count of Iloilo
River, CY 2022
4.161 Fecal Coliform Compliance Rating of Iloilo River,
CY 2022
4.162 Fecal Coliform Count Annual Comparative Results
of Iloilo River, CY 2017-2022

4.163 Batiano River

4.164 Map of Batiano River Sampling Stations

4.165 Annual Average DO of Batiano River, CY 2022

4.166 DO Compliance Rating of Batiano River, CY 2022
4.167 DO Annual Comparative Results of Batiano River,
CY 2017-2022

4.168 Annual Average BOD of Batiano River, CY 2022

4.169 BOD Compliance Rating of Batiano River, CY 2022

4.170 BOD Annual Comparative Results of Batiano River,
CY 2017-2022

xxvi
4.171 Annual Average TSS of Batiano River, CY 2022

4.172 TSS Compliance Rating of Batiano River, CY 2022

4.173 TSS Annual Comparative Results of Batiano River,
CY 2017-2022
4.174 Annual Average Phosphate of Batiano River, CY
2022
4.175 Phosphate Compliance Rating of Batiano River, CY
2022
4.176 Phosphate Annual Comparative Results of Batiano
River, CY 2021-2022
4.177 Annual Geomean Fecal Coliform Count of Batiano
River, CY 2022
4.178 Fecal Coliform Count Compliance Rating of
Batiano River, CY 2022
4.179 Fecal Coliform Count Compliance Rating of
Batiano River, CY 2022

4.180 Jalaur River

4.181 Map of Jalaur River Sampling Stations

4.182 Annual Average DO of Jalaur River, CY 2022

4.183 DO Compliance Rating of Jalaur River, CY 2022

4.184 DO Annual Comparative Results of Jalaur River,
CY 2017-2022

4.185 Annual Average BOD of Jalaur River, CY 2022

4.186 BOD Compliance Rating of Jalaur River, CY 2022

4.187 BOD Annual Comparative Results of Jalaur River,
CY 2017-2022
4.188 Annual Average TSS of Jalaur River, CY 2022

4.189 TSS Compliance Rating of Jalaur River, CY 2022

4.190 TSS Annual Comparative Results of Jalaur River,
CY 2017-2022
4.191 Annual Average Phosphate of Jalaur River, CY
2022
4.192 Phosphate Compliance Rating of Jalaur River, CY
2022

xxvii
4.193 Phosphate Annual Comparative Results of Jalaur
River, CY 2021-2022
4.194 Annual Geomean Fecal Coliform of Jalaur River, CY
2022
4.195 Fecal Coliform Compliance Rating of Jalaur River,
CY 2022
4.196 Fecal Coliform Annual Comparative Results of
Jalaur River, CY 2017-2022

4.197 Boracay Island

4.198 Map of Monitoring Stations in Boracay Island,
Malay, Aklan
4.199 Annual Average DO of Boracay Coastline Class SB,
CY 2022
4.200 Annual Average DO of Boracay Coastline Class SC,
CY 2022
4.201 Annual DO Compliance of Boracay Coastline Class
SB, CY 2022
4.202 Annual DO Compliance of Boracay Coastline Class
SC, CY 2022
4.203 Annual Average pH of Boracay Coastline Class SB,
CY 2022
4.204 Annual Average pH of Boracay Coastline Class SC,
CY 2022
4.205 Annual pH Compliance of Boracay Coastline Class
SB, CY 2022
4.206 Annual pH Compliance of Boracay Coastline Class
SC, CY 2022
4.207 Annual Average Temperature of Boracay Coastline
Class SB, CY 2022
4.208 Annual Average Temperature of Boracay Coastline
Class SC, CY 2022
4.209 Annual Temperature Compliance of Boracay
Coastline Class SB, CY 2022
4.210 Annual Temperature Compliance of Boracay
Coastline Class SC, CY 2022
4.211 Annual Average TSS of Boracay Coastline Class SB,
CY 2022

xxviii
4.212 Annual Average TSS of Boracay Coastline Class SC,
CY 2022
4.213 Annual TSS Compliance of Boracay Coastline Class
SB, CY 2022
4.214 Annual TSS Compliance of Boracay Coastline Class
SC, CY 2022
4.215 Annual Color Average Boracay Coastline Class SB,
CY 2022
4.216 Annual Color Average Boracay Coastline Class SC,
CY 2022
4.217 Annual Color Compliance of Boracay Coastline
Class SB, CY 2022
4.218 Annual Color Average Coverage Boracay Coastline
Class SC, CY 2022
4.219 Annual Fecal Coliform Geomean of Boracay
Coastline Class SB, CY 2022
4.220 Annual Fecal Coliform Geomean of Boracay
Coastline Class SC, CY 2022
4.221 Annual Fecal Coliform Compliance of Boracay
Coastline Class SB, CY 2022
4.222 Annual Fecal Coliform Compliance of Boracay
Coastline Class SC, CY 2022
4.223 Annual Phosphate (as Phosphorus) Average of
Boracay Coastline Class SB, CY 2022
4.224 Annual Phosphate (as Phosphorus) Average of
Boracay Coastline Class SC, CY 2022
4.225 Annual Phosphate (as Phosphorus) Compliance,
Boracay Coastline Class SB, CY 2022
4.226 Annual Phosphate (as Phosphorus) Compliance,
Boracay Coastline Class SC, CY 2022
4.227 Annual Nitrate Average of Boracay Coastline Class
SB, CY 2022
4.228 Annual Nitrate Average Boracay Coastline Class
SC, CY 2022
4.229 Annual Nitrate Compliance Boracay Coastline Class
SB, CY 2022

xxix
4.230 Annual Nitrate Compliance Boracay Coastline Class
SC, CY 2022
4.231 Annual OG Average of Boracay Coastline Class SB,
CY 2022
4.232 Annual OG Average Boracay Coastline Class SC,
CY 2022
4.233 Annual OG Compliance of Boracay Coastline Class
SB, CY 2022
4.234 Annual OG Compliance of Boracay Coastline Class
SC, CY 2022
4.235 Annual Fecal Coliform Geomean of Boracay
Wetlands, CY 2021 & 2022
4.236 Annual Fecal Coliform Compliance of Boracay
Wetlands
4.237 Annual Fecal Coliform Geomean of Outfall, CY 2
2021 & CY 2022
4.238 Annual Fecal Coliform Compliance of Outfall, CY
2021 & CY 2022

Solid Wastes

5.1 Overall Policy of RA 9003

5.2 Sources of Solid Waste in Region 6 from CY 2018-
2022
5.3 Sources of Municipal Solid Waste in Region 6, 2018
-2022
5.4 Composition of Solid Wastes in Region 6 as of 2020
5.5 Composition of Solid Waste in Region 6 as of CY
2022
5.6 Approved 10-year SWM Plans in Region 6, as of
2018 to 2022
5.7 Disposal Facilities in Region 6, as of CY 2022
5.8 Disposal Facilities in Region 6, CY 2018 – 2022
5.9 Sanitary Landfills in Region 6 as of CY 2022

xxx
5.10 Figure 5.10 Map of Eco-Parks in Region 6 as of
2022
5.11 Estimated 10-year Annual Waste Generation of
Region 6
5.12 Map of EMB-Funded MRFs in Region 6 as of 2022

Toxic Chemicals and Hazardous Waste

6.1 5-year Chemical Inventory from 2018 to 2022 for
Asbestos

6.2 5-year Chemical Inventory from 2018 to 2022 for

Cyanide

6.3 5-year Chemical Inventory from 2018 to 2022 for

Mercury

6.4 5-year Chemical Inventory from 2018 to 2022 for

PCB

6.5 5-year Chemical Inventory from 2018 to 2022 for

ODS
6.6 5-year Chemical Inventory from 2018 to 2022 for
HFC
6.7 5-year Trend of Hazardous Waste Generator ID
Issuance

6.8 Percentage of Hazardous Waste Generator ID

Issuances per industry type for CY 2022

6.9 Percentage of Hazardous Waste Generator ID

Issuances per province (2016 to 2022)

6.10 Permit to Transport Issuance per year from 2018

to 2022

6.11 5-year data on the transported versus the quantity

transported.

6.12 Five-year data on the disposed hazardous wastes

from Region VI

xxxi
6.13 2022 data for the Hazardous Wastes Transported
from Region VI (left) and the region where it was
disposed (right)

6.14 2022 Permit to Transport Issuance to Hazardous

Waste Generators by Region

Environmental Impact Assessment Impact Assessment

7.1 ECC issuances per Province for CY 2018-2022
7.2 Total Number of ECC issued per Province for CY
2022
7.3 Distribution of ECC Issued for Mineral Extraction
Projects by Province: 2021
Environmental Education
8.1 Photo Essay entries in line with the Zero Waste
Month
8.2 Photo and Story exhibit attracting mallgoers.
8.3 The online countdown for the Earth Hour
Celebration
8.4 BFP’s Spoken Word Artist Lance Parreño bagged
the first prize
8.5 The LGUs being awarded for their best practices
8.6 Orators from various government offices vied for
the top spot
8.7 Regional Director Pascua addressing the audience
ahead of the WEHD program
8.8 Regional Director Pascua, DENR Regional
Executive Director Duran and Partners spearhead
the e-waste collection during the regional
launching
8.9 Youth Leaders present their output during the
Youth Climate Convention
8.10 Participants of the Sikad, Taklad, Tanum at Brgy.
Dapdapan, Lemery, Iloilo
8.11 Climate Change Commissioner Albert P. dela Cruz
delivers his Keynote Message

xxxii
Environmental Administration
9.1 List of Personnel Attended 2021 Trainings
9.2 Leadership trainings attended by EMB 6 Personnel
9.3 Number of Personnel that Attended 2021 Training
by External Learning Service Providers

9.4 Annual Revenues -Regulatory Fees (Million Pesos)

9.5 Annual Revenues -Fines and Penalties (Million

Pesos)

xxxiii
AAE Adopt-an-Estero
APSI Air Pollution Sources and Installations
AQI Air quality index
ASB Anti-smoke belching
AVE Average

BACT Best available control technology

Basel Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary
Convention Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal

BFAR Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources

BLGD Bureau of Local Government Development
BOD Biochemical oxygen demand
BSWM Bureau of Soils and Water Management

CAAMS Continuous Ambient Air Monitory Station/System

CEAP Catholic Educational Association of the Philippines
CCO Chemical control order
CDO Cease and desist order
CNC Certificate of Non-Coverage
CO Carbon monoxide
COD Chemical Oxygen Demand
CFR Code of Federal Register

DA Department of Agriculture
DAO DENR Administrative Order

xxxiv
DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources
DepEd Department of Education
DILG Department of Interior and Local Government
DO Dissolved oxygen
DOE Department of Energy
DOH Department of Health
DOTC Department of Transportation and Communications
DP Discharge Permit
DPWH Department of Public Works and Highways
DTI Department of Trade and Industry

ECC Environmental Compliance Certificate

Environmental Education and Information Division
EEID
EI Emission inventory
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EIS Environmental Impact System
EMB Environmental Management Bureau
EMB-CO EMB Central Office
EMB-RO EMB Regional Office
ERDB Ecosystems Research and Development Bureau
ESWM Ecological Solid Waste Management

FA Financial assistance
FLO Final lifting order
FMB Forest Management Bureau

GPOA General Program of Action

Hg Mercury
HW Hazardous waste
HWG Hazardous waste generator
HLURB Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board

IBRS Iloilo Batiano River System

Information, Education, and Communication
IEC campaign

LAER Lowest achievable emission rate

LGU Local government unit

xxxv
LLDA Laguna Lake Development Authority
LTO Land Transportation Office
LWUA Local Water Utilities Administration

MARINA Maritime Industry Authority

Max Maximum
Municipal Environmental and Natural Resources
MENRO Office
Mg Milligram
MGB Mines and Geosciences Bureau
MIA-ASBU Metro Iloilo Airshed – Anti-Smoke Belching Unit
Min Minimum
MMDA Metropolitan Manila Development Authority
MMT Multipartite monitoring team
Montreal Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the
Ozone Layer
Protocol
MPN Most probable number
MRF Materials Recovery Facility
MWSS Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System

NAA Non-attainment area

NAAQGV National Ambient Air Quality Guideline Values
National Mapping and Resource Information
NAMRIA
Authority
NAQSR National Air Quality Status Report
National Emission Standard for Source Specific Air
NESSAP Pollutants
NIA National Irrigation Administration
NO2 Nitrogen dioxide
NOV Notice of violation
NPC National Power Corporation
NSO National Statistics Office
NSoBE National State of the Brown Environment
NSWMSR National Solid Waste Management Status Report
NWRB National Water Resources Board
NWQSR National Water Quality Status Report

O3 Ozone
ODS Ozone depleting substances

PAB Pollution Adjudication Board

xxxvi
PACU Philippine Association of Colleges and Universities
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and
PAGASA Astronomical Services Administration
Philippine Association of Tertiary Level Educational
PATLEPAM Institutions in Environmental Protection and
Management
PBE Philippine Business for Environment
Philippine Council for Aquatic and Marine Research
PCAMRD
and Development
Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and
PCARRD
Natural Resources Research and Development
Provincial Environment and Natural Resources
PENRO
Office
PIA Philippine Information Agency
PCAPI Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.
PCBs Polychlorinated biphenyls
PCD Pollution Control Division
PCG Philippine Coast Guard
PCL Priority chemicals list
PCO Pollution Control Officer
PETC Private emissions testing center
Philippine Inventory of Chemicals and Chemical
PICCS
Substances
P/O Permit to Operate
Particulate matter with diameter equal or lesser
PM10 than 10 microns
Particulate matter with diameter equal or lesser
PM2.5 than 2.5 microns
PNRI Philippine Nuclear Research Institute
Ppm Parts per million
PTT Permit to Transport

RCA Residual containment area

Regional Inter-Agency Committee on Environmental
RIACEE Education
Rotterdam Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed
Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals
Convention
and Pesticides in International Trade

RSoBE Regional State of the Brown Environment

xxxvii
 Strategic Approach to Integrated Chemical
SAICM
Management
SCRP Safe Closure and Rehabilitation Plan
SLF Sanitary landfill facility
SO2 Sulfur dioxide
SoBE State of the Brown Environment
SoE State of the Environment
SMR Self-monitoring report
SST Source Sampling Test
Std Standard
Stockholm Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic
Pollutants
Convention
SWM Solid Waste Management

TAW Tigum-Aganan Watershed

TCT Traffic Citation Tickets
TLO Temporary lifting order
TSD Treatment, storage and disposal facility
TSP Total suspended particulates

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate

UNFCCC Change
USAID United States Agency for International Development
USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency

Vienna Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone

Convention Layer

WACS Waste Analysis and Characterization Survey/Study

WB World Bank
WQ Water quality
WQMA Water Quality Management Areas
WQMF Water Quality Management Fund
WWDP Wastewater discharge permit

mg/NCM Micrograms per normal cubic meter

xxxviii
 Executive Summary

The Western Visayas, Region VI The EMB Region VI is

is an administrative region in mandated to implement the
the Philippines lying between following environmental laws:
Sibuyan Sea and Visayas Sea (1) RA8749 – Clean Air Act of
with six (6) provinces, namely, 1999, (2) RA 9275 – Clean
Aklan, Antique, Capiz, Water Act of 2004, (3) RA 9003
Guimaras, Iloilo and Negros – Ecological Solid Waste
Occidental as well as two (2) Management Act of 2000, (4) RA
highly urbanized cities, Bacolod 6969 – Toxic Substances and
City and Iloilo City. Hazardous and Nuclear Waste
Control Act of 1990, (5) PD
The region is famous for the 1586 – Environmental Impact
seafood, the sweet mangoes of Statement System and lastly (6)
Guimaras, the white sand beach RA 9512 – Environmental
of Boracay Island, the festivals Awareness and Education Act of
such as Ati-Atihan and 2008. Each law represents a
Dinagyang, and lastly the unique challenge and requires a
historical sites from different variety of strategies to
provinces which has their own implement effectively.
story to tell. As the Region
gradually develops into an The Air Quality of the
urbanized region, the demand Region is greatly affected by the
for natural resources increases contributions coming from three
as well as the production of major sources: stationary,
pollution may it be in the form mobile, and area sources.
of air, water, or solid waste Among the three sources,
pollution. stationary sources are the ones
being regulated and monitored
The Environmental by the EMB6. Under RA 8749,
Management Bureau (EMB) all industries classified as
Region VI identifies these social, stationary sources must comply
economic, and environmental
with the National Emission
consequences and has been
Standards for Source-Specific
adapting to the ever-increasing
demands for enforcement, Air Pollutants (NESSAP) and
monitoring, and management to Ambient Air Quality Standards
lessen the impacts of these (AAQS). As of CY 2022, EMB 6
sources of pollution to the has issued Permits to Operate
environment and on its (PTO) to 3,056 Air Pollutive
stakeholders. Industries, wherein Commercial

1
and Telecommunication Projects Quality Guideline Values
have the highest percentage of (WQGV), EMB 6 spearheads
this population with 17% three (3) programs: Sagip Ilog
respectively. Program, Recreational Waters
Monitoring Program, and the
For CY 2022, EMB 6 Water Quality Management Area
conducted an Emission Program. Additionally, EMB 6
Inventory from these three (3) partners with the private sector
sources of air pollution in the and local government units
Region which showed that under the Adopt-an-Estero
Mobile Sources account for 85% Program wherein as of CY 2022,
of the Total Load and Carbon there are a total of 38 adopted
monoxide is the major pollutant waterbodies by 92 donor
load which accounts for 51% of partners.
total pollutant emissions. The
Metro Iloilo Airshed (MIA) In terms of sources of water
Governing Board implemented pollution, as of CY 2022 EMB
actions to manage these mobile Region 6 has issued 434
discharge permits to owners,
source emissions including
and operators of facilities that
roadside apprehension, garage
discharges regulated effluents.
testing, and information drives EMB Region 6 has issued a total
on transport groups. The result of 383 Notice of Violations
of such activities is being against establishments that did
monitored through the Air not comply with the
Quality within MIA which covers requirements or standards
the municipalities of Oton, San mentioned in RA 9275.
Miguel, Pavia, Leganes, and the
Solid Waste Management
City of Iloilo.
remains a big challenge to EMB
The Water Quality of Region VI in terms of compliance
Waterbodies in the Region are of LGUs to RA 9003. According
also being monitored to to the Waste Analysis and
determine their compliance with Characterization Survey (WACS)
water quality guidelines specific conducted by 118 LGUs, 59% of
to their beneficial usage to the municipal solid waste comes
public. As of CY 2022, Region 6 from residential sources. These
has a total of 79 Classified municipal solid wastes are
waterbodies wherein 64 of composed of 55% biodegradable,
which are inland surface waters 23% recyclable, 20% residual,
and 15 are coastal/marine and 2% Special waste. To help
waterbodies. To maintain or in the waste diversion of these
increase compliance of collected wastes, EMB Region 6
waterbodies to the Water provided Biowaste Shredders

2
and Composters to 20 LGUs. which are Mineral Extraction
Projects. For projects not
Section 16 of RA 9003 requires covered by PD 1586, a
that “the provinces, cities, and Certificate of Non-Coverage
municipalities prepare their (CNC) is being issued wherein a
respective 10-year SWM plans total of 4,086 CNCs were issued
consistent with the National for CY 2022.
SWM Framework.” In Region 6,
118 out of 139 LGUs (85%) have To promote environmental
approved 10-year Solid Waste awareness and encourage public
Management Plans ready for support, this office maintains to
implementation. One of the enhance and improve the
main problems of LGUs in quality of environmental
complying with RA 9003 is the education and information
establishment of Sanitary
campaign in the Region,
Landfills due to its
focusing and prioritizing in the
establishment and operating
cost wherein only 17 out of 139 youth sector.
(13%) LGUs have established
and/or operated a SLF. The Environmental
Education and Information Unit
As to RA 6969, EMB (EEIU) considers the awareness
Region 6 has a total of 2,564 level of the community
establishments and companies regarding environmental
that have already registered as programs and projects as one of
Hazardous Waste Generators the factors in implementing
and 337 of which were programs since the programs
registered in CY 2022. Out of always aim to raise public
the 337 registered HWGs in the awareness and promote
region, 23% came from environmental consciousness.
accommodations, recreational,
and tourism establishments. Finally, EMB R6
Followed by healthcare successfully acquired
institutions such as hospitals, recertification for ISO
clinics, and diagnostic centers. 9001:2015 - Quality
Management System and ISO
To identify the potential 14001:2015 – Environmental
environmental impact of future Management System from 3rd
developments in the Region, the party provider.
EMB reviews and evaluates
projects prior to its issuance of In summary, the EMB R6
the Environmental Compliance continuously adapts to the new
Certificates (ECC). As of CY
normal environment brought by
2022, the EMB 6 issued a total the COVID-19 pandemic in a
of 560 ECCs wherein the
majority (49% or 276 ECC) of

3
fast-paced developing, and
emerging region in the country.
It recognizes the potential of the
Western Visayas, hence actively
formulates strategies and
programs to address the issues
and challenges without
hampering the service to its
stakeholders. This State of the
Brown Environment 2022
reflects all the results of the
activities of the bureau for CY
2022 and outlines its
recommendations for the further
improvement of the environment.

4
 Introduction

Western Visayas, Region VI formulating, integrating,

is one of the administrative coordinating, supervising, and
regions of the Philippines located implementing all policies,
in Central Philippines and lies
between the two large bodies of programs, projects, and activities
water, the Sibuyan Sea, and the relative to the prevention and
Visayas Sea. Region VI covers control of pollution as well as the
six provinces namely: Antique, management and enhancement
Capiz, Iloilo and Negros of the environment.
Occidental that were created in
1917 by virtue of Republic Act
No. 2711 and the other two Vision, Mission, and Objectives
provinces such as Aklan by the
virtue of Republic Act No. 2711 As stated in Philippine
and Guimaras, a sub-province of Developmental Plan 2017-2020
Iloilo since 1966 became a Overall Strategic Framework that
province on 1992 after the
one of the foundations for a
referendum. Region 6 has
sixteen (16) cities, one hundred sustainable development is on
seventeen (117) municipalities the physical environment that
and four thousand fifty-one will be characterized by a
(4,051) barangays. The Province balanced and strategic
of Negros Occidental has the development of infrastructure,
highest number of cities at 13 while ensuring ecological
including its capital, Bacolod
integrity and a clean and healthy
City. The province of Iloilo has
two (2) cities as well as its environment. As well as to
capital, Iloilo City. The lone city achieve sustainability in the
of the Province of Capiz together provision of ecosystem services
with its capital, Roxas City. and meet both the present and
future demand that intensifies
Perceiving the three sustainable management of
pillars of sustainability – natural resources and
economic viability, social equity, mainstream ecosystem values
and environmental protection in into national and local
the region, the Environmental development planning.
Management Bureau (EMB)
Region 6 created by virtue of P a r t i c i p a t o r y
Presidential Executive Order 192 environmental governance will
signed in 1987 by then President be an overarching principle in
Corazon C. Aquino is one of the implementing the various
bureaus under the Department strategies to achieve the
of Environment and Natural outcomes that will be adopted to
Resources (DENR) that address ecological, economic,
continues to function in

6
political, cultural, societal, economic viability.
human, and and spiritual
challenges and opportunities in 1.1.2 Objectives
a specific area. An important • To issue permits, clearances
partner of development is the Under RA 8749, RA 9003,
e n v i ron men t and na tur al RA 9275, RA 6969 and PD
resources (ENR) sector. However, 1586 and monitor
improper use and abuse of ENR compliance to said laws;
greatly diminishes the quantity • To abate air and water
and quality of its contribution to pollution sources to comply
development and, if left with the DENR standard;
unchecked for some time, can • To eradicate economic
result in the deterioration of the devastating effect of
quality of life of the people it improperly managed solid
serves. wastes by espousing good
management practices;
The mission of the Bureau must • To eliminate of disease-
ensure environmental integrity, causing hazardous wastes
good public health and economic in the environment through
viability as important proper storage and
foundations supporting the key treatment;
outcome ensuring the • Proper environmental
improvement of the the socio- planning and management
economic conditions of resource- through the Environmental
based communities through Impact Statement System;
sustainable integrated area and;
development. • Promote public information
and education to encourage
1.1 Vision participation of an informed
A nation empowered to citizenry in environmental
protect our finite natural q ua lity pla nning a nd
resources, attuned to the pursuit monitoring.
of sustainable development, for a
clean and healthy environment 1.3 Mandate
that enhances the Filipino The EMB shall be the
Quality of life for present and primary government agency
future generations. under the Department of
Environment and Natural
1.2 Mission Resources (DENR) mandated to
To protect, restore and formulate, integrate, coordinate
enhance environmental quality supervise and implement all
towards good public health, policies, plans, programs,
environmental integrity, and projects and activities relative to

7
the prevention and control of water quality management and
pollution as well as the for other purposes. This is also
management and enhancement to pursue a policy of economic
of the environment. growth in a manner consistent
The EMB is directed to with the protection, preservation
strengthen the enforcement and and revival of the quality of our
implementation of seven fresh, brackish and marine
environmental laws: waters.
T h e P h i l i p p i n e T h e N a t i o n a l
Environmental Impact Statement Environmental Awareness and
System (PD 1586) establishing Education Act of 2008 (RA 9512)
an Environmental Impact is an Act to promote
Statement (EIS) System environmental awareness
including environmental through environmental
management related measures education and for other
and for other purposes. purposes.
The Toxic Substances and The Climate Change Act of
Hazardous and Nuclear Waste 2009 ( RA 9729) is an act
Control Act of 1990 (Republic mainstreaming climate change
Act No. 6969) is an act to control into government policy
toxic substances and hazardous for mul at ion s, e sta bli sh ing
and nuclear wastes, providing framework strategy and program
penalties for violations thereof, on climate change.
and for other purposes.
The Philippine Clean Air 1.3 Major Thrusts
Act of 1999 (RA 8749) is an Act
providing for a Comprehensive The Environmental
Air Pollution Control Policy and Management Bureau primary
for other purposes. goal is for the attainment of the
The Ecological Solid Waste Quality of the Environment that
Management Act of 2000 (RA is favorable for today and the
9003) is an Act providing upcoming generations.
Ecological Solid Waste
Management Program, creating Clean Air
the necessary institutional • I n t e n s i f ie d e f f or t s t o
mechanisms and incentives, improve and maintain air
declaring certain acts prohibiting quality within standards
and providing penalties, based on the monitoring
appropriating funds therefore,
standards.
and for other purposes.
• Monitor compliance of 7970
The Philippine Clean
firms with Permit to Operate
Water Act (RA 9275) is an Act
Air Pollution Control
providing for a comprehensive

8
• Ambient air monitoring standards through
1. Sustainability in the monitoring, surveys and
continuous operation of 6 source emission testing.
ambient air quality monitoring
stations. Clean Water
• Intensify enforcement on Ambient Water Quality
mobile sources. Monitoring – Periodic
1 . C o n t i n u o u s monitoring of waterbodies
implementation of Garage under its respective programs.
Testing and Technical Assistance 1. Priority Rivers Monitoring
thru Free Emission Testing and Program – 4 Priority
IEC on Fuel Efficiency and Rivers
Regular Car Maintenance. 2. Recr ea tiona l Wa ter s
2 . C o n t i n u o u s Monitoring Program – 4
Water Bodies
implementation of roadside
3. Adopt an Estero and
apprehension of smoke belchers
Other Water Bodies
with MIA ASBU.
Monitoring Program – 36
3. Continuous Promotion on
Waters Bodies
the use of Alternative Fuel
• A c h i e v e 1 0 0 %
• Capaci ty bu ildi ng on
Classification of Primary/
Ambient Monitoring and Data
Major Water Bodies in
Management (QA/QC) and other
Region VI until 2022.
related aspects. • Full Operationalization of
• Metro Iloilo Airshed Four (4) of Water Quality
1. Continue to develop new Management Areas
policies and guidelines and (WQMA) and ensure the
review/revise existing policies to effective implementation
maintain and improve air quality of its respective WQMA
within airshed. Action Plans and their
2. Full implementation of Governing Boards.
Airsheds and their Governing • Continuous processing of
Boards. Waste Water Discharge
3. Sustainability of Airshed Permits (WWDP)
Management Governing Board Application of
Operations and its Action Plans establishment and firms.
Industrial compliance • Strengthen Compliance
monitoring. Monitoring of Waste
• Intensified enforcement on Treatment Facilities to
compliance monitoring of Water Quality Guideline
establishment with Values and to its issued
stationary sources with permits.
regards to permits • Continue to implement
conditions, emission

9
the Devices
Boracay Rehabilitation rational and orderly balance
Program in accordance with the between socio-economic
Boracay Action Plan CY 2018 – development and environmental
2022. protection. Here are the following
thrusts:
Ecological Solid Waste • Intensify environmental
Management compliance monitoring.
The law aims to adopt a • Conduct compliance audit
systematic, comprehensive and on all operational mining
ecological solid waste projects, coal fired power
management program that shall plants and others.
ensure the protection of public • Strengthen implementation
health and environment. This law of Online Applications for
drives the following: ECC and CNC and ensure
Provide support to LGUs and that processing of
other sectors relative to their Environmental Compliance
compliance with the Certificate (ECC)
implementation and requirements applications for proposed
of RA 9003, such as but not development projects within
limited to: the required timeframe.
• Proper closure and • Continue to develop
rehabilitation of existing standardized requirements
open and controlled focusing on addressing
dumpsites; critical impacts and risks
• Planning and development of associated with ECA
sanitary landfills, or other Projects (ECC checklist,
cleaner and safer forms of manual for EIS review, etc.)
waste disposal system; • Continuous implementation
• Waste management of MC2011-05 (Integrating
strategies and options. Disaster Risk Reduction)
• Promotion of 5Rs (reduce, and Climate Change
reuse, recycle, recover and Adaptation in the Philippine
residual management); Environmental Impact
• Establishment of Materials Statement System (ECC
Recovery Facility (MRF); and Issuances).
• Promotion of segregation of
solid wastes at source and Toxic Substances and
segregated collection. Hazardous Wastes
Management
Environmental Impact The law aims to regulate,
Assessment restrict, or prohibit the
This facilitates the im por ta tion, m a nuf a ctur e ,
attainment and maintenance of

10
processing, sale use and disposal Disposal (TSD) facilities and
of chemical substances and 780 Hazardous Waste
mixtures the present Generators (HWGs).
unreasonable risk to human • Development and
health. Implementation of
• Continue to process, inspect interactive database for
and issue environmental tracking of toxic chemicals.
permits under RA 6969. • Linkages with relevant
• Establish linkages with stakeholders and agencies
relevant stakeholders and on data exchange,
agencies on data exchange, collaboration and
collaboration on monitoring. monitoring.
• Strengthen compliance
monitoring of registered Legal Services Section
industries under RA 6969.
• Complete registration of Enforce environmental laws
hazardous waste generators under PD 1586 (Philippine EIS
and provide technical System), RA 6969 (Philippine
Toxic Substances and Nuclear
assistance for efficient
and Hazardous Waste
treatment and disposal of
Management Act), RA 8749
hazardous waste.
(Philippine Clean Air Act), RA
• Monitor and enforce the
9275 (Philippine Clean Water
Ozone Depleting
Act), and RA 9003 (Ecological
Substances (ODS)
Solid Waste Management Act)
registered nationwide
through issuance of Notice of
including confiscation of Violations, Order of Fines, Notice
illegal ODS. of Conferences and endorsement
• Develop new policies and to the Pollution Adjudication
amend/update existing Board (PAB) for computation of
chemicals rules and fines and penalties.
regulations.
• R e g u l a t i o n o n To provide the following
manufacturing, use, services, particularly to adapt
transport and disposal of with the worldwide covid-19
toxic substances and pandemic, the major thrusts of
hazardous wastes through the Regional Legal Services
Section are the following:
the issuances of clearance
63 firms monitored and 25 • Compliance to PAB
firms and establishments Resolution 2019 – 01 instituting
surveyed under chemical penalties for establishments
management. without Pollution Control
• Monitor 4 registered Officers, Discharge Permits,
Treatment Storage and

11
Permit to Operate and failure to Communication Program
submit Self-Monitoring Report; implementation.
• Environmental Education
• Utilization of the mode of
and social mobilization.
Electronic Service of Notices
• Development of Multi- media
of Violations/Conference to
materials such as the
proponents in lieu of
environmental education
personal services;
modules, guidebooks, video
• Conduct of E-TechCon via documentaries, etc.
vid eo co nf er en ci n g and • Conduct of training,
physical attendance with seminars/workshops/
social distancing measures lectures to different
for conduct of Technical stakeholders
Conferences; • Sustain partnership with
• Act as spea ke rs for DepEd, CHED, TESDA and
Trainings and Workshops strategic educators’ networks
relative to environmental • Production of factsheets/
laws; newsletters and press
releases.
Environmental Education and
• Development and
Information
dissemination of
The promotion of
environmental leaflets/
environmental awareness
primers/brochures/
through environmental
calendars, etc.
education shall encompass
• Phased implementation of
environmental concepts and
the National Education
principles, environmental laws,
Action Plan
the state of international and
- Environmental Education
local environment, local
in the Formal and Non-
environmental best practices, the
Formal Sectors.
thr ea ts of e nv iro nm en tal
- Institutional and Human
degradation and its impact on
Resources Capacity
human well-being, the
Building in Environmental
responsibility of the citizenry to
Education.
the environment and the value of
- Networking, Collaboration
conservation, protection and
and Communication for
rehabilitation of natural
Environment.
resources and the environment.
• Conduct of special events
for the national
The following are the major
environmental celebration
thrusts:
• Preparation of Annual State
•S u p p o r t to National
of Regional and National
Information, Education and

12
 Brown Environment Report • Review of Intended
Nationally Determined
Regional Environmental Contributions (INDC) targets for
Laboratory industrial processes and waste
sectors with LGUs and
The Regional Environmental industries.
Laboratory supports the • A s s e s s m e n t o f
e n vi r on me n ta l p r ot e ct io n Implementation for the
functions of the regional office Sectoral INDC Mitigation
and of the government through Options.
the conduct of the following • National Implementation of
thrusts: the Joint Crediting
• Continue implementation Mechanism (JCM), Clean
of Environmental Development Mechanism,
Laboratory Recognition and the new Carbon
(ELR) Scheme. Market mechanisms under
• Upgrading of the regional the Paris Agreement.
laboratory equipment • National Implementation of
based on DAO 98-63 and Climate and Clean Air
ISO 17025 requirements. Coalition Initiatives to
• Generate scientific data Reduce Short-Lived
and information to support Climate Pollutants.
f o r m u l a t i o n o f • Participation in climate
environmental policies, negotiations under the
standards/criteria, rules UNFCCC and its Kyoto
and regulations. Protocol being the
Philippine lead negotiator
Climate Change in CC mitigation, Article 6
Mainstreaming climate change and Article 13 of the Paris
into government policy Agreement.
formulations, establishing the
f r a mework s tra teg y a nd
program on climate change.
The major thrusts are:

• Institutionalize Climate
Change Adaptation thru
Mainstreaming of
Ecosystem-based
Adaptation (EbA) into
Convergence Areas.
• Implementation of the
National GHG Inventory.

13
 will meet client’s satisfaction by:
1.4 Compliance to ISO 1. I m p l e m e n t i n g
Standards environmental and quality
E n v i r o n m e n t a l performance through proper
Management Bureau - Region VI allocation and utilization of
has developed and implemented organizational resources,
a Q u a l i t y E n vi r o n m e n t a l waste minimization and
Management System (QEMS), prevention of pollution and
which uses ISO 9001:2015 and ecological waste
ISO 14001:2015 as a framework management;
that allows the organization to
document and improve its 2. Utilizing accurate and
practices in order to better factual data for the benefit
satisfy the needs and of our organization,
expectations of its customers, stakeholders a n d the
stakeholders and interested public; and;
parties.
2. 3. Providing manpower with
With the Vision-Mission in
adequate training,
place, Environmental
information and instruction
Management Bureau - Region VI
on quality activities and
adoptsthe Plan-Do-Check-Act
environmental protection.
Cycle approach in developing,
implementing and improving the
Through the Quality
effectiveness of the QEMS with
Environmental Management
the view of enhancing the System (QEMS), EMB RVI seek
satisfaction of partner-clients in to ensure continual improvement
providing products and services. in all processes.
The key business processes and
activities that affect the quality
of training and development
service are identified, managed
and monitored.
EMB RVI is committed to
the practice of total Quality
Environmental (QE) Management
System throughout the
organization and comply with
relevant statutory and legal
requirements.
This Office commits to
provide excellent services that

14
2.1 Geography is one of the richest fishing
grounds in the country.
Western Visayas, officially
designated as Region VI, is an
administrative region in the 2.1.1 Land Area
Philippines, occupying the The region has a total land
western section of the Visayas. It area of 20,223.2 sq km, which is
lies within 400km South of approximately 35.7% of the total
Manila and 150km west of Cebu land area of the Visayas and
City. Western Visayas is 6.74% of the Philippines. The
bordered, clockwise from the Province of Negros Occidental is
North, by the Sibuyan Sea, the biggest in terms of land area
Jintotolo Channel, Visayan Sea , with 792,607 hectares which is
Tañon Strait, Central Visayas, almost 40% of the total area of
Sulu Sea and the Tablas Strait. the region. Iloilo comes second
It covers 6 provinces, namely, with 471,940 hectares or 23%:
Aklan, Antique, Capiz, Capiz with 263,317 hectares or
Guimaras, Iloilo and Negros 13%: Antique with 252,201
Occidental, as well as two highly hectares or 12%: Aklan with
urbanized cities. The regional 181,789 hectares or 9% and
Guimaras with 60,457 hectares
center is the City of Iloilo.
or 3%.

It has 6 provinces, 117 Table 2.1 – Land Area by Province

municipalities, and 16 cities (two (in Hectares)
of which are highly urbanized % of the
cities administered Total
Province Land Area
independently from any Land
province). The total number of Area
barangays in the region is 4,051. Aklan 181,789 9
Negros Occidental alone has the Antique 252,201 12
highest number of cities at 13 Capiz 263, 317 13
including its capital, Bacolod Iloilo 471, 940 23
City. Iloilo has two cities Guimaras 60,457 3
including its capital, Iloilo City. Negros 792, 607
The lone city of the Province of Occidental 40
Capiz is its capital, Roxas City. TOTAL 2, 022, 311 100

The islands of the region

exhibit similar physical features
characterized by relatively wide
stretches of rivers and coastal
lowlands that spread inlands in
the interior areas. The region lies
within two large inter-island
water bodies, the Sibuyan and
Visayan Seas. It is surrounded
by a number of bays and coves
that provide good anchorage for Figure 2.1 – Land Area by Province
fishing boats. In fact, the region

16
2.1.2 Land Classification

The total land area of

2,022,311 hectares is classified
into Forestland covering an area
of 656,539.22 hectares
equivalent to 32% and Alienable
and Disposable lands covering
1,365,771.78 hectares or around
68%.
The Province of Aklan has
a total area of 181,789 hectares
of which 59% or 106,795 Figure 2.2 – Land Classification Map
hectares are classified as A & D Table 2.2 shows the land area of
while 41% or 74,994 hectares every provinces per Land
are classified as Forestland. Classification and among the
For the Province of Provinces of Region VI, Negros
Antique, 133,566 hectares or Occidental has the largest area
53% of its total land area of for both Forestland and A&D
252,201 hectares are classified Lands with a land area.
as A & D while 118,635 hectares
or 47% are classified as Table 2.2 – Land Classification per
Forestland. Province
Alienable and
The total land area of the Forestland
Province Disposable
(in ha)
Province of Capiz is 263,317 Land (in ha)
Aklan 74,994 106,795
hectares, of which, 64% or Antique 118,635 133,566
169,547.27 hectares are Capiz 93,769.73 169,547.27
classified as A & D and 36% or Guimaras 59,298.22 57,620.89
93,769.73 hectares classified as Iloilo 57,620.89 357,857
Forestland. Negros Occi-
252, 221.38 540, 385.62
dental
The Province of Iloilo has a
TOTAL 656, 539 1, 365, 735
total land area of 471,940 % of Total
32.88% 67.12%
hectares. Of this, 76% or Land Area
357,857 hectares are classified
as A & D while 24% or 2.1.3 Climate
57,620.89 hectares are
classified as Forestland. The region experiences Type
I and III climate. The prevailing
climatic condition in the region
The Province of Negros
is a combination of humid and
Occidental has a total land area
moist although some areas,
of 792,607 hectares of which
especially the upper half of
68% or 540,385.62 hectares are
Panay, experience the wet type of
classified as A & D, while 32% or
climate. Higher amounts of
252,221.38 hectares are
rainfall are experienced from
classified as Forestland. June to November when there
are more than 15 rainy days per
month. Lesser amounts of

17
rainfall and shorter number of The region has two highly
rainy days are experienced urbanized cities. The City of
during the remaining months. Bacolod posted a population of
Hot months are experienced in 600,783 persons, while the City
March & April and cold months of Iloilo had a population of
in January, February, and 457,626 persons.
December.

2.2 Demography Guimaras was the fastest

growing province in the region
with an annual population
2.2.1 Population growth rate (PGR) of 1.55
percent from 2015 to 2020. It
was followed by Aklan with a
The population of Western PGR of 1.45, Iloilo (1.23 percent),
Visayas grew from 1,083,474 in Capiz (1.18 percent), and
1903 to 7,954,723 as of May 1, Antique (1.10 percent). Negros
2020, an increase of 6,871,249 Occidental posted the lowest
people over the course of 117 PGR of 1.04 percent among the
years. The latest census figures
provinces. (Refer to Table 2.5)
in 2020 denote a positive growth
rate of 1.14%, or an increase of
418,340 people, from the The City of Bacolod posted
previous population of 7,536,383 a PGR of 1.42 percent, while the
in 2015. population of the City of Iloilo
grew by 0.45 percent.
This represented 38.65% of
the overall population of the Table 2.3– Population of Region 6 –
Western Visayas (Based on the 2000,
Visayas island group, or 7.30%
2010, 2015 and 2020 Censuses)
of the entire population of the
Philippines. Based on these Census
Census Total
figures, the population density is Year
Reference
Population
computed at 383 inhabitants per Date
square kilometer or
2000 May 1, 2000 6,211,038
992 inhabitants per square mile.
2010 May 1, 2010 7,102,438
Among the six provinces August 1,
comprising Region VI, Negros 2015 2015
7,536,383
Occidental had the biggest
population in 2020 with 2020 May 1, 2020 7,954,723
2,623,172 persons, followed by
Iloilo with 2,051,899 persons,
Capiz with 804,952 persons, Source: Philippine Statistics
Aklan with 615,475 persons, and Authority, 2021
Antique with 612,974 persons.
Guimaras had the smallest
p o p u l a t i o n w ith 1 8 7 , 8 4 2
persons.

18
Table 2.4 – Population of Region 6 per Province/Highly Urbanized City

Province/Highly Population
Urbanized City
2000 2010 2015 2020
Aklan 451,314 535,725 574,823 615,475
Antique 472,822 546,031 582,012 612,974
Capiz 654,156 719,685 761,384 804,952
Guimaras 141,450 162,943 174,613 187,842
Iloilo 1,559,182 1,806,576 1,936,423 2,051,899
Iloilo City 366,391 424,619 447,994 457,626
Negros Occidental 2,136,647 2,396,039 2,497,261 2,623,172
Bacolod City 429,076 511,820 561,875 600,783

Source: PSA
Table 2.5 Annual Population Growth Rate by Province / Highly Urbanized City
Province/
Highly
2000 to 2010 2010 to 2015 2015 to 2020
Urbanized
City
Aklan 1.73 1.35 1.45
Antique 1.45 1.22 1.10
Capiz 0.96 1.08 1.18
Guimaras 1.42 1.33 1.55
Iloilo 1.48 1.34 1.23
Iloilo City 1.49 1.02 0.45
Negros
1.15 0.79 1.04
Occidental
Bacolod City 1.78 1.79 1.42
Source: PSA

Of the 4,051 barangays in with 44,742 persons, both in the

Region VI, the largest in terms of City of Bacolod. The rest of the
population size is Mansilingan in top five most populous
the City of Bacolod, Negros barangays in the region are all
Occidental with 51,863 persons. located in the City of Bacolod.
It was followed by Estefania with
48,323 persons and Tangub

Table 2.6 Top Five Most Populous Barangays in Region 6

City /
Total
Rank Barangay Municipality /
Population
Province
1 Mansilingan City of Bacolod 51 ,863
2 Estefania City of Bacolod 48,323
3 Tangub City of Bacolod 44,742
4 Taculing City of Bacolod 42,052
5 Villamonte City of Bacolod 34,988
Source: PSA, 2020 Census of Population and Housing

19
2.3 Economy repair of motor vehicles and
motorcycles with 7.3 percent;
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing,
2.3.1 Labor Force and 4.1 percent; and Construction,
E m p l o y m e n t 13.1 percent.

Of the estimated 5.56 Among the major

million population 15 years old industries, Services accounted
and over in Western Visayas for for 59.0 percent of the region’s
April 2022, 3.46 million or about total economy in 2021. Industry
62.3 percent are in the labor shared 21.5 percent while AFF
force. Western Visayas’ labor shared 19.5 percent. Of the 5.7
force participation rate (LFPR) is growth of the GDP of the
1.1 percentage points lower than country, Western Visayas was
the national LFPR of 63.4 the seventh contributor with 0.3
percent. percentage point, and
accounting for 4.7 percent share
In the region, in terms of to the national GDP.
numbers, about 3.46 million
individuals 15 years old and over Western Visayas’ household
are in the labor force. Of this, spending expanded by 7.5
about 3.27 million individuals percent in 2021. The growth
are employed and about 194 bounced back after a contraction
thousand were unemployed. The of -8.5 percent in 2020.
number of individuals in the Expansions in the following
labor force decreased by 0.9 expenditure items were also
percent from the previous observed: Imports of goods and
quarter’s estimate of 3.50 million services from Rest of the World,
individuals. On the other hand, 27.2 percent; Government final
the number of unemployed consumption expenditure, 6.0
individuals increased from percent; Exports of goods and
previous quarter’s estimate of services to ROW, 4.4 percent;
164 thousand. However, and Gross capital formation, 1.0
compared to the same month a
percent.
year ago (April 2021) the number
of unemployed individuals
decreased from previous year’s Household spending of each
estimate of 253 thousand. individual in the region
increased by 6.6 percent in
2021. The real per capita HFCE
The economy of Western of the region was recorded at
Visayas rebounded to 5.9 PhP 101,617, lower than the PhP
percent in 2021 from the decline 122,112 national per capita
of -9.7 percent in 2020. The level.
Gross R egiona l Domestic
Product is P874.1 billion. The (Source: PSA 2019 to 2021
main drivers for the increase GRDP, base year 2018)
were observed in the following:
Wholesale and retail trade;

20
2.3.2 Business and Industries Source: PSA, Crops Statistics Division

Shown in Table 2.7, As shown in Table 2.8,

wholesale and retail trade, repair sugarcane was the major
of motor vehicles and temporary crop in the region
motorcycles is one of the major from 2020 to 2022, in terms of
business and industries in the agricultural production. The
region. other provinces in Western
Visayas reported “palay” as their
Table 2.7 Major Business and top temporary crop. Production
Industries in Region 6 as of 2021 inched up from 2.295 million MT
in 2020 to 2.357 million MT in
Number of 2021.
Name of Business
Establish-
and Industry The province of Iloilo is
ments
Agriculture, the major source of palay in the
Forestry and 2,397 region accounting for 43 percent
Fishing of the total regional rice
Manufacturing 4,875 production followed by the
Wholesale and provinces of Negros Occidental
Retail Trade; and Capiz with 20 percent and
Repair of Motor 53,594 16 percent, respectively. Palay
Vehicles and sufficiency increased from 122
Motorcycles percent in 2020 to 123 percent
Accommodation in 2021. This was attributed to
and Food Service 13,022 the substantial increase in palay
Activities production in the region,
Education 569 especially in the provinces of
Human Health
Antique and Capiz with a growth
and Social Work 773
of 16 percent and 10 percent,
Activities
respectively.
Source: DTI 6, Active Number of BN Registered,
2020 to 2022
In terms of corn
2.3.3 Agricultural Production production, its production went
Table 2.8 Agricultural up with an increase of 9.69
Production (in MT) percent from 2020 to 2021.

In the area of high-value

Type crops, priority commodities of
of 2020 2021 2022
Crops the region such as sugarcane,
coconut, mango, banana, abaca,
Sugarcane 15,279,680.12 15,784,522.31 14,216,596.90 cacao, and vegetable recorded
an increase of 3.3 percent, 6.34
percent, 13.91 percent, 5.03
Palay 2,295,579.75 2,356,902.44 2,321,593.72
percent, 33.59 percent, 15.48
percent, and 2.88 percent,
Coconuts 521,586.92 554,468.14 576,411.27
respectively. Meanwhile,
watermelon experienced a
Corn 320,379.86 351,443.67 344,460.64
challenging production
Banana 293,419.13 308,166.38 303,402.11 performance.

21
Table 2.9 Region 6 Facts and Figures

Geography*

No. of provinces 6
No. of cities 16
Highly Urbanized City 2
No. of municipalities 117
No. of barangays 4, 051
Land area 2, 022, 311 ha
Climate Type I and Type III

Demography**

Population 7,954,723
Population growth rate (%) 1.14%
No. of households 1,939,989
Population density (person/sq.
383
km.)
Mortality rate (per 1,000
deaths
population)
Hypertensive Cardiovascular
Disease (HCVD)
Pneumonia
Five leading causes of mortality***
Malignant neoplasm (cancer)
Injuries/accidents
Renal Diseases

Animal Bites
Hypertension
Five leading causes of Pneumonia
morbidity*** Urinary Tract Infection
Acute Respiratory Infection for
5yo and above

% of population with access to

97.25%
safe water***
% of household with sanitary
90.02%
toilet***

22
Economy**

Average annual family income Php 383, 039

Gross Regional Domestic Product

Php 874.1 B
(GDP) (2018) at constant 2000
prices)

Agriculture, Forestry and

Fishing,
Manufacturing
Wholesale and Retail Trade;
Repair of Motor Vehicles and
Motorcycles,
Accommodation and Food
Major industries Service Activities,
Education
Human Health and Social Work
Activities

Sugarcane
Palay
Major Agricultural production Coconut
Banana
Corn

23
3.1 Sources of Air Pollution restaurants, fuel refilling
stations, airport, and standby
generator sets.
Air pollution comes from
two major sources namely
natural and man-made sources,
but man-made air pollutants Based on the universe of
predominate the atmosphere
PTO, in compliance with the
primarily in areas undergoing directive of the EMB-Central
industrialization. For Office, EMB-VI has issued a
management purposes, air permit to operate to 3,056 Air
pollution sources were classified Pollutive Industries within
as stationary, mobile, and area, Region VI as shown in Table 3.1
as described in Republic Act (RA)
and Figure 3.1.
8749 or the Philippine Clean Air
Act of 1999.
Table 3.1 Total Number of Air
3.1.1 Stationary Sources Pollutive Industries in Region
VI based on PTO issued
Stationary sources refer to No. of
EIA Classification
any building or immobile Firms
structure, facility, or installation Agricultural processing 1
which emits or may emit any air Agriculture industry 3
pollutant and may be defined Agriculture, Food, and Related
generally as points of air Industries
3

emissions (e.g. smokestacks). Airports 3

Under RA 8749, all industries
All office and residential buildings
classified as stationary sources including storage facilities with no 309
should monitor their emissions hazardous or toxic materials

and report the results to the Animal feed mill 11

Department of Environment and Animal products processing 5
Natural Resources (DENR). All Asphalt batching plant 1
stationary sources must comply
Batching and crushing plant, sand,
with the National Emission and gravel washing
68
Standards for Source-Specific Air
Building including Housing, Storage
Pollutants (NESSAP) and Facilities and Other Structures
4
Ambient Air Quality Standards
Coal mining 7
(AAQS). Upon compliance with
the standards, the DENR issues Columbarium and similar projects 14
Dams, Water Supply, and Flood
a Permit to Operate to these Control Project
3
industries prior to their Commercial 526
operation.
Distillation and fermentation plants 4

Domestic wastewater treatment

2
facility
Stationary sources in
Extraction of non-metallic minerals 1
Region VI include diesel and coal
Fishery or aquaculture projects 1
-fired power plants, mills (sugar, Food preservation 1
flour, feed, and rice), malls, Golf Course Projects Complex 2
beverage manufacturing, food, Hazardous waste treatment,
4
batching and crushing plants, recycling, and/or disposal facilities

25
 Ice plant or processing 32 highest percentage of PTO
issuances, followed by
Institutional and other struc-
tures with laboratory facilities
109 commercial establishments
Land transport terminal 5
(including business centers,
malls, fast food/restaurants, and
Livestock animal industries 2
the like), and Telecommunication
Livestock or piggery projects 10
projects.
Livestock or poultry projects 42
LPG/LNG/CNG/similar
8
product storage and refilling
Metal-based products
5
manufacturing
Mining and Quarrying Projects 8
Natural stone processing plant 1
Other Processing or
10
Manufacturing Industries
Other types of food processing
24
industries
Power barges 2
Power Plants 35
Refilling or gasoline station
533
projects
Renewable energy projects
except waste-to-energy and 9
biogas projects
Resort and Other Tourism or
404
Leisure Projects
Rice or corn mill 136
Sanitary landfill for domestic
2
wastes only
Sea port, causeways, and
1
harbors
Shipbuilding, boatbuilding, and
other marine vessel 1
manufacturing or fabrication
Storage facilities for toxic or Figure 3.1 Total Number by
hazardous materials, Percentage of Air Pollutive
14
substances or products Industries in Region VI
(including those in PCL)
Storage of petroleum and
petrochemical (including 10
blending) Table 3.2 Total Number of Air
Subdivision and other housing Pollutive Industries within
2
projects in flat areas Region VI based on PTO issued
Substation or switchyard 16 CY 2017-2022
Sugar mills 15
Telecommunication Projects 516 Source Category Total No. of
Water supply projects (without Establishment
74
dams) with PTO
Wood and metal furniture
24 Small 2884
assembly
Wood processing projects 32 Medium 104
Large 68
In reference to the above
table, it indicates that fuel
refilling station projects have the

26
 air pollution not only in the
Metro Iloilo Airshed (MIA) but
also in other urban areas.
Poisonous elements from vehicle
emissions are discharged into
the ambient air at ground level,
where rapid mixing, dilution,
and dispersion are limited. This
is noticeable on some busy
streets, particularly during rush
hour. This is something
commuters will agree on. Motor
vehicles, particularly diesel-
Figure 3.2 Total Number by powered vehicles, are major
Percentage of Air Pollutive sources of visible black smoke,
Industries within Region VI the majority of which is soot.
based on PTO issued CY 2017- Fine particulate matter and
2022 smoke containing hydrocarbons,
organic acids, aldehydes, sulfur
Region VI has the largest
oxides, and nitrogen oxides are
number of small potential
the major air pollutants emitted
sources such as rice mills,
by diesel-powered vehicles, not
resorts/tourism projects, and
cell sites. If taken collectively, to mention other pollutants
emitted by gasoline-powered
these small sources could
contribute largely to the vehicles.
emissions of pollutants.
According to the LTO motor
vehicle registration for CY 2021,
the total number of registered
vehicles was approximately
637,527, with 89 percent (89%)
coming from private vehicles, 11
percent (11%) coming from for
hire vehicles, 1 percent (1%)
coming from government
vehicles, and (0.001%) coming
from tax-exempt vehicles. Due to
Figure 3.3 PTO Issued for CY a lack of data and other
2020-2022 necessary information, boats and
motor vehicles operating outside
A comparative column graph on
of national roads were not
the issuance of PTO for CY 2020-
2022 shows an increasing trend included in the inventory.
on the compliance of
establishments to RA 8749. Table 3.3 LTO R6 - Registered
Motor Vehicles

3.1.2 Mobile Sources For

Private Government Exempt
Hire
Motor vehicles have been
identified as the major source of 565,776 4,529 67,217 5

27
 only brief and infrequent
chemical inversions.

3.2 Emission Inventory

Emission Inventory is a tally

of air pollutants released into the
atmosphere. It frequently
contains total emissions for one
or more specific greenhouse
gases or air pollutants
originating from all sources (e. g.
Figure 3.7 Percent Area, Stationary, and Mobile
Distribution Per Classification Sources) classified in a specific
of Vehicle geographical area and within a
specified time span, usually a
definite year.
3.1.3 Area Sources
The creation of an Emission
Area sources are small Inventory is a critical step in the
sources that each emit a small process of managing air quality.
number of pollutants, but when Through computer dispersion
considered as a whole, they have modeling, emission inventories
a substantial impact. These are used to help determine
sources produce a range of significant sources of air
pollutants, such as dust, fly ash, pollutants, establish emissions,
and chemical oxides. These target regulatory actions, and
emissions either result from estimate air quality. Estimates of
spills and evaporation during emissions from various pollution
storage, fires, open burning, sources in a specific
transport, and the usage of geographical area are included in
volatile liquids, or they are an Emission Inventory.
byproducts of industrial
processes. The remaining portion
could come from construction An Emission Inventory is
operations, dust emission, and generally characterized with the
other particulate matter following aspects:
generated during the processing • Types and activities that
and transportation of cause emissions
commodities and goods. • Chemical or physical
activity of the pollutants
included
The most affected by the problem
of air pollution in the area are • Geographic area covered
major cities such as Iloilo, which • Time period over which
have both industrial and emissions are estimated
vehicular traffic. Fortunately, • Identification and
Iloilo City's meteorology and measurement of the
topography, as well as its presence of emitted
location on the coast, allow for

28
 pollutants in the ambient Table 3.4 Emission Inventory
air for Region 6, tons/year
• Air sampling instruments
that can detect pollutants
of concern Source PM CO NOx SOx VOC

• Applicable emission factor

values
Statio 8,327. 17,71 9,407 2,887 175.
For this purpose, the nary 24 0.12 .29 .35 14

Department of Environment and

Natural Resources – 29,969 201,2 30,83
100,
Mobile - 712.
Environmental Management .86 15.17 7.93
41
Bureau Region 6 has decided to
perform an Emissions Inventory 5,393. 587.9 4,658 4,422
10,9
for three (3) anthropogenic Area
34 3 .05 .29
62.6
1
sources of air pollutants within
Region 6, Western Visayas, 43,69 219,5 44,90 7,309
111,
namely stationary, mobile, and Total
0.44 13.22 3.27 .64
850.
16
area sources.

3.2.1 Emissions Inventory

Results

According to the Emissions

Inventory, the total load for PM
is 43,690.44 metric tons, CO is
219,513.22 metric tons, NOx is
44,903.27 metric tons, SOx is
7,309.64 metric tons, and VOC
is 111,850.16 metric tons.
Carbon monoxide is the major
pollutant load, accounting for
51% of total pollutant emissions
(see Table 1.0). Mobile Sources
account for 85% of total load, Figure. 3.4 Percent
followed by Stationary Sources
Distribution Per type of
at 9% and Area Sources at 6%. Pollutant
Air pollution sources with
boilers using rice hull as fuel
was not included in the 3.2.1.1 Stationary Sources
inventory due to lack of Emission Inventory Results
emission factors for
calculations. Subsequently,
Large stationary sources in
data from dry-cleaning, gasoline
Region 6 include diesel and coal-
dispensing, residential
fired power plants, mills (sugar,
construction, and non-
flour, feed, rice and corn,
residential construction were
not included due to lack of coconut oil, etc.), manufacturing
(beverage plants), mineral
resources for data gathering.
processing (clay, lime, SAG),

29
batching plants, and food As of CY 2022, there are three
processing plants. According to thousand fifty-six (3,056)
the Emission Inventory for establishments with issued
Stationary Sources, total PM is Permit to Operate in Region VI.
8,327.24 metric tons, CO is Most of these establishments
17,710.12 metric tons, NOx is manufacture or trade products,
9,407.29 metric tons, SOx is both institutional and
2,887.35 metric tons, and VOC commercial, and some of them
is 175.14 metric tons (Table 2.0). are subject to survey/inventory
Coal-fired power plants in Iloilo to determine their contribution
City, Concepcion, Iloilo, and to air emissions. According to
Semirara island are major SMRs and Source Sampling Test
sources of criteria pollutants (SST) submissions, two
emissions. Additionally, sugar thousand seven hundred sixty-
mills, feed mills, manufacturing seven (2,767) stationary sources
plants, and other power plants were included in the Inventory
in Western Visayas provinces for Stationary Sources. Coal,
use bunker fuel. bunker, and diesel fuels are
frequently used in power plants
and other manufacturing plants.
Table 3.5 Stationary Sources
Other fuels used include Low-
Emission tons/year
Sulphur Fuel Oil (LSFO), Coal,
Bagasse, and Wood.
PM CO NOx SOx VOC

8,327.2 9,407. 2,88 175.

The Emission Inventory for
17,710.12
4 29 7.35 14 Stationary Sources includes two
thousand seven hundred eight-
nine (2,789) stationary sources
of air pollutants. Generator sets
account for approximately 92%
of the Stationary Sources of air
pollutants. The Emissions
Inventory only included fuel-
burning equipment. Emissions
from other types of industrial
processes are also not included.

3.2.1.2 Mobile Sources

Emission Inventory Results

According to the Mobile Sources

emissions inventory, the total
Figure. 3.5 Percent annual emission for PM is
Distribution for Stationary 29,969.86 metric tons, CO is
Sources 201,215.17 metric tons, NOx is
30,837.93 metric tons, and VOC
is 100,712.41 metric tons (see
Table 6.0). CO is the pollutant

30
with the highest emissions assembly
(55%), followed by VOC (28%). • Burning of charcoal during
food preparation

Table 3.6 Mobile Sources • Aircraft movement

Emission, tons/year • Structural and vehicle fire
incidents
PM CO NOx SOx VOC

Based on data gathered by

29,969 201,215 30,837
-
100,712 the Bureau of Fire Protection,
.86 .17 .93 .41 Table 3.7 displays the
consolidated fire incidents within
Region 6. Residential fires
account for the majority of fires,
accounting for 650 incidents.
These data were used to
calculate Area Sources for CY
2021. Following that, an actual
survey on the actual amount of
residential cooking, specifically
within the boundaries of the
Metro Iloilo Airshed, was
included in the inventory.
However, due to a lack of data
collection manpower in other
Western Visayas provinces,
residential cooking data from
those provinces were not
included. As a result, pollution
Figure 3.6 Percent
Distribution of Pollutants for from local sources was
discovered to be extremely
Mobile Sources
difficult to quantify and estimate.

3.2.1.3 Area Sources

Emission Inventory Results

Events monitored under Area

Sources:
• Open burning of household
solid wastes materials or
debris
• Agricultural activities (e.g.
burning of rice hulls and
coconut husks)
• Forest fires either charcoal
making or grass fires
• Road and construction

31
Table 3.7 Fire Incidents within Region 6

The total load for PM is

5,393.34 metric tons, CO is
587.93 metric tons, NOx is
4,658.05 metric tons, SOx is
4,422.29 metric tons, and VOC
is 10,962.61 metric tons,
according to the Emission
Inventory for Area Sources (see
Table 4.8). VOC is the pollutant
with the highest emissions
(42%). However, because data
for dry cleaning, non-
residential, and residential
construction were unavailable,
the computations for the said
data were not included on the Figure 3.7 Percent Distribution
Emissions Inventory for Area of Pollutants
Sources.

3.2.1.4 Emission Inventory

Table 3.8 Area Sources Formula
Emission Inventory, tons/
year
Emission Calculations
were done using the formula
PM CO NOx SOx VOC below

5,393. 4,422 10,96

587.93 4,658.05
34 .29 2.61
E = AR X EF

E = Emission Estimate
(Tons/Year)
AR = Activity Rate (Annual
Fuel Consumption, Power
Consumption, Process Rate, etc.)

32
EF = Emission Factor (AP 42 property,
5th, EPA / NEDS Emission
Factors)
(3) Provide and evaluate air
quality management control
3.3 Ambient Air Quality strategies such as emission
Monitoring limitations from mobile and
stationary sources, location of
commercial, industrial and
Table 3.9 National Ambient Air
residential facilities, assist in the
Quality Guideline Value
promotion and use of an
Short Term Long Term improved transportation system
Pollu μg/
Ave. μg/ pp
Ave
.
and non-pollutive fuel
tants NC
M
ppm
Time NCM m Ti
me
alternatives, to validate
23 1
dispersion models, and in the
TSP 24 hr 90
0 yr operation of MIA.
15 1
PM10 24 hr 60
0 yr
PM2. 1
35 24 hr 25
5 yr Table 3.9 and 4.0 shows the
18 0.0 1
SO2
0
0.07 24 hr 80
3 yr NAAQGV and the Air Quality
NO2
15
0.08 24 hr Indices (AQI) Annex A DENR
0
Department Administrative
Photo
Chem
14
0.07 1 hr
Order (DAO) 2000-81
0
ical
respectively.
Ozon
e 60 0.03 8 hr

CO
35 30 1 hr
Table 4.0 Annex A DENR –
10 9 8 hr
Administrative Order No. 2000
3 1
Lead 1.5
mos.
1
yr
-81 (IRR for RA 8749)

TSP PM10 PM2.5

of TSP and Particulate Matter (μg/ (μg/ (μg/
Levels of
(PM) due to the unavailability of Concern
NCM) NCM) NCM)
equipment to monitor other 24-hr 24-hr 24-hr
pollutants. Ave. Ave. Ave.
Good 0-80 0-54 0-12
55015 12.1-
The objective of ambient air Fair 81-230
4 35.4
monitoring is to: 231- 155- 35.5-
Unhealthy
349 254 55.4
Very Un- 350- 255- 55.5-
(1) Assess air quality in a certain healthy 599 354 150.4
area in relation to the National Acutely Un- 560- 355- 150.5-
Ambient Air Quality Guideline healthy 899 424 250.4
Value (NAAQGV), 900- 42505 250-
Emergency
above 04 500.4
(2) Observe long-term trends, to
assess and protect DENR - EMB Region VI currently
environmental and health risks has five (5) operational manual
as well as to reduce damage to monitoring stations that include
PM and TSP determination. EMB

33
 Leganes
also has one (1) Continuous Municipal
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Grounds
Station (CAAQMS) that can Leganes 10.785443 PM10, PM2.5
N,
monitor ambient air pollutant 122.590421
concentrations in real time. E
Table 3.0 displays the ambient Pavia
air monitoring stations, as well National
High School
as the geographical coordinates Grounds
Pavia PM10, PM2.5
and parameters being measured. 10.779521
N,
122.539292
E
New Bacolod
Government
Center
Bacolod
10.658713 PM10, PM2.5
City
N,
122.967353
E

3.3.1 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY

MONITORING STATUS

3.3.1.1 La Paz Ambient Air

Figure 3.8 Map of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Station
Monitoring Stations within
Region VI Figure 3.9 shows the
annual results of Ambient Air
Monitoring conducted in La Paz
Table 4.1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Station. Results
Monitoring Stations of DENR - revealed that 60 out of 60
EMB Region VI sampling events or 100% are
within the NAAQGV which is 230
Address ug/NCM. TSP concentration for
and
Monitorin
Geographic
Parameter/ La Paz Monitoring Station in
g Station s Monitored
al terms of AQI is generally “Good”.
Coordinates
La Paz Plaza
10.712088
La Paz N, TSP
122.571148
E
Oton
National
Elementary
School
Oton PM10
10.692131
N,
122.478487
E
USA
Campus Figure 3.9 Annual TSP
University Grounds
of San 10.698963 PM10, PM2.5 Concentration of La Paz
Agustin N, Monitoring Station, CY 2022
122.564013
E

34
 Comparison of TSP
concentration from CY 2020 to
CY 2022, CY 2022 showed an
increase in the annual geometric
concentration compared to CY
2021 but is lower compared to
CY 2020

3.3.1.2 Oton Ambient Air

Quality Monitoring

No ambient air sampling

conducted at Oton Ambient Air
Quality Monitoring Station for
CY 2022 due to the ambient air
equipment site location transfer.
The equipment was removed last
Annual TSP concentration January 2022. It was proposed
average (geometric mean) for La to be transferred by DENR–EMB
Paz monitoring station is 31 μg/ R6 to meet the minimum site
NCM which is compliance with requirement of ambient air
the NAAQGV for 1-year monitoring quality stations. In
averaging time of 90 μg/NCM. the first half of CY 2022, the
relocation of the site and repair
of the equipment platform were
Local sources of pollutants efficiently coordinated with
for La Paz includes vehicular MENRO Oton. By the final week
emissions considering that the of December 2022, the ambient
station is approximately 15m air equipment was reinstalled in
from the nearest road and is the new location. The Oton
categorized as roadside AAQMS will begin sampling
monitoring station. activities again in the first
quarter of CY 2023.
Table 4.2 Comparative Annual
Statistics of TSP
Concentration in La Paz
Monitoring Station, CY 2020 -
CY 2022
La Paz TSP Monitoring Station

CY 2020 CY 2021 CY 2022

Minimum 9 2 16

Maximum 95 51 55 Figure 3.9 Siting of relocation

Arithmetic Mean 36 23 32 site for ambient air sampling
equipment at Oton, Iloilo
Geometric Mean 34 20 31

35
3.3.1.3 Leganes Ambient Air Station, 60 out of 60 or 100%
Quality Monitoring sampling events conducted are
within the NAAQGV for 24-hr
period and ranges from “Good” to
Figure 4.0 shows the PM10 “Fair” AQI.
concentration in Leganes
Station, showing 60 out of 60 or
100% of the sampling events are
within the NAAQGV for 24-hr
sampling period. In terms of
AQI, Leganes Station is
generally “Good”

Figure 4.0 PM10

Concentration of Leganes Figure 4.2 PM2.5
Station CY 2022 Concentration of Leganes
Station CY 2022

Figure 4.1 Annual PM10 AQI

Frequency Distribution of Figure 4.3 Annual PM2.5 AQI
Leganes Monitoring Station, Frequency Distribution of
CY 2022 Leganes Monitoring Station,
CY 2022
Figure 4.2 shows the PM2.5
Concentration in Leganes

36
3.3.1.4 University of San
Agustin Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring Station

No ambient air sampling

conducted at University of San
Agustin Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring Station for CY 2022.

The sampling was halted

due to equipment failure. Figure 4.5 Proposed
Equipment was pulled out for Relocation sites for USA
repair and was returned to the AAQMS
office in good condition in June
2022. It was scheduled to be
reinstalled by July 2022. 3.3.1.5 Pavia Ambient Air
However, upon site inspection, Quality Monitoring Station
the current site location is within
an ongoing construction zone,
which may affect the ambient air Figure 4.6 shows the PM10
sampling results. concentration in Pavia Station,
showing 60 out of 60 or 100% of
the sampling events are within
Proposed site relocation is the NAAQGV for 24-hr sampling
currently being discussed with period. In terms of AQI, Leganes
the PCO of the University. Station is generally “Good”.
Reinstallation of the equipment
is scheduled on the first quarter
of CY 2023.

Figure 4.4 On-going

construction at the current
Figure 4.6 PM10
location of USA AAQMS
Concentration of Pavia Station
CY 2022

37
 Figure 4.8 PM2.5
Concentration of Pavia Station
CY 2022

Figure 4.9 Annual PM2.5 AQI

Figure 4.7 Annual PM10 AQI Frequency Distribution of
Frequency Distribution of Leganes Monitoring Station,
Pavia Monitoring Station, CY CY 2022
2022

3.3.1.6 Bacolod Ambient Air

Figure 4.8 shows the PM2.5 Quality Monitoring Station
Concentration in Pavia Station,
58 out of 60 or 97% sampling
events conducted are within the No samples were collected
NAAQGV for 24-hr period and for Bacolod CAAQMS during CY
ranges from “Good” to 2022. The station is still waiting
“Unhealthy” AQI. 2 sampling for repairs after being damaged
events that was conducted last by typhoon Odette last December
July 2022 resulted an out of 2021. The condition of the
standard results. There has been equipment and the extent of
no unusual activity noted during damage were also reported in a
the sampling. memo to the Central Office
AQMS.

Repair and maintenance of

the equipment was done last
August 2022. However,
additional machine repairs are
required to run the sampler. The
person in charge of the repair
has already been contacted for
further inspection.

38
3.4 AIR QUALITY 186. The COVID–19 pandemic
caused a decrease in the number
MANAGEMENT
of Permit to Operate issuances
which results to companies
having a Permit to Operate that
3.4.1 Management of is valid for 1 to 5 years. Issuance
Stationary Sources for CY 2021 has increased to
253 PTOs.
According to the Clean Air Act of
1999, a "stationary source" is
any building or fixed structure, The Bureau also conducts
facility, or installation that emits monitoring, validation, and
or may emit any air pollutant. evaluation to ensure that sound
According to DENR MC 2007- environmental management is
003, "Policy on Compliance and implemented prudently within
Permitting for Industrial an establishment and its
Facilities Relating to Air operating areas. This is
Quality," these sources are accomplished by surveying firms
classified as small, medium, and that do not have the necessary
large and must comply with the permits, monitoring firms that
Environmental Management have previously been issued
Bureau's permitting permits, and penalizing those
requirements. found to have violated the
provisions of the Philippine
Table 4.3 Total Number of Air Clean Air Act (RA 8749) or other
Pollutive Industries within applicable environmental laws.
Region VI categorized as
small, medium, and large with
issued Permit to Operate from Specifically, the bureau
CY 2019-2021 aims to ensure the following:
Year No. of Source
Permits Category
• Firm’s compliance with the
Issued
conditions set in the Permit
to Operate (PTO).
2019 613 Small – 2884
• Effectiveness of air pollution
2020 186 Medium – 104 abatement measures and
2021 253 Large – 68 APCD.
Source: Clearance and Permitting Division • Continuous updating and
improvement of pollution
In 2019, the Bureau issued control measures.
a total of 613 Permits to Operate Table 4.4 Monitoring of
and has decreased in 2020 since Stationary Sources, CY 2019-
the start of the pandemic. The 2021
PTOs issued are classified as Remarks
SST Ob-
small sources (2884), medium Yr.
served Passed Failed
sources (105), and large sources
(68). The number of issued 2019 22 20 2
permits for 2020 has greatly 2020 16 16 0
decreased to 70%, from 613 to 2021 31 31 0

39
 To properly manage being surveyed. The survey of
stationary sources, all firms in APSE is currently critical for
the region should be closely pollution control. This will also
monitored, with necessary fees allow for the comparison of
imposed and Notices of Violation various processes and types of
issued in the case of equipment suitable for pollutant
noncompliance. Pollution abatement and control.
Control Officers (PCOs) must be
designated by industries to Table 4.5 Industries Monitored
oversee all operations related to and Surveyed within Western
air pollution sources and control Visayas
facilities, as well as submit
quarterly Self-Monitoring No. of
Reports to the DENR (SMRs). firms
No. of No. of required
Yr. firms firms of SST
Establishment owners are Monitored Surveyed based on
encouraged to install high-tech PO
facilities and implement issuances
mitigating measures to reduce
the amount of air pollutants 201
1573 366
produced during their 9
operations. The Multipartite 202
1591 316 34
0
Monitoring Teams (MMT) of the
project and company establish 202
1802 379
1
ambient air quality monitoring
stations in large scale industries Source: EMED and CPD
such as power generating plants.
For particulate and gas Air Pollution Sources and
emissions, a continuous Control Installations (APSCIs)
Emission Monitoring System installed in accordance with MC
(CEMS) is required to be 2007-03 "Policy on Compliance
installed. and Permitting for Industrial
Facilities Relating to Air Quality"
are monitored on a regular basis
The Source Sampling Test
to effectively check compliances
(SST) was observed on a regular
or exceedances with emission
basis for APSIs covered by MC
standards. Power plants with
2016-08 of RA 8749. The Global
large APSICs and installed
Covid-19 pandemic was
Continuous Emission
responsible for the decrease in
Monitoring Systems are the most
the number of SST observed
common (CEMS). The number of
between 2019 and 2020. As
firms monitored increased from
everything returned to normal
1591 in 2020 to 1802 in 2021.
after the pandemic, the number
of SST observed in 2021 has
The number of firms
increased by around 50%.
surveyed increased from 316 in
2016 to 379 in 2020,
In accordance with R.A. A
representing an 16.6% increase.
total of 8749 firms and
establishments operating APSEs
without a Permit to Operate are

40
 The Source Emission operations. The primary goal of
Inventory is part of a larger air the activity is to instill discipline
quality management process. among members of the
The measurement and transportation sector in order for
monitoring of source air quality them to adhere to the mandate
is an important component of of the Clean Air Act and to
the overall air pollution control assess the efficacy of the series
strategy and a useful tool in of smoke emission testing
assessing the extent to which air activities.
quality goals are being met
through industry control
The MIA-ASBU Team has
measures.
been conducting Roadside
Inspection/Apprehension with
3.4.2 Management of Mobile
IEC activities at various major
Sources thoroughfares within the MIA
from CY 2016 to 2021.

To lead the desired action

plan by the Board, the Metro
Iloilo Airshed (MIA) developed an
Action Plan that includes Key
Areas, Required Actions,
Expected Output, Measures,
Frequency of Implementation,
Timeframe, and Agency involved.

The MIA Governing Board

has currently implemented some
of the specified required actions
to manage mobile sources. These
are the following:
Figure 5.0 Conduct of
Roadside Inspection /
• Increasing and sustaining Apprehension within the
compliance of mobile Metro Iloilo Airshed
sources through roadside
apprehension Table 4.6 CY 2019 – 2021
Roadside Inspection
The Metro Iloilo Airshed Anti- Comparison
Smoke Belching Unit (MIA-
ASBU) Enforcement & IEC Team Roadside
2019 2020 2021
is a proactive approach to Inspection
achieving and maintaining Passed 52 11 12
healthy air. Failed 107 14 5
Impounded
0 0 0
The MIA-ASBU Enforcement by LTO
and IEC Team conducted
roadside inspections and arrests
in conjunction with IEC

41
 All impounded vehicles are status of their vehicles
transported to the impounding (temperature gauge, air cleaner
area in San Miguel, Iloilo, element, pressure gauge, breaks,
escorted by officers from the LTO wheels, signaling devices, and so
R6. Furthermore, the driver is on) before driving. They were
referred to the LTO for further also reminded to always
instruction, and operators are remember the SAFETY-FIRST
informed of the associated principles.
penalties for such violations. The As of CY 2021, 139 (78.1
first offense costs Php 2,078; the percent) of the 178 vehicles
second offense costs Php 4,078; tested passed the SET, while 39
and the third offense costs Php (21.9 percent) failed. Due to the
6,078 and requires the violator COVID 19 pandemic, only a
to attend an LTO R6 seminar. If limited number of Garage SET
the vehicle is charged with the activities were carried out in CY
first to third offense within a 2021.
year, the motor vehicle
registration (MVR) will be
suspended. Table 4.7 Comparative Results
of Garage SET CY 2019-2021
• Conduct of garage testing
as awareness and
advocacy campaign 2019 2020 2021

848 or 141 or 139 or

Passed
81.85% 87.57% 78.1%
MIA-ASBU increased public
awareness of the need to reduce 188 or 20 or
Failed 39 or 21.9%
air pollution from motor vehicles 18.15% 14.18%
by hosting a series of Free
Garage Smoke Emission Testing Total 1,036 161 178
(SET) activities for different
transport associations within
MIA areas.
• Conduct of Information
Education and Advocacy
Each member of the MIA- campaign on Transport
ASBU Team was also required to Groups
keep a record book to log their
maintenance and check-ups. Our main goal is to disseminate
The members will be made aware information to protect, preserve,
of how the ASBU Team, and the and conserve what Mother
smoke belchers affect the Nature has to offer in order to
environment, as well as enforce environmental laws and
techniques for mitigating monitor and protect our finite
excessive emissions and proper natural resources and vital
maintenance. natural elements to living
organisms.
ASBU members also
stressed the importance of This is part of our Clean Air
engine maintenance and safety, awareness campaign and
advising the group to check the

42
advocacy to support activities monitoring as part of Key Result
that promote cleaner, healthier, Areas (KRA).
and greener air for all. In light of this, each regional
office must submit to the Central
Office an assessment report that
The Metro Iloilo Airshed includes the list of accredited
Anti-Smoke Belching Unit (MIA- PETCs in the region, the
ASBU) Enforcement and IEC emission test equipment used by
Team host this forum for the the PETC, the daily number of
operators and drivers of the vehicles serviced by the PETC,
transport groups who have taken and the number of vehicles
advantage of the Free Garage passing/failing the emission test.
Smoke Emission Testing (SET). Interconnected government
Upon registration, IEC materials agencies such as DTI and LTO
were also distributed. were also contacted and asked
for the necessary data.
The following topics are
presented during the forum: As of CY 2021 there are a
• Brief Salient Feature of RA total of 70 accredited &
8749 or Philippine Clean Air authorized PETC in Western
Act of 1999 and overview of Visayas.
MIA - presented by EMB
Based on PETC monitoring
• Proper Engine Maintenance
for CY 2021, a total of 45731
- discussed by the Technical
vehicles were tested, with 45182
MIA-ASBU Consultant passing with a passing
• Road Safety and Etiquettes percentage of nearly 99% for
- discussed by LTO Compression Ignition (Diesel
• Best Practices from the Engines) and 110678 passing
with a passing percentage of
Transport Groups
99.3% for Spark Ignition
(Gasoline Engines). Emission
An open forum follows the testing was performed as one of
presentation to cater questions, the LTFRB's requirements prior
inquiries, feedbacks, and to vehicle registration.
reactions of the participants. A
Certificate of Emission
3.4.3 Management of Area and
Compliance
Other Sources
• Metro Iloilo Airshed
• Monitoring of Private
Emission Testing Centers One of the Air Quality
Principles stated in RA 8749's
IRR is the recognition that
DENR-EMB Region VI environmental cleaning is
collects monitoring data on primarily area-based, and that
Private Emission Testing Centers air quality management and
(PETCs) with a focus on control are most effective at the
managing emissions from mobile airshed level. "Airsheds," as
sources in tandem with PETC

43
defined by the act, are areas with TAS, LGUs, academes, transport
similar climate, meteorology, and groups, and NGOs in Negros
topography that affect the Occidental. Functions and
interchange and diffusion of importance of the Technical
pollutants in the atmosphere. Working Groups (TWGs) were
Airshed sub-areas may thus emphasized to empower the TWG
have similar air quality and face members to actively participate
similar problems, development in the initial phase of
programs, and prospects. As establishing the new airshed in
stated in DAO 2005-11 the Central Negros areas.
"Establishment of the
Metropolitan Airshed and its
3.4.3.1 Local Government
Governing Board," this was the
foundation for the creation of the Initiatives
Metro Iloilo Airshed.
• Iloilo City’s Anti-Smoking
Ordinance
The Metro Iloilo Airshed
(MIA) is made up of one city and
four municipalities: Iloilo City The Anti-Smoking
and the towns of Oton, San
Ordinance was passed by the
Miguel, Pavia, and Leganes. Iloilo City Government. The Iloilo
City Anti-Smoking Task Force
(ICAST) is strictly enforcing the
amended ordinance, which
mandates a complete ban on
smoking in all establishments.

Establishments are
prohibited from establishing
smoking areas for smokers
under the amended ordinance,
• Proposed Central Negros Regulation Ordinance No. 2006-
Airshed 150, or The Comprehensive Anti-
Smoking Ordinance of Iloilo City.

A coordination meeting
with stakeholders/prospective Violators will be fined Php
members of the Governing Board 1,500 for the first offense, Php
for the establishment of the 2,500 for the second offense, and
proposed Central Negros Airshed Php 5,000 with a one-week
(CNA) was conducted. The suspension for the third and
second meeting was to organize subsequent offenses.
the proposed Interim Technical
Working Group (TWG) members
and a training for the Interim • Oton-LGU’s Stricter
TWG. Interim TWG meeting was Enforcement of Zoning
attended by the head of EMB Sanitation and other
PEMU-Negros Occidental, MIA environmental
ordinances.

44
 Executive Order (EO) No. 6, alley rubbish, garbage, paper or
also known as "An Order other combustible material and
Directing the Municipal burning of hazardous materials.
Environment and Natural Violators shall be fined with Php
Resources Office (MENRO) to 2,500.00.
Issue Environmental Clearance
to Applicants with Business
Establishments that Qualify with • Pavia Municipal
Ordinance 2018-05:
the Standard Sanitation," was
"Ordinance Regulating
issued by the local government
Emissions from Road
unit of Oton, Iloilo. Under this
Construction, Building
EO, all applicants' business
Construction/Demolition
permits shall be subject to
assessment and evaluation in Activities, Transportation
of Construction Materials
order to qualify for the issuance
of Environmental Sanitation and Quarry Supplies and
Prescribing Penalties
Clearance from t Following such
Thereof"
approval, their environmental
application can be forwarded to
the appropriate Agency. The ordinance prohibits
the emission of particulate
• Establishment of Eco- matter from any source
Parks/ Green Zones. whatsoever including, but not
limited to, vehicular movement,
transportation of construction
Two (2) Memorandum of and quarry materials,
Agreement (MOAs) were signed construction, alternation,
on February 17, 2021 between demolition or wrecking or
DENR R6 and Iloilo City industry related activities such
Government for the Iloilo as loading, storing or handling
Botanical Garden and without taking reasonable
Biodiversity Conservation Park precautions to prevent emission.
Project known as “Iloilo City
Park" and Eco-Park Development 3.5 Legislation and Policy
and Mangrove Management under Air Quality Management
Rehabilitation, Protection and
Enhancement Project or to be
known as “EcoPark 2”. Republic Act 8749 or the
Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999
states the right of every Filipino
• Prohibiting Open-Burning to breathe clean air and live a
and Prescribing Penalties healthy life. It also lays down the
Thereof" policies to control the spread of
air pollution and outlines
different programs to manage
The Municipality of Pavia and maintain air quality. Further
passed the Municipal Ordinance improvements on fuel quality
2015-03 which prohibited setting and sets regulations for
of fire or burning in any yard, lot industrial sources of air
(vacant or occupied), street, or pollution. All potential sources of

45
air pollution must comply, and
emissions must be within the Table 4.8 Laws and Policies
air quality standards set are under RA 8749
required in the Act and its
Code Title Date
Implementing Rules and Approved
Regulations (DAO 2000-81). MC Clarificatory June 08,
2016- Guidelines on the 2016
008 conduct of stack
Integrated Air Quality emission test by
DENR-EMB and its
Improvement Framework (IAQIF) accredited third-
was developed through RA party source
8749, to determine the emission testing
Nonattainment and Attainment firms (TPSETF)
DAO Providing for new December
areas through airshed and the 2016- fees and charges 01, 2016
National Emission Standards for 28 for various services
Source Specific Air Pollutants of the
(NESSAP). There are four (4) Environmental
Management
Major criteria pollutants as Bureau
basis in declaring attainment MC Guidelines for the August 05,
and nonattainment in an 2019- conduct of 2019
airsheds, namely: Nitrogen 007 Isokinetic
Sampling in
Oxides (NOx), Sulfur Oxides
Tapered Stacks
(S0x), Carbon Monoxide (CO), DAO Establishing the Oct. 21,
and Particulate Matter (PM10). 2020- breakpoints for 2020
14 Particulate Matter
2.5 Air Quality
Index and
Some industries have
Amending Section
shifted to biomass fuels such as 5 of DAO 2013-13
rice hulls and bagasse. Most of “Establishing the
the sugar mills in Western Provisional
National Ambient
Visayas have been using
Air Quality
bagasse as their main fuel in Guideline Values
boilers. Also, some Diesel Power for Particulate
Plants have considered fuel Matter 2.5”
MC Mandating All Jan. 27,
blending, wherein LSFO are
2020- EMB Regional 2020
mixed with the main fuel to 003 Offices (EMB-ROs)
effectively meet the standards to establish an Air
for SO2. There are sugar mills Quality Monitoring
practicing cogeneration in Network Center
using a Uniform
generating electricity using their Data Acquisition
excess steam instead of using System w/c shall
fossil fuels in generating act as repository of
electricity. Likewise, waste to industrial emission
of firms required to
energy such as waste heat and install Continuous
excess steam from the operation Emission
were used as a secondary Monitoring System
source of power to produce and (CEMS)
MC Guidelines on the May 11,
drive electricity and low heat 2020- Issuance of Permit 2020
boilers. 17 to Operate (PTO)
for Air Pollution
Sources
Installation
through OPMS

46
EMB Guidelines on the Installation monitored within the
MC Issuance of Permit Region using GIS software in
2020- to Operate (PTO) for
17 Air Pollution Source
order to provide visualization of
Installation or areas with high concentration of
Equipment (APSI/ Stationary Source Emissions
APSE) through the (See Figure 5.2). This data is also
Online Permitting utilized in Emission Inventory
and Monitoring
System (OPMS)
DENR Establishing the
Admini Breakpoints for
strativ Particulate Matter
e Order 2.5 (PM2.5) Air
2020- Quality Index (AQI)
14 and amending
section 5 (a) of DAO
2013-13
“Establishing Air
Quality Guideline
Values for PM2.5”
EMB Establishment of August 16,
MC an Integrated Air 2021 and later on for Air Dispersion
2021- Quality Network Modeling within MIA.
14 Center that
Monitors and Figure 5.2 Industries
Serves as Monitored within Region VI CY
Repository of Real-
2022
Time Industrial
Emission from
Firms required to
Install Continuous Several transport groups
Emissions in Iloilo participated in the phase
Monitoring
Systems (CEMS) /
-out for the modernization
Continuous program.
Opacity Monitoring
System (COMS)
through the use of • Iloilo City Alliance of
a Uniform Data
Acquisition and
Operators and Drivers
Handling System Transport Cooperative
(DAHS), and in (ICAODTC)
relation to clarify
pertinent
provisions of
Department
Twenty-eight (28) units of
Administrative modernized vehicles started
Order No. 2017-14 operating in November 2019 for
Ungka Terminal, Jaro to Iloilo
City via Central Philippine
3.6 Best Practices and Lessons University route and vice-versa.
Learned
• Alliance of Provincial
Operators and Drivers
The Environmental Transport Cooperative
Management Bureau Region VI (APODTC)
also started populating to Maps
the Air Pollution Source

47
 Fifteen (15) units of • Mitigating emissions from
modernized vehicles started mobile sources, particularly
operating in December 2020 for public transport vehicles
Ungka Terminal, Jaro to that are economically
Cabatuan route and vice-versa. hindered from changing old
and inefficient engines into
ones that meet the Clean
• Metro Iloilo Transit Air Standards by putting up
Service Cooperative of Anti-Smoke Belching Unit
(MITSCOOP) (ASBU) comprising of multi-
sectoral participation; and

Twenty-seven (27) units of

modernized vehicles started • Inadequate database system
operating in January 2021 for both from LGUs and
San Miguel – Iloilo City route National Government
and vice- versa. Agencies, Private industries,
private motor vehicles, and
data needed for area
3.7 Issues and Concerns sources particularly on
domestic fuel
consumptions, both
Other related issues and domestic and agricultural,
gaps were encountered in the require intensive data
planning and implementation of gathering.
the policies and programs to
improve air quality within the
region: 3.8 Recommendations for
Necessary Executive and
Legislative Action
• Improving the acquisition of
data necessary for status
assessment, planning, To further strengthen the
evaluation, and reporting; management of air quality of the
region, the following actions are
hereby recommended:
• Social mobilization and
capacity building for
organizations that can affect • To provide additional funds
behavior change and create for purchase of ambient air
an impact on the purpose of monitoring equipment, such
the Clean Air Act; as Continuous Ambient Air
Monitoring (CAAMS) in
order to have data with real-
• Establishing efficient and time results for immediate
collaborative partnership public dissemination, to be
with all involved used for the emission
government agencies, LGUs, inventory for the
and the academe; designation of attainment
and non- attainment areas
within the MIA.

48
• To provide additional funds • Phase-out older and less
for Carrying Capacity Study efficient operating engines
needed for the designation and adopt alternative
of attainment and non- transport system.
attainment areas.
• Provision of bicycle lanes
• To provide extensive and e- motorcycles as
training on air quality alternative transportation
modeling to all involved options.
LGU members within the
Metro Iloilo Airshed Region
• Establish monitoring
6.
stations on busy,
commercial areas, and
• Increase fund allocation for include roadside monitoring
the maintenance of to assess and gather data in
monitoring and laboratory the improvement of the air
equipment. quality monitoring in the
Airshed. Additional
monitoring stations on
• Constant and strict residential areas or near
implementation of the receptor particularly in
provision of the R.A. 8749 mixing zones to determine
specifically on vehicular the general ambient air
emission and regular quality and associate its
roadside smoke belching impact to health which is
campaign in major the primary concern of air
thoroughfares and quality improvement.
institutionalize the IEC
campaign for the transport
sector. • Establish monitoring
stations outside of Iloilo
City and other urban areas
• Encourage transport groups in Region 6 and to include
to self-regulate their ranks, other parameters such as
to include garage testing. ozone, NOx and SOx.

• Provide support programs • Establish green zones as

and facilities such as easy mitigation for air pollution,
access or self-financed CO2 emissions and other
vehicle calibration and pollutants.
maintenance centers for
PUJs and transport groups.

• Strict implementation of
quality standards for small-
scale or local vehicle
manufacturers and
assemblers.
49
 Water Quality

4.1 Sources of Water Pollution plants such as cyanobacteria,

phytoplankton and filamentous
Historically, society algae which further increases
evolved and flourished near or the numbers of decomposers.
along water resources such as These decomposers will use a
rivers, streams and coastal great amount of oxygen during
areas. Water has played a major deco mpo sit io n that w ill
role in human, technological and eventually lead to depletion of
spatial developments, more so to oxygen and cause asphyxiation
human subsistence. It serves as to other aquatic organisms
transportation channels, trading particularly larger species.
hubs, irrigation, tourism spots
and sources of renewable Almost everything
energies, to mention a few. humans do, from agriculture to
manufacturing to disposal, has
However, the same the potential to release
developments have likewise pollution to the environment,
caused detrimental and particularly the waterways,
irreversible effects that vitiate the Hence, the regulatory agency
integrity of water bodies. such as the Environmental
Management Bureau identify
According to the United two major categories of
Nations Development Programme pollution: the point source and
(UNDP), 2.3 billion people lack non-point source pollution.
basic sanitation of which 892
million people practiced open Water quality refers to
defecation. In addition, at least the ch e mi ca l, ph y si ca l,
80 percent of wastewater goes biological, and radiological
into waterways without adequate characteristics of water. It is a
treatment. measure of the condition of
water relative to the
Water, as a universal requirements of one or more
solvent, is vulnerable to pollution biotic species and or to any
since it is able to dissolve more human need or purpose. It is
substances than any other liquid most frequently used by
existing. Water bodies usually reference to a set of standards
are on the receiving end of against which compliance can
pollution from different sources be assessed.
discharged directly or indirectly
to waterways which eventually With the growth of
finds its way to larger bodies. industry, waterways suddenly
These contaminated waters may have become overloaded with
pose risks to health and waste, turning many of them
environmental hazards. For into virtual cesspools. As
example, high concentration of defined in the Department of
organic pollution can result in Environment and Natural
excessive growth of aquatic

51
R e s o u r c e s ( D E N R ) and restaurants that discharge
Administrative Order (DAO) 2016 effluent wastewater either
– 08, an alteration of the directly to the water body or
physical, chemical, biological, or through municipal drainage
radiological properties of a water canals.
body resulting in the impairment
of its purity or quality is called Under RA 9275, the
water pollution. Environmental Management
Bureau (EMB) is the primary
Water quality monitoring government agency that
data are gathered and used to regulates and monitors these
characterize waters, identify firms and establishments that
trends and emerging problems, discharge to receiving bodies of
determine whether pollution water or land regardless of
programs are working to help volume and industry category.
direct pollution control efforts,
and endorse problems to the 4.1.2 Nonpoint Sources
local government units for their
information and to help them Based on CWA of 2004,
find or legislate pollution non-point sources are defined as
resolutions where they are most any source of pollution not
needed. identifiable as point source to
include, but not limited to,
The Department of runoff from irrigation or
Environment and Natural rainwater which picks up
Resources (DENR) formulated an pollutants from agricultural
administrative order that intends farms and urban areas.
to evaluate the stages of
deterioration or enhancement in They are often associated
water quality of the country’s with particular land uses such
water bodies which applies to as agricultural, urban, and
freshwaters, marine waters, and forestry land use, as opposed to
ground water resources. Water individual point source
quality guidelines were discharges.
established in order to maintain
and preserve the quality of all In urban areas, rainfall
water bodies based on their run-off as storm water is one of
intended beneficial usage. (DENR the major nonpoint sources of
AO No. 08, 2016). pollution. Storm water from
street surfaces is often
4.1.1 Point Sources contaminated with car oil, dust,
feces of animals, and soil and
As defined in RA 9275 or sediment run-off from
the Philippine Clean Water Act construction sites often contains
(CWA) of 2004, point source is more toxicants and chemicals in
any single identifiable source of industrial areas.
pollution with a specific point of
discharge into a particular water In farming areas, nonpoint
body. Point sources include sources of pollution include
industrial firms and commercial pesticides, fertilizers, animal
establishments such as hotels manure, and soil washed into

52
streams in rainfall run-off. When coastal and marine waters.
stocks are given access to stream Figure 4.1 shows the distribution
banks, they may foul the water of water bodies in the region.
and accelerate erosion. Forestry
operations may also contribute These water bodies have
to nonpoint source pollution of various purposes intended for
streams by increasing soil domestic, industrial, and
erosion and sediment run-off. recreational activities as well as
agriculture and aquaculture.
Nonpoint source pollution Water bodies are classified
is often more difficult to control according to these beneficial
than point source pollution, uses in accordance with DENR
therefore a shift of focus to Administrative Order (DAO) 1990
nonpoint sources should be done -34 which was later amended to
for it to be minimized and DAO 2016-08 or the Water
controlled. Quality Guidelines (WQG) and
General Effluent Standards
(GES) of 2016 and further
Region 6 has a total of 88
updated to DAO 2021-19 ,
water bodies composed of 73
updated WQG and GES for
inland surface waters and 15 Selected Parameters.

Figure 4. 1. Distribution of Water Bodies in Region 6

4 .2 Wa t e r Bodi e s and Janipaan-Jelicuon Watershed,

Classification Dao River, Tabun-ac/Agutayan
River and Cabano River (which
was requested by the Province of
As of CY 2022, Region 6
Guimaras to be classified) were
has total of 79 classified water
endorsed for classification in CY
bodies- 64 inland surface waters
2020 and were officially
and 15 coastal / marine waters.
classified in CY 2022 thru DENR

53
Memorandum Circular 2022-15. Figure 4. 3. Distribution of
Classified and Unclassified
Inland Surface Waters per
Figure 4.2 shows the Province as of CY 2022
distribution of classified and
unclassified water bodies in Based on EMB’s water
Western Visayas wherein 10 classification, 31 surface waters
percent are still unclassified and 11 marine and coastal water
while 90 percent are classified. bodies have at least two
The latter comprises of the classifications along their
following: 42 percent Principal stretches or in different locations.
Rivers, 31 percent Minor Rivers, Considering these multiple
and 17 percent for Coastal and classifications, these sum up to
Marine Water bodies. 133 classifications – 105
classifications for surface waters
and 28 classifications for marine
and coastal waters. Figures 4.3
and 4.4 show the distribution of
classified water bodies among six
provinces of the region. Overall,
Negros Occidental has the
greatest number of classified
water bodies with 25 while
Guimaras has the least with only
4 water bodies classified. One
hundred (100) percent of the
Figure 4. 2. Distribution of coastal and marine waters in
Classified and Unclassified Region 6 are already classified
Water Bodies in Region 6 while 9 inland surface waters or
10% of the universe are still
unclassified.

Figure 4. 4. Distribution of
Classified Coastal and Marine
Waters per Province as of CY
2022

54
 The figure above presents according to their beneficial
the inventory of classified water usage.
bodies within Western Visayas

Table 4. 1. Inventory of Classified Water Bodies in Region 6

Classification Intended Beneficial Use Location and Name of Water Bodies

Fresh and Surface Waters

Class AA Public Water Supply Class I – Iloilo: Ulian River

Intended primarily for waters
having watersheds, which
are uninhabited and/or
otherwise declared as
protected areas, and which
require only approved
disinfection to meet the
latest Philippine National
Standards for Drinking
Water (PNSDW)

Class A Public Water Supply Class Aklan: Aklan River, Ibajay River, Jalo
II – Intended as source River, Malinao River, Nabaoy River,
water supply requiring Putol River
conventional treatment Antique: Bugang River, Cairawan
(coagulation, River, Cangaranan River, Dalanas
sedimentation, filtration River, Ipayo River, Paliwan River,
and disinfection) to meet Sibalom River
the latest PNSDW. Capiz: Mambusao River, Panay River

Guimaras: Sibunag River

Iloilo: Alibunan River, Jalaur River,

Jaro River, Suage River, Tumagbok
River, Ulian River
Negros Occidental: Danao River,
Hilabangan River, Ilog River, Imbang
River, Malogo River, Sipalay River
Class B Recreational Water Class I Aklan: Aklan River, Ibajay River, Jalo
– Intended for primary River, Malinao River, Nabaoy River,
contact recreation Putol River
(bathing, swimming, etc.) Antique: Bugang River, Cairawan
River, Ipayo River, Sibalom River,
Tibiao River, Hamtic River, Dao River
Capiz: Mambusao River, Maayon River

Guimaras: Sibunag River, Cabano

River

Iloilo: Balantian River, Guimbal River,

Jaro River, Suage River, Ulian River,
Barotac Viejo River
Negros Occidental: Hilabangan River,
Malogo River, Malihao River, Malisbog
River

55
Class C Fishery water for the Aklan: Jalo River, Nabaoy River, Putol
propagation and River
growth of fish and Antique: Bugang River, Ipayo River,
other aquatic Tibiao River, Hamtic River, Malandog
resources River, Dao River
Recreational water class Capiz: Alngon River, Cadimahan
II – for boating, River, Mambusao River, Maayon River,
fishing or similar Panay River
activities. Guimaras: Sibunag River, Cabano
For agriculture, irrigation River
and livestock Iloilo: Aganan River, Alacaygan River,
watering Jalaur River, Lamunan River, Batiano
River, Iloilo River, Serruco River,
Suage River, Tumagbok River, Ulian
River, Calajunan Creek, Tigum River,
Janipaan-Jelicuon Watershed, Tabun-
ac/Agutayan River
Negros Occidental: Bago River,
Binalbagan River, Danao River,
Grande River, Hilabangan River,
Himogaan River, Ilog River, Imbang
River, Sicaba River, Sipalay River,
Aguisan River, Hinigaran River, Lupit
River, Magsungay River, Malihao
River, Malisbog River, Mandalagan
River, Salamanca River, Sum-ag River
Class D Navigable waters Aklan: Sooc River
Marine and Coastal Waters
Class SA Protected Waters – Antique: San Jose Coastal Waters
Waters that are Guimaras: Guimaras Strait
designated as
national or local
marine parks,
reserves sanctuaries
and other areas
established by law
(Presidential
Proclamation 1801
and other existing
laws), and/or
declared as such by
appropriate
government agency,
LGU’s, etc.
Fishery Water Class I –
Suitable for shellfish
harvesting for direct
human consumption.

56
Class SB Fishery Water Class II – Aklan: Boracay Coastline
Waters suitable for
commercial propagation Antique: San Jose Coastal Waters,
of shellfish and LIPASECU Coastal Waters
intended as spawning Capiz: Roxas City Coastline
areas for milkfish
(Chanos chanos) and
Guimaras: Guimaras Strait
similar species

Tourist Zones – For Iloilo: Banate Bay, Iloilo Strait, Iloilo

ecotourism and Coastline, Southern Iloilo Coastline,
recreational activities Leganes and Dumangas Coastal Water
Negros Occidental: Bacolod Coastal Water,
Recreational Water Class I – Hinobaan Coastal Water, Sipalay Coastal
Intended for primary Water, San Carlos Coastal Water
contact recreation
(bathing, swimming,
skin diving, etc.)
Class SC Fishery Water Class III – For Aklan: Boracay Coastline
the propagation and
growth of fish and other Antique: San Jose Coastal Waters,
aquatic resources and LIPASECU Coastal Waters
intended for commercial Capiz: Roxas City Coastline
and sustenance fishing

Recreational Water Class II Guimaras: Guimaras Strait

– For boating, fishing or
similar activities Iloilo: Iloilo Coastline, Iloilo Strait, Leganes
and Dumangas Coastal Water
Marshy and/or mangrove
areas declared as fish and Negros Occidental: Bacolod Coastal Water,
wildlife sanctuaries Hinobaan Coastal Water, San Carlos
Coastal Water, Bago-Pulupandan
Coastline
Class SD Navigable Waters No coastal and marine water body is
classified under this category

4.3 Water Quality Status parameters monitored to assess

water quality.
As of CY 2022, Philippine
water quality is assessed based Table 4. 2. Parameters for
on the set beneficial use as Water Quality Monitoring as
defined in DAO 2016-08 or the per DAO 2016-08
Water Quality Guidelines and Water Description
General Effluent Standards of Quality
2016 and DAO 2021-19 Parameters
(Updated Water Quality
Guidelines and General Effluent
Standards for Selected Dissolved DO refers to the volume
Parameters). Accordingly, a Oxygen (DO) of oxygen found in water
and it is a very important
water body must meet the indicator of a water
corresponding criteria of each body’s ability to support
applicable parameter 100 aquatic life. Most aquatic
organisms will not
percent of the time to maintain survive at DO less than 5
its designated classification. mg/L.
Table 4.2 presents the

57
Biochemical Oxygen Demand BOD determines the concentration of oxygen
(BOD) required for the decomposition of organic matter
from a pollution source. In polluted water bodies,
much of the available oxygen is consumed by
aerobic bacteria, which compete with other aquatic
organisms. Hence, higher BOD value indicates
greater degree of pollution. Most aquatic organisms
could not survive if BOD is beyond 7 mg/L.
Total Suspended Solids (TSS) TSS measures the concentration of undissolved
solid particles in water, such as silt, decaying plant
and animal matter, and domestic and industrial
wastes. It is indicative of the extent of
sedimentation resulting from land-based activities.
The higher the TSS value, the lower is the ability of
the water to support aquatic life due to reduced
light penetration affecting plant photosynthesis.
pH pH is a measure of how acidic or basic water is.
The pH of water determines the solubility and
biological availability of chemical constituents such
as nutrients and heavy metals. If the pH of water is
too high or too low, aquatic organisms living within
it will die. The optimal range for most tropical
fishes is 6.5-8.5.

Temperature Temperature is an important factor to consider

when assessing water quality because it influences
several other parameters and can affect many
biological, physical and chemical processes.
Temperature can affect metabolic rate and
biological activity of aquatic organisms. It also
affects the concentration of dissolved oxygen. As
temperature increases, the solubility of oxygen and
other gases decreases. If water is too warm, it will
not hold enough oxygen for aquatic organisms to
survive.

Color Natural waters have color resulting from

suspended and dissolved substances. It reflects the
presence of complex organic molecules derived
from organic matter. True color is defined as the
color of water resulting from dissolved substances
only. The more organic matter in the water, the
greater is the color.
Phosphate Phosphorus is one of the key elements necessary for the
growth of plants and animals. In nature, phosphorus
usually exists as organically bound phosphate,
condensed phosphates or as orthophosphate - often
referred to by its chemical formula PO4-P. Phosphates
are nutrients that come from both natural sources and
human activities (fertilizers, detergents, wastewater,
etc.). Phosphates are not toxic to people or animals
unless they are present in very high levels. The presence
of excess phosphates can cause enormous algal bloom.
When these algae die, bacteria decompose them,
and use up oxygen in a process called eutrophication.
Dissolved oxygen concentrations can drop too low for
fish to breathe, leading to fish kills. The loss of oxygen in
the bottom waters can free phosphorus previously
trapped in the sediments, further increasing the
available phosphorus.

58
Fecal Coliform Fecal Coliform bacteria are microscopic organisms
that indicate significant content of pathogens from
feces of warm-blooded animals. They are disease-
carrying organisms and have important
implications to human health. They are
measured by counting the most probable
number of bacteria colonies that grow from a 100-
milliliter water sample (MPN/100ml). This
parameter is especially significant for water bodies
that involve high human interface.
Oil and Grease Oil and grease include fats, oils, waxes, and other
related constituents found in water, generally
wastewater. If these compounds are not removed
before discharge of treated wastewater, oil and
grease can interfere with biological life in surface
waters and create unsightly films.

Water samples were approved methods and

collected from identified procedures as described in
sampling stations monthly using Standard Method for the
grab sampling method. Sampling Examination of Water and
techniques and procedures, as Wastewater 23rd edition.
described in Chapter 4 of the
Water Quality Monitoring Data gathered on site and
Manual Vol.1, were employed. In laboratory results were evaluated
-situ water quality parameters of using simple statistical analysis
each station such as DO, pH and to obtain its annual average
temperature were measured values for each station. Data
using Hanna Multi-parameter were converted to graphs to
water checker (if available) or visualize trends and correlations
among data. Assessments were
analyzed manually using
likewise made using the water
Modified Winkler Method for DO, quality guideline values as per
pH strips and thermometer for DAO 2016-08 and DAO 2021-19
temperature. Field observations as shown in Table 4.3 and Table
based on physical condition of 4.4 as reference.
each station were also recorded.

Water samples were

preserved, conforming with the
selected method of the
laboratory, transported, and
submitted for analysis. Analyses
of water samples for BOD, Total
Suspended Solids (TSS), color,
phosphate and fecal coliform
count were done, following the

59
Table 4. 3. Water Quality Guideline Values for Freshwater as per
DAO 2016-08 and DAO 2021-19
Parame-
Unit Class AA Class A Class B Class C Class D
ter
DO mg/L 5 5 5 5 2
BOD mg/L 1 3 5 7 15
TSS mg/L 25 50 65 80 110
pH 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 6.5-9.0 6.5-9.0
Temp OC 26-30 26-30 26-30 25-31 25-32
Color TCU 5 50 50 75 150
Phosphate
DAO 2016- mg/L <0.003 0.5 0.5 0.5 5
08
Phosphate
DAO 2021- mg/L 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.05
19
Fecal Coli-
form DAO MPN/100mL <1.1 <1.1 100 200 400
2016-08
Fecal Coli-
form MPN/100mL 20 50 100 200 400
DAO 2021-
19

Table 4. 4. Water Quality Guideline Values for Coastal and Marine

waters as per DAO 2016-08 and DAO 2021-19

Parameter Unit Class SA Class SB Class SC Class SD

DO mg/L 6 6 5 2

TSS mg/L 25 50 80 110

pH 7.0-8.5 7.0-8.5 6.5-8.5 6.0-9.0

Temp OC 26-30 26-30 25-31 25-32

Color TCU 5 50 75 150

Phosphate mg/L 0.1 0.5 0.5 5

DAO 2016-08

Phosphate mg/L 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4

DAO 2021-19
Fecal Coliform MPN/100mL <1.1 100 200 400
DAO 2016-08

Fecal Coliform MPN/100mL 20 100 200 400

DAO 2021-19

Oil and Grease mg/L 1 2 3 5

EMB Region 6 regularly Table 4.5 shows the list of water

monitored water bodies for CY bodies and the programs under
2022 under various programs. which they are monitored

60
 Programs Water Bodies the List of Priority Rivers. On
monitored June 2016, the Revised List of
Priority Rivers Aklan River Water Bodies to be monitored
(Sagip Ilog Panay River under the Priority Rivers
Program) Bago River Program was released, replacing
Malihao River the Sagip Ilog Program.
Recreational Tibiao River
Waters Bugang River Objectives
Duyong-Tingib The Priority Rivers
Beach Program aims to improve water
Iloilo City
quality of identified priority
Coastline
water bodies. Specifically, it aims
Boracay
Coastal to:
Waters 1. Gather data through
Water Quality Iloilo River monthly water quality
Management Batiano River monitoring and assessment.
Area (WQMA) Jaro-Tigum-
Aganan River 2. Conduct pollution sources
Jalaur River inventory;
Boracay 3. Provide assistance to Local
Coastal Government Units (LGUs)
Waters concerned in formulating
water quality management
Priority Rivers (Sagip Ilog framework; and
Program)
4. Prioritize other activities
The Sagip Ilog Program is related to the improvement
one of the key programs of water quality of the
implemented by the EMB. The Priority Rivers.
objective of the program is to
improve water quality of the 19 EMB Region 6 initially
identified priority rivers in identified Panay river and Aklan
terms of Biochemical Oxygen river, two of the longest rivers
Demand (BOD) and Dissolved and largest watersheds in Panay
Oxygen (DO) levels and comply island. Negros Island Region
with the water quality guideline (NIR) identified Bago River, one
values as per DENR of the largest rivers in Negros,
Administrative Order (DAO) No. and Malogo River as both are
1990-34 (Water Quality proposed sources for
Criteria) or the DAO No. 2016- hydropower. However, when NIR
08 (Water Quality Guidelines was abolished, Malogo River was
and General Effluent Standards changed to Malihao River to
of 2016). monitor the contribution of
industrial sources such as sugar
In 2016, The EMB mills to water pollution. Figure
Director required the EMB 4.6 shows the map of Priority
Regional Offices to identify two Rivers in Region 6.
rivers per region, to be given
priority and to be included in

61
 Figure 4. 5. Map of Priority Rivers in Region 6

Aklan River second-smallest province having

a total land area of 1,817.9 km2,
which is 8.99 percent of the
regional land area and 0.61
percent of the national land area.

There are five major rivers

in the province: the Aklan-
Dumalaylay-Timbaban River;
Ibajay River; Tangalan River; Jal-
o-Magadinan-Pulijan River and
Tabon River in Altavas. Of these,
the Aklan River is the largest and
Figure 4. 6. Aklan River longest river with a total length
of 71 kilometers.

The Province of Aklan in

Region VI is located in the The Aklan river source is
northwestern portion of Panay the Central Panay Mountain
Island. It is located between Range - Mount Baloy in the
latitude 11˚09’30” N and western portion of Capiz in the
latitude 12˚01’00” N, and vicinity of Tapaz, traveling
longitude 122˚34’45” (PAG- northwards to the mountainous
ASA). Aklan is the region’s western portion of Jamindan,

62
then northeastward to the town EMB Region 6 established
of Libacao in Aklan Province. It four (4) sampling stations along
traverses the municipalities of this river system. Table 4.6
Libacao, Madalag, Malinao, shows the geographic locations
Banga, Lezo, Numancia and and classification of each
Kalibo before emptying into monitoring station. Figure 4.7
Sibuyan Sea. shows the map of the sampling
stations.

Table 4. 6. Aklan River Monitoring Stations

Station
Location Coordinates Class
No.

1 Jumbo Bridge 11° 42’ 51.62” N

B
Kalibo, Aklan 122° 21’ 41.29” E
2 NIA Pumping Station 11°36'43.54"N
Banga, Aklan B
122°18'44.84"E
3 Dumaguit Bridge 11°32'3.89"N
Madalag, Aklan B
122°18'28.29"E
4 Libacao Upstream 11°28'56.47"N
Libacao, Aklan A
122°18'45.87"E

Figure 4. 7. Map of Aklan River Sampling Stations

63
For CY 2022, twelve (12) for pH, temperature, DO, BOD
sampling events were conducted and color. However, all sampling
at Aklan River. Tables 4.7 to 4.9 stations exceeded the WQG for
show the Annual range and TSS, phosphate and fecal
average of parameters tested. All coliform count.
sampling stations met the WQG

Table 4. 7. Annual Range and Average of in-situ parameters of

Aklan River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
Parameters
Stn Locatio pH Temperature, °C DO, mg/L
No Class
n Mi Av Mi Av WQ
Max WQG Max WQG Min Max Ave
n e n e G
Jumbo
6.5- 26. 28.
1 Bridge, B 6.0 7.0 6.6 32.0 26-30 7.6 11.3 8.7 5.0
8.5 0 5
Kalibo
NIA
Pumpin
6.5- 26. 28.
2 g B 6.0 7.0 6.6 32.0 26-30 7.6 9.6 8.4 5.0
8.5 0 0
Station,
Banga

Madalag 6.5- 26. 28.

3 B 6.0 7.0 6.6 31.0 26-30 7.6 9.6 8.5 5.0
Bridge 8.5 0 0

Libacao
6.5- 26. 28.
4 Upstrea A 6.0 7.0 6.6 32.0 26-30 7.3 9.8 8.6 5.0
8.5 0 3
m

Table 4. 8. Annual Range and Average of BOD, TSS and Color of

Aklan River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

Parameters
St
n Loca- Clas BOD, mg/L TSS, mg/L Color, TCU
N tion s
o. Ma Av WQ Av WQ Ma Av WQ
Min Min Max Min
x e G e G x e G
Jumbo
<1. 323. 90. <5. 20.
1 Bridge, B 3.0 1.3 5.0 6.0 65 7.1 50
0 0 7 0 0
Kalibo
NIA
Pump-
<1. 303. 69. <5. 20.
2 ing Sta- B 3.0 1.3 5.0 4.0 65 7.1 50
0 0 7 0 0
tion,
Banga
Madalag <1. 274. 62. <5. 10.
3 B 3.0 0.9 5.0 4.0 65 5.0 50
Bridge 0 0 8 0 0
Libacao
<1. <2. 229. 53. <5. 20.
4 Up- A 3.0 1.1 3.0 50 5.8 50
0 5 0 3 0 0
stream

64
Table 4. 9. Annual Range and Average of Phosphate and Fecal
Coliform of Aklan River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

Parameters

Stn Phosphate, mg P/L Fecal Coliform, MPN/100 mL

Location Class
No. Ge-
Min Max Ave WQG Min Max omea WQG
n
Jumbo
33,07
1 Bridge, B 0.051 0.400 0.192 0.025 4,500 160,000 100
7
Kalibo
NIA
Pumping 12,63
2 B 0.048 0.428 0.161 0.025 780 54,000 100
Station, 8
Banga
Madalag
3 B 0.046 0.404 0.150 0.025 780 92,000 7,799 100
Bridge
Libacao 13,89
4 A 0.044 0.388 0.131 0.025 1,300 160,000 50
Upstream 2

Figures 4.8 and 4.9 show the annual average results and
percentage compliance rating for DO for CY 2022.

Figure 4. 8. Annual Average DO of Aklan River Monitoring

Stations, CY 2022

65
Figure 4. 9. DO Compliance Rating of Aklan River Monitoring
Stations, CY 2022

All sampling stations compliant with the guidelines,

recorded annual averages that resulting in an overall
met the 5.0 mg/L water quality compliance rating of 100 percent.
guideline value for DO in both
Class A and Class B waters. Figure 4.10 shows the
Additionally, every sampling annual comparative DO results
event conducted at each station for CY 2017-2022
produced DO results that were

Figure 4. 10. DO Annual Comparative Results of Aklan River

Monitoring Stations, CY 2017-2022

66
 Annual average DO 2020 but improved in the
concentration of all sampling following years.
stations consistently complied
with the 5.0 mg/L WQGV. Figures 4.11 and 4.12 show
Though compliant with the the annual average results and
WQGV, DO concentrations compliance rating for BOD for
gradually decreased in CY 2019- CY 2022.

Figure 4. 11. Annual Average BOD of Aklan River Monitoring

Stations, CY 2022

Figure 4. 12. BOD Compliance Rating of Aklan River Monitoring

Stations, CY 2022

67
 All sampling stations met Figure 4.13 shows the
the water quality guideline annual BOD comparative of
values for BOD, which are 5.0 Aklan River monitoring stations
mg/L for Class B and 3.0 mg/L for CY 2017-2022. Monitoring of
for Class A. The compliance rate Aklan River started in CY 2017.
was 100 percent for all samples There were no results for CY
collected, indicating that all 2018 due to the limited capacity
measurements were within the of the Regional laboratory during
recommended limits. Boracay closure.

Figure 4. 13. BOD Annual Comparative Results of Aklan River

Monitoring Stations, CY 2017-2022

Similar with DO, annual Figures 4.14 and 4.15

average BOD levels of all show the annual average TSS
sampling stations complied with results of Aklan River
the WQGV. BOD increased monitoring stations and the
gradually since CY 2017 but percentage compliance ratings.
improved in CY 2021.

68
Figure 4. 14. Annual Average TSS of Aklan River Monitoring
Stations, CY 2022

Figure 4. 15. TSS Percentage Compliance Rating of Aklan River

Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

Figure 4.14 shows that only particles into rivers and elevate
Station 3 (Madalag Bridge) TSS levels. It was observed that
complied with the WQGV for TSS concentration rises going
TSS. The TSS concentrations downstream, with Station 1
obtained from June to (Jumbo Bridge, Kalibo) recording
September, which are part of the the highest TSS concentration of
rainy season and have the 90.7 mg/L among all stations, as
highest rainfall, were not it is located furthest
compliant. Rainfall can lead to downstream. Additionally, Figure
increased runoff, which can 4.15 illustrates that Station 1
carry soil, sediments, and other (Jumbo Bridge, Kalibo) also has

69
the lowest compliance at 58 Figure 4.16 shows the annual
percent while other stations TSS comparative of Aklan River
yielded 67 percent compliance monitoring stations for CY 2017-
with TSS. Overall compliance of 2022.
water body in terms of TSS is 65
percent.

Figure 4. 16. TSS Annual Comparative Results of Aklan River

Monitoring Stations, CY 2017-2022

As shown in Figure 4.16, However, TSS levels showed

annual average results of TSS for improvement in CY 2022.
Station 4 (Libacao Upstream)
consistently exceeded the 50
mg/L WQGV. The high water
current and quarrying activities
in the area contribute to
sediment deposition and
scouring, which in turn lead to
increased TSS levels. Although
all Class B stations have shown
improvement in 2019 and
complied with the WQGV, TSS
levels rose above the acceptable
limit in 2020-2021, possibly due
to unstable riverbanks and
human activities causing
sedimentation and erosion.

70
Figure 4. 17. Annual Average Phosphate of Aklan River Monitoring
Stations, CY 2022

Figure 4. 18. Phosphate Compliance Rating of Aklan River

Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

The data presented in natural sources. In addition,

Figures 4.17 and 4.18 indicate there was a noticeable similarity
that all of the sampling stations between the trends of the
exceeded the 0.025 mg/L WQGV phosphate and TSS
for phosphate and generated concentrations, with levels
zero compliance. Non-compliant increasing as the water flowed
phosphate concentration could downstream. Suspended solids
be attributed to run-off from transport nutrients like
surrounding agricultural areas, phosphate, further contributing
detergents and cleaners to the overall concentration
discharged from households and levels.

71
Figure 4. 19. Phosphate Annual Comparative Results of Aklan
River Monitoring Stations, CY 2021-2022

Phosphate concentration Figures 4.20 and 4.21 show the

consistently exceeded the 0.025 annual geomean fecal coliform
mg P/L WQGV for the period count and compliance rating of
illustrated in Figure 4.19. Aklan River for CY 2022.

Figure 4. 20. Annual Geomean of Fecal Coliform Count of Aklan

River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

72
Figure 4. 21. Fecal Coliform Count Percentage Compliance Rating
of Aklan River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

Figures 4.20 and 4.21 agricultural run-offs.

show that all sampling stations monitoring stations for CY
significantly exceeded the 100 2017-2021. There were no
MPN/100 mL WQGV for Class B results for CY 2018 due to the
and 50 MPN/100 mL for Class A limited capacity of the Regional
as per DAO 2021-19. The fecal laboratory during Boracay
coliform count was found to closure.
increase as the river flowed
downstream, with Station 1 Figure 4.22 show the annual
(Jumbo Bridge, Kalibo) recording fecal coliform count comparative
the highest count of 33,077 of Aklan River monitoring
MPN/100 mL. The location of stations for CY 2017-2021. There
were no results for CY 2018 due
Station 1 in an urban area with
to the limited capacity of the
a higher population and more Regional laboratory during
commercial establishments was Boracay closure.
a contributing factor to the high
fecal coliform count. The water
body received discharges from
both domestic and commercial
sources, leading to the increased
fecal coliform count. One
hundred percent of samples from
Aklan river did not comply with
the WQGV. High coliform count
at Aklan River is attributed
mostly to domestic and

73
Figure 4. 22. Fecal Coliform Count Annual Comparative Results of
Aklan River Monitoring Stations, CY 2017-2022

In general, the annual The head waters of Panay

geomean fecal coliform count of River originates from the
all sampling stations has mountain ranges of Mt. Igabon
increased over time and remains and Mt. Binalangan and cuts
non-compliant with the WQGV. across the basin toward the
The highest annual geomean northeast. It traverses the
results were primarily recorded municipalities of Capiz,
in CY 2021. There was specifically Tapaz, Dumalag,
significant improvement Dao, Panit-an and extends to
observed in CY 2022, although Brgy. Barra, Roxas City where it
results still exceeded the empties directly to Sibuyan Sea.
compliant level.
It has an approximate
Panay River length of 152 kilometers and a
drainage basin area of 2,204
square kilometers. It drains
almost the entire province of
Capiz and northern portion of
Iloilo Province. Three major
basins serve as tributaries
namely Badbaran, Mambusao,
and Maayon river basins.

Figure 4. 23. Panay River

74
 Panay River is the main Mambusao River is a major
source of Roxas City Water tributary that meets with Panay
District and the pumping River in the municipality of Dao.
station is located at the It is also a notable recipient of
municipality of Panit-an, Capiz. domestic wastes coming from
However, it is also a recipient of Poblacion proper and is exposed
wastes from sugar mills and to agricultural runoffs from rice,
piggeries as well as domestic corn and sugarcane plantations.
wastes coming from populated
areas that it traverses. Five (5) sampling stations
Agricultural runoffs coming were identified along Panay River.
from rice, corn and sugarcane Table 4.10 shows the geographic
locations and classification of
fields are also major
each monitoring station. Figure
contributors. 4.24 shows the map of the
sampling stations.

Table 4. 10. Panay River Monitoring Stations, CY 2021

Station
Location Coordinates Class
No.

Barra Bridge 11° 34’ 50.66” N

1 C
Brgy. Barra, Roxas City 122° 43’ 17.93” E

Jumbo Bridge
11° 34’ 47.59” N
1A Brgy. Punta Tabuc, C
122° 44’ 48.78” E
Roxas City

Tiza-Banica Bridge 11° 34’ 42.91” N

1B C
Brgy. Tiza, Roxas City 122° 45’ 35.77” E

Panit-an Bridge 11° 27’ 48.90” N

2 C
Panit an, Capiz 122° 46’ 11.80” E

Ma-it Bridge 11° 18’ 58.67” N

3 A
Dumalag, Capiz 122° 38’ 53.60” E

75
 Figure 4. 24. Map of Panay River Monitoring Stations

For CY 2022, twelve (12) WQGV. However, TSS levels in

sampling events were conducted the upstream stations have
at Panay River. Tables 4.11 to exceeded WQGV. TSS in
4.13 show the annual range upstream stations exceeded the
and average of parameters WQGV. All of the sampling
tested. The pH, temperature, stations have also exceeded the
DO, BOD, and color levels of all WQGV for phosphate and fecal
sampling stations complied with coliform counts.

Table 4. 11. Annual Range and Average of in-situ parameters of

Panay River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

Parameters
Stn Clas pH Temperature, °C DO, mg/L
Location
No s
Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Ave WQG
Barra
6.5- 26. 33. 30.
1 Bridge, C 7.0 8.0 7.3 25-31 4.3 9.1 7.2 5.0
Roxas 9.0 0 0 3
Punta
Tabuc 6.5- 28. 33. 30. 13.
1A Bridge, C 7.0 8.0 7.5 25-31 4.0 7.1 5.0
9.0 0 0 5 4
Roxas

Tiza Banica 6.5- 28. 34. 30. 14.

1B Bridge, C 7.0 8.0 7.3 25-31 3.4 6.6 5.0
9.0 0 0 0 6
Roxas
Panit-an
6.5- 26. 32. 28. 10.
2 Bridge, C 7.0 7.0 7.0 25-31 5.6 8.1 5.0
Panit an 9.0 0 0 9 0
Ma-it Bridge 6.5- 27. 33. 28. 10.
3 Dumalag A 7.0 7.0 7.0 26-30 4.9 8.1 5.0
8.5 0 0 4 5
Capiz

76
Table 4. 12.Annual Range and Average of BOD, TSS and Color of
Panay River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
Parameters
Stn Clas BOD, mg/L TSS, mg/L Color, TCU
Location
No. s WQ
Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Ave
G

Barra
<5. 15.
1 Bridge, C 1.0 4.0 2.4 7.0 7.0 74.0 19.6 80 5.0 75.0
Roxas 0 0

Punta
Tabuc <1. <5. 25. 12.
1A Bridge, C 7.0 3.3 7.0 8.0 47.0 20.4 80 75.0
0 0 0 9
Roxas

Tiza
Banica <1. 20. 14.
1B Bridge, C 7.0 3.4 7.0 6.0 30.0 15.3 80 5.0 75.0
0 0 6
Roxas

Panit-an
<1. 14. 772. 224. 25. 13.
2 Bridge, C 3.0 1.8 7.0 80 5.0 75.0
Panit an 0 0 0 3 0 8

Ma-it
Bridge <1. 10. 660. 169. <5. 25. 10.
3 Dumalag A 5.0 2.0 3.0 50 50.0
0 0 0 3 0 0 8
Capiz

Table 4. 13. Annual Range and Average of Phosphate and Fecal

Coliform of Panay River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

Parameters
St
n Loca- Clas
Phosphate, mg P/L Fecal Coliform, MPN/100 mL
No tion s
. WQ Ge-
Min Max Ave Min Max WQG
G omean
Barra
0.02
1 Bridge, C 0.008 0.192 0.076 45 24,000 679 200.0
5
Roxas
Punta
Tabuc 0.02 1,600,00
1A C 0.039 0.451 0.199 330 12,708 200.0
Bridge, 5 0
Roxas
Tiza
Banica 0.02 1,600,00
1B C 0.075 0.352 0.201 3,500 26,282 200.0
Bridge, 5 0
Roxas
Panit-an
0.02
2 Bridge, C 0.070 0.287 0.151 330 350,000 18,222 200.0
5
Panit an
Ma-it
Bridge 0.02
3 A 0.092 0.677 0.215 3,300 240,000 17,204 50
Dumalag 5
Capiz

77
Figure 4. 25. Annual Average DO of Panay River Monitoring
Stations, CY 2022

Figure 4. 26. DO Compliance Rating of Panay River Monitoring

Stations, CY 2022

As shown in Figures 4.25 DO levels could be attributed to

and 4.26, all of the sampling domestic and commercial
stations complied with the 5.0 discharges, which are more
mg/L WQGV for both Class C prevalent in urban environments
and Class A waters. However, like Roxas City. Moreover, a
only Station 2 (Panit-an Bridge) drainage canal located near the
achieved 100 percent sampling station discharges
compliance. In contrast, the wastewater into the water body,
sampling stations located in which could further contribute to
Roxas City, which is classified as the observed lower DO levels.
an urban area, have only
attained 75 to 83 percent
compliance rate. Non-compliant

78
Figure 4. 27. DO Annual Comparative of Panay River Monitoring
Stations, CY 2017-2021

As illustrated in Figure demonstrated improvement in

4.27, the average annual DO DO levels compared with the
results of the Panay River for the results obtained in CY 2019 and
past five years indicates that two have been compliant with the
stations, namely Station 2 (Panit WQGV since CY 2021. Station
-an Bridge) and Station 3 (Ma-it 1B (Tiza Banica Bridge), which
Bridge), consistently met the has not met the WQGV since
WQGV. On the other hand, 2017, has shown improvement
Station 1 (Barra Bridge) and and achieved compliance with
Station 1A (Punta Tabuc Bridge) the WQGV in CY 2022.
exhibited irregular trends but

Figure 4. 28. Annual Average BOD of Panay River Monitoring

Stations, CY 2022

79
Figure 4. 29. BOD Compliance Rating of Panay River Monitoring
Stations, CY 2022

Figures 4.28 and 4.29 stations yielded 100 percent

show that all sampling stations compliance. Panay River has an
are compliant with their overall BOD compliance rating of
respective WQGVs. Only the 97 percent.
Class A station had a non-
compliant BOD result and Figure 4.30 show the CY
scored an 83 percent compliance 2017-2022 annual comparative
rating. All other sampling results for BOD of Panay River.

Figure 4. 30. BOD Annual Comparative of Panay River Monitoring

Stations, CY 2017-2022

80
 In terms of BOD, annual stations consistently complied
comparative of results shows with the WQGV.
that BOD levels of all sampling

Figure 4. 31. Annual Average TSS of Panay River Monitoring

Stations, CY 2022

Figure 4. 32. TSS Compliance Rating of Panay River Monitoring

Stations, CY 2022

Figures 4.31 and 4.32 show respectively. Furthermore, only

that among the five (5) stations, these two stations did not attain
Station 2 (Panit-an Bridge) and 100 percent compliance rate,
Station 3 (Ma-it Bridge), exceeded with a compliance rating of only
the 80 mg/L and 50 mg/L WQGV 58 percent. High TSS at these
for Class C and Class A waters two upstream stations may have

81
resulted from different factors, nearby quarry operations.
such as sedimentation, soil
erosion, agricultural runoff, and

Figure 4. 33. TSS Annual Comparative of Panay River Monitoring

Stations, CY 2017-2022

Comparison of TSS results agricultural land. The findings

for CY 2017-2022 as shown in suggest that there is a need to
Figure 28, illustrates that address the sources of pollutants
stations located within Roxas at these stations to improve the
City, Stations 1, 1A, and 1B, water quality and ensure
consistently met the WQGV and compliance with the WQGVs.
showed a similar decreasing
trend, indicating improvement in Figures 4.34 and 4.35 show
TSS concentration. On the other the annual average results and
hand, Stations 2 (Panit-an percentage compliance rating for
Bridge) and 3 (Ma-it Bridge) phosphate for CY 2022.
demonstrated fluctuating
results. The elevated TSS levels
in these areas is attributed to
river embankment erosion and
runoff from the neighboring

82
Figure 4. 34. Annual Average Phosphate of Panay River
Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

Figure 4. 35. Phosphate Compliance Rating of Panay River

Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

All sampling stations annual average phosphate result

exceeded the 0.025 mg/L of 0.076 mg P/L.
maximum acceptable phosphate
concentration as per DAO 2021-
Only Station 1 (Barra
19. Phosphate concentration
Bridge) recorded compliant
decrea ses as wat er flows
results. Other stations generated
downstream and Station 1 (Barra
zero percent compliance
Bridge), being the furthest
resulting to a low overall
downstream, generated the lowest
compliance rating of 7 percent.

83
 Stations 2 (Panit-an Bridge) Banica Bridge) are located within
and 3 (Ma-it Bridge) are situated the residential and commercial
in agricultural regions and exhibit zones of Roxas City, where
elevated levels of phosphate, sources of phosphate include
which can be attributed to sewage, detergents, and cleaning
agricultural run-offs. On the solutions from nearby
other hand, Station 1 (Barra households and commercial
Bridge), Station 1A (Punta Tabuc establishments.
Bridge), and Station 1B (Tiza

Figure 4. 36. Phosphate Annual Comparative of Panay River

Monitoring Stations, CY 2021-2022

Phosphate concentration
consistently exceeded the 0.025
mg P/L WQGV for the 2-year
period as illustrated in Figure
4.36. Phosphate concentrations
in stations located in Roxas City
increased while the remaining
stations yielded improved
phosphate levels.

84
Figure 4. 37. Annual Geomean Fecal Coliform Count of Panay
River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

Figure 4. 37. Annual Geomean Fecal Coliform Count of Panay

River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

All sampling stations (Barra Bridge) had the lowest

significantly exceeded the WQGV count of 679 MPN/100mL.
for Class C (200 MPN/100 mL) Additionally, Station 1 had the
and Class A (50 MPN/100 mL) highest compliance rate of 42
as per DAO 2021-19 as shown in percent, meaning that it had the
Figure 4.37. Among the sampling lowest level of fecal
stations, Station 1b (Tiza-Banica contamination among all
Bridge) recorded the highest sampling stations. In contrast,
fecal coliform count of 26,282 the other stations yielded zero
MPN/100mL, while Station 1 percent compliance, indicating

85
that they failed to meet the the discharge of domestic,
WQGV for fecal coliform count. commercial, and industrial
wastewater into the river
channel. Various establishments
Overall, the compliance
along the water body use the
rate for fecal coliform count in
river as a wastewater catchment
Panay River was 8 percent,
area, leading to a high level of
indicating a high level of fecal
fecal contamination in the water.
contamination in the water. This
contamination is attributed to

Figure 4. 39. Fecal Coliform Count Annual Comparative of Panay

River Monitoring Stations, CY 2017-2022

The analysis of the annual reduction in fecal coliform count

comparative results has shown a compared to the previous years.
continuous increase in fecal This improvement in water
coliform count since CY 2017, quality may be attributed to
which reached its peak in CY various factors, including the
2020, indicating a high level of introduction of new wastewater
fecal contamination in the water. treatment measures, better
However, there has been a waste management practices,
positive development in CY 2021, improved agricultural practices,
with a decrease in fecal coliform and public education and
count compared to the preceding awareness campaigns.
year. The results from CY 2022
have revealed a significant Despit e the o b serv ed

86
improvement, continued Barangay Tapong in
monitoring is essential to sustain Pulupandan. The channel length
the decreasing trend of fecal is approximately 95.0 km. The
coliform count and identify total drainage area is
potential factors that contributed approximately 940.0 km2.
to the reduced concentration.
Therefore, it is necessary to The most important sub-
maintain efforts to promote watersheds in terms of surface
better waste management water use are Bago and Ma-ao
practices, agricultural practices, Rivers, which supply most of the
and education and awareness irrigation demands of the
campaigns to further improve watershed. The only national
the water quality. irrigation system, the Bago RIS,
is a run-of-the-river facility. It
Bago River diverts water from the main
channel of Bago River within
Barangay Damsite, Murcia to
irrigate 12,777 ha of rice lands
and 500 ha of sugarcane areas.
The water districts bottling
companies and alcohol
distilleries are mining
underground water for domestic,
commercial and industrial uses.
Some farmers rely on
Figure 4. 40. Bago River groundwater sources using
pumps for irrigation purposes.

The Bago River, considered After consultations and

as the biggest river in the meetings with the LGUs, private
province, flows in almost east- sectors and other business
west direction through northern establishments and partners,
Negros Occidental. It originates EMB Region VI reestablished
from the headwaters in Barangay three (3) sampling stations for
monitoring the main water body
Bagong Silang in Don Salvador
in 2019. Table 4.14 shows the
within the northern mass of Mt.
locations of the monitoring
Mandalagan at an elevation of stations along with their official
approximately 2,500 m above classification. Figure 4.41 shows
sea level. It finally discharges the map of Bago River
into Guimaras Strait where the monitoring stations.
river meets the sea in Barangay
Poblacion in Bago City and

87
Table 4. 14. Bago River Monitoring Stations

Station
Location Coordinates Class
No.

Bago Upstream – Mambukal Road 10°33'15.5”N

1 C
Brgy. San Miguel, Murcia 123° 4'47.89”E

Bago Midstream – Quezon Bridge 10°29'33.45”N

2 C
Brgy. Ma-ao, Bago City 122°56'47.21”E
Bago Downstream – Bago Bridge 10°31'13.10”N
3 C
Brgy. Poblacion, Bago City 122°50'15.60”E

Figure 4. 41. Map of Bago River Sampling Stations

For CY 2022, twelve (12) Station which exceeded the

sampling events were conducted WQGV for TSS. Phosphate and
at Bago River. Tables 4.15 to fecal coliform count also did not
4.17 show the annual range and comply with the WQGV.
average of parameters tested.
Generally, all sampling stations
have compliant physicochemical
results except for Bago Upstream

88
Table 4. 15. Annual Range and Average of in-situ parameters of
Bago River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

Parameters
Stn pH Temperature, °C DO, mg/L
Location Class
No
Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Ave WQG

Bago
River – 6.5- 27. 32. 29. 25-
1 C 5.0 7.0 6.3 5.1 9.5 7.5 5.0
Down- 9.0 0 0 0 31
stream

Bago
River – 6.5- 27. 31. 29. 25-
2 C 6.0 7.0 6.5 7.5 11.2 8.9 5.0
Mid- 9.0 0 0 2 31
stream

Bago
River – 6.5- 26. 29. 27. 25-
3 C 6.0 7.0 6.5 7.3 10.2 8.8 5.0
Up- 9.0 0 0 8 31
stream

Table 4. 16. Annual Range and Average of BOD, TSS and Color of
Bago River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

Parameters

Stn BOD, mg/L TSS, mg/L Color, TCU

Location Class
No

Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Ave WQG

Bago
River – <1. 12. 111. 40. 12.
1 C 3.0 1.0 7 33.1 80 <5.0 75
Down- 0 0 0 0 5
stream

Bago
River – 167. 40. 15.
2 Mid- C 1.0 3.0 1.5 7 9.0 45.2 80 10.0 75
0 0 4
stream

Bago
<1. 836. 109. 40. 12.
3 River – C 6.0 1.9 7 3.0 80 5.0 75
Upstream 0 0 6 0 9

89
Table 4. 17. Annual Range and Average of Phosphate and Fecal
Coliform of Bago River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

Parameters
St
n
Location Class Phosphate, mg P/L Fecal Coliform, MPN/100 mL
No
.
Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Geomean WQG
Bago River
– 0.05 0.37 0.11 23,00 920,00
1 C 0.025 68,358 200
2 5 5 0 0
Downstream
Bago River 0.04 0.27 0.10 920,00
2 C 0.025 9,200 57,764 200
– Midstream 1 2 8 0
Bago River 0.02 0.13 0.06
3 C 0.025 3,300 92,000 19,090 200
– Upstream 3 5 5

Figure 4. 42. Annual Average DO of Bago River Monitoring

Stations, CY 2022

Figure 4. 43. DO Compliance Rating of Bago River Monitoring

Stations, CY 2022

90
 Figures 4.42 and 4.43 found to be compliant, resulting
indicate that all monitoring in an overall compliance rating of
stations met the 5.0 mg/L WQGV 100 percent. The high dissolved
for Class C water, demonstrating oxygen levels observed can be
a 100 percent compliance rate. attributed to the steady water
Additionally, all water samples flow within the river.
obtained from Bago River were

Figure 4. 44. DO Annual Comparative Results of Bago River

Monitoring Stations, CY 2019-2021

DO concentration of all was recorded in CY 2021, after

sampling stations consistently which it decreased in CY 2022
complied with the WQGV within while remaining within the
the 4-year period. The highest WQGV compliant range.
concentration of dissolved oxygen

Figure 4. 45. Annual Average BOD of Bago River Monitoring

Stations, CY 2022

91
Figure 4. 46. BOD Compliance Rating of Bago River Monitoring
Stations, CY 2022

Figures 4.45 and 4.46 show stations also yielded 100 percent
that annual average BOD of all compliance resulting to an
sampling stations met the 7.0 overall compliance rating of 100
mg/L WQGV. All sampling percent.

Figure 4. 47. BOD Annual Comparative of Bago River Monitoring

Stations, CY 2019-2022

BOD levels of all sampling stations slightly increased in CY

stations consistently complied 2022 but still compliant with the
with the 7.0 mg/L WQGV since WQGV.
CY 2019. BOD levels of Bago
mi d st r ea m a n d u p st r ea m

92
Figure 4. 48. Annual Average TSS of Bago River Monitoring
Stations, CY 2022

Figure 4. 49. TSS Compliance Rating of Bago River Monitoring

Stations, CY 2022

Figures 4.48 and 4.49 rain prior to the conduct of

illustrate that two (2) out of 3 sampling activity.
sampling stations complied with
the 80 mg/L WQGV. Station 3
(Bago River Upstream) exceeded
the WQGV by 37 percent. All
sampling stations yielded 83
percent compliance. Non-
compliant results were recorded
in June, August and October
which were due to occurrence of

93
Figure 4. 50. TSS Annual Comparative of Panay River Monitoring
Stations, CY 2019-2022

Figure 4.50 illustrates that Station 3 (Bago Upstream)

Station 1 (Bago Downstream) exhibited decreasing TSS and
and Station 2 (Bago Midstream) recorded the lowest average
showed an increasing trend, value in CY 2021 but
reaching their highest point in significantly increased in CY
CY 2021, with Station 2 2022 and exceeded the 80 mg/L
exceeding the WQGV. WQGV.
Nevertheless, TSS levels for these
stations improved in CY 2022
and complied with the WQGV.

Figure 4. 51. Annual Average Phosphate of Bago River Monitoring

Stations, CY 2022

94
Figure 4. 52. Phosphate Compliance Rating of Bago River
Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

In terms of phosphate associated with agricultural run-

levels, average results of all off since the Bago River sampling
sampling stations exceeded the stations are located within
0.025 mg/L WQGV as per DAO agricultural zones. Other sources
2021-19. Additionally, all the of phosphate pollution include
sampling stations yielded zero detergents and cleaning fluids,
percent compliance, leading to as well as residents washing
an overall compliance rating of their laundry along the
zero percent. The non-compliant waterbody.
phosphate concentration is

Figure 4. 53. Phosphate Annual Comparative of Bago River

Monitoring Stations, CY 2021-2022

95
 Station 1 (Bago WQGV. Station 2 (Bago
Downstream) and Station 3 midstream) phosphate
(Bago Upstream) showed concentration increased and still
decrease in phosphate exceeded the WQGV.
concentration in CY 2022 but
still non-compliant with the

Figure 4. 54. Annual Geomean Fecal Coliform Count of Bago River

Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

Figure 4. 55. Fecal Coliform Compliance Rating of Bago River

Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

All sampling stations going downstream and Station 1

significantly exceeded the 200 (Bago River Downstream)
MPN/100 mL WQGV for Class C. recorded the highest fecal
Fecal coliform count increases coliform count of 68,358

96
MPN/100mL. Consequently, all recreational activities such as
sampling stations recorded a bathing and washing of clothes
compliance rating of zero. High by local residents, which could
coliform count could be due to introduce human waste and
presence of livestock animals other forms of pollution into the
which were observed bathing in water. Domestic discharges also
the river. Additionally, the area contribute to high coliform
is frequently used for count.

Figure 4. 56. Fecal Coliform Count Annual Comparative of Bago

River Monitoring Stations, CY 2019-2022

The fecal coliform count of Malihao River

all sampling stations increased
in CY 2020, but there was an
improvement in results in CY
2021, although they still
remained far from the
acceptable limit. However, there
was a significant increase in
fecal coliform count in CY 2022.

Figure 4. 57. Malihao River

Malihao River is
approximately 14.5 kilometer
waterway located in Victorias
City situated at the northern
part of Negros Occidental

97
province. It’s headwaters well as a mode of sea craft
originates from the slope of transport. Land use pattern in
Mount Silay and cuts across the the upper and lower reach is
basin in a northeasterly predominantly agricultural with
direction passing thru sugarcane as the main crop.
agricultural lands and continues
to flow down, outskirting some EMB Region 6 established
barangays of the city before it five (5) sampling stations in
drains into Guimaras Strait. Malihao River for its regular
monitoring activities. Two (2) of
which are also stations for Adopt
The river has two major an Estero Program. Four
tributaries, the Magnanod River sampling stations are classified
which joins Malihao River just as class C water while station 5
outside the Poblacion of (Overflow, Victorias Golf Course)
Victorias and Alacaygan River is classified as class B water.
which joins at the upstream Table 4.18 shows the location of
portion of the said river. Another each monitoring station along
tributary is the Carugiat Creek Malihao River. Figure 4.58
which joins the Malihao River at shows the map of the monitoring
Brgy. Suol, Victorias. The river is stations.
a source of marine products and
freshwater for inland fisheries as

Table 4. 18. Malihao River Monitoring Stations

Station
Location Coordinates Class
No.

Daan Banwa Wharf

10°31'13.10”N
1 Brgy. IX, Victorias City, C
122° 50'15.62”E
Negros Occidental

Malihao Bridge 10°53'48.17”N

2 C
Victorias City, Negros Occidental 123° 3'52.60”E

VMC Mixing Zone 10°53'18.40”N

3 C
Victorias City, Negros Occidental 123° 3'54.33”E

VMC Pumping Station 10°52'49.46”N

4 C
Victorias City, Negros Occidental 123° 3'42.71”E

VMC Golf Course 10°52'15.13”N

5 B
Victorias City, Negros Occidental 123° 4'14.36”E

98
 Figure 4. 58. Map of Malihao River Sampling Stations

For CY 2022, twelve (12) compliant in terms of

sampling events were temperature and color. TSS, pH,
conducted at Malihao River. BOD, phosphate and fecal
Tables 4.19 to 4.21 show the coliform count recorded non-
annual range and average of compliances with their respective
parameters tested. Generally, WQGV.
all sampling stations are

Table 4. 19. Annual Range and Average of in-situ parameters of

Malihao River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
Parameters
Stn
No
Location Class pH Temperature, °C DO, mg/L
Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Ave WQG
Daan
6.5-
1 Banwa C 6.0 8.0 6.6
9.0
26.0 31.0 28.8 25-31 0.5 6.5 4.0 5.0
Wharf
Malihao 6.5-
2 C 5.0 8.0 6.4
9.0
27.0 31.0 28.5 25-31 1.0 7.8 4.3 5.0
Bridge
VMC
6.5-
3 Mixing C 5.0 7.0 6.4
9.0
27.0 32.0 29.0 25-31 2.6 7.7 6.0 5.0
Zone
VMC
6.5-
4 Pumping C 6.0 7.0 6.6
9.0
27.0 32.0 28.8 25-31 5.1 8.9 7.3 5.0
Station
VMC Golf 6.5-
5 B 5.0 7.0 6.4
8.5
27.0 32.0 29.0 26-30 5.7 10.0 7.8 5.0
Course

99
Table 4. 21. Annual Range and Average of Phosphate and Fecal
Coliform of Malihao River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

Parameters
St
n Loca- Clas
Phosphate, mg P/L Fecal Coliform, MPN/100 mL
No tion s
. WQ Ge-
Min Max Ave Min Max WQG
G omean
Daan
0.02
1 Banwa C 0.039 0.150 0.085 23,000 540,000 95,311 200.0
5
Wharf
Malihao 0.02 1,600,00
2 C 0.030 0.355 0.125 7,900 108,337 200.0
Bridge 5 0
VMC
0.02 1,600,00
3 Mixing C 0.032 0.303 0.115 2,400 63,609 200.0
5 0
Zone
VMC
0.02 1,600,00
4 Pumping C 0.020 0.145 0.073 24,000 106,541 200.0
5 0
Station
VMC
0.02
5 Golf B 0.010 0.122 0.036 3,500 920,000 32,192 100.0
5
Course

Figure 4. 59. Annual Average DO of Malihao River Monitoring

Stations, CY 2022

100
Figure 4. 60. DO Compliance Rating of Malihao River Monitoring
Stations, CY 2022

Figure 4.59 shows that and 42 percent, respectively. The

three (3) of the five (5) stations overall compliance rating for
met the 5.0 mg/L WQGV dissolved oxygen in the Malihao
requirement for both Class C River is 75 percent.
and Class B waters, while the
other two (2) stations, which
were situated outside of the
Victorias Milling Company
compound, did not comply. The
data revealed that the average
DO level gradually decreased
going downstream, with Station
1 (Daan Banwa Wharf), the
furthest downstream, recording
the lowest average DO of 4.0
mg/L. This station acted as a
catchment area for run-offs and
discharges from households and
commercial establishments along
the waterbody. The compliance
ratings presented in Figure 4.60
indicate that Station 5 (VMC Golf
course) and Station 4 (VMC
Pumping Station) yielded 100
percent compliance ratings,
whereas Station 1 (Daan Banwa
Wharf) and Station 2 (Malihao
Bridge) had the lowest
compliance ratings of 50 percent

101
Figure 4. 61. DO Annual Comparative Results of Malihao River
Monitoring Stations, CY 2019-2022

Since CY 2019, Station 4 and as of CY 2021, four (4) out

(VMC Pumping Station) and of the five (5) sampling stations
Station 5 (VMC Golf Course) complied with WQGV. However,
have consistently met the in CY 2022, the annual average
WQGV. The DO levels of all DO levels of Stations 1 and 2
sampling stations have shown declined and failed to meet the
improvement since CY 2019, WQGV.

Figure 4. 62. Annual Average BOD of Malihao River Monitoring

Stations, CY 2022

102
Figure 4. 63. BOD Compliance Rating of Malihao River Monitoring
Stations, CY 2022

Two (2) out of five (5) attributed to the discharge of

sampling stations met the Class waste from sugar mills during
B (5 mg/L) and Class C (7 mg/L) milling operations, as well as
commercial and domestic waste
WQGV for BOD. These stations
from the residential areas and
were Station 5 (VMC Golf
establishments in the city. Daan
Course) and Station 4 (VMC Banwa Wharf serves as the
Pumping Station) with BOD collection point for these sources
levels of 1.2 mg/L and 1.8 mg/L of pollution before it flows into
respectively. These two stations Guimaras Strait. The overall
also achieved compliance ratings compliance rating for the water
of 100 percent. On the other body is 75 percent
hand, Station 3 (VMC Mixing
Zone) recorded the highest
average BOD of 23.4 mg/L.

As illustrated in Figure
4.63, Station 3 exhibited high
BOD levels, which gradually
decreased as the sampling
stations moved downstream, but
still exceeded the WQGV. The
non-compliant BOD values were
recorded during the milling
season, which spans from
September to May. The poor
water quality of Malihao River in
terms of BOD could be

103
Figure 4. 64. BOD Annual Comparative of Malihao River
Monitoring Stations, CY 2019-2022

Overall, there has been a only one exception in CY 2020

decrease in BOD levels when when it exceeded the WQGV.
compared to the results from CY However, the annual average
2019. Station 5 (VMC Golf BOD levels of Stations 1 to 3
Course) has consistently have not met the WQGV since
complied with the WQGV, while 2019, although there has been a
Station 4 (VMC Pumping Station) gradual decrease in
has complied since 2019, with concentration over the years.

Figure 4. 65. Annual Average TSS of Malihao River Monitoring

Stations, CY 2022

104
Figure 4. 66. TSS Compliance Rating of Malihao River Monitoring
Stations, CY 2022

The data presented in

Figure 4.65 indicate that four (4)
out of five (5) sampling stations
met the WQGV. Additionally, it
was observed that the
concentration of TSS increased
as the water flowed downstream,
with Station 1 (Daan Banwa
Wharf), located furthest
downstream, yielding the highest
TSS concentration of 86.7 mg/L
which exceeded the WQGV.
Figure shows that
compliance ratings for TSS of
Malihao river range from 75
percent to 83 percent. Non-
compliant results were noted in
August and October, and this
could be attributed to the rainfall
that occurred before water
sampling. The overall compliance
rating is 82 percent.

105
Figure 4. 67. TSS Annual Comparative of Malihao River
Monitoring Stations, CY 2019-2022

Figure 4.67 shows that with results obtained in CY

TSS concentration of sampling 2019. However, in CY 2022, TSS
stations consistently complied concentrations increased, and
with their respective WQGV. Station 1 (Daan Banwa Wharf)
Annual average TSS also already exceeded the maximum
decreased in CY 2021 compared allowable value.

Figure 4. 68. Annual Average Phosphate of Malihao River

Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

106
Figure 4. 69. Phosphate Compliance Rating of Malihao River
Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

The maximum acceptable Figure 4.69 illustrates that

limit of 0.025 mg/L was only Station 4 (VMC Pumping
exceeded by all the sampling Station) and Station 5 (VMC Golf
Course) had phosphate results
stations. The high levels of
that met the guidelines, with
phosphate concentration are
compliance ratings of 8 percent
linked to agricultural run-offs and 58 percent, respectively. The
from the sugar cane plantations overall compliance rating for the
surrounding the area, as well water body is 13 percent.
as waste discharges from
residential and commercial
establishments, which lead to
non-compliance.

Figure 4. 70. Phosphate Annual Comparative of Malihao River

Monitoring Stations, CY 2021-2022

107
 Though phosphate still non-compliant with the
concentration of all sampling WQGV.
stations decreased, results are

Figure 4. 71. Annual Geomean Fecal Coliform Count of Malihao

River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

Figure 4. 72. Fecal Coliform Compliance Rating of Malihao River

Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

All sampling stations MPN/100mL was recorded at

significantly exceeded the 200 Station 2 (Malihao Bridge) while
MPN/100 mL WQGV for Class C the lowest coliform count of
and 100 MPN/100 mL for Class 32,192 MPN/100mL was
B. Highest geomean fecal recorded at Station 5 (VMC Golf
coliform count of 108,337 Course). All sampling stations

108
yielded zero compliance with the contamination of the water body.
WQGV. The river channel serves as a
catchment area of the
The high coliform count wastewater from the
observed in Malihao River is surrounding areas. As such,
likely a result of the discharge of pollutants from these sources
wastewater from different accumulate in the river, leading
sources such as households, to a high coliform count. The
businesses, and industries. situation is compounded by the
These sources release untreated lack of proper wastewater
or poorly treated wastewater into treatment facilities or inadequate
the river, which leads to capacity of existing ones.

Figure 4. 73. Fecal Coliform Count Comparative of Malihao River

Monitoring Stations, CY 2019-2022

All stations consistently Recreational Waters

exceeded the WQGV for Class C Monitoring Program
and Class B waters. Comparison
The Province of Antique is
of annual results show that fecal
among the four provinces
coliform count of all sampling
comprised the Panay Island
stations improved and recorded along with provinces of Aklan,
the lowest in CY 2021 but Capiz and Iloilo. It borders the
significantly increased in CY western portion of the island
2022. and was profiled as an ordinary
seahorse-shaped province. The
province has a total area of

109
2,729.17 km2 and a population general. Without appropriate
density of 210/km2. management in place, these
pressures coupled with the
Antique is also known as changing climate will eventually
“where the mountain meets the pose an irreversible damage to
sea” province due to its the environment.
traversing mountain range on
one side and vast ocean on the Hence, the Department of
other side, both abutted by Environment and Natural
rivers. It has the highest Resources (DENR) through the
elevation in the island with Environmental Management
2,117 masl found in Mount Bureau (EMB) provides a
Madia-as and several mountain framework in managing the
peaks which explains the robust recreational waters to maintain a
river systems found in the balanced ecology and protect
province. Likewise, Antique is public health. There are three (3)
also characterized by beautiful recreational waters that are
beaches and rich marine life being monitored by the EMB
where it is bordered by Cuyo Region 6 in the Province of
East Pass and Sulu Sea. Antique. These waterbodies are
Malumpati-Bugang River,
The province also prides in Duyong-Tingib Beach in the
its wide array of tourism sites Municipality of Pandan and
and potentials and it is fast Tibiao River in the Municipalities
becoming a top tourism of Tibiao and Culasi.
destination in Western Visayas.
Over the past few years, Antique Since the implementation
shows an increasing trend in of the program in CY 2017, a
tourist arrivals, as well as forward-looking of creating a
economic activities brought by local committee and framework
tourism industry. Among the were considered in every activity
manifestations of the trend is the it undertook. It is with the end
re-opening of the airport in San goal of designating the
Jose, to cater direct flights from waterbodies as Water Quality
other destinations. Management Area (WQMA).
Several milestones were achieved
However, the flourishing in the implementation of the
tourism industry in the province program, however, differs at the
not only provides economic level of activities undertaken for
opportunities but as well pose each site.
pressures to homeostasis of
ecology and environment, in For example, on one hand,
a Local Project Site Committee

110
(LPSC) was created for Pandan country. Primarily, it aims to
recreational waters through an protect public health through
Executive Order by the Local subsequent reporting to
Chief Executive of Pandan, concerned agencies and
Antique. Likewise, an Action stakeholders as well through
Plan for Recreational Waters in public notification.
Pandan was drafted, formulated
and submitted to the Specifically, the
Sangguniang Bayan and monitoring activity aims to:
expecting approval and adoption
1. Gather data based on
thereof.
required parameters by
collecting water samples
On the other hand, LPSC
and on-site analyses to
was created for Tibiao River
provide a wholistic
recreational water while
perspective of the water
formulation of the action plan
quality of the recreational
was scheduled but was
waters;
disrupted due to the pandemic.
2. Encourage public
Regular water quality monitoring
participation through
however continues after the
consultations and drafting
lockdown was lifted. and implementation of the
action plan; and,
With the current condition 3. Provide the relevant
blighted by the pandemic caused information to the policy-
by COVID-19 disease, it will making body and regulatory
likely expect delays and agencies, both national and
revamping of the plan, projects local.
and activities to appropriately
consider the “new normal”
scenario in the recreational
Pandan Recreational Waters
waters.

Objectives

This monitoring program

adheres to the Memorandum
Circular 2015-006 or the
Guidelines for Recreational
Waters Monitoring Program
which provide clear guidance in
the implementation of Figure 4. 74. Photo of
monitoring activities in Malumpati Health Spring
recreational waters in the

111
 The Municipality of With the need for management,
Pandan in Antique has two (2) protection and conservation of
recreational waterbodies that the resources of Pandan Bay an
were monitored by the EMB R6. alliance was formed among
One is a freshwater, while the LGUs. This alliance is known as
other is a marine/coastal LiPaSeCu Council, where it got
water. Monitoring stations were its name from four (4) LGUs
established in both recreational within the Bay namely Libertad,
waters to monitor its water Pandan, Sebaste and Culasi.
quality through collection of
waters samples and analysis
and actual ocular observations A. River Profile
of the geo-physical and
meteorological conditions and Malumpati-Bugang River
anthropogenic activities that has a total stretch of
could likely affect the integrity approximately six (6) kilometers
of the recreational waters. with its headspring that has a
depth of roughly 30 meters (98 ft)
Municipality of Pandan is
deep. The main river and its
a fourth-class municipality in
tributaries originated from the
the Province of Antique with a
Northwest Panay Peninsula
land area of 15,883.3 hectares
Natural Park and entirely
comprising approximately
traverses the Municipality of
4.18% of the total land area of
Pandan which ultimately drains
the province. It has a total
in Pandan Bay.
population of 34,333 according
to 2015 census with population It is characterized by
density of 2.2 capita per shallow rocky areas and sandy-
hectare. It is bounded by Cuyo muddy bottom with some parts
East Pass on the west; by the exposed during low tides. The
Province of Aklan in the east; river traverses five (5) barangays
and by the Municipalities of namely: Brgy. Candari, Brgy. Sto.
Libertad and Sebaste in the Rosario, Brgy. Guia, Brgy.
north and south, respectively. Zaldivar and Brgy. Mag-aba
which then converges in the Bay.
Pandan is fast becoming
top tourist destinations in
The Malumpati-Bugang
Western Visayas due to its
River has the highest elevation of
proximity in Boracay Island.
31-meters above sea level (masl)
Among the major attractions it
from its headspring. It has a
offers are the Bugang River,
maximum slope of 11.4% and an
which has been awarded as the
average slope of 2% which are
cleanest inland body of water in
considerably flat to undulating
the Philippines, and White
hill. Graph of this elevation as
beaches along Pandan Bay.
shown in figure 4.75 was

112
retrieved using the Google Malumpati-Bugang River
Earth elevation profile. has a rich fish faunal
However, its tributaries range composition and is comparable
from approximately 781 masl to to other major river systems in
less than 100 masl originating the country such as Bago River
mainly from the Northwest in Negros Occidental, Langaran
Panay Peninsula Natural Park River in Misamis Oriental as well
(NWPPNP).
as to other major watersheds of
the Makiling Forest Reserve in
Laguna (Pallet et. Al., 2011).

B. Beach Profile

Figure 4. 75. Elevation Profile

of Malumpati-Bugang River

The vegetation cover of Figure 4. 76. Aerial Photo of

this riverine system varies from Duyong-Tingib Beach, Pandan,
intensive riparian vegetation to Antique
mixed freshwater and brackish
water lined with Nypa fruticans
and several species of On the other hand, the
mangroves. Duyong-Tingib Beach has
gradually been emerging as
According to Guzman and tourist spot in the province due
Capaque (2014), there are thirty to its pristine waters and off-
-eight (38) fish species from white sand with a good view of
thirty genera belonging to the sunset. This can be
twenty (20) families were manifested with the presence of
recorded at the time of study in several resorts within and
November 2013 to March 2014 surrounding the area.
at Malumpati-Bugang River.
The species belonging to The entire stretch of the
Eleotridae was found to be the coastal area of Pandan is
most abundant in the riverine approximately 11,557 meters in
system. length. However, the Duyong-
Tingib white beach stretches
approximately 3,144 meters

113
covering the entire length of both characterized by dominance of
barangays, Brgy. Duyong and coconut trees (Cocos nucifera)
Brgy. Tingib. The said water and morning glory (Ipomoea sp.),
body is part of the greater water while Pandanus sp. And some
body, the Pandan Bay. Several grasses are sparsely distributed.
creeks were observed draining in No data on marine ecosystem
the northwest and southeast was included in this report, since
portion of the water body. no available studies were
According to local guide, these accessed.
creeks were some of the
contributors to organic debris Figure 4.77 show the map
such as coconut husk, leaves of Pandan Recreational Waters
and Table 4.22 show the
and bamboo that are washed
monitoring stations,
ashore during weather
geographical coordinates and
disturbances. official classification of Bugang
River.
Its coastline is

Figure 4. 77. Map of Pandan Recreational Waters and Location of

Monitoring Stations

114
Table 4. 22. Bugang River Monitoring Stations

Stn Official
Geographical
. Location Classificatio
Coordinates
No. n
Bugang River, Upstream of
1301096.
1 Malumpati Cold Spring & Pandan A 399278.40
96
Water District
Bugang River, Downstream of 1300974.
2 B 399423.48
Malumpati Cold Spring 52

Bugang River, Upstream of 1298784.

3 B 398519.78
Naranjo Waterpark 06

Bugang River, Downstream of 1298660.

4 B 398349.67
Naranjo Waterpark 42

For CY 2022, twelve (12) parameters tested. Generally,

sampling events were sampling stations are compliant
conducted at Bugang River. for all parameters except fecal
Tables 4.23 to 4.26 show the coliform and oil and grease.
annual range and average of

Table 4. 23. Annual Range and Average of in-situ parameters of

Malumpati-Bugang River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

Parameters
Stn
Location Class pH Temperature, °C DO, mg/L
No
Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Ave WQG

Malumpati
6.5- 20. 28. 25. 26-
1 Upstream A 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.3 9.6 8.2 5.0
(Class A) 8.5 0 0 3 30

Malumpati
6.5- 23. 28. 25. 26-
2 Down- B 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.3 9.8 8.4 5.0
stream 8.5 0 0 3 30

Naranjo
6.5- 26. 29. 27. 26-
3 Waterpark B 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.2 8.8 7.6 5.0
Upstream 8.5 0 0 3 30

Naranjo
Waterpark 6.5- 23. 37. 27. 26-
4 Down-
B 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.9 9.1 8.1 5.0
8.5 0 0 8 30
stream

115
Table 4. 24. Annual Range and Average of BOD, TSS and Color of Malumpati-
Bugang River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

Parameters
Stn BOD, mg/L TSS, mg/L Color, TCU
Location Class
No
Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Ave WQG

Malumpati
<1. <1. <5. 10.
1 Upstream A 1.0 0.4 3.0 8.0 1.8 50 1.3 50
(Class A) 0 0 0 0

Malumpati
<1. <2. <5. 10.
2 Down- B 2.0 1.7 5.0 6.0 2.3 65 1.3 50
stream 0 5 0 0

Naranjo
<1. 10. <2. 10. <5.
3 Waterpark B 1.7 5.0 4.1 65 5.0 0.8 50
Upstream 0 0 5 0 0

Naranjo
Waterpark <1. <5. 10.
4 Down- B 2.0 0.9 5.0 2.0 8.0 4.0 65 0.8 50
0 0 0
stream

Table 4. 25. Annual Range and Average of Phosphate and Fecal

Coliform of Malumpati-Bugang River Monitoring Stations, CY
2022

Parameters
St
n Clas Phosphate, mg/L Fecal Coliform, MPN/100 mL
Location
No s
. WQ Ge-
Min Max Ave Min Max WQG
G omean
Malumpati
0.02
1 Upstream A ND 0.019 0.010 230 54,000 2,077 50.0
(Class A) 5
Malumpati
0.02
2 Down- B ND 0.015 0.011 330 240,000 3,982 100.0
stream 5
Naranjo
0.02
3 Waterpark B 0.010 0.072 0.026 2,300 92,000 12,061 100.0
Upstream 5
Naranjo
Waterpark 0.02
4 Down- B ND 0.029 0.015 1,700 54,000 6,328 100.0
5
stream

116
Table 4. 26. Annual Range and Average of Oil and Grease of
Malumpati-Bugang River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

Stn Oil and Grease, mg/L

Location Class
No. Min Max Ave WQG
1 Malumpati Upstream (Class A) A 1.0 3.0 2.0 1.0
2 Malumpati Downstream B 1.0 22.0 8.7 1.0
3 Naranjo Waterpark Upstream B 1.0 2.0 1.3 1.0
4 Naranjo Waterpark Downstream B 1.0 16.0 6.3 1.0

Figure 4. 78. Annual Average DO Results of Malumpati-Bugang

River, CY 2022

Figure 4. 79. DO Compliance Rating of Malumpati-Bugang River,

CY 2022

117
 Figure 4.78 shows that recorded at Station 2 (Malumpati
annual averages of all sampling Downstream). Similarly, all
stations met the 5.0 mg/L sampling stations yielded 100
WQGV for Class A and Class B percent compliance rating for CY
waters. Highest DO 2022 as shown in Figure 4.79.
concentration of 8.4 mg/L was

Figure 4. 80. Annual Average BOD Results of Malumpati-Bugang

River, CY 2022

Figure 4. 81. BOD Compliance Rating of Malumpati-Bugang River,

CY 2022

118
 As shown in Figure 4.80, sampling events conducted,
all sampling stations complied generating 100 percent
with the 3 mg/L and 5 mg/L compliance rating for CY 2022.
WQGV for Class A and Class B Station 2 (Malumpati
waters respectively. Station 1 Downstream) and Station 3
(Malumpati Upstream) recorded (Naranjo Waterpark
the lowest and most compliant Downstream) both achieved 92%
BOD level of 0.4 mg/L. compliance). BOD concentration
spike wa s reco rded last
Figure 4.81 shows that September with >14 mg/L and
three out of four sampling 10 mg/L respectively.
stations met the WQGV for all

Figure 4. 82. Annual Average TSS Results of Malumpati-Bugang

River, CY 2022

Figure 4. 83. TSS Compliance Rating of Malumpati-Bugang River,

CY 2022

119
 Figure 4.82 shows that all Upstream) with a value of 4.1
sampling stations complied with mg/L. As shown in Figure 4.83,
the 50 mg/L and 65 mg/L all sampling stations complied
WQGV for Class A and Class B with the WQGV for all sampling
respectively. Highest annual events conducted for CY 2022
average TSS was recorded at and yielded 100 percent
Station 3 (Naranjo Waterpark compliance rating.

Figure 4. 84. Annual Average Oil and Grease Results of Malumpati-

Bugang River, CY 2022

Figure 4. 85. Oil and Grease Compliance Rating of Malumpati-

Bugang River, CY 2022

120
 All stations exceeded the Station 3 also achieved the
1.0 mg/L WQGV. The highest highest compliance rating of 67
OG concentration was percent. Other stations yielded
reco rded in S t a t io n 2 33 percent compliance. The
(Malumpati Downstream) with pres en ce of co mme rcia l
an average value of 8.7 mg/L. est a blish men t s and the
The lowest average OG of 1.3 increasing number of tourists
mg/L was recorded at Station are possible contributors to
3 (Naranjo Waterpark wastewater generation in the
Upstream). Consequently, area.

Figure 4. 86. Annual Average Phosphate Results of Malumpati-

Bugang River, CY 2022

Figure 4. 87. Phosphate Percentage Compliance Rating of

Malumpati-Bugang River, CY 2022

121
 Figure 4.86 shows that yielded 100 percent compliance.
Station 3 (Naranjo Waterpark Overall, Malumpati-Bugang
Upstream) recorded the highest River has a phosphate
annual average phosphate compliance rating of 83 percent.
concentration of 0.026 mg P/L
which exceeded the WQGV. The Coliform bacteria grow in
presence of people doing their the intestinal tracts of humans
laundry, wastewater discharge and other warm-bloodied
from establishments, and a animals. Monitoring the fecal
culvert connected to the coliform concentration in the
drainage are the possible recreational waters aids the
stakeholders whether the
contributors of elevated
waterbody is free and safe from
phosphate concentration. Other
diseases causing bacteria since
sampling stations complied with
coliform bacteria can be an
the WQGV.
indicator of fecal contamination
as well as for other possibly
As shown in Figure 4.87,
pathogenic microorganisms.
Station 3 (Naranjo Waterpark
Below are the results of
Upstream) and Station 4
monitoring Fecal Coliform
(Naranjo Waterpark
Concentration for Malumpati-
Downstream) generated non-
Bugang River.
compliant phosphate results.
Two other sampling stations

Figure 4. 88. Annual Geomean Fecal Coliform Results of

Malumpati-Bugang River, CY 2022

122
Figure 4. 89. Fecal Coliform Count Compliance Rating of
Malumpati-Bugang River, CY 2022

Figure 4.88 shows that count for Malumpati-Bugang

fecal coliform concentration River. Residential and
failed to meet the 50 MPN/100 commercial establishments
mL and 100 MPN/100 mL present in the area were
Water Quality Guideline Values considered as the primary
for Class A and Class B wastewater contributors.
respectively. Station 3 (Naranjo Inspection and surveillance of
Waterpark Upstream) recorded establishments especially their
the highest annual geomean discharge permits and septic
fecal coliform count of 12,061 disposals could help mitigate the
MPN/100 mL. Highest fecal increasing fecal coliform
coliform count of all sampling concentration.
stations were recorded in
November after Typhoon Paeng
hit the Province of Antique.
Flooding, damages in
infrastructures, and storm
runoffs contributed to the rise
of fecal coliform in that
particular month.

Figure 4.89 illustrates

that all sampling stations
generated zero percent
compliance resulting to an
overall compliance rating of
zero percent for fecal coliform

123
Figure 4. 90. Fecal Coliform Count Annual Comparative of
Malumpati-Bugang River, CY 2017-2022

The 5-year annual

comparative fecal coliform
Surveillance and
concentration of the Malumpati-
inspection in the area are
Bugang River was shown in
advised particularly in the upper
Figure 4.90. Based on the data
portion of the station where
shown, the values of the annual
residential areas can be found.
geomean of Station 1(Malumpati
Upstream) and Station 2
(Malumpati Downstream)
On the other hand, the
relatively increased compared to
values of fecal coliform for
the 2021 data as shown above. A
Station 3 (Naranjo Waterpark
huge increase in the geomean
Upstream) and Station 4
value of Station 1(Malumpati
(Naranjo Waterpark
Upstream) is concerning since it
Downstream) decreased by 43.86
is classified as Class A and it
% and 78.45 % respectively.
also houses Pandan Water
Although geomean values
District, one of the sources of
significantly improved compared
water in the area. Increasing
to the previous year, the data
fecal coliform count is attributed
still shows that the two stations
to increasing waste discharges
garnered the highest fecal
from residential and commercial
coliform count in the Malumpati-
establishments and surface run-
Bugang River in 2022.
off from non-point sources
Continuous improvement

124
through the efforts of the local For CY 2022, twelve (12)
government unit and the general sampling events were conducted.
public must be employed in Tables 4.28 to 4.30 show the
order to decrease the fecal annual range and average of
concentration in these areas. parameters tested. All sampling
stations complied with the
WQGV of all parameters except
Duyong-Tingib Beach fecal coliform count.

Table 4.27 shows the

monitoring stations and
geographical coordinates of
Duyong-Tingib Beach.

Table 4. 27. Duyong-Tingib Beach Monitoring Stations

Stn Official Geographical

. Location Classification Coordinates
No.
Duyong-Tingib Beach, 100m
1 Right of Phaidon Beach Resort SB 395039.72 1297676.18

Duyong-Tingib Beach, Middle of

2 Phaidon Beach Resort SB 395231.39 1297558.44

Duyong-Tingib Beach, 100m

3 Left of Phaidon Beach Resort SB 395311.48 1297511.24

Table 4. 28. Annual Range and Average of in-situ parameters of

Duyong-Tingib Beach Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

Parameters
St
n Location Class pH Temperature, °C DO, mg/L
No
Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Ave WQG

Duyong-
Tingib 7.0- 24. 31. 28. 26-
1 Beach SB 8.0 8.0 8.0 6.0 8.2 7.1 6.0
8.5 0 0 8 30
(Right)

Duyong-
Tingib 7.0- 24. 31. 28. 26-
2 Beach SB 8.0 8.0 8.0 6.0 8.0 7.0 6.0
8.5 0 0 9 30
(Middle)

Duyong-
Tingib 7.0- 24. 31. 28. 26-
3 Beach SB 8.0 8.0 8.0 6.2 8.1 7.1 6.0
8.5 0 0 9 30
(Left)

125
Table 4. 29. Annual Range and Average of Phosphate and Fecal
Coliform of Duyong-Tingib Beach Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

St Parameters
n Phosphate, mg P/L Fecal Coliform, MPN/100 mL
Location Class
No
. Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Geomean WQG

Duyong-
Tingib
1 Beach SB ND 0.106 0.014 0.2 5 9,200 147 100.0
(Right)
Duyong-
Tingib
2 Beach SB ND 0.089 0.016 0.2 8 3,500 196 100.0
(Middle)
Duyong-
Tingib
3 Beach SB ND 0.086 0.014 0.2 17 3,500 138 100.0
(Left)

Table 4. 30. Annual Range and Average Oil and Grease of Duyong-
Tingib Beach Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

Stn Oil and Grease, mg/L

Location Class
No. Min Max Ave WQG
1 Duyong-Tingib Beach (Right) SB <1.0 3.0 1.0 2.0
2 Duyong-Tingib Beach (Middle) SB 1.0 3.0 2.0 2.0
3 Duyong-Tingib Beach (Left) SB <1.0 2.0 1.0 2.0

Figure 4. 91. Annual Average DO Results of Duyong-Tingib Beach,

CY 2022

126
Figure 4. 92. DO Compliance Rating of Duyong-Tingib Beach, CY
2022

Figures 4.91 and 4.92 Class SB water and yielded 100

show that all sampling stations percent compliance rating.
met the 6.0 mg/L WQGV for

Figure 4. 93. Annual Average OG Results of Duyong-Tingib Beach,

CY 2022

127
Figure 4. 94. Oil and Grease Compliance Rating of Duyong-Tingib
Beach, CY 2022

Figure 4.93 show that Station, 3 (Duyong-Tingib Beach

annual average oil and grease Left) has recorded 100%
concentrations of all sampling compliance. The highest value of
stations are within the allowable oil and grease concentration
limit. Oil and grease annual were recorded in the months of
compliance results was shown April and November with a value
in Figure 4.94. Quarterly of 3 mg/L. The presence of
sampling events are conducted motor boats used for fishing on
for this parameter. Station 1 the shoreline is one of the
(Duyong-Tingib Beach Middle) possible contributors to this
and Station 2 (Duyong-Tingib spike in the oil and grease
Beach Middle) achieved 75 % concentration.
compliance. On the other hand

Figure 4. 95. Annual Average Phosphate Results of Duyong-Tingib

Beach, CY 2022

128
Figure 4. 96. Phosphate Percentage Compliance Rating of Duyong-
Tingib Beach, CY 2022

Figures 4.95 and 4.96 show show 100 percent compliance

that phosphate concentrations with the 0.2 mg/L WQGV for all
of all sampling stations are sampling activities conducted.
within the allowable limit.
Likewise, all sampling stations

Figure 4. 97. Annual Geomean Fecal Coliform Results of Duyong-

Tingib Beach, CY 2022

129
Figure 4. 98. Fecal Coliform Percentage Compliance Rating of
Duyong-Tingib Beach, CY 2022

As shown in Figure 4.97 when high fecal concentrations

above, all sampling stations were observed.
exceeded the 100MPN/100 mL
WQGV for fecal coliform
concentration of Class SB Figure 4.98 shows that all
(Marine Waters). The highest sampling stations recorded non-
geomean value was recorded at compliant results and generated
Station 2 (Duyong-Tingib Beach 33 percent to 42 percent
Middle) with 196 MPN/100 mL. compliance ratings. Fluctuations
Marine debris including plastic in the result is mainly due to the
waste, rubber slippers, twigs, polluted run-off or water that
and derelict fishing gear was drains after rainfall.
also evident during the months

Figure 4. 99. Fecal Coliform Count Annual Comparative of Duyong

-Tingib Beach, CY 2017-2022

130
 The 5-Year Annual approximately 6.5% of the total
comparative results for the fecal land area of the province. It has
coliform of Duyong-Tingib a total population of 26,748
Beach were shown in Figure
according to 2015 census with
4.99. Based on the results,
significant increase in fecal population density of 150 capita
coliform concentration was seen per square kilometer. It is
in all stations making it non- bounded by Cuyo East Pass on
compliant with the given Water the west; by the Central Panay
Quality Guidelines Values for
Mountain Range and Province of
Class SB Marine Waters which
is 100 MPN/100 mL. Coastal Aklan in the east; and by the
Cleanups and inspection of Municipalities of Culasi and
w a st ew a t er di s ch a r ge o f Barbaza in the north and south,
establishments are some of the respectively.
ways to mitigate the increase in
fecal concentration.
Tibiao is situated at 51 P
Tibiao Recreational Water 396314 1247476 in the northern
portion of a seahorse-shaped
province of Antique and is 75
kilometers from the province
capital, San Jose de Buenavista.
It is politically divided into 21
barangays, of which eight
barangays are considered as
coastal barangays and 5 upland
barangays.

Like Pandan, Tibiao is also

fast becoming top tourist
destinations in Western Visayas
due to relentless effort of the
LGU and the Province in
promoting its tourism industry
Figure 4. 100. Photo of coupled with its proximity in
Station 7 of Tibiao River Boracay Island. It offers various
located at Brgy. Tuno, Tibiao, tourism activities that are
Antique frequented by both local and
foreign tourists. Among these are
the experiential tourism such as
The Municipality of Tibiao “Lambaklad” wherein tourists
have the opportunities to
is a fourth-class municipality in
experience fishing in the fish
the Province of Antique with a
aggregating device locally known
land area of 177.42 square as Lambaklad. In the river, local
kilometers constituting tourism industry offers

131
adrenaline rushing activities sandy bottom with exposed large
such as kayaking and boulders from upstream up to
whitewater rafting. midstream. Some of the riparian
vegetation observed were mainly
A. River Profile dominated by bamboo and some
Acacia trees (Samanea saman)
The Tibiao River is within and sparsely distributed Ficus
the Tibiao River Basin which sp. Along the riverbanks and
rock outcrops and boulders.
covers the municipalities of
Some grasses and shrubs serve
Madalag in Aklan and Culasi
as ground cover which helps soil
and Tibiao in Antique. The stability in the riverbanks.
DENR River Basin Control Office Canopy tree species and
(RBCO) identified it as one of undergrowth were likewise
the 421 river basins in the observed particularly in the
country with a drainage area of upstream of the river and
119 square kilometers and an tributary creek originating from
estimated 151 million cubic Bugtong Bato Falls.
meter annual run-off.
The river traverses at least
9 barangays from the
The river has a total
Municipalities of Culasi and
stretch of approximately 25.4
Tibiao. These barangays are
kilometers which traverses the
Alojipan, Osorio and Flores in
municipalities of Culasi and
Culasi and Pitac, Tuno,
Tibiao and ultimately drains in
Tigbaboy, Importante, Santa
Sulu Sea. The main river system
Justa and ultimately drains in
and its several tributaries
Martinez. Most of the stations
originated mainly from the
established were approximately
Central Panay Mountain Range,
less than a kilometer from the
particularly from Mt. Madia-as
rice fields and built-up areas.
in Culasi.
Water from the river were
The soil classes in Tibiao diverted to irrigate the rice fields.
River Basin are mostly clay and
The Tibiao River has the
portion of undifferentiated soil
highest elevation of 1,714-meters
class with a meager portion of above sea level (masl) from its
sandy loam downstream of the headwater. It has a maximum
river based on the dataset from slope of 66.5% and an average
the Bureau of Soils under the slope of 9.3% which are
Department of Agriculture taken considerably undulating hill to
before 2004. steep. Graph of this elevation as
shown in figure 4.78 was
The river is characterized retrieved using the Google Earth
by a shallow rocky areas and elevation profile. However, its
tributaries ranging from

132
approximately 1,530 masl to less Four (4) monitoring
at least 622 masl originating stations (Stations 1 – 4) were
mainly from the Central Panay established to serve as baseline
Mountain Range. data from the headwater (Brgy.
Flores) and contributing creeks
to the main River. Stations 5 to
8 were established in Tibiao
River as regular stations to be
monitored monthly. All the
stations mentioned above are
either situated adjacent to
tourism facilities, agricultural
farms and rural communities.
Table 4.31 and Figure 4.102
Figure 4. 101. Elevation show the location and map of
Profile of Tibiao River. monitoring stations.

Table 4. 31. Tibiao River Monitoring Stations

Stn Official
Geographical
. Location Classificatio
Coordinates
No. n
Bugtong Bato Falls-Tibiao River 399568.37 1251446.94
1 B
Confluence
399549.86 1251388.47
2 Tuno Upstream B
399335.01 1251290.28
3 Tuno Downstream B
398397.08 1250511.23
4 Botong, Brgy. Tigbaboy B

133
Figure 4. 102. Map of Tibiao River Recreational Water and
Location of Monitoring Stations

For CY 2022, twelve (12) sampling stations complied with

sampling events were conducted the WQGV for all parameters
at Tibiao River. Tables 4.32 to except TSS, oil and grease,
4.35 show the annual range and phosphate and fecal coliform.
average of parameters tested. All

Table 4. 32. Annual Range and Average of in-situ parameters of

Tibiao River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

Parameters
Stn pH Temperature, °C DO, mg/L
No
Location Class
Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Ave WQG

Bugtong
Bato Falls-
6.5- 21. 28. 26.
1 Tibiao River B 7.0 7.0 7.0
2
26-30 7.8 9.2 8.5 5.0
Confluence 8.5 0 0
(Class B)

134
 Brgy. Tuno 6.5- 19. 29. 26. 26-
2 Upstream B 7.0 7.0 7.0 5.6 8.9 8.1 5.0
(Class B) 8.5 0 0 2 30
Brgy. Tuno
Down- 6.5- 24. 28. 26. 26-
3 stream B 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.7 9.1 8.2 5.0
8.5 0 0 0 30
(Class B)
Botong,
Brgy. 6.5- 24. 29. 26. 26-
4 B 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 9.6 8.3 5.0
Tigbaboy 8.5 0 0 8 30
(Class B)

Table 4. 33. Annual Range and Average of BOD, TSS and Color of
Tibiao River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

Parameters
St
BOD, mg/L TSS, mg/L Color, TCU
n Location Class
No Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Ave WQG

Bugtong
Bato Falls-
<1. <2. 381 58. <5. 20.
1 Tibiao River B
0
4.0 1.5 5.0
5 .0 1
65
0 0
5.0 50
Confluence
(Class B)

Brgy. Tuno 1,2

<1. <2. 106 <5. 20.
2 Upstream B 3.0 1.3 5.0 20.
.4
65 3.8 50
(Class B) 0 5 0 0
0
Brgy. Tuno
Down- <1. <2. 960 86. <5. 20.
3 stream B
0
3.0 1.5 5.0
5 .0 8
65
0 0
4.6 50
(Class B)
Botong,
Brgy. <1. <2. 570 55. <5. 20.
4 Tigbaboy B
0
4.0 1.5 5.0
5 .0 8
65
0 0
3.3 50
(Class B)

Table 4. 34. Annual Range and Average of Phosphate and Fecal

Coliform of Tibiao River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

St Parameters
n Phosphate, mg P/L Fecal Coliform, MPN/100 mL
Location Class
No
Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Geomean WQG
.
Bugtong
Bato Falls-
1 Tibiao River B 0.026 0.375 0.088 0.025 2,400 240,000 10,372 100.0
Confluence
(Class B)

Brgy. Tuno
2 Upstream B 0.005 0.147 0.041 0.025 780 140,000 4,276 100.0
(Class B)

Brgy. Tuno
3 Downstream B 0.006 0.108 0.040 0.025 2,200 54,000 6,247 100.0
(Class B)

Botong,
Brgy.
4 Tigbaboy B ND 0.172 0.043 0.025 450 23,000 3,832 100.0
(Class B)

135
Table 4. 35. Annual Range and Average Oil and Grease of Tibiao
River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

Stn Oil and Grease, mg/L

Location Class
No. Min Max Ave WQG
Bugtong Bato Falls-Tibiao River Confluence
1 B 1.0 3.0 2.0 1.0
(Class B)
2 Brgy. Tuno Upstream (Class B) B 1.0 4.0 2.0 1.0

3 Brgy. Tuno Downstream (Class B) B 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

4 Botong, Brgy. Tigbaboy (Class B) B 1.0 11.0 4.7 1.0

Figure 4. 103. Annual Average DO Results of Tibiao River, CY

2022

Figure 4. 104. DO Compliance Rating of Tibiao River, CY 2022

136
 Figures 4.103 and 4.104 mg/L WQGV for Class B and
shows that all sampling generated 100 percent
stations complied with the 5.0 compliance ratings.

Figure 4. 105. Annual Average BOD Results of Tibiao River, CY

2022

Figure 4. 106. BOD Compliance Rating of Tibiao River, CY 2022

All sampling stations are As shown in Figure 4.104,

compliant with the 5.0 mg/L all stations generated 100%
WQGV for Class B. Lowest compliance ratings which
average BOD concentration was indicates low value of pollutants
obtained at Station 2 (Brgy. and with enough food available
Tuno Upstream) with a value of that can support life, such as of
1.3 mg/L which is still fishes in the river.
compliant with the WQGV.

137
Figure 4. 107. Annual Average TSS Results of Tibiao River, CY
2022

Figure 4. 108. TSS Compliance Rating of Tibiao River, CY 2022

Figure 4.107 shows that Figure 4.108 shows all

two (2) out of four (4) sampling sampling stations yielded non-
stations exceeded the 65 mg/L compliant values. Compliance
WQGV for Class B water. ratings for TSS ranges from 83
Highest annual average TSS percent to 92 percent. The
concentration was recorded at overall compliance rating for TSS
Station 2 (Brgy. Tuno of Tibiao River is 90 percent.
Upstream). It was also noted
that TSS level gradually
decrease going downstream.

138
Figure 4. 109. Annual Average Oil and Grease Results of Tibiao
River, CY 2022

Figure 4. 110. Oil and Grease Compliance Rating of Tibiao River,

CY 2022

The Annual Oil and Figure 4.110 shows the

Grease Concentration results of Annual Oil and Grease
Tibiao River for CY 2022 were compliance of Tibiao River for CY
shown in Figure 4.109. Based 2022. Three sampling events
were conducted with oil and
on the results, Station 3 (Brgy.
grease parameters. It shows that
Tuno Downstream) was the only
Station 3 (Brgy. Tuno
station that did not exceed the Downstream) was 100 %
1.0 mg/L WQGV for Class B. compliant in the three sampling
events while Station 2 (Brgy.

139
Tuno Downstream) achieved 67 the month of April at Station 4
percent. On the other hand, (Botong, Brgy. Tigbaboy) with a
Station 1 (Butong-Bato Falls- value of 11 mg/L. Due to heavy
Tibiao River Confluence) and rainfall, this station became a
Station 4 (Botong, Brgy. catch basin of wastewater
Tigbaboy) both achieved 33 discharge from nearby
percent compliance. The highest tributaries and other sampling
value of oil and grease stations of Tibiao River.
concentration was recorded in

Figure 4. 111. Annual Average Phosphate Results of Tibiao River,

CY 2022

Figure 4. 112. Phosphate Compliance Rating of Tibiao River, CY

2022

140
 Phosphate concentration doing their laundry and bathing
of Tibiao River monitoring near the sampling site.
stations for CY 2022 failed to Figure 4.110 shows that
comply with the 0.025 mg/L three (3) out of four sampling
WQGV. Station 1 (Bugtong Bato stations generated compliant
Falls- Tibiao River Confluence) results with compliance ratings
recorded the highest annual
ranging from 25 percent to 45
result of 0.088 mg P/L. percent. The overall compliance
Similarly, this sampling station rating for phosphate is 26
yielded the lowest compliance percent.
rating of zero percent. Moreover,
several residents were observed

Figure 4. 113. Annual Geomean Fecal Coliform Results of Tibiao

River, CY 2022

Figure 4. 114. Fecal Coliform Percentage Compliance Rating of

Tibiao River, CY 2022

141
 As shown in Figure establishments such as
4.113, all sampling stations restaurants, tourist-ins, and the
significantly exceeded the 100 famous kawa hot bath. These are
MPN/100 mL WQGV for Class the possible contributors to
B. Station 1 (Bugtong Bato Falls wastewater generation,
- Tibiao River Confluence) particularly those concerning the
recorded the highest fecal discharge of their drainage,
coliform concentration among livestock animal waste, and on-
the 4 (four) monitored stations site septic systems in the area.
in Tibiao River for the whole
year of monitoring with a value Figure 4.114 shows that
of 10,372 MPN/100 mL. all stations generated zero
Sampling stations are relatively percent compliance.
near residential and commercial

Figure 4. 115. Fecal Coliform Count Annual Comparative of Tibiao

River, CY 2019-2022

Based on the data shown improvements in the sampling

in Figure 4.115 above, fecal stations should be expanded
coliform count continuously further in coordination with the
increased since CY 2019. local government unit of Tibiao
However, there is a significant and the general public to make
decrease in fecal concentration the stations compliant to WQGV.
in all stations of Tibiao River in
CY 2022. These substantial

142
Iloilo City Coastline
Upon the request for
technical assistance on the
campaign for the treatment and
rehabilitation of the coastal
areas of Iloilo City with the aim
and view of converting it to a
Rest and Recreation Haven for
the 3Rs (Retied, Retiring,
Retirable) Generals, Officers and
Men of the AFP and PNP by
Figure 4. 116. Iloilo City ASec. Marcial C. Amaro, Jr.,
Coastline
EMB R6 has surveyed and
identified sampling stations that
would focus on the area of the
Iloilo City Coastline is
said request.
approximately 20 kilometers
stretching from Bo. Obrero, Iloilo
City to the municipality of Oton, Monitoring of Iloilo City
Iloilo. Its foreshore area has a Coastline started on August
maximum width of 2019. Currently, there are nine
approximately 40 meters and 10 (9) sampling stations for the
meters in some areas during low Iloilo City Coastline. Iloilo
tide. Residential houses and Fishing Port is one of the original
shanties occupied most of these sampling stations of the Iloilo
areas especially in Bo. Obrero, City Coastline. Mouth of Batiano
Molo and Arevalo. Resorts and river was included in the
restaurants also abound in this sampling stations since water
area. The International Port is in quality of the coastal water will
Bo. Obrero while domestic port is be affected by the discharges
situated near the Fort San Pedro made in Batiano River.
Area. The Iloilo Fishing Port is Boulevard beach and
situated in Infante, Molo which is Calumpang beach are areas with
a major center of fish trading and numerous informal settlers along
marine products processing in the coast. Rac Rap Beach Resort
Region VI. The port complex is is the first among the series of
the traditional landing site of bag beach resorts located in the area
netters and other fishing bancas followed by Breakthrough
in Iloilo City and nearby towns. Restaurant which marks the
Coconut plants are the only start of the series of restaurants
noticeable vegetation in this in the district of Arevalo which
coastline. ends at JBLFMU-Arevalo’s

143
docking and boating area. Zone Table 4.36 shows the
3, Sto Niño Sur, Arevalo is the sampling stations and their
last zone under the jurisdiction respective locations. Figure
of LGU-Iloilo City. Alegre, Oton is 4.117 shows the map of the
sampling stations.
the first coastal barangay of
Oton from Iloilo City.

Table 4. 36. Iloilo City Coastline Monitoring Stations

Station Official
Location Coordinates
No. Classification

1 Iloilo Fishing Port, Infante, Molo 10°41’22”N, 122°33’35”E SC

2 Mouth of Batiano River, Molo 10°41’13”N, 122°33’18”E SC

Boulevard Beach
3 10°41’07”N, 122°32’47”E SB
San Juan, Molo
Calumpang Beach
4 10°40’58”N, 122°32’30”E SB
Calumpang, Molo
Rac Rap Beach Resort
5 10°40’45”N, 122°31’29”E SB
Calaparan, Arevalo
Breakthrough
6 10°40’46”N, 122°30’58”E SB
Sto. Niño Norte, Arevalo
JBLFMU-Arevalo
7 10°40’46”N, 122°30’17”E SB
Sto. Niño Sur, Arevalo
Zone 3
8 10°40’53”N, 122°29’43”E SB
Sto. Niño Sur, Arevalo
Light House Church
9 10°41’17”N, 122°28’48”E SB
Alegre, Oton

144
Figure 4. 119. Annual Average Phosphate Results of Iloilo City
Coastline, CY 2021

Figure 4. 117. Map of Iloilo City Coastline Sampling Stations

For CY 2022, sampling tested. Generally, sampling

events were conducted monthly stations have compliant
at Iloilo City Coastline. Tables physicochemical parameters, but
4.37 to 4.38 show the annual fecal coliform count exceeded the
range and average of parameters maximum allowable value.

Table 4. 37. Annual Range and Average of in-situ parameters of

Iloilo City Coastline Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

Parameters
St
pH Temperature, °C DO, mg/L
n Location Class
No Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Ave WQG

Iloilo
Fishing
6.5- 27. 31. 29. 25-
1 Port, SC 6.0 8.0 7.2 5.4 10.2 7.6 5.0
8.5 0 0 5 31
Infante,
Molo

Mouth of
Batiano 6.5- 26. 31. 29. 25-
2 SC 6.0 8.0 7.2 2.0 10.0 7.6 5.0
River, 8.5 0 0 5 31
Molo

145
 Boulevard
Beach, 7.0- 27. 29.
3 San Juan, SB 6.0 8.0 7.2 31.0 26-30 6.2 10.3 7.9 6.0
8.5 0 8
Molo

Calumpan
g Beach, 7.0- 29. 30.
4 Calumpan SB 6.0 8.0 7.2 32.0
3
26-30 6.3 12.5 8.3 6.0
8.5 0
g, Molo

Rac Rap
Beach
7.0- 28. 30.
5 Resort, SB 6.0 8.0 7.2
8.5 0
32.0
0
26-30 5.5 11.7 8.1 6.0
Calaparan
, Molo

Breakthro
ugh, Sto.
7.0- 28. 29.
6 Niño SB 6.0 8.0 7.2
8.5 0
32.0
7
26-30 6.0 11.2 8.3 6.0
Norte,
Arevalo

JBLFMU-
Arevalo,
7.0- 28. 29.
7 Sto. Niño SB 6.0 8.0 7.2
8.5 0
33.0
7
26-30 6.4 12.6 8.6 6.0
Sur,
Arevalo

Zone 3,
Sto. Niño 7.0- 28. 29.
8 Sur, SB 6.0 8.0 7.2
8.5 0
33.0
8
26-30 5.9 11.2 8.1 6.0
Arevalo

Light
House
7.0- 27. 29.
9 Church, SB 6.0 8.0 7.2 33.0
2
26-30 6.0 13.2 8.6 6.0
Alegre, 8.5 0
Oton

Table 4. 38. Annual Range and Average of Phosphate, Fecal

Coliform and Oil and Grease of Iloilo City Coastline Monitoring
Stations, CY 2022

St Parameters
n Loca- Cla Fecal Coliform, MPN/100
PO4-P, mg P/L OG, mg/L
N tion ss mL
o Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Ave WQG

Iloilo
Fishing
0.01 0.09 0.03 1,70 11,85
1 Port, SC
2 0 9
0.2
0
92,000
3
200 <1.0 6.0 3.0 3.0
Infante,
Molo
Mouth of
Batiano 0.01 0.26 0.04
2 River,
SC
2 0 9
0.2 450 92,000 3,696 200 <1.0 1.0 0.7 3.0
Molo

Boulevard
Beach, 0.00 0.18 0.06 3,30 21,62
3 San Juan,
SB
8 3 8
0.2
0
92,000
4
100 1.0 4.0 2.7 2.0
Molo

Calumpan
g Beach, 0.00 0.14 0.04 160,00 13,82
4 Calumpan
SB
6 7 0
0.2 780
0 3
100 <1.0 1.0 0.7 2.0
g, Molo

146
 Rac Rap
Beach
0.00 0.09 0.03
5 Resort, SB
5 1 4
0.2 450 54,000 3,882 100 1.0 2.0 1.3 2.0
Calapa-
ran, Molo
Break-
through,
0.15 0.04
6 Sto. Niño SB ND
2 1
0.2 330 17,000 2,023 100 1.0 3.0 2.0 2.0
Norte,
Arevalo
JBLFMU-
Arevalo,
0.00 0.10 0.03 1,30 11.
7 Sto. Niño SB
8 9 8
0.2
0
35,000 4,393 100 <1.0
0
4.0 2.0
Sur,
Arevalo
Zone 3,
Sto. Niño 0.01 0.09 0.03 160,00 18.
8 Sur,
SB
0 0 3
0.2 330
0
5,360 100 <1.0
0
7.3 2.0
Arevalo
Light
House
0.00 0.23 0.04 2,30 29. 10.
9 Church, SB
5 1 9
0.2
0
54,000 6,309 100 1.0
0 7
2.0
Alegre,
Oton

Figure 4. 118. Annual Average DO Results of Iloilo City

Coastline, CY 2022

147
Figure 4. 119. DO Compliance Rating of Iloilo City Coastline, CY
2022

All sa mplin g stat ions dissolved oxygen. The lowest

complied with the water quality percentage compliance is 82% at
guidelines for dissolved oxygen. Mouth of Batiano River. The high
Highest compliant annual dissolved oxygen concentration
average value of 8.6 mg/L was can be attributed to strong tidal
recorded at JBLFMU-Arevalo movement. Sampling activities
(Class SB) and Lighthouse were conducted mostly during
Church (Class SB). Lowest high tide which increase the
annual average value of 7.6 mg/ amount of oxygen from the
L was recorded at Iloilo Fishing atmosphere to enter water. It is a
Port (Class SC) and Mouth of good indicator that the coastal
Batiano River (Class SC) but are area is suitable for fish
still compliant with the WQG. propagation.
Six (6) out of nine (9) sampling
stations showed 100%
compliance with the WQGV for

148
Figure 4. 120. DO Annual Comparative of Iloilo City Coastline,
CY 2019-2022

As illustrated in Figure 4.120,

dissolved oxygen levels shows
consistent improvement and
compliance with WQGVs at all
sampling stations.

149
Figure 4. 121. Annual Average Phosphate Results of Iloilo City
Coastline, CY 2022

Figure 4. 122. Phosphate Percentage Compliance Rating of Iloilo

City Coastline, CY 2022

Figures 4.121 and 4.122 compliance to the WQGV for

show that all sampling stations phosphate. Non-compliant
complied with the water quality phosphate concentration was
guideline for phosphate. The caused by domestic wastewater
highest average value obtained especially from laundry, kitchen,
is 0.068 mg/L at Boulevard and comfort room, discharging
Beach (Class SB). and 0.049 directly to the shoreline or thru a
mg/L at Mouth of Batiano River drainage canal leading to the
(Class SC). 6 out of 9 sampling sea.
stations showed 100%

150
Figure 4. 123. Phosphate Annual Comparative of Iloilo City
Coastline, CY 2021-2022

Figure 4.123 illustrates consistently complied with the

that phosphate concentration 0.2 mg P/L WQGV for Class SB
improved in CY 2022 and and Class SC.

Figure 4. 124. Annual Geomean Fecal Coliform Results of Iloilo

City Coastline, CY 2022

151
Figure 4. 125. Fecal Coliform Compliance Rating of Iloilo City
Coastline, CY 2022

All sampling stations failed port and wastewater from

to comply with the water quality drainage canal were the
guidelines. The highest non- contributors to the high fecal
compliant value obtained for coliform. During sampling
class SB is 21,624 MPN/100mL activities, human and dog
at Boulevard Beach and for class manures were scattered in some
SC is 11,853 MPN/100mL at of the areas within of the fish
Iloilo Fishing Port. Percentage port. Foul odor was also
compliance for fecal coliform also observed near the sampling area.
shows that there is no sampling There was a drainage outfall
station compliant with the located along the Iloilo Fishing
WQGV for fecal coliform at any Port which discharges
given sampling activity wastewater from establishment
conducted. The high fecal within the port areas.
concentration in the Boulevard
Beach is caused by the drainage
outfall situated near the
sampling station. Wastewater
from the houses in the area was
discharged in the drainage canal
which discharges in the outfall
near the sampling station.
Garbage was also piled in the
coast, and some were trapped in
the drainage canal. In Iloilo
Fishing Port, run-off from the

152
Figure 4. 126. Fecal Coliform Annual Comparative of Iloilo City
Coastline, CY 2019-2022

The concentration of fecal population in the area due to

coliform showed a decrease from travel restrictions. In 2022, fecal
2019 to 2020, but during the coliform concentration decreased
pandemic period from 2020 to but still exceeded the WQGV.
2021, there was a rise in its
concentration. This could be
attributed to the rise in the

153
Figure 4. 127. Annual Average Oil and Grease Results of Iloilo
City Coastline, CY 2022

Figure 4. 128. Oil and Grease Compliance Rating of Iloilo City

Coastline, CY 2022

Five (5) out of 9 sampling high oil and grease concentration

stations complied with the at Lighthouse Church is due to
WQGV for phosphate. The wastewater from the nearby
highest concentration obtained residential area being discharged
is 10.7 mg/L at Lighthouse directly into the coast without
Church (Class SB) and 3.0 mg/L proper treatment. An improvised
at Iloilo Fishing Port (Class SC). d r a i n a g e c a n a l , ca r r y i n g
3 out of the 9 sampling stations wastewater from households,
showed 100% compliance to was seen leading to the beach.
WQGV for oil and grease. The Houses lack grease traps, and

154
their kitchen wastes were not have similar hydrological,
processed in a treatment facility hydrogeological, meteorological,
like a septic tank. Some even or geographical conditions which
have pipes directly connected to affect the physico-chemical,
the drainage canal. Presence of biological and bacteriological
pump boats and motorboats reactions and diffusion of
docked and anchored in the area pollutants in the water bodies or
also contribute to the oil and otherwise share a common
grease concentration. interest or such as similar
development programs, prospect
At the Iloilo Fishing Port, oil
or problems.
and grease come from sources
such as motor oil and fuels from Monitoring of water quality
boats arriving and departing the aims to determine time trends,
port. During sampling, an oil evaluate stages of deterioration,
sheen was seen on the water and iden t if y sp ec if ic pro bl em
road, likely due to leaks from pollutants and sources, and as
vehicles parked in the port. basis for decision-making, policy
formulation and identification of
management strategies in
Water Quality Management preventing, controlling or abating
Area (WQMA) water pollution.

EMB R6 monitors four (4)

Water Quality Management
inland surface waters and one
Areas (WQMAs) are designated
(1) coastal water which are
as part of the water quality within WQMAs presented in
management system as provided
Table 4.40.
in the Clean Water Act (RA
9275). WQMA are areas that

Table 4. 39. Waterbodies within WQMAs in Region 6

Water Body WQMA

Jaro-Tigum-Aganan River Tigum-Aganan Watershed (TAW)
WQMA
Iloilo River
Iloilo-Batiano River System (IBRS)
Batiano River WQMA

Jalaur River Jalaur River System (JRS) WQMA

Boracay Island Coastal Water Boracay Island Water Quality

Management and Conservation Area
(BIWQMACA)

155
Jaro-Tigum-Aganan River Iloilo being maintained by Metro
Iloilo Water District (MIWD) are
primarily parts of this river
system. This drainage basin
serves several irrigation
requirements on top of the
volume of water that goes into
the water system of MIWD daily.
Tigum River’s water supply and
its natural flow have been
fragmented by the dam and by
some man-made diversions for
irrigation purposes.
Figure 4. 129. Jaro-Tigum-
The uppermost stream,
Aganan River
being the source of drinking
water, has been officially
Tigum River originates classified as Class A (Maasin
from Mt. Inaman located at the Dam) while the rest of the
Iloilo-Antique border and midstream down to its mouth
traverses the Municipalities of has been officially classified
Maasin, Cabatuan and Sta. Class C. Discharges from
Barbara. On the other hand, piggeries, poultry dressing
Aganan River traverses the plants, paper mills, domestic
Municipalities of Leon, wastes from urban centers where
Alimodian, San Miguel, part of it traverses, and agricultural run
Sta. Barbara, and finally joins -off from nearby agricultural
Jaro River in Brgy. Ungka, Pavia. fields reach the river system and
affect its water quality.
Collectively, Jaro-Tigum
River is the principal river The river system is also a
channel, while Aganan River source of irrigation water to
serves as its major tributary. The about 2,500 hectares of rice
former has an approximate fields where irrigation system is
length of 35 km from its source, being managed by National
down to its mouth at Brgy. Irrigation Administration (NIA).
Hinactacan, Lapaz, Iloilo City Jaro-Tigum-Aganan River is one
while the latter has an of the designated pilot areas in
approximate length of 20 km the country for WQMA.
from its source down to its
confluence with Jaro-Tigum EMB Region 6 has
River in Pavia, Iloilo. established eight (8) monitoring
stations wherein three (3)
Primarily, Tigum River is stations are within the Aganan
the main source of water supply River and the rest are within the
of Iloilo City for its domestic, Jaro-Tigum River. Table 4.41
commercial, and industrial below shows the geographic
needs. The dam at Brgy. Daja locations and classification of
Maasin, Iloilo and the pumping each monitoring station and
station at Brgy. Ungka Pavia Figure 4.130 below shows the
map of the sampling stations.

156
Table 4. 40. Jaro-Tigum-Aganan River Monitoring Stations

St
n
Location River Coordinates Class
No
.

Ticud Bridge 10° 42’ 55.4” N

1 Jaro-Tigum C
Lapaz, Iloilo City 122° 34’ 52.5” E
Ungka Jaro Bridge 10° 44’ 4.9” N
2 Jaro-Tigum C
Jaro, Iloilo City 122° 32’ 56.7” E
Pavia Bridge 10° 46’ 16.9” N
3 Aganan C
Pavia, Iloilo 122° 32’ 10.3” E
Sta Barbara Bridge 10° 49’ 47.8” N
4 Jaro-Tigum C
Sta. Barbara, Iloilo 122° 32’ 21.4” E
Cabatuan Bridge 10° 51’ 46.2” N
5 Jaro-Tigum C
Cabatuan, Iloilo 122° 29’ 57.0” E
Maasin Dam 10° 53’ 53.6” N
6 Jaro-Tigum A
Maasin, Iloilo 122° 24’ 35.4” E
San Miguel Dam 10° 46’ 46.8” N
7 Aganan C
San Miguel, Iloilo 122° 27’ 4.4” E
Alimodian Bridge 10° 48’ 52.3” N
8 Aganan C
Alimodian, Iloilo 122° 26’1.8” E

Figure 4. 130. Map of Jaro-Tigum-Aganan River Sampling

Stations

157
 For CY 2022, twelve (12) parameters, BOD and color of all
sampling events were conducted sampling stations are compliant
at Jaro-Tigum-Aganan River. with the WQGV. TSS, Phosphate
Tables 4.39 to 4.41 below show and Fecal coliform count
the annual range and average of exceeded the maximum
parameters tested. All in-situ acceptable limits.

Table 4. 41. Annual Range and Average of in-situ parameters of

Jaro-Tigum-Aganan River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

Parameters
St Locatio pH Temperature, °C DO, mg/L
Class
n n
Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Ave WQG

Ticud
Bridge
6.5- 26.
1 C 7.0 8.0 7.1 33.0 30.0 25-31 2.5 7.9 5.1 5.0
9.0 0
Lapaz,
Iloilo City

Ungka
Jaro
6.5- 26.
2 Bridge C 7.0 8.0 7.1 33.0 29.4 25-31 4.1 8.1 6.2 5.0
Jaro, 9.0 0
Iloilo City

Pavia
Bridge 6.5- 25.
3 Pavia,
C 7.0 8.0 7.1
9.0 0
32.0 29.5 25-31 4.5 8.6 7.2 5.0
Iloilo

Sta
Barbara
Bridge 6.5- 26.
4 Sta.
C 7.0 8.0 7.1 32.0 28.8 25-31 7.0 10.0 8.5 5.0
9.0 0
Barbara,
Iloilo

Cabatuan
Bridge 6.5- 25.
5 Cabatuan
C 7.0 8.0 7.1
9.0 0
33.0 29.1 25-31 5.3 11.0 9.1 5.0
, Iloilo

Maasin
Dam 6.5- 24.
6 Maasin,
A 7.0 8.0 7.1
8.5 0
30.0 26.8 26-30 6.4 11.0 9.1 5.0
Iloilo

San
Miguel
Dam 6.5- 26.
7 San
C 7.0 8.0 7.3 28.0 27.0 25-31 6.6 9.8 7.8 5.0
9.0 0
Miguel,
Iloilo

Alimodian
Bridge 6.5- 24.
8 Alimodian
C 7.0 7.0 7.0
9.0
29.0 27.1 25-31 7.0 11.0 8.6 5.0
0
, Iloilo

158
Table 4. 42. Annual Range and Average of BOD, TSS and Color of
Jaro-Tigum-Aganan River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

St Parameters
n Locatio BOD, mg/L TSS, mg/L Color, TCU
Class
N n WQ
Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Ave
o. G

Ticud
Bridge
10. 125 239. 20. 12.
1 C 2.0 4.8 7.0 6.0 80 5.0 75.0
0 3.0 2 0 5
Lapaz,
Iloilo City

Ungka
Jaro
13. 102 261. 25. 12.
2 Bridge C 2.0 6.0 3.6 7.0 80 5.0 75.0
Jaro, 0 5.0 6 0 5
Iloilo City

Pavia
Bridge 21. 658. 163. <5. 20. 12.
3 Pavia, C 2.0 8.0 3.7 7.0 80 75.0
0 0 6 0 0 5
Iloilo

Sta
Barbara
Bridge 480. 105. 20. 10.
4 Sta.
C 1.0 7.0 2.9 7.0 9.0 80 5.0 75.0
0 7 0 0
Barbara,
Iloilo

Cabatua
n Bridge 150 253. <5. 20.
5 Cabatua C 1.0 4.0 2.1 7.0 6.0 80 8.8 75.0
8.0 6 0 0
n, Iloilo

Maasin
Dam 559. 108. <5. 15.
6 Maasin, A 1.0 5.0 2.1 3.0 3.0 50 6.3 50.0
0 1 0 0
Iloilo
San
Miguel
Dam 488. 132. <5. 20.
7 San
C 1.0 5.0 2.2 7.0 9.0 80 7.5 75.0
0 3 0 0
Miguel,
Iloilo

Alimodia
n Bridge 454 525. <5. 20.
8 Alimodia C 1.0 5.0 2.1 7.0 6.0 80 8.8 75.0
0.0 8 0 0
n, Iloilo

159
Table 4. 43. Annual Range and Average of Phosphate and Fecal
Coliform of Jaro-Tigum-Aganan River Monitoring Stations, CY
2022

St Parameters
n Locatio
Class Phosphate, mg P/L Fecal Coliform, MPN/100 mL
No n
. Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Geomean WQG

Ticud
Bridge
0.02
1 C 0.189 0.530 0.326 33,000 540,000 125,868 200.0
5
Lapaz,
Iloilo City
Ungka
Jaro
0.02 1,600,00
2 Bridge C 0.101 1.869 0.408 24,000 64,695 200.0
Jaro, 5 0
Iloilo City
Pavia
Bridge 0.02
3 Pavia, C 0.054 0.415 0.250 3,300 240,000 35,956 200.0
5
Iloilo
Sta
Barbara
Bridge 0.02
4 Sta.
C 0.019 0.424 0.132 3,200 92,000 29,590 200.0
5
Barbara,
Iloilo
Cabatuan
Bridge 0.02
5 Cabatuan C ND 0.474 0.157 7,900 540,000 30,407 200.0
5
, Iloilo
Maasin
Dam 0.02
6 Maasin, A ND 0.315 0.069 1,700 92,000 9,839 50.0
5
Iloilo
San
Miguel
Dam 0.02
7 San
C 0.012 0.347 0.133 4,900 130,000 30,296 200.0
5
Miguel,
Iloilo
Alimodian
Bridge 0.02
8 Alimodian C 0.006 3.179 0.416 6,800 540,000 49,920 200.0
5
, Iloilo

160
Figure 4. 131. Annual Average DO of Jaro-Tigum-Aganan River,
CY 2022

Figure 4. 132. DO Compliance Rating of Jaro-Tigum-Aganan

River, CY 2022

Figure 4.131 shows that Jaro Bridge) and Station 3 (Pavia

all sampling stations are Bridge) recorded DO non-
compliant with the 5.0 mg/L compliances. All other sampling
Water Quality Guideline Value stations generated 100 percent
(WQGV) for Class A and Class C. compliance. It was noted that
It was observed that DO non-compliant stations are
concentration gradually located in urban and highly
decreases going downstream and populated areas. The overall
Station 1 (Ticud Bridge) recorded compliance rating of Jaro-Tigum-
the lowest but still compliant DO Aganan River is 91 percent.
value of 5.1 mg/L. As shown in
Figure 4.132, only Station 1
(Ticud Bridge), Station 2 (Ungka-

161
Figure 4. 133. DO Annual Comparative Results of Jaro-Tigum-
Aganan River, CY 2017-2022

Comparison of CY 2017 to at Station 1 especially during

CY 2022 average DO results summer which affects dissolved
shows that dissolved oxygen is oxygen concentration. It was also
consistently compliant with the noted that DO concentration
water quality guideline. Only improved this year compared
Station 1 (Ticud Bridge) with results obtained in CY
generated a non-compliant result 2020.
in 2019. Non-compliance could
be attributed to low water level

Figure 4. 134. Annual Average BOD of Jaro-Tigum-Aganan River,

CY 2022
162
Figure 4. 135. BOD Compliance Rating of Jaro-Tigum-Aganan
River, CY 2022

Figure 4.134 displays the In Figure 4.135, it can be

concentration of BOD in Jaro observed that five (5) out of 8
Tigum-Aganan River, where all sampling stations achieved 100
the sampling stations satisfied p e r c e n t c o m p l i a n c e . Th e
the WQGV of 3 mg/L and 7 mg/ compliance ratings of the
L for Class A and Class C, sampling stations ranged from
respectively. It was noticed that 83 percent to 100 percent. The
BOD levels increased in the overall compliance rating of Jaro
downstream direction, and the -Tigum-Aganan River for BOD is
lowermost station, Station 1 96 percent.
(Ticud Bridge), recorded the
highest annual average BOD
value of 4.8 mg/L.

163
Figure 4. 136. BOD Annual Comparative Results of Jaro-Tigum-
Aganan River, CY 2017-2022

Figure 4.136 shows that consistently met the WQGV for

all sampling stations BOD within the 5-year period.

Figure 4. 137. Annual Average TSS of Jaro-Tigum-Aganan River,

CY 2022

164
Figure 4. 138. TSS Compliance Rating of Jaro-Tigum-Aganan
River, CY 2022

Figure 4.137 illustrates percent. The high TSS

that all the sampling stations concentration in the river system
exceeded the WQGV of 50.0 mg/ is attributed to anthropogenic
L and 80.0 mg/L for Class A and activities such as quarrying,
Class C water bodies, construction, run-off, and
respectively. The second erosion.
semester recorded higher TSS
values, which could be due to Figure 4.138 shows that the
the rainy season. Maasin Dam, compliance ratings of the
the only Class A station, also sampling stations ranged from
failed to comply with the WQGV 33 percent to 75 percent. The
and recorded an average TSS overall percentage compliance
concentration of 108.1 mg/L, rating for TSS is at 56 percent.
exceeding the WQGV by 116.2

165
Figure 4. 139. TSS Annual Comparative Results of Jaro-Tigum-
Aganan River, CY 2017-2022

Comparison of TSS results observed in CY 2022 except for

for CY 2017-2022 shows Station 8 (Alimodian Bridge)
fluctuating results. Generally, which increased in
TSS results exceeded the WQGV. concentration. High TSS at the
CY 2021 annual average TSS river system is attributed to
results are higher than those quarrying activities, erosion and
obtained in CY 2020. However, silt from agricultural and surface
improvement in TSS level was runoff.

Figure 4. 140. Annual Average Phosphate of Jaro-Tigum-Aganan

River, CY 2022

166
Figure 4. 141. Phosphate Compliance Rating of Jaro-Tigum-
Aganan River, CY 2022

Figure 4.141 displays the pollution. Phosphates occur

average phosphates results for naturally and can dissolve out of
Jaro-Tigum-Aganan during CY rock, but they are also mined
2022, indicating that all and synthesized into chemical
sampling stations did not meet fertilizers to facilitate crop
the maximum allowable value of growth. Crops feed farm animals,
0.025 mg/L. Furthermore, the and their excrement is rich in
concentration of phosphates was phosphates. Applying excessive
found to increase gradually as amounts of chemical fertilizers to
water flowed downstream. soil already saturated with
phosphates and spreading an
excessive amount of manure on
Figure 4.142 reveals that
land during heavy rainfall can
Station 1 (Ticud Bridge), Station
cause phosphates to run off and
2 (Ungka-Jaro Bridge), and
pollute nearby water sources.
Station 3 (Pavia Bridge) reported
zero compliance with the
maximum allowable value for
phosphates. These stations are
located in an urban area where
sources of phosphate
contamination include domestic
waste, detergents, commercial
waste, and run-off.

The use of fertilizers

containing phosphates in
agriculture is a major
contributor to surface water

167
Figure 4. 142.Phosphate Annual Comparative Results of Jaro-
Tigum-Aganan River, CY 2017-2022

Figure 4.143 shows that concentration are still non-

annual average phosphate compliant with the WQGV.

Figure 4. 143. Annual Geomean Fecal Coliform Count of Jaro-

Tigum-Aganan River, CY 2022

168
Figure 4. 144. Fecal Coliform Compliance Rating of Jaro-Tigum-
Aganan River, CY 2022

Figure 4.144 illustrates treatment equipment, or in

that all sampling stations in leachate from failing septic
Jaro-Tigum-Aganan River systems.
exceeded the 200 MPN/100
mL WQGV for Class C and 50
MPN/100 mL for Class A Figure 4.145 presents that
water bodies. Fecal coliform all sampling stations recorded
count follows a similar trend zero percent compliance, and the
with physico-chemical overall compliance rating of the
parameters, wherein the count water body is significantly low at
increases as water flows zero percent.
downstream. The highest fecal
coliform count of 125,868
MPN/100 mL was observed in
Station 1 (Ticud Bridge),
which is the lowermost
station. The presence of
backyard piggeries and
informal settlers whose
wastewater discharges directly
to the water body contribute to
the high fecal coliform count.
Other sources of bacteria
include point sources such as
leaking sewers or
malfunctioning wastewater

169
Figure 4. 145. Fecal Coliform Annual Comparative Results of
Jaro-Tigum-Aganan River, CY 2017-2022

As shown in Figure Iloilo River is not actually

4.146, comparison of annual a river but an arm of the sea. It
results illustrates continuous continues to be an extremely
increase in fecal coliform count important inland waterway for
over time, reaching its highest commerce and industry in the
point in CY 2020-2021, region. Through the river,
oceangoing vessels can reach
followed by a significant
the far inland part of the City.
improvement in CY 2022.
It also serves as a waterway for
cargo vessels, a scenic point of
interest for tourism, and a great
Iloilo River transportation network through
the heart of some of the most
densely populated and
economically important areas
and commercial center in Iloilo
City.

Iloilo River has an

approximate length of about ten
(10) kilometers from its mouth
in Parola up to its upper reach
in Brgy. So-oc, Arevalo, Iloilo
City. The river has no
watershed of its own, but the
Figure 4. 146. Iloilo River bulk of its water is sourced

170
mainly from the three (3) major areas, fuel depots and other
tributaries, namely: Calajunan establishments. Solid wastes
Creek, Dungon Creek, and from upstream, ocean vessels,
Mambog Creek. The river is and the like find their way to the
sourced from run-offs from the river system. During high tide,
nearby agricultural lands as the river is vulnerable to the
well as inundation of sea water intrusion of wastes carried by
from Iloilo Strait. It also serves the ocean current.
as the main drainage system,
with the tributaries being EMB R6 has established
capable of substantially 12 water quality monitoring
affecting its water quality. stations, 6 of which are situated
in the three major tributaries of
Iloilo River itself is a Iloilo River to assess its
recipient of oil slicks from pollution contribution to the
oceangoing vessels, domestic main water body. Table 4.45
wastes from malls, hotels, shows the location and official
restaurants and residential water classification of water
areas along its embankment, monitoring station of Iloilo River.
slaughterhouses, food Figure 4.148 shows the map of
processing plants, fishpond the sampling stations.

Table 4. 44. Iloilo River Monitoring Stations

St
n River/
Location Coordinates Class
No Tributary
.
1 Parola-MuelleLoney Iloilo River 10°41’38” N 122°34’54” E C
2 Quirino Bridge Iloilo River 10°42’7” N 122°34’13” E C
3 Forbes Bridge Iloilo River 10°42’20” N 122°34’3” E C
Benigno Aquino
4 Iloilo River 10°42’7” N 122°33’12” E C
Bridge
5 Carpenters Bridge Iloilo River 10°42’0” N 122°32’33” E C
6 Sooc Bridge Iloilo River 10°41’33” N 122°31’4” E C
Mouth of Dungon
7 Dungon Creek 10°42’9” N 122°33’14” E C
Creek
8 Dungon Bridge V Dungon Creek 10°43’26” N 122°32’57” E C
Calajunan Creek,
Calajunan
9 Downstream Cala- 10°42’29” N 122°31’10” E C
Creek
junan Dumpsite
Calajunan Creek,
Calajunan
10 Downstream of In- 10°44’50” N 122°30’39” E C
Creek
dustries
Calajunan Creek, Calajunan
11 10°45’21” N 122°29’54” E C
Upstream Creek
Mambog Dam,
12 Mambog Creek 10°43’43” N 122°29’3” E C
Mambog Creek

171
 Figure 4. 147. Map of Iloilo River Sampling Stations

For CY 2022, twelve (12) color and TSS but exhibited non
sampling events were -compliant DO and BOD
conducted at Iloilo River. Tables specifically at tributaries.
4.46 to 4.48 below show the Phosphate and Fecal coliform
annual range and average of exceeded the maximum
parameters tested. Generally, acceptable level in all
sampling stations are compliant monitoring stations.
in terms of pH, temperature,

Table 4. 45.Annual Range and Average of in-situ parameters of

Iloilo River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

Parameters
St
Loca- pH Temperature, °C DO, mg/L
n Class
tion
No
Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Ave WQG

Parola-
6.5- 27. 29.
1 Muelle C 6.0 7.0 6.4
9.0 0
31.0
2
25-31 3.6 8.7 6.1 5.0
Loney
Quirino 6.5- 27. 29.
2 C 6.0 7.0 6.6
9.0 0
32.0
9
25-31 2.1 7.9 4.5 5.0
Bridge

172
 Forbes 6.5- 27.
3 Bridge
C 6.0 7.0 6.6
9.0 0
32.0 29.7 25-31 2.5 7.5 4.5 5.0

Benigno
6.5- 26.
4 Aquino C 6.0 7.0 6.6
9.0 0
32.0 29.8 25-31 1.0 4.5 2.8 5.0
Bridge
Carpen-
6.5- 26.
5 ters C 6.0 7.0 6.6
9.0 0
32.0 29.4 25-31 2.4 7.2 3.9 5.0
Bridge
Sooc 6.5- 25.
6 Bridge
C 6.0 7.0 6.6
9.0 0
31.0 29.2 25-31 2.0 5.5 3.6 5.0

Mouth of
6.5- 26.
7 Dungon C 6.0 7.0 6.6
9.0 0
32.0 29.7 25-31 0.0 4.9 2.2 5.0
Creek
Dungon 6.5- 26.
8 Bridge V
C 6.0 7.0 6.6
9.0 0
31.0 29.1 25-31 1.9 4.2 3.4 5.0
Cala-
junan
Creek, 6.5- 25.
9 Down-
C 6.0 7.0 6.6
9.0 0
32.0 29.0 25-31 0.0 4.1 2.8 5.0
stream
Dumpsite
Cala-
junan
Creek, 6.5- 26.
10 Down-
C 6.0 7.0 6.6
9.0 0
30.0 28.1 25-31 0.0 2.7 1.1 5.0
stream of
Industries

Cala-
junan 6.5- 26.
11 Creek,
C 6.0 7.0 6.4
9.0 0
30.0 27.7 25-31 2.2 7.5 4.9 5.0
Upstream

Mambog
Dam, 6.5- 25.
12 Mambog
C 6.0 7.0 6.8
9.0 0
29.0 27.5 25-31 1.7 12.5 5.9 5.0
Creek

Table 4. 46. Annual Range and Average of BOD, TSS and Color of
Iloilo River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

Parameters
St
n Locatio BOD, mg/L TSS, mg/L Color, TCU
Class
N n
o. WQ
Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Ave
G

Parola-
<1. <5. 15. 75.
1 Muelle C 7.0 2.3 7.0 6.0 60.0 22.3 80 5.8
0 0 0 0
Loney
Quirino <5. 20. 10. 75.
2 C 1.0 9.0 3.8 7.0 4.0 97.0 27.5 80
Bridge 0 0 4 0
Forbes 25. 13. 75.
3 C 2.0 8.0 3.8 7.0 6.0 98.0 31.3 80 5.0
Bridge 0 3 0
Benigno
27. 10. 30. 17. 75.
4 Aquino C 2.0 6.3 7.0 8.0 73.0 32.8 80
0 0 0 1 0
Bridge
Carpent
<2. 10. 30. 18. 75.
5 ers C 6.0 3.0 7.0 4.0 51.0 27.3 80
0 0 0 8 0
Bridge
Sooc 15. 30. 24. 75.
6 C 1.0 7.0 3.9 7.0 5.0 56.0 19.8 80
Bridge 0 0 6 0

173
 Mouth of
<1. 10. 10. 30. 19.
7 Dungon C
0
20.0 7.8 7.0
0
28.0 16.5 80
0 0 2
75.0
Creek
Dungon 30. 19.
8 Bridge V
C 2.0 17.0 9.9 7.0 5.0 41.0 13.6 80 5.0
0 6
75.0

Cala-
junan
Creek, <1. 10. 20. 60. 34.
9 Down-
C
0
60.0
5
7.0 5.0 68.0 21.3 80
0 0 6
75.0
stream
Dumpsite
Cala-
junan
Creek,
175. 50. 15. 50. 27.
10 Down- C 5.0
0 5
7.0 7.0 137.0 30.3 80
0 0 9
75.0
stream of
Indus-
tries
Cala-
junan
15. 10. 25. 18.
11 Creek, C 2.0 12.0 4.6 7.0
0
126.0 45.0 80
0 0 3
75.0
Up-
stream
Mambog
Dam, <1. 10. 25. 17.
12 Mambog
C
0
5.0 2.4 7.0 5.0 72.0 20.1 80
0 0 5
75.0
Creek

Table 4. 47.Annual Range and Average of Phosphate and Fecal

Coliform of Iloilo River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

Parameters
St
n Loca- Clas Phosphate, mg/L Fecal Coliform, MPN/100 mL
No tion s
. Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Geomean WQG

Parola-
0.02
1 Muelle C 0.010 0.232 0.103 1,700 160,000 10,887 200.0
5
Loney
Quirino 0.02
2 C 0.060 0.411 0.256 3,300 92,000 33,380 200.0
Bridge 5
Forbes 0.02
3 C 0.100 0.435 0.292 4,500 160,000 34,533 200.0
Bridge 5
Benigno
0.02 9,200,00
4 Aquino C 0.127 1.379 0.470 2,300 85,528 200.0
5 0
Bridge
Carpen-
0.02
5 ters C 0.206 0.500 0.380 2,300 54,000 8,345 200.0
5
Bridge
Sooc 0.02
6 C 0.322 0.990 0.576 3,300 330,000 18,293 200.0
Bridge 5
Mouth of
0.02 9,200,00
7 Dungon C 0.327 1.122 0.621 9,300 326,232 200.0
5 0
Creek
Dungon 0.02 9,200,00
8 C 0.297 1.930 1.087 23,000 360,412 200.0
Bridge V 5 0

174
 Calajunan
Creek,
9 Down- C 0.370 1.924 0.972 0.025 4,500 2,400,000 113,553 200.0
stream
Dumpsite
Calajunan
Creek,
16,000,00
10 Down- C 0.243 2.051 0.820 0.025 49,000
0
748,060 200.0
stream of
Industries
Calajunan
11 Creek, C 0.199 1.993 0.572 0.025 4,900 5,400,000 370,305 200.0
Upstream
Mambog
Dam,
12 Mambog
C 0.180 1.376 0.569 0.025 4,500 160,000 21,482 200.0
Creek

Figure 4. 148. Annual Average DO of Iloilo River, CY 2022

175
Figure 4. 149. DO Compliance Rating of Iloilo River Monitoring
Stations, CY 2022

Figure 4.149 shows that 2 (Mouth of Dungon Creek), a

out 12 sampling stations passed major tributary to Iloilo River.
the Water Quality Guideline Stations along Dungon Creek
Value for DO for Class “C” which and Calajunan Creek generated
is 5 mg/L. The lowest non- the lowest compliance rating of
compliant value obtained was zero percent except Station 11
1.1 mg/L in Station 10 (Calajunan Creek Upstream).
(Calajunan Creek Downstream of The overall compliance rating of
Industries). Low DO Iloilo River is 26 percent.
concentration is possibly caused
by the discharges from
industries and from residents
nearby which contain organic
waste. These organic wastes are
consumed by bacteria and in
turn, the bacteria consume
dissolved oxygen which leads to
a decrease in DO concentration.
Another factor attributed to the
low DO concentration is the low
water level.

As shown in Figure 4.150,

all sampling stations recorded
non-compliant results. Station 1
(Parola Muelle Loney) recorded
the highest compliance of 83
percent. Five stations yielded a
zero percent compliance rating.
Station 4 (Benigno-Aquino
Bridge) is located near Station 7

176
Figure 4. 150. DO Annual Comparative Results of Iloilo River, CY
2017-2022

Only Station 1 (Parola) Downstream of industries) have

and Station 12 (Mambog) relatively low DO compared with
consistently complied with the other stations. Both stations are
WQGV from CY 2017-2022. catchment area of wastewater
Monitoring stations showed being discharged to the
erratic results but it was tributaries. Figure 4.151 also
observed from the graph that shows that CY 2022 results
Station 8 (Dungon Bridge V) decreased compared with
and Station 10 (Calajunan previous year.

Figure 4. 151. Annual Average BOD of Iloilo River, CY 2022

177
Figure 4. 152. BOD Compliance Rating of Iloilo River, CY 2022

Figure 4.152 shows that was 8 percent in Station 10

8 out of 12 sampling stations (Calajunan Creek Downstream
passed the Water Quality of Industries). Most of the non-
Guideline Value for BOD for compliances were from the
Class “C” which is 7 mg/L. The tributaries and not from the
highest non-compliant average main stretch of the Iloilo River.
value obtained was 50.5 mg/L The overall compliance rating of
from Calajunan Creek the waterbody is 78 percent.
Downstream of Industries. The
sampling area is located
downstream of several
industries (beverage plant,
coconut oil mill, and poultry).
There is an increase in the
energy required by
microorganisms to decompose
organic matter since its
presence is abundant due to
the bulk of discharges from
establishments and residents
along the creek.

Figure 4.153 shows that

four (4) out of 12 sampling
stations yielded a 100 percent
compliance rating. The lowest
compliance rating recorded

178
Figure 4. 153. BOD Annual Comparative Results of Iloilo River,

Figure 4.154 shows that backyard piggeries, residential,

eight (8) out of 12 sampling commercial and industrial
stations were consistently establishments that directly or
compliant from CY 2017-2022 indirectly discharge wastewater
while four (4) were consistently to the water bodies. The highest
non-compliant. Non-compliant BOD average recorded was in
stations are within Dungon Station 10 (Calajunan Creek
Creek and Calajunan creek Downstream of Industries).
which are the main tributaries Other stations showed
of Iloilo River. Sources of fluctuating results but still
pollution at these areas include within the acceptable limit.

179
Figure 4. 154. Annual Average TSS of Iloilo River, CY 2022

Figure 4. 155. TSS Compliance Rating of Iloilo River, CY 2022

Figure 4.155 shows that attributed to the presence of a

all sampling stations passed the Sand & Gravel Classifying plant
Water Quality Guideline Value in the vicinity. Additionally, the
for TSS for Class “C” which is shallow water and narrow width
80 mg/L. The highest but still of the waterbody could cause an
co mplian t a vera ge va lu e increase in TSS concentration
obtained was 45 mg/L at due to the ease with which
Station 11 (Calajunan Creek deposits can be disturbed.
Upstream). The high
concentration of TSS may be

180
 As shown in Figure 4.156, compliance resulting to a high
eight (8) out of 12 stations have overall TSS compliance rating of
100 percent compliance with 97 percent.
the WQGV. Other sampling
stations generated 92 percent

Figure 4. 156. TSS Annual Comparative Results of Iloilo River,

CY 2017-2022

Figure 4.157 illustrates the 5- sampling stations yielded a

year annual comparative decrease in TSS concentration
average results for TSS from CY from CY 2021 to CY 2022 except
2017-2022. Ten (10) sampling Station 2 (Quirino Bridge) and
stations were consistently Station 4 (Benigno Aquino
compliant while two (2) stations Bridge).
showed erratic results. All

181
Figure 4. 157. Annual Average Phosphate of Iloilo River, CY 2022

Figure 4. 158. Phosphate Compliance Rating of Iloilo River, CY

2022

All sampling stations outfall was observed during

failed to meet the Water Quality sampling events to exhibit
Guideline Value for Phosphate excessive foaming.
as Phosphorous for Class “C”
which is 0.025 mg P/L. The
highest non-compliant average Figure 4.159 shows that 11
value obtained was 1.087 mg out of 12 stations have a
P/L in Dungon Bridge V. The compliance rating of zero
high phosphate concentration percent which means that
on the sampling station is results of all samples from the
caused by the abundant area exceeded the maximum
discharge of wastewater from allowable value. The overall
establishments through the compliance rating for Iloilo River
outfall near the sampling site. and its tributaries is extremely
The discharge from the said low at 3 percent.

182
Figure 4. 159. Phosphate Annual Comparative Results of Iloilo
River, CY 2021-2022

In Figure 4.160, it is Creek Downstream Calajunan

shown that the average results Dumpsite) had an increase in
from all sampling stations phosphate concentration from CY
exceeded the WQGV. Tributaries 2021 to CY 2022, while the other
had high phosphate three stations showed
concentrations. Station 1 improvement.
(Parola) to Station 9 (Calajunan

Figure 4. 160. Annual Geomean Fecal Coliform Count of Iloilo

River, CY 2022

183
Figure 4. 161. Fecal Coliform Compliance Rating of Iloilo River,
CY 2022

All sampling stations result, an increase in the Fecal

significantly exceeded the Coliform count could be due to
Water Quality Guideline Value this factor. Additionally, the
for fecal coliform for Class “C” high Fecal Coliform count may
which is 200 MPN/100mL. The also be linked to backyard
highest non-compliant value piggeries with inadequate waste
obtained was 748,060 treatment. In Figure 4.162, it is
MPN/100 mL in Calajunan shown that all sampling
Creek, Downstream of stations generated zero
Industries. Many residents compliance ratings and
were situated near the consequently, overall
sampling site. Most residents compliance of the waterbody is
possibly do not have proper extremely low at zero percent.
septage management. As a

184
Figure 4. 162. Fecal Coliform Count Annual Comparative
Results of Iloilo River, CY 2017-2022

Comparison of the five- Batiano River

year annual results show that
fecal coliform count slightly
decreased from CY 2021 to CY
2022. The highest values
obtained were from Station 7
to Station 10. The lowest
average values obtained were
in Station 1(Parola Muelle-
Loney). Rise in fecal coliform
count could be attributed to
increasing domestic waste
discharges from the growing
population along the water
body.

Figure 4. 163. Batiano River

Batiano River is a waterway that

originates from Brgy. Sta. Clara,
traversing towns of Oton, Iloilo

185
down to Brgy. Villa Alegre. It abundantly along its banks,
passes the districts of Arevalo w h i ch are do t t e d with
and Molo which then empties dwellings, commercial
into the Iloilo Strait. establishments, and backyard
Agricultural run-offs and water piggeries. Its main usage is for
from the canals and small farming and fishing. However,
creeks serve as the river’s the river also receives domestic
tributaries. wastes from residential and
commercial establishments
located along its banks.
Batiano River is
approximately 17.5 km in EMB R6 currently
length and has a muddy bed. monitors seven (7) stations as
Characterized by its moderate listed in Table 4.49 below
sloping, it is tide affected from wherein Station 7 was added as
its point of discharge in requested by the municipality
Boulevard, Molo up to its last of Oton and is already a
station in Poblacion, Oton, monitoring station for the Adopt
Iloilo. -an-Estero Program. Stations 5
& 6 are confluence of Iloilo
Batiano River System. Figure
The river is markedly
4.165 below shows the map of
stagnant during dry season.
the sampling stations
Nipa and mangroves grow

Table 4. 48. Batiano River Monitoring Stations

Station
No.
Location Coordinates Class

Boulevard Bridge
1 Boulevard, Molo, Iloilo 10°41’38” N 122°34’54” E C
City
Calumpang Bridge
2 Calumpang, Molo, Iloilo 10°42’7” N 122° 34’ 13” E C
City
Sto. Niño Bridge
3 Sto. Niño Sur, Arevalo, 10°42’20” N 122°34’3” E C
Iloilo City
Batiano Bridge
4 10°42’7” N 122°33’12” E C
Poblacion Oton, Iloilo

Severino Haro Bridge,

5 10°42’0” N 122°32’33” E C
Brgy. San Antonio, Oton
Mohon Bridge
6 Mohon, Arevalo, Iloilo 10°41’33” N 122°31’4” E C
City
Sta. Cruz Bridge
7 Sta. Cruz, Arevalo, Iloilo 10°42’9” N 122°33’14” E C
City

186
 Figure 4. 164. Map of Batiano River Sampling Stations

For CY 2022, twelve (12) Temperature, pH, BOD, TSS and

sampling events were conducted color of all sampling stations
at Batiano River. Tables 4.50 to met the WQG for Class C.
4.52 below show the annual Dissolved oxygen, phosphate
range and average of and fecal coliform count were
parameters tested. non-compliant.

Table 4. 49. Annual Range and Average of in-situ parameters of

Batiano River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

Parameters

Stn pH Temperature, °C DO, mg/L

Location Class
No

Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Ave WQG

Boulevar 6.5- 25. 32. 28. 25-

1 C 6.0 7.0 6.8 1.7 8.5 5.0 5.0
d Bridge 9.0 0 0 9 31
Calumpa
6.5- 26. 32. 29. 25-
2 ng C 6.0 7.0 6.8 2.6 9.7 4.5 5.0
9.0 0 0 0 31
Bridge
Sto.
6.5- 25. 34. 29. 25-
3 Niño C 6.0 7.0 6.5 1.6 7.9 3.6 5.0
9.0 0 0 3 31
Bridge

187
 Batiano 6.5- 24. 32. 28. 25-
4 C 6.0 7.0 6.8 1.9 6.6 4.4 5.0
Bridge 9.0 0 0 2 31
Sevirino
6.5- 24. 32. 28. 25-
5 Haro C 6.0 7.0 6.8 2.6 7.8 4.7 5.0
9.0 0 0 5 31
Bridge
Mohon 6.5- 26. 31. 27. 25-
6 C 6.0 7.0 6.8 2.1 6.9 4.6 5.0
Bridge 9.0 0 0 8 31
Sta.
6.5- 26. 32. 28. 25-
7 Cruz C 6.0 7.0 6.5 2.0 5.3 3.5 5.0
9.0 0 0 8 31
Bridge

Table 4. 50. Annual Range and Average of BOD, TSS and Color of
Batiano River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
Parameters
Stn
Location Class BOD, mg/L TSS, mg/L Color, TCU
No.
WQ
Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Ave
G
Boule-
<5. 25.
1 vard C 1.0 6.0 3.0 7.0 7.0 34.0 17.3 80 9.2 75.0
0 0
Bridge
Calump
25. 15.
2 ang C 1.0 8.0 4.4 7.0 7.0 42.0 20.3 80 5.0 75.0
0 0
Bridge
Sto.
10. 10. 10. 50. 25.
3 Niño C 3.0 6.4 7.0 54.0 21.3 80 75.0
0 0 0 0 0
Bridge
Batiano 119. 15. 50. 29.
4 C 3.0 8.0 4.6 7.0 7.0 37.9 80 75.0
Bridge 0 0 0 6
Sevirino
150. 20. 50. 30.
5 Haro C 2.0 7.0 4.3 7.0 7.0 31.4 80 75.0
0 0 0 0
Bridge
Mohon 185. 15. 50. 25.
6 C 2.0 6.0 3.4 7.0 5.0 34.6 80 75.0
Bridge 0 0 0 8
Sta.
15. 40. 27.
7 Cruz C 3.0 9.0 5.3 7.0 7.0 84.0 30.4 80 75.0
0 0 9
Bridge

Table 4. 51. Annual Range and Average of Phosphate and Fecal

Coliform of Batiano River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

Parameters

Stn
Location Class Phosphate, mg P/L Fecal Coliform, MPN/100 mL
No.

Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Geomean WQG

Boulevard
1 Bridge
C 0.019 0.474 0.200 0.025 2,300 540,000 49,966 200.0

Calumpa
2 ng Bridge
C 0.027 0.521 0.257 0.025 13,000 1,600,000 76,878 200.0

Sto. Niño
3 Bridge
C 0.242 0.785 0.478 0.025 7,800 160,000 43,143 200.0

188
 Batiano 0.02
4 C 0.161 1.564 0.715 11,000 350,000 66,007 200.0
Bridge 5
Sevirino
0.02
5 Haro C 0.255 1.433 0.741 1,700 350,000 21,302 200.0
5
Bridge
Mohon 0.02 1,600,00
6 C 0.159 1.479 0.630 7,800 70,318 200.0
Bridge 5 0
Sta.
0.02 1,600,00
7 Cruz C 0.252 2.295 0.846 2,000 74,710 200.0
5 0
Bridge

Figure 4. 165. Annual Average DO of Batiano River, CY 2022

Figure 4. 166. DO Compliance Rating of Batiano River, CY 2022

189
Figure 4.166 shows that only residents are near the river.
one (1) out of 7 sampling Discharges from residents
stations passed the Water contribute to low DO levels. The
Quality Guideline Value for DO islet that formed near the
which is 5.0 mg/L. The lowest sampling station, solid wastes,
non-compliant annual average and other debris obstructed the
value obtained was 3.5 mg/L in water flow, which leads to a
Station 7 (Sta. Cruz Bridge). decrease in DO concentration.
The decrease in DO Consequently, Station 3 (Sto.
concentration is caused by the Niño Bridge) yielded the lowest
low water level and abundance compliance rating of 9 percent.
of organic waste such as leaves, The highest compliance rating of
dead plants and animals, and 83 percent was observed in
sewage. These organic wastes Station 1 (Boulevard Bridge)
are consumed by bacteria which is near the mouth of the
which consume dissolved river. The overall compliance
oxygen which causes the DO rating of Batiano River for DO is
concentration to decrease. Sta. 33 percent.
Cruz Bridge is situated in a
congested area, where many

Figure 4. 167. DO Annual Comparative Results of Batiano River,

CY 2017-2022

Comparative of five-year CY 2022 except Station 1

annual results showed (Boulevard Bridge, Molo). The
fluctuations. DO generally most non-compliant sampling
decreased in CY 2022 as station is Station 7 (Sta. Cruz
compared with previous years. Bridge). The most compliant
Figure 4.168 shows that all stations are stations 1 and 2
sampling stations were non- (Boulevard Bridge and
compliant with the WQGV for Calumpang Bridge). Station 3

190
(Sto. Niño Bridge) yielded the to CY 2022 which was 28
highest percentage decrease in percent.
DO concentration from CY 2021

Figure 4. 168. Annual Average BOD of Batiano River, CY 2022

Figure 4. 169. BOD Compliance Rating of Batiano River, CY 2022

All sampling stations met Station 3 yielded the lowest

the Water Quality Guideline compliance rating of 67 percent.
Value for BOD which is 7 mg/L. Poorly treated wastewater
Station 3 (Sto. Niño Bridge) discharged into the river
obtained the highest annual contributes to the increase in
average of 6.4 mg/L but is still BOD concentration. Most
within the WQGV. Similarly, residential houses situated

191
along the riverbanks do not Figure 4.170 shows that
have proper septage only 3 sampling stations
management. Discharges recorded 100 percent
compliance. Station 3 (Sto. Niño
coming from the discharge
Bridge) generated the lowest
canal near the sampling site
compliance rating of 67 percent.
and discharges from the Overall, Batiano River generated
establishments could possibly 89 percent compliance for BOD
contribute to the high parameter.
concentration of BOD.

Figure 4. 170. BOD Annual Comparative Results of Batiano River,

CY 2017-2022

Figure 4.171 shows that Station 3 discharges wastewater

BOD results from all stations from nearby households which
improved. Station 1 (Boulevard contributes to the pollution
Bridge), Station 2 (Calumpang load.
Bridge) and Station 6 (Mohon
Bridge) consistently complied
with the WQGV within this five-
year period. Station 3 (Sto. Niño
Bridge) did not comply with the
WQGV from 2019 to 2021. All
sampling stations exhibited a
decrease in concentration from
2021 to 2022. The outfall along

192
Figure 4. 171. Annual Average TSS of Batiano River, CY 2022

Figure 4. 172. TSS Compliance Rating of Batiano River, CY 2022

Figure 4.172 shows that expansion, and low water level.

the average TSS concentrations When the water is shallow, silt
of all sampling stations deposited could easily be
complied with the 80 mg/L agitated, thereby causing the
WQGV. The highest average TSS concentration to increase.
value obtained was 37.9 mg/L There are many trees along the
in Batiano Bridge. High TSS riverbanks near the sampling
concentration in that sampling station. Dead leaves and other
station could be attributed to floating debris could contribute
the reconstruction/expansion of to the increase in TSS
the existing bridge, road concentration.

193
 As shown in Figure 4.173, scheduled sampling event, a
sampling stations 4 to 7 yielded heavy downpour occurred which
one non-compliant value. The agitated the river. The overall
non-compliance was obtained in TSS compliance rating of the
the month of May. Prior to the waterbody is 95 percent.

Figure 4. 173.TSS Annual Comparative Results of Batiano River,

CY 2017-2022

Comparison of five-year (Boulevard Bridge) in 2017,

annual TSS results show that Station 6 (Mohon Bridge) in
TSS concentrations consistently 2019 and Station 5 (Sevirino
complied with the 80 mg/L Haro Bridge) in 2020.
WQGV except for Station 1

Figure 4. 174. Annual Average Phosphate of Batiano River, CY

2022

194
Figure 4. 175. Phosphate Compliance Rating of Batiano River, CY
2022

Figure 4.175 shows that all discharge of wastewater with

sampling stations failed to meet detergent, kitchen waste, and
the Water Quality Guideline discharges from septic tanks of
Value for Phosphate as residents living near the river.
phosphorous which is 0.025 Backyard piggeries could also
mg/L as per DAO 2021-19. The contribute to increase in
highest non-compliant annual phosphate concentration.
average value obtained was
0.845 mg P/L in Sta. Cruz
Bridge. It was noted that Figure 4.176 shows that
phosphate concentration only Station 1 yielded results
decreases going downstream that complied with the WQGV.
and Station 1 (Boulevard Bridge) All other sampling stations
the lowermost station yielded yielded zero percent compliance.
the lowest phosphate The overall compliance rating of
concentration of 0.200 mg P/L Batiano River for phosphate is
and the highest compliance extremely low at 2 percent.
rating of 17 percent. The high
phosphate concentration is
caused by the abundant

195
Figure 4. 176. Phosphate Annual Comparative Results of Batiano
River, CY 2021-2022

The two-year comparison (Calumpang Bridge) which

of annual results illustrates that yielded a 10 percent decrease
sampling stations increased in and Station 3 (Sto. Niño Bridge)
phosphate concentration in CY which yielded a 19 percent
2022 except for Station 2 decrease.

Figure 4. 177. Annual Geomean Fecal Coliform Count of Batiano

River, CY 2022

196
Figure 4. 178. Fecal Coliform Count Compliance Rating of
Batiano River, CY 2022

As illustrated in Figures obtained was 76,878 MPN/100

4.178 and 4.179, all sampling mL in Calumpang Bridge. High
stations significantly exceeded concentration of Fecal Coliform
the 200 MPN/100mL WQGV is due to the domestic waste
and consequently, all sampling discharges from the residents
stations recorded compliance along the river. Residents living
ratings of zero. Similarly, the near the river, especially the
overall fecal coliform count informal settlers discharge their
compliance rating of Batiano wastewater directly and
River is very low at zero percent. indirectly to the river.
The highest concentration

Figure 4. 186. TSS Percentage Compliance Rating of Jalaur River,

CY 2021

197
 A five-year comparison of that include Ulian and Suage
annual results illustrates that River which are both recipients
sampling stations exhibited a of domestic wastes from
decrease in CY 2022 except for residential and commercial
Station 2 (Calumpang Bridge).
establishments. Similarly,
The recorded highest fecal
Jalaur River is the receiving
coliform count is in CY 2021.
From CY 2021 to 2022, Station water body of domestic wastes
4 (Batiano Bridge) yielded the from urban centers, industrial
highest percentage decrease in wastes from sugar milling
the fecal coliform count which is operation, wastewater from
67 percent. piggeries and agricultural run-
off from farm fields.

Jalaur River
Downstream of Jalaur
River, specifically in Dingle,
Iloilo is Moroboro Dam. It was
constructed after the war for
irrigation purposes of
agricultural fields located
downstream. Jalaur River’s
water supply and its natural
flow have been fragmented by
the dam and by man-made
diversion for irrigation
Figure 4. 180. Jalaur River
purposes.

Jalaur River also known EMB Region 6 established

as Jalaud River, is the second ten (10) sampling stations along
longest river in Panay island this river system. Eight (8)
and the second largest stations are already classified, 7
by drainage basin. Jalaur river of which are Class C and the
ranked 17th largest river system other is Class A. An interim
in the Philippines in terms of classification of Class A was set
drainage basin size. It has an for the Station 9 (Alibunan
estimated drainage area of Bridge) and Station 10
1,503 square kilometres (Alibunan Upstream). Table 4.53
(580 sq mi) and travels 123 below shows the geographic
kilometres (76 mi) from its locations and classification of
source to its mouth in each monitoring station. Figure
the Guimaras Strait. 4.182 below shows the map of
the sampling stations.

It has several tributaries

198
Table 4. 52. Jalaur River Monitoring Stations

Station
Location Coordinates Class
No.
Inland Fisheries,
10°47’22.5” N
1 Guigui, Leganes, C
122°38’47.49” E
Iloilo
Barotac Nuevo
10°54’34.6” N
2 Bridge C
122°41’09.4” E
Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo
Moroboro Dam 11°00’49.9” N
3 C
Dingle, Iloilo 122°39’33.5” E
Dueñas Bridge 11°02’52.1” N
4 C
Dueñas, Iloilo 122°37’14.6” E
Downstream Passi II 11°05’13.6” N
5 C
Man-it, Passi City 122°38’22.0” E
Downstream Passi I Camiri, San En- 11°05’24.9” N
6 C
rique, Iloilo 122°38’54.8” E
Upstream Passi I
11°05’30.6” N
7 Imbang Pequeño, C
122°38’57.8” E
San Enrique, Iloilo
Calinog Bridge 11°07’10.2” N
8 A
Calinog, Iloilo 122°32’18.6” E
Alibunan Bridge,
11°09’09.6” N
9 Confluence A
122°29’00.3” E
Alibunan, Calinog, Iloilo
Alibunan Upstream 11°09’01.6” N
10 A
Alibunan, Calinog, Iloilo 122°28’11.2” E

Figure 4. 181. Map of Jalaur River Sampling Stations

199
 For CY 2022, twelve (12) BOD of all sampling stations
sampling events were conducted complied with the WQGV. TSS,
at Jalaur River. Tables 4.54 to phosphate and fecal coliform
4.56 show the annual range and count failed to meet the WQGV.
average of parameters tested. All
in situ parameters, color and

Table 4. 53. Annual Range and Average of in-situ parameters of Ja-

laur River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

Parameters
Stn pH Temperature, °C DO, mg/L
Location Class
No
Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Ave WQG

Inland
Fisher- 6.5- 27. 29.
1 ies,Lega
C 6.0 7.0 6.5
9.0 0
33.0
5
25-31 7.1 8.5 7.7 5.0
nes
Barotac
6.5- 27. 29.
2 Nuevo C 6.0 7.0 6.5
9.0 0
33.0
8
25-31 6.4 9.5 7.8 5.0
Bridge
Morobo- 6.5- 26. 29.
3 ro Dam
C 6.0 7.0 6.6
9.0 0
33.0
3
25-31 2.8 9.2 5.9 5.0
Dueñas 6.5- 26. 29.
4 Bridge
C 6.0 7.0 6.6
9.0 0
33.0
6
25-31 7.3 8.9 7.9 5.0
Down-
6.5- 26. 29.
5 stream C 6.0 7.0 6.6
9.0 0
32.0
0
25-31 6.8 8.8 8.1 5.0
Passi II
Down-
6.5- 27. 28.
6 stream C 6.0 7.0 6.5
9.0 0
31.0
8
25-31 6.3 8.7 7.7 5.0
Passi I
Up-
6.5- 26. 28.
7 stream C 6.0 7.0 6.5
9.0 0
31.0
7
25-31 6.7 12.1 8.5 5.0
Passi I
Calinog 6.5- 25. 27.
8 Bridge
A 6.0 7.0 6.6
8.5 0
30.0
3
26-30 7.5 9.2 8.6 5.0

Alibunan
Bridge, 6.5- 26. 27.
9 Conflu-
A 6.0 7.0 6.6
8.5 0
30.0
6
26-30 7.9 9.8 8.8 5.0
ence
Alibunan
6.5- 25. 27.
10 Up- A 6.0 7.0 6.5
8.5 0
33.0
8
26-30 8.1 10.2 8.8 5.0
stream

200
Table 4. 54. Annual Range and Average of BOD, TSS and Color of
Jalaur River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

Parameters
Stn BOD, mg/L TSS, mg/L Color, TCU
Location Class
No. Ma WQ
Min Ave WQG Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Ave
x G

Inland
<1. <5. 40. 15.
1 Fisheries C
0
6.0 2.3 7.0 6.0 1,004.0 161.8 80
0 0 4
75.0
,Leganes
Barotac
<1. 28. <5. 40. 15.
2 Nuevo C
0
4.0 2.5 7.0
0
1,107.0 287.7 80
0 0 8
75.0
Bridge
Morobor <1. 11. 40. 14.
3 o Dam
C
0
4.0 2.1 7.0
0
179.0 74.9 80 5.0
0 2
75.0
Dueñas 40. 30. 15.
4 Bridge
C 1.0 4.0 2.0 7.0
0
947.0 265.1 80 5.0
0 4
75.0
Downstre
<1. 37. 40. 17.
5 am Passi C
0
3.0 2.3 7.0
0
595.0 259.8 80 5.0
0 1
75.0
II
Downstre
33. 40. 17.
6 am Passi C 1.0 5.0 2.3 7.0
0
645.0 259.9 80 5.0
0 9
75.0
I
Upstrea 28. 10. 80. 21.
7 m Passi I
C 1.0 5.0 2.6 7.0
0
808.0 297.8 80
0 0 7
75.0

Calinog <1. 75. 20. 12.

8 Bridge
A
0
3.0 1.6 3.0
0
758.0 304.3 50 5.0
0 1
50.0
Alibunan
Bridge, <1. 20. 10.
9 Confluen
A
0
2.0 1.2 3.0 9.0 844.0 288.9 50 5.0
0 8
50.0
ce
Alibunan
<1. 20. 10.
10 Upstrea A
0
3.0 0.9 3.0 6.0 633.0 160.7 50 5.0
0 0
50.0
m

Table 4. 55. Annual Range and Average of Phosphate and Fecal

Coliform of Jalaur River Monitoring Stations, CY 2022

Parameters

Stn
Location Class Phosphate, mg P/L Fecal Coliform, MPN/100 mL
No.

Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Geomean WQG

Inland
1 Fisheries, C 0.031 0.332 0.121 0.025 450 160,000 8,939 200.0
Leganes

Barotac
2 Nuevo C 0.060 0.491 0.223 0.025 1,700 160,000 12,963 200.0
Bridge

Moroboro
3 Dam
C 0.023 0.378 0.142 0.025 450 79,000 11,198 200.0

Dueñas
4 Bridge
C ND 0.489 0.183 0.025 200 92,000 8,031 200.0

201
 Down-
5 stream C 0.038 0.347 0.175 0.025 4,900 240,000 29,252 200.0
Passi II

Down-
6 stream C 0.042 0.668 0.218 0.025 2,300 92,000 28,462 200.0
Passi I

Upstream
7 Passi I
C 0.087 0.573 0.229 0.025 4,900 92,000 25,086 200.0

Calinog
8 Bridge
A 0.119 0.634 0.336 0.025 4,900 220,000 26,160 50.0

Alibunan
9 Bridge, A 0.007 1.116 0.337 0.025 3,300 92,000 10,712 50.0
Confluence

Alibunan
10 Upstream
A 0.057 0.461 0.218 0.025 3,300 160,000 18,556 50.0

Figure 4. 182. Annual Average DO of Jalaur River, CY 2022

202
 Figure 4. 183. DO Compliance Rating of Jalaur River, CY 2022

Figure 4.183 shows that all rating for dissolved oxygen. It

sampling stations along Jalaur can be observed that the water in
River are above 5 mg/L and are Moroboro Dam is flowing slowly
compliant with the WQGV. The which reduces the aeration of
lowest average value of 5.9 mg/ water. Movement of water affects
L is from the Moroboro Dam and the diffusion of oxygen in the
as shown in figure 4.184, this water. The overall annual
station also has the lowest compliance rating of Jalaur river
compliance rating of 67 percent monitoring stations is 97
while all the other stations percent.
generated 100% compliance

203
Figure 4. 184. DO Annual Comparative Results of Jalaur River, CY
2017-2022

Figure 4.185 shows the 5 per cen t d ec rea s e in t h e

-year annual comparative concentration of dissolved oxygen
results of dissolved oxygen. It in Moroboro Dam. The decrease
reveals that the DO in con cen t ra tion can be
concentration in all the attributed to the movement of
sampling station of Jalaur river water which inhibits aeration of
increases except in Moroboro water and the temperature of
Dam and Downstream Passi I. It water during the conduct of
can be seen that there is a 23 sampling which affects the

204
Figure 4. 185. Annual Average BOD of Jalaur River, CY 2022

Figure 4. 186. BOD Compliance Rating of Jalaur River, CY 2022

Figure 4.186 shows that 1.6 mg/L for class A and a

the annual average BOD range of 2.0 mg/L to 2.6 mg/L
concentration of all the for class C. All stations also
sampling stations of Jalaur river achieved a 100 percent
is within the allowable value of compliance rating as shown in
3 mg/L for Class A and 7 mg/L Figure 4.187.
for Class C. The average BOD
value ranges from 0.9 mg/L to

205
Figure 4. 187. BOD Annual Comparative Results of Jalaur River,
CY 2017-2022

Figure 4.188 shows the organic matter being dissolved

annual comparative results of in the water that requires the
BOD. It shows that all the use of oxygen by microorganism
sampling station shows a during the process. The
decrease in BOD concentration continuous flow of water in the
from the previous result of CY river helps lower the
2021. Low BOD concentration concentration of organic matter
indicates a low concentration of in the water.

Figure 4. 188. Annual Average TSS of Jalaur River, CY 2022

206
Figure 4. 189. TSS Compliance Rating of Jalaur River, CY 2022

Figure 4.189 shows that Calinog Bridge and the highest

the annual average results of compliance rating of 58 percent
all the Jalaur river monitoring is shared by Inland Fisheries,
stations has exceeded the TSS Leganes and Moroboro Dam.
compliant value of 50 mg/L for The low compliance rating at
class A and 80 mg/L for Class Calinog bridge is being affected
C except station 3 (Moroboro by the ongoing construction of
Dam). The Moroboro Dam TSS Jalaur Dam, soil erosion during
results of 74.9 mg/L exhibits rains and quarry activity along
compliance to the WQGV. It the Jalaur river. The high
can be observed that during compliance rating of Inland
sampling the water moves Fisheries and Moroboro Dam
slowly. Slow motion of water could be due to the depth and
inhibits the increase in TSS motion of water which prevents
concentration. the agitation of soils leading to
the increase in TSS
As shown in Figure 4.190, concentration.
the lowest annual compliance
rating of zero percent is from

207
Figure 4. 190. TSS Annual Comparative Results of Jalaur River,
CY 2017-2022

Comparison of the five-year showed a decrease in TSS

annual results as illustrated in concentration while the stations
Figure 4.191 shows that the located in the upstream portion
TSS concentration of all of Jalaur river showed increase
sampling stations in CY 2017 in TSS. Upstream portion of
has already exceeded the Jalaur river is where the large-
maximum allowable limit. The scale quarry, scouring of the
TSS concentrations peaked in river, siltation and agricultural
CY 2017 and CY 2019. TSS run-off takes place and the
levels improved in the following tainted water enters the river.
years but still non-compliant The overall compliance rating of
with the WQGV. According to Jalaur river for TSS is at 27
the results of CY 2022, the first percent.
3 stations (Inland Fisheries,
Barotac Nuevo Bridge and
Moroboro Dam) located in the
downstream part of Jalaur river

208
Figure 4. 191. Annual Average Phosphate of Jalaur River, CY
2022

Figure 4. 192. Phosphate Compliance Rating of Jalaur River, CY

2022

As shown in Figure 4.192, phosphate concentration is

all sampling stations exceeded attributed to run-offs from
the WQGV of 0.025 mg P/L. The agricultural areas.
highest annual average results
were obtained in Station 9
(Alibunan Bridge) with a result Figure 4.193 shows that all
of 0.337 mg P/L followed by sampling stations yielded zero
0.336 mg P/L in Station 8 percent compliance. Overall
(Calinog Bridge), both Class A compliance rating is zero
waters. Exceedance in percent.

209
Figure 4. 193. Phosphate Annual Comparative Results of Jalaur
River, CY 2021-2022

Figure 4.194 illustrates Station 8 (Calinog Bridge) and

that eight (8) out of ten (10) Station 10 (Alibunan Upstream)
sampling stations showed has increased as much as 59
reduction in phosphate percent and 65 percent
concentration in CY 2022 but respectively.
still exceeded the WQGV.

Figure 4. 194. Annual Geomean Fecal Coliform of Jalaur River, CY

2022

210
Figure 4. 195. Fecal Coliform Compliance Rating of Jalaur River,
CY 2022

Figure 4.195 shows that all compliance as shown in Figure

sampling stations has exceeded 4.196. Fecal coliform count
the WQGV for fecal coliform.The could be attributed to
highest value of 29,252 wastewater discharges from
establishments and households
MPN/100 mL for class C was
along the river. Backyard
obtained from station 5
poultry and piggeries were also
(Downstream Passi II) while observed along the water body
station 8 (Calinog bridge) and its tributaries. Quarrying
obtained the highest value of and scouring of river also
26,160 MPN/100mL for Class A contributes to the coliform
waters. count as it causes disturbance
to contaminated soils.
Agricultural run-offs also carry
All sampling stations contaminated water to the river
obtained zero percent during heavy rains.

211
Figure 4. 196. Fecal Coliform Annual Comparative Results of Ja-
laur River, CY 2017-2022

Generally, fecal coliform Boracay Island is a 7 km

count of Jalaur river increased long and 1 km wide tropical
over time and peaked in CY island in the Philippines that is
2020. It can be observed that all known for its powdery white
sampling stations showed sand beaches, clear blue waters
significant decrease in coliform and majestic sunset. It is
count in CY 2022 compared to located at the north-western
that of CY 2021. The reduction corner of Panay Island,
in fecal coliform is good but the belonging to the Western
results are still far from the Visayas island-group (Region VI)
acceptable limit. and has a total land area of
10.32 km2 (3.98 mi2) and
roughly has a coastline length
BORACAY COASTLINE of 24.36 km or (15.14 mi).

The island comprises of

three (3) barangays, namely,
Brgy. Manocmanoc, Brgy.
Balabag and Brgy. Yapak with a
total population of about 32,267
in 2015 (PSA, 2015).

In the south portion of

Boracay, Cagban Jetty Port
serves as the island’s main
Figure 4. 197. Boracay Island entry and exit point during most

212
of the year. However, depending months from April 26, 2018 and
on the weather, wind and sea reopened on October 26, 2018.
conditions, the east facing
Tambisaan Beach serves as an
alternative entry and exit point. Pursuant to RA 9275
Additionally, Manocmanoc pier (Philippine Clean Water Act of
is a docking point of cargo 2004), DAO 2005-10
boats. (Implementing Rules and
Regulations of RA 9275), DAO
2009-15 (Procedural Manual for
Boracay has two (2) Designation as WQMA and
primary tourism beaches, the NIPAS Act (as Conservation
White Beach or Front Beach Area); and considering that the
(facing westward) and Bulabog island’s environmental quality
Beach (facing eastward). These and sustainability is critically
beaches are located on the important to the local, national
opposite sides of the island's and international tourism,
narrow central area. White Boracay Island was designated
Beach, the main tourism beach, as a Water Quality Management
is about four kilometers (4 km) Area and Conservation Area
long and is lined with resorts, (WQMACA) thru DENR
hotels, lodging houses, Administrative Order (DAO)
restaurants, and other tourism- 2019-15, by the DENR
related businesses while Secretary Roy A. Cimatu on
Bulabog Beach (Back beach) is November 15, 2019.
the second most popular
tourism beach where Boracay Island Water
windsurfing and kite boarding Quality and Management Area
are its main assets. Making it and Conservation Area
one of the country’s most (BIWQMACA) Governing Board
premier tourist destination. is headed by the Regional
Director of Environmental
Management Bureau Region 6
Over the years, the influx of of DENR. In line with the
local and international tourists objectives of the Boracay Action
made the island a major Plan (BAP), water quality
environmental and economic assessment is very crucial in
resource of the country. making up-to-date decisions for
However, in 2018, due to the its programs and projects, thus
lack of sewage and sewerage the need to conduct a monthly
system and improper solid water quality monitoring,
waste management, Philippine spearheaded by the DENR-EMB
President Rodrigo Roa Duterte R6- Water Quality Management
described it as a “cesspool”. In Area (WQMA) personnel.
the urgent need to rehabilitate
and restore the island, Boracay
was closed for tourism for six (6)

213
Monitoring Stations requested to monitor and assess
the water quality of the selected
Front Beach stations for
Boracay Island being the possible nutrient pollution
crown jewel of Philippine (phosphates and nitrates).
tourism is included in
Recreational Waters Monitoring
and Water Quality Management Water quality monitoring
and Conservation Area and assessment in Boracay is
Programs to ensure its regularly conducted monthly in
environmental protection and the following monitoring
sustainability. stations, shown in Table 4.56.

Under the Recreational Boracay Ambient

Waters Monitoring Program of Stations are classified either as
EMB R6 and BIWQMACA, there Class SB or Class SC water
are a total of 21 Regular bodies, based on their observed
Ambient Stations, 8 Boracay beneficial use. Tables 4.57, 4.58
Wetlands and 1 Outfall regularly and 4.59 show the location,
monitored monthly. From March official water body classification
up to the present, the Boracay and geographical coordinates of
Inter-Agency Rehabilitation these stations.
Management Group (BIARMG)

Table 4. 56. Regularly Monitored Ambient Stations in Boracay

Island, Malay, Aklan
Ambient Water No. of Project Name Parameters Tested
Body Stations

Boracay Coastline 24 Regular Monitoring -bacteriological (fecal coliform count)

-physico-chemical (TSS, color, DO, pH, temp.)
-nutrients (phosphates and nitrates)

Boracay Wetlands 8 Regular Monitoring -bacteriological (fecal coliform count)

Outfall 1 Regular Monitoring -bacteriological (fecal coliform count)

214
Table 4. 57. Boracay Coastline (Regular Ambient) Monitoring
Stations

St
Boracay Coastline Water Body
n
(Regular Ambient) Location Classifica- Geographical Coordinates
N
Stations tion
o.
1 Manocmanoc Pier Brgy. Manocmanoc SC 11°56’26.1” N ; 121°56’36.3”E

2 Tambisaan Pier Brgy. Manocmanoc SC 11°56’57.4”N ; 121°56’50.7”E

3 Lingganay Boracay Brgy. Manocmanoc SC 11°57’23.1”N ; 121°56’29.9”E

4 Tulubhan Pier Brgy. Manocmanoc SB 11°57’18.0”N ; 121°56’17.0”E

5 Palassa Residences Brgy. Balabag SC 11°57’52.2”N ; 121°55’47.3”E

6 Ralph’s Place Brgy. Balabag SC 11°58’09.9”N ; 121°55’39.3”E

7 New Coast Boracay Brgy. Yapak SB 11°59’1.5”N ;121°55’33.4”E

8 Ilig-Iligan Shell Muse- Brgy. Yapak SB 11°59’34.4”N ; 121°55’31.5”E

um
9 Puka Beach Brgy. Yapak SB 11°59’45.6”N ; 121°54’57.4”E

10 Movenpick Resort and Brgy. Yapak SB 11°59’02.8”N ; 121°54’26.6”E

Spa
11 Diniwid Beach Brgy. Balabag SB 11°58’34.3”N ; 121°54’42.4”E

12 Steve’s Cliff Brgy. Balabag SB 11°58’27.6”N ; 121°54’51.2”E

13 Friday’s Beach Brgy. Balabag SB 11°58’19.2”N ; 121°54’55.4”E

14 Front Beach Grotto Brgy. Balabag SB 11°58’05.5”N ; 121°55’09.4”E

15 Boat Station 1 Brgy. Balabag SB 11°57’52.6”N ; 121°55’19.1”E

16 Bamboo Bungalows Brgy. Balabag SB 11°57’42.5”N ; 121°55’25.7”E

17 Boat Station 2 Brgy. Balabag SB 11°57’29.3”N ; 121°55’33.7”E

18 Boat Station 3 Brgy. Manocmanoc SB 11°57’07.4”N ; 121°55’47.3”E

19 Angol Point Brgy. Manocmanoc SB 11°56’54.7”N ; 121°55’52.4”E

20 Asya Premier Brgy. Manocmanoc SB 11°56’39.3”N ; 121°55’56.1”E

21 Cagban Jetty Port Brgy. Manocmanoc SC 11°56’25.6”N ; 121°56’22.5”E

22 Lugutan (Mixing Zone)* Brgy. Manocmanoc SC 11°57’19.8”N ; 121°56’05.4”E

23 Ati Tribe Village* Brgy. Manocmanoc SC 11°57’30.6”N ; 121°56’03.4”E

24 Henann Property* Brgy. Balabag SC 11°57’42.4”N ; 121°55’54.7”E

A.)Highlighted stations- officially classified under DMC 2004-13

B.)Unhighlighted stations- classified as to most beneficial usage
observed
C.)“*”-additional stations this 2022 after is reclassification

215
Table 4. 58. Boracay Wetlands Stations

Boracay Wetlands
Stn
for Location Geographical Coordinates
No.
Regular Monitoring
1 Wetland 1 Brgy. Yapak 11°59’37.2”N ; 121°54’58.5”E

2 Wetland 2 Brgy. Balabag 11°58’25.3”N ; 121°55’28.1”E

3 Wetland 3 Brgy. Balabag 11°57’57.4”N ; 121°55’29.5”E

4 Wetland 4 Brgy. Balabag 11°57’49.6”N ; 121°55’36.1”E

6 Wetland 6 Brgy. Manocmanoc 11°57’26.2”N ; 121°56’03.1”E

7 Wetland 7 Brgy. Manocmanoc 11°57’16.0”N ; 121°56’04.7”E

8 Wetland 8 Brgy. Manocmanoc 11°56’46.7”N ; 121°56’24.4”E

9 Wetland 9 Brgy. Manocmanoc 11°56’40.3”N ; 121°56’30.4”E

* Wetland 5 was not included because it was already a reclaimed/ dry

Table 4. 59. Boracay Outfall (near Kingfisher’s Farm)

Stn Boracay Outfall Location Geographical Coordinates

No.
1 Outfall (near Kingfish- Brgy. Manocmanoc 11°57’17.4”N ; 121°56’01.5”E
er)

216
Figure 4. 198. Map of Monitoring Stations in Boracay Island,
Malay, Aklan

217
 For CY 2022, twelve (12) tested. Generally, sampling
sampling events were conducted stations were compliant to
for Boracay Coastline. Tables physico-chemical (pH,
4.60 to 4.63 show the annual temperature, color) and nutrient
range and average of parameters (phosphates, nitrates) results.

Table 4. 60. Annual Range and Average of In-Situ Parameters (DO,

pH, Temperature) of Boracay Coastline Monitoring Stations, CY
2022

Parameters
Stn
Location Class pH Temperature, °C DO, mg/L
No
Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Ave WQG
Manoc-
6.5- 25.
1 manoc SC 7.0 8.0 7.6
8.5 0
30.0 27.5 25-31 6.0 7.9 6.6 5.0
Pier

Tambisaa 6.5- 24.

2 n Pier
SC 7.0 8.0 7.7
8.5 0
30.0 27.4 25-31 3.1 7.6 6.1 5.0

Linggana
6.5- 25.
3 y SC 7.0 8.0 7.4
8.5 0
30.0 27.8 25-31 2.9 10.0 6.5 5.0
Boracay

Tulubhan 7.0- 25.

4 Pier
SB 7.0 8.0 7.4
8.5 0
30.5 27.9 26-30 2.8 9.2 6.0 6.0

Palassa
6.5- 25.
5 Residenc SC 7.0 8.0 7.5
8.5 0
31.0 28.2 25-31 3.9 7.9 6.1 5.0
es

Ralph’s 6.5- 25.

6 Place
SC 7.0 8.0 7.3
8.5 0
31.0 28.2 25-31 3.4 7.9 5.5 5.0

New
7.0- 24.
7 Coast SB 6.0 8.0 7.4
8.5 0
31.0 28.2 26-30 5.7 7.4 6.4 6.0
Boracay

Ilig- iligan
7.0- 25.
8 Shell SB 6.0 8.0 7.5
8.5 0
30.0 28.1 26-30 5.4 8.0 6.5 6.0
Museum

Puka 7.0- 25.

9 Beach
SB 6.0 8.0 7.4
8.5 0
30.0 27.8 26-30 6.0 7.4 6.7 6.0

Movenpic
7.0- 24.
10 k Resort SB 7.0 8.0 7.6
8.5 5
31.0 28.0 26-30 5.5 7.2 6.6 6.0
and Spa

Diniwid 7.0- 24.

11 Beach
SB 6.0 8.0 7.3
8.5 5
30.0 28.0 26-30 5.2 8.4 6.6 6.0

Steve’s 7.0- 24.

12 Cliff
SB 7.0 8.0 7.3
8.5 0
31.0 28.1 26-30 5.8 8.0 6.5 6.0

Friday’s 7.0- 24.

13 Beach
SB 7.0 8.0 7.5
8.5 0
31.0 27.7 26-30 4.9 7.0 6.2 6.0

Front
7.0- 24.
14 Beach SB 6.0 8.0 7.3
8.5 0
31.0 27.6 26-30 6.1 8.3 6.7 6.0
Grotto

Boat 7.0- 24.

15 Station 1
SB 6.0 8.0 7.5
8.5 0
31.0 27.4 26-30 5.9 7.2 6.4 6.0

218
 Bamboo
7.0- 24.
16 Bunga- SB 6.0 8.0 7.5
8.5 0
30.0 27.4 26-30 6.0 8.8 6.9 6.0
lows

Boat 7.0- 24.

17 Station 2
SB 6.0 8.0 7.4
8.5 0
30.0 27.4 26-30 5.9 8.2 6.7 6.0

Boat 7.0- 24.

18 Station 3
SB 6.0 8.0 7.5
8.5 0
29.0 27.3 26-30 5.8 8.5 6.5 6.0

Angol 7.0- 24.

19 Point
SB 7.0 8.0 7.6
8.5 0
29.0 27.2 26-30 5.1 7.2 6.2 6.0

Asya 7.0- 25.

20 Premiere
SB 7.0 8.0 7.5
8.5 0
29.0 27.3 26-30 4.7 7.8 6.0 6.0

Cagban 6.5- 25.

21 Jetty Port
SC 7.0 8.0 7.5
8.5 0
30.0 27.6 25-31 3.6 7.2 5.8 5.0

Lugutan
6.5- 25.
22 (Mixing SC 7.0 8.0 7.3
8.5 0
32.0 28.3 25-31 1.9 7.8 4.9 5.0
Zone)

Ati Tribe 6.5- 25.

23 Village
SC 7.0 8.0 7.5
8.5 0
31.0 28.3 25-31 1.1 9.1 5.5 5.0

Hennan 6.5- 25.

24 Property
SC 7.0 8.0 7.3
8.5 0
31.5 28.2 25-31 2.9 7.9 5.4 5.0

Table 4. 61. Annual Range and Average of Fecal Coliform, TSS and
Color of Boracay Coastline Monitoring Stations, CY 2022
Parameters

Fecal Coliform, MPN/100mL TSS, mg/L Color, TCU

Stn
Location Class
No. Ge-
WQ
Min Max om WQG Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Ave
G
ean
Manoc-
<5. <5.
1 manoc SC 8 540 105 200 2.0 52.0 12.3 80
0
<5.0
0
75
Pier
Tam-
<5. <5.
2 bisaan SC 23 920 135 200 <2.5 20.0 7.1 80
0
<5.0
0
75
Pier

Lingganay <5.
3 Boracay
SC <1.8 920 36 200 <2.5 36.0 10.3 80
0
5.0 0.4 75

Tulubhan <5.
4 Pier
SB 8 920 141 100 2.0 38.0 13.2 50
0
5.0 2.5 50

Palassa
5 Residenc- SC 23 920 81 200 6.0 41.0 14.6 80 5.0 5.0 2.1 75
es
Ralph’s 1,60 <5.
6 Place
SC <1.8
0
116 200 6.0 91.0 38.0 80
0
5.0 1.7 75

New
<5. <5.
7 Coast SB <1.8 350 16 100 3.0 79.0 26.8 50
0
<5.0
0
50
Boracay
Ilig- iligan
<5. <5.
8 Shell SB <1.8 240 13 100 <2.5 69.0 11.9 50
0
<5.0
0
50
Museum
Puka <5. <5.
9 Beach
SB <1.8 130 11 100 <2.5 62.0 24.7 50
0
<5.0
0
50

Movenpick
<5.
10 Resort SB <1.8 79 10 100 1.0 39.0 10.5 50
0
5.0 0.4 50
and Spa

219
 Diniwid <5.
11 Beach
SB <1.8 350 18 100 1.0 58.0 15.3 50
0
5.0 0.4 50

Steve’s <5. <5.

12 Cliff
SB <1.8 540 24 100 4.0 44.0 13.6 50
0
<5.0
0
50

Friday’s <5. <5.

13 Beach
SB <1.8 540 19 100 3.0 30.0 10.3 50
0
<5.0
0
50

Front
<5. <5.
14 Beach SB <1.8 240 20 100 2.0 51.0 10.4 50
0
<5.0
0
50
Grotto
Boat <5. <5.
15 Station 1
SB 5 49 15 100 2.0 51.0 11.3 50
0
<5.0
0
50

Bamboo
<5. <5.
16 Bunga- SB 5 540 25 100 2.0 58.0 15.3 50
0
<5.0
0
50
lows
Boat <5. <5.
17 Station 2
SB 5 130 25 100 2.0 27.0 9.0 50
0
<5.0
0
50

Boat <5. <5.

18 Station 3
SB <1.8 79 12 100 1.0 46.0 12.0 50
0
<5.0
0
50

Angol <5. <5.

19 Point
SB <1.8 240 13 100 1.0 30.0 9.4 50
0
<5.0
0
50

Asya <5. <5.

20 Premiere
SB <1.8 33 8 100 2.0 12.0 5.9 50
0
<5.0
0
50

Cagban <5.
21 Jetty Port
SC 2 240 27 200 <2.5 16.0 6.7 80
0
5.0 0.4 80

Lugutan
9,20 1,0 <5.
22 (Mixing SC 230
0 86
200 4.0 33.0 14.5 80
0
10.0 3.8 80
Zone)
Ati Tribe <5.
23 Village
SC 23 920 251 200 <2.5 131.0 24.9 80
0
5.0 2.1 80

Hennan <5.
24 Property
SC 13 920 127 200 3.0 66.0 19.4 80
0
5.0 0.8 80

Table 4. 62. Annual Range and Average of Nutrient and Oil and
Grease Parameters of Boracay Coastline Monitoring Stations, CY
2022

Parameters

Stn Phosphate, mg P/L Nitrates, mg/L Oil and Grease, mg/L

Location Class
No.
WQ
Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Ave WQG Min Max Ave
G

Manoc-
0.00 0.0 0.02
1 manoc SC ND
5 00
0.2
8
0.257 0.129 10 1.0 3.0 2.0 3.0
Pier

Tam-
0.00 0.0 0.01 <1.
2 bisaan SC ND
6 01
0.2
6
5.872 1.133 10
0
7.0 2.8 3.0
Pier

Lingganay 0.19 0.0 0.01

3 Boracay
SC ND
7 18
0.2
9
6.688 0.953 10 1.0 3.0 2.3 3.0

Tulubhan 0.01 0.0 0.04

4 Pier
SB ND
2 04
0.2
0
3.764 1.208 10 1.0 6.0 3.0 2.0

Palassa
0.00 0.0 0.00 <1.
5 Residenc- SC ND
8 01
0.2
4
0.347 0.093 10
0
5.0 2.0 3.0
es

Ralph’s 0.03 0.0 0.02

6 Place
SC ND
0 08
0.2
2
0.633 0.146 10 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0

220
 New
0.22 0.0 0.01 <1.
7 Coast SB ND
7 24
0.2
7
0.767 0.145 10
0
3.0 1.5 2.0
Boracay

Ilig- iligan
0.09 0.0 0.01
8 Shell SB ND
9 10
0.2
1
0.227 0.100 10 1.0 3.0 1.8 2.0
Museum

Puka 0.18 0.0 0.02 <1.

9 Beach
SB ND
9 20
0.2
0
0.463 0.129 10
0
5.0 2.0 2.0

Movenpick
0.09 0.0 0.02 <1.
10 Resort SB ND
4 09
0.2
3
0.191 0.071 10
0
6.0 2.5 2.0
and Spa

Diniwid 0.01 0.0 0.00 <1.

11 Beach
SB ND
0 01
0.2
9
2.965 0.687 10
0
3.0 1.8 2.0

Steve’s 0.01 0.0 0.05 <1.

12 Cliff
SB ND
1 03
0.2
4
2.124 0.445 10
0
12.0 3.5 2.0

Friday’s 0.01 0.0 0.01

13 Beach
SB ND
5 03
0.2
8
1.930 0.526 10 1.0 3.0 2.0 2.0

Front
0.00 0.0 0.01
14 Beach SB ND
7 01
0.2
1
0.243 0.089 10 1.0 7.0 3.3 2.0
Grotto
Boat 0.04 0.0
15 Station 1
SB ND
2 04
0.2 ND 0.344 0.075 10 1.0 3.0 2.3 2.0

Bamboo
0.01 0.0
16 Bunga- SB ND
2 03
0.2 ND 0.329 0.094 10 1.0 2.0 1.8 2.0
lows
Boat 0.01 0.0
17 Station 2
SB ND
1 01
0.2 ND 0.564 0.120 10 1.0 3.0 1.5 2.0

Boat 0.01 0.0 0.03

18 Station 3
SB ND
4 01
0.2
5
0.933 0.216 10 1.0 4.0 2.5 2.0

Angol 0.01 0.0 0.02

19 Point
SB ND
7 03
0.2
7
1.090 0.364 10 1.0 7.0 3.0 2.0

Asya 0.01 0.0 0.02

20 Premiere
SB ND
7 02
0.2
3
1.506 0.374 10 1.0 6.0 3.0 2.0

Cagban 0.02 0.0 0.01 <1.

21 Jetty Port
SC ND
5 02
0.2
7
0.374 0.142 10
0
3.0 1.8 3.0

Lugutan
0.43 0.1 0.06
22 (Mixing SC ND
6 00
0.2
8
4.551 1.116 10 1.0 7.0 3.3 3.0
Zone)
Ati Tribe 0.01 0.0 0.01 <1.
23 Village
SC ND
0 01
0.2
2
0.227 0.078 10
0
3.0 1.5 3.0

Hennan 0.01 0.0 0.00

24 Property
SC ND
2 01
0.2
7
0.514 0.119 10 1.0 4.0 2.5 3.0

221
Figure 4. 199. Annual Average DO of Boracay Coastline Class SB,
CY 2022

Figure 4. 200. Annual Average DO of Boracay Coastline Class SC,

CY 2022

Figures 4.199 and 4.200 are the presence of decaying

show that annual average DO organic matter and numerous
concentration of 23 stations microorganisms (ex. bacteria)
(96%) were compliant with their that consumed dissolved oxygen
respective water quality during decomposition or
guideline values (WQGV) of at metabolic processes, slow water
least 6 mg/L for Class SB and movement and high
at least 5 mg/L for Class SC, temperature.
respectively. Only Lugutan
(Mixing Zone) did not meet the
WQG for Class SC, having 4.9
mg/mL DO average. Factors
that contributed to low DO
concentration in the water body

222
 Figure 4. 202. Annual DO Compliance of
Boracay Coastline Class SC, CY 2022

Figure 4. 202. Annual DO Compliance of

Boracay Coastline Class SB, CY 2022

The annual compliance of shows that only Manocmanoc

water bodies to dissolved oxygen Pier has 100% compliance.
is shown in Figures 4.201 and Lugutan (Mixing Station) has
4.202. It is reflected in Figure 5 the lowest rate of compliance
that Puka Beach, Front Beach (50%, 6 events), followed by
Grotto and Bamboo Bungalows Ralph’s Place (58%). The
have 100% compliance with remaining stations has 67%-
Class SB WQGV (6mg/L) in all 83% compliance. Contributing
12 sampling events. Asya Factors that lower DO
Premier has only least (50%) concentration in the water body
compliance (6 events out of 12); include the presence of dead
followed by Tulubhan Pier with organic matter (dead algae,
58% compliance (7 events), seagrass, organic wastes) that
Newcoast Boracay and Angol consumes dissolved oxygen
Point with 67% (8 events) and during decomposition process,
the rest of the stations with 83% cloudy weather, slow water
compliance (10 events). Among movement and high
Class SC waterbodies, Figure 6 temperature.

223
Figure 4. 203. Annual Average pH of Boracay Coastline Class SB,
CY 2022

Figure 4. 204. Annual Average pH of Boracay Coastline Class SC,

CY 2022

Figures 4.203 and 4.204 swamps or wetlands that could

show that all Class SB and increase or reduce the pH level
Class SC stations (100%) were (Limates, et al., 2016).
compliant to their respective pH Photosynthetic activity of sea
ranges, which are 6.5-8.5 for grass beds (in the back beach)
Class SB and 7.0-8.5 for Class and algae in the (front beach)
SC. Normal pH values observed may have also aided in the
in Boracay coastal waters is increase of pH by consuming
attributed to the Karstic soil CO2 present in the water (Her,
present containing high calcium et al., 1976).
carbonate (CaCO3), like found
in limestones. CaCO helps
buffer pH changes, even with
the inputs of pollution from
coastal waters and mangrove

224
Figure 4. 205. Annual pH Compliance of Boracay Coastline Class
SB, CY 2022

Figure 4. 206. Annual pH Compliance of Boracay Coastline Class

SC, CY 2022

Figures 4.205 and 4.206 which is below the minimum

show that 16 stations (100%) guideline value of 7.0 for Class
were compliant with the SB pH range of 7.0-8.5. These
guideline values of pH for Class are Newcoast Boracay, Ilig-Iligan
SB and SC in all 12 sampling Shell Museum, Puka Beach,
events of 2022. Eight (8) Front Beach Grotto, Bamboo
stations has a record of 6.0 pH Bungalows Boat Stations 1, 2
(1 sampling event out of 12) and 3.

225
Figure 4. 207. Annual Average Temperature of Boracay Coastline
Class SB, CY 2022

Figure 4. 208, Annual Average Temperature of Boracay Coastline

Class SC, CY 2022

Annual average compliant with the temperature

temperature results in Figures WQGV for Class SB (26°C-30°C)
4.207 and 4.208 show that all and Class SC (25°C-31°C).
24 stations (100%) were

226
Figure 4. 209. Annual Temperature Compliance of Boracay
Coastline Class SB, CY 2022

Figure 4. 210. Annual Temperature Compliance of Boracay

Coastline Class SC, CY 2022

Varying compliance of that has a recorded temperature

Class SB stations by 67% - 83% of 24°C to 25°C during the first
shown in Figure 4.209 was quarter of 2022 (January to
attributed to the time samples March), which is lower than the
were taken. Front Beach and minimum guideline value of 26°
Brgy. Yapak stations, from Asya C for Class SB. In other months,
Premier to Newcoast Boracay, some Class SB stations, like
were taken early in the morning Newcoast Boracay, Movenpick

227
Resort and Spa, Steve’s Cliff, Non-compliance of Class
Friday’s Beach, Front Beach SC stations: Tambisaan Pier,
Grotto and Boat Station 1, has a Lugutan (Mixing Zone) and
recorded temperature of 31°C Henann Property, shown in
Figure 4.210, has a recorded
which is higher in comparison
temperature of 24°C, 32°C and
to the maximum guideline value
31.5°C, respectively. In which,
of 30°C for Class SB water all were not compliant to the
bodies. Results were attributed accepted WQGV of 25°C -31°C
to the time samples were for Class SC. High water
collected (early in the morning), temperatures in Lugutan and
strong and cold winds Henann Property were due to
(simultaneously turns and time samples collected during
mixes water regularly) and the mid-day.
cloudy weather.

Figure 4. 211. Annual Average TSS of Boracay Coastline Class SB,

CY 2022

228
Figure 4. 212. Annual Average TSS of Boracay Coastline Class SC,
CY 2022

Annual average of TSS water quality guidelines for

(Figures 4.211 and 4.212) show Class SB (50 mg/L) and Class
that all 24 stations (100%) were SC (80 mg/L).
compliant with their respective

Figure 4. 213. Annual TSS Compliance of Boracay Coastline Class

SB, CY 2022

229
Figure 4. 214. Annual TSS Compliance of Boracay Coastline Class
SC, CY 2022

Compliance graphs in and strong waves and currents

Figures 4.213 and 4.214 show where fast to turbulent flow of
that 8 Class SB and 7 Class SC water occur. Therefore, was a
stations were 100% compliant to great factor for suspended solids
their respective WQGV in all 12 like sand, sediments, algae,
sampling events. Stations with other organic debris to be
the least compliance (75% or 9 collected in the water sample.
sampling events), Newcoast The rest of the stations have
Boracay and Puka Beach, both 92% to100% (11-12 events)
located in the northern part of compliance to all 12 sampling
the island, usually have high events .

Figure 4. 215. Annual Color Average Boracay Coastline Class SB,

CY 2022

230
Figure 4. 216. Annual Color Average Boracay Coastline Class SC,
CY 2022

Figure 4. 217. Annual Color Compliance of Boracay Coastline

Class SB, CY 2022

231
Figure 4. 218. Annual Color Average Coverage Boracay Coastline
Class SC, CY 2022

Figures 4.215 to 4.218 color for Class SB (50 TCU) and

show the compliance of all 24 Class SC (75 TCU) for all 12
stations (100%) to the WQGV of sampling events in 2022.

Figure 4. 219. Annual Fecal Coliform Geomean of Boracay

Coastline Class SB, CY 2022

232
Figure 4. 220. Annual Fecal Coliform Geomean of Boracay
Coastline Class SC, CY 2022

Figures 4.219 and 4.220 (3) stations (12.5%) were non-

reflect the fecal coliform compliant, all situated in back
geomean results of Boracay beach area. These stations were
Coastline. Among the 24 Tulubhan Pier (141
stations, 21 (87.5%) stations MPN/100mL), Lugutan (Mixing
were compliant with their Zone) (1,086 MPN/100mL) and
respective WQGV for Class SB- Ati Tribe Village (251
100 MPN/100mL and Class SC- MPN/100mL).
200 MPN/100mL, while three

Figure 4. 221. Annual Fecal Coliform Compliance of Boracay

Coastline Class SB, CY 2022

233
Figure 4. 222. Annual Fecal Coliform Compliance of Boracay
Coastline Class SC, CY 2022

As shown in Figure 4.221, along the coastline, and

the Class SB station with the • Wetland 6 with annual ge-
lowest compliance is Tulubhan omean of 3,007
Pier, with only 42% compliance MPN/100mL affect the fe-
(5 events) out of 12 sampling cal coliform of coastal wa-
events in 2022. While for Class ters of Lugutan Bay during
tidal conditions
SC, Lugutan (Mixing Zone) has
c. Ati Tribe Village- Ati Tribe
0% compliance to any sampling
Village has a Communal
event, followed by Ati Tribe Vil- "Open-Bottom" Septic
lage with only 25% compliance Tank, located right below
(3 events), shown in Figure their public comfort room.
4.222. The factors affecting high Seepage from the Septic
fecal coliform observed in the tank can get mixed-up with
said stations are as follows: the nearby coastal waters
and Wetland 6 during the
highest tide, contaminating
a. Tulubhan Pier-discharges the soil, sand and nearby
coming from the Tulubhan water bodies.
Drainage Outfall contami-
nated run-off during rainy
season and contaminated
soil along the coastline.
b. Lugutan (Mixing Zone)
pollution load and contami-
nated run-off from the Lu-
gutan Drainage Outfall and
Outfall in front of Kingfish-
er’s Farm with annual fecal
coliform geomean of
6,082,517 MPN/100mL
• contaminated soil

234
Figure 4. 223. Annual Phosphate (as Phosphorus) Average of
Boracay Coastline Class SB, CY 2022

Figure 4. 224. Annual Phosphate (as Phosphorus) Average of

Boracay Coastline Class SC, CY 2022

Results in Figures 4.223 it results below the detection

and 4.224 show that all 24 limit (ND) in other stations. In
stations (100%) were compliant all 12 sampling events, all 24
with the updated WQGV of stations were compliant with its
phosphates as phosphorus, respective WQGV (Figures 4.225
both Class SB and Class SC (0.2 and 4.226).
mg P/L) under DAO 2021-19.
Other results were minimal that

235
Figure 4. 225. Annual Phosphate (as Phosphorus) Compliance,
Boracay Coastline Class SB, CY 2022

Figure 4. 226Annual Phosphate (as Phosphorus) Compliance,

Boracay Coastline Class SC, CY 2022

236
Figure 4. 227. Annual Nitrate Average of Boracay Coastline Class
SB, CY 2022

Figure 4. 228. Annual Nitrate Average Boracay Coastline Class SC,

CY 2022

Figure 4. 229. Annual Nitrate Compliance Boracay Coastline Class

SB, CY 2022

237
Figure 4. 230. Annual Nitrate Compliance Boracay Coastline Class
SC, CY 2022

Figures 4.227 and 4.228 Oil and Grease is the only

show that all 24 stations were secondary parameter being
compliant with the WQGV of 10 monitored by the ambient water
mg/L for both Class SB and SC quality team and was done
and to all sampling events, as quarterly. Collection of water
reflected in Figures 4.229 and samples were done April and
4.230. June (peak seasons), September
and November 2022.

Figure 4. 231. Annual OG Average of Boracay Coastline Class SB,

CY 2022

238
Figure 4. 232. Annual OG Average Boracay Coastline Class SC, CY
2022

Figure 4. 233. Annual OG Compliance of Boracay Coastline Class

SB, CY 2022

Figure 4. 234. Annual OG Compliance of Boracay Coastline Class

SC, CY 2022
239
 Among the samples col- support great quantity of birds,
lected for 15 Class SB stations, mammals, reptiles, amphibians,
7 stations (46.7%) were compli- fish and invertebrate species.
ant to the water quality guide- Wetlands cover areas of marsh,
lines set forth for Class SB fen, peatland or land filled with
which is 2 mg/L. The remaining water, natural or artificial, per-
8 stations (53.3%) were not manent or temporary, water
compliant and has exceeded that is static or flowing, fresh,
these guideline values. Most of brackish or saline that is. It also
the non-compliant stations were includes areas of marine water
front beach stations and resorts, (riparian and coastal zones ad-
where in business centers and jacent to wetlands, and islands
commercial hub are concentrat- or water bodies), provided that
ed, except in Tulubhan Pier the depth of which at low tide
which is situated in a residential does not exceed six (6) meters.
community. Fats, oils and Wetlands are known to be the
grease from small-scale motor/ “kidneys” of the earth because
car wash stations, restaurants of their filtering function.
and eateries, and public mar-
kets (near the beach) may end Originally, there are nine
up in the drainage systems that (9) wetlands are present in Bo-
get released into coastal waters
racay. But since Wetland 5 is
through run off. At present, Ste- already a reclaimed dry land,
ve’s Cliff has the highest OG
monitoring in this station was
concentration with 3.5 mg/L is, discontinued. At present, there
which is used as a docking are eight (8) wetlands regularly
point of motor and sail boats monitored for its fecal coliform
used for island hopping, eco-
concentration.
tourism, fishing and transporta-
tion in the front beach. Followed
by Front Beach Grotto and Lu-
gutan Mixing Zone by 3.3 mg/L.
No certain source identified yet
in grotto area where the high
OG concentration could come
from. Among the Class SC sta-
tions, only Lugutan Mixing Zone
(11.1%) was not compliant with
the WQGV of 3 mg/ L. The rest
of the 8 Class SC stations
(88.9%) were 100% compliant to
these guideline values (Figure
4.234).

Boracay Wetlands

Wetlands are among the

world’s most productive and bi-
odiverse environments. They

240
Figure 4. 235. Annual Fecal Coliform Geomean of Boracay
Wetlands, CY 2021 & 2022

Figure 4. 236. Annual Fecal Coliform Compliance of Boracay

Wetlands

Figure 4.235 shows the coliform concentration in all

fecal coliform geomean of wetlands, except in Wetland 4.
Boracay wetlands from the CY Increase in fecal coliform in
2021 and 2022. All wetlands Wetland 4 or “Balabag Wetland
were not compliant to any Ecopark” was attributed to the
guideline value and have construction activities of
extremely high fecal coliform amphitheater and boardwalk in
that exceeds even the WQGV for the wetland.
Classes D and SD (400MPN/
100mL). Wetlands mainly act as
catch basin of contaminated run Figure 4.236 shows non-
-off and pollution load from compliance of wetlands. to all
different sources. Despite the 12 sampling events in 2022,
high results, figure reflects a even to Class D/SD with 400
decreasing trend of fecal

241
MPN/100mL guideline value. fecal coliform is the excavation
But a decreasing trend is of road from on-going road and
observed in the annual fecal drainage construction projects
coliform geomean of these which caused contaminated soil
wetlands from 2021 to 2022, as to resurface and washed-off
reflected in Figure 4.235. It can during run-off.
be noticed that Wetland 6 has
the least fecal coliform
concentration among other Boracay Outfall
wetlands. This is because fecal
coliform bacteria get dissipated Aside from the 9 Boracay
in the coastal waters of Lugutan wetlands, one (1) outfall is still
Bay during tidal seasons. Other regularly monitored for its fecal
wetlands have higher fecal coliform concentration. The
outfall is located in front of
coliform due to stagnant or slow
Kingfisher’s Farm. Fecal
water movement, located near
coliform is compared to General
residential areas and/ or Effluent Standard (GES) for
commercial establishments and Class SC as the outfall
presence of solid wastes on the discharges to a Class SC
water bodies. Other possible station, Lugutan (Mixing Zone).
factor that contributes to high

Figure 4. 237. Annual Fecal Coliform Geomean of Outfall, CY 2021

& CY 2022

242
Figure 4. 238. Annual Fecal Coliform Compliance of Outfall, CY
2021 & CY 2022

Figure 4.237 shows an results of the outfall is

increase in fecal coliform compared to Class SC since it
concentration in the outfall is discharging to Lugutan
from 2021 to 2022. In 2022, (Mixing Zone), the nearest
monthly fecal coliform results water body, classified as Class
of the Outfall usually range SC.
from 49,000 MPN/100mL to
54,000,000 MPN/100mL. But 4.4. Water Quality
in November 2022, fecal result Management
skyrocketed to 92,000,000
MPN/100mL that greatly
affected the annual geomean
of the station. Foul odor,
grayish, low and slow-moving The water quality
wastewater and presence of management in the region
solid wastes near the station emanates from national policies
were observed during
and regulations, particularly the
sampling. In January 2022,
desludging of sewage in the Philippine Clean Water Act of
Boracay Island Water 2004 (RA 9275) and its
Company (BIWC) sewer line Implementing Rules and
was also observed near the Regulations (IRR). Specific
outfall. Possible sources of
enforcement requirements are
extremely high fecal coliform
come from pollution load of mandated through enactment of
various sources: run-off, ordinances from provincial,
residential households and municipal, or city governments.
establishments not yet
connected to the sewer line of
BIWC and overflow from
Wetland 6.
Programs and activities to
Figure 4.238 reflects non control water pollution and
-compliance of the outfall to protect water bodies are
Class SC GES of 400 spearheaded by various
MPN/100mL. Fecal coliform
government agencies, primarily

243
EMB Region 6, and supported
by local government units
(LGUs), other government DAO 2014-08 dated November
agencies, and the civil society. 24, 2014:

4.4.1 Legislation and Policy Designation of the Jalaur River

System Water Quality
Management Area and Creation
of its Governing Board
Pursuant to Section 5 of
RA 9275 and its IRR and DENR
Memorandum Circular (DMC)
2009-15 or the Procedural DAO 2019-15 dated November
Manual for the Designation of 5, 2019:
Water Quality Management Area
(WQMA), water bodeis were Designation of the Boracay
designated as WQMAs. Island Water Quality
Subsequently, the approved Management and Conservation
WQMAs in Region VI thru DENR Area (WQMACA) and Creation of
Administrative Order (DAO) are its Governing Board
as follows:

The general objective of the

DAO 2006-18 dated December above-mentioned laws and
29, 2006: policies is to effectively
implement the prevention,
Designation of the Tigum- control, and abatement of
pollution thus improving the
Aganan Watershed as Water
water quality and contributing
Quality Management Area and to the enhancement of the cities
Creation of its Governing Board and municipalities covered by
WQMA.

DAO 2009-11 dated November

6, 2009: 4.4.2 Compliance and
Enforcement
Designation of the Iloilo-Batiano
River Systems Water Quality EMB Region VI is tasked to
Management Area and Creation conduct periodic inspection,
monitoring and surveillance of
of its Governing Board
establishments to determine
and enforce their compliance

244
with the Clean Air Act, Clean seen on th5e figure, 2020 has
Water Act, PD 1586. This the lowest number achieved for
subsection discusses mainly the the past five years due to the
compliance of establishments in global COVID-19 pandemic.
Region VI to RA 9275 and its
IRR.
Discharge Permit issued is
Pursuant to Sec. 14 of at its peak in the year 2018 in
DENR AO 2005-10, the IRR of lieu of the Boracay Island
Rehabilitation which requires all
RA 9275, owners or operators of
water pollutive industries in the
facilities that discharge
island to secure the necessary
regulated effluents are required
environmental permits.
to secure a permit to discharge.
The discharge permit shall be
the legal authorization granted

by the concerned EMB Regional

Offices.

Figure 4. 243. Discharge

Permit Issuances per Province
from CY 2016 – 2020

Figure 4.174 above shows

the data on discharge permit
issuances per province from
calendar year 2016 to 2020. As

245
Figure 4. 244. Average Discharge Permit Issuances per Province
from 2016-2020

In terms of the number of 50% of the total average

compliances per province, the issuances for the past five years.
average issuance of discharge The province of Aklan follows
permit in the region from 2016 Iloilo Province with 25% of the
up to 2020, the province of Iloilo total average DP issued and
has the highest number of firms Negros Occidental, Antique,
as depicted in Figure 4.175 Capiz, and Guimaras with 16%,
above. This constitutes to about 4%, 4% and 1%, respectively.

Table 4. 64. Universe of Establishments in Region VI

Type of Pollutive Industry With ECC Issued With CNC Issued Total
20 18 38
Air-Pollutive Industries
4 6 10
Water-Pollutive Industries
68 97 165
HW Generators
680 12 692
Air+Water Pollutive Industries
1921 1321 3242
Air+HW Generators
257 202 459
Water and HW Generators
1911 2087 3998
Air+Water+HW Generators
4861 3743 8604
Total Establishment
5,159
Total Water-Pollutive Firms / Establishments

246
Table 4. 65. Universe of Establishments in Region VI Segregated
per Province

Province With ECC Is- With CNC Total

sued Issued
Aklan 764 1098 1862
Antique 266 106 372
Capiz 389 280 669
Guimaras 116 74 190
Iloilo 1588 1021 2609
Negros 1738 1164 2902
Total 4861 3743 8604

The total number of B.

establishments in the region In terms of monitoring, a
based on the universe accounts targeted number of firms are
to 8,604 as of December 31, assigned to be monitored in the
2020. Out of the stated total region in compliance with the
number of establishments, Philippine Clean Water Act (RA
5,159 of which are identified as 9275) and its Implementing
water-pollutive establishments. Rules and Regulations annually.
Comparing this value to the
average Wastewater Discharge
The annual target for
Permit issuance for the past 5
monitoring of compliance to RA
years, the establishment with 9275 for the past 5 years shows
discharge permit constitutes an increasing trend, with 807
only to about 15% of the total firms or establishments as the
water-pollutive firms in the largest for CY 2020 as seen on
region. Figure 4.176 below. The figure
also shows the actual target
versus accomplishments from
Table 4.55 above shows the CY 2016 to 2020. For the year
number of identified water- 2018, the total target of 775
pollutive firms segregated per establishment for monitoring
province. Based on the data was not reached due to the
presented in the table, the prioritization of Boracay
Province of Negros Occidental Rehabilitation Program which
has the most number of was spearheaded by the bureau.
Monitoring inspectors were in-
pollutive industries, followed by
charged in looking out for
Iloilo, Aklan, Capiz, Antique and
establishments with illegal
Guimaras respectively. Hotels, discharges. Analyzing the
motels, and other lodging places accomplishment from calendar
dominates the region as the year 2016-2020, the number of
highest water pollution monitored establishments has
generation potential firm based increased for a total of 32% for
on the data presented in Annex the past five years.

247
Figure 4. 245. Comparison of Water Monitoring Targets and
Accomplishments from CY 2016 to CY 2020

Comparing the number of discharges above 30 cubic

monitored firms versus the total meters per day. These firms are
water-pollutive firms in the categorized as firms with high
region, the accomplished potential pollution load.
monitored firms as of 2020 Through prioritization of
accounts only for about 17 per establishment on their potential
cent. However, prioritization of pollution load, the accomplished
establishments for monitoring monitored firms account to 35%
per pollution load is also of the total number of firms.
considered. Out of the 5,159 This value suggests an
pollutive industries in the increased number of targets for
region, only 2,500 firms have the next five years.

Figure 4. 246. Firms Monitored per Province from 2016 to 2020

248
 Figure 4.177 above shows IPGENRO will conduct
the number of firms monitored assessment in LGU-
per province for the past five Alimodian as to what area
years. The latest data shows would be closed for
that, out of the total quarrying and will be given
establishments monitored in moratorium identify other
terms of their compliance to RA areas which would be open
9275, forty-three percent of the for quarrying.
accomplishment was
concentrated on the province of • Launching of LIMPYO
Aklan, more particularly in the ILOILO, a Province wide
Island of Boracay. This is due to Convergence Clean-up
the bulk of newly constructed spearheaded by the Iloilo
Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) in Provincial Government
the island in compliance to the under the leadership of
guidelines stipulated under Governor Arthur R.
DENR Memorandum Circular Defensor, Jr. in order to
2018-07 requiring all hotels, have a Clean, Green and
resorts and similar Healthy Iloilo Province.
establishments in the white/
long beach area in Boracay LGU-Iloilo City
(Station 1 to 3) with fifty (50)
rooms and above to have its • The Implementing Rules
own sewage treatment plant. It and Regulations (IRR) of
is then followed by the province the Septage Ordinance is
of Iloilo with 29% of the total still on-process. The LGU-
accomplishments and the Iloilo City’s Plan is to tap
province of Negros Occidental with the consumers that
which accounted for about 17% are NOT connected with the
of the total accomplishment. MIWD users. The proposal
is that the consumer will
pay (as tariff fee) and this
has been in coordination
4.4.3 LGU Initiatives with the 3rd party
contractor PASS Inc. Last
As part of the LGU June 27, 2022, the
Compliance Scheme, there were Sangguniang Panlungsod
also local initiatives initiated by approved the Joint Venture
the involved LGUs under Agreement of the Iloilo City
WQMA. These are as follows: Government with
Envirokonsult Equipment
LGU-Iloilo Province and Services also in
compliance with DILG
• Iloilo Provincial Memorandum Circular
Government Environment No.2019-6 or the Policy
and Natural Resources and Guidelines on Sewage
Office (IPGENRO) held Treatment and Sewage
“quarry renewal permits” in Management System in
the Municipality of LGUs
Alimodian, Iloilo. The

249
• The LGU-Iloilo City • Plant 3,000 trees on a 23
conducted survey, hectares disposal facility at
prioritizing the six (6) Sanitary Landfill, Barangay
public markets within the Calajunan, Mandurriao,
City of Iloilo. The survey Iloilo City by the Solid
which includes the existing Waste Management
wastewater condition of the Division under the General
public markets have Services Office (GSO) of
already beem accomplished LGU-Iloilo City conducted
and submitted to the 3rd on July 22, 2020
party contractor BORDA
(Bremen Overseas • Executive Order No. 043
Research and Development Series of 2020 “An
Association) that will Executive Order to Ban the
analyze the data and Bringing and Use of
submit their “Unnecessary” Single-Use
recommendation and Plastic Products in Public
proposal for the wastewater Parks, Esplanades and
treatment construction. Plazas. This is necessary to
control wastes that clog
• Derelicts, sunken ships drainage canals.
and fishing vessels
congesting the Iloilo river LGU-Passi City:
were all removed. Garbage
and wastes in mangrove • Conduct of continuous
areas and waterways as clean-up activities of City
well as illegal fish pens Waste Management Office
were also removed. (CWMO) for Clean and
Dredging along Iloilo river Green Passi City
was also conducted by
DPWH R6. Esplanade 1-6 • Segregation of Recyclable
was also constructed for Wastes by City Waste
river protection. The rest of Management Office
the Esplanade is under (CWMO) Staff at the
construction. Materials Recovery Facility
(MRF) of Brgy. Agdayao, for
• Iloilo City Disposal Facility A Clean and Green Passi
is officially classified as a City
Sanitary Landfill.
Constructed 12 LGU-Oton:
sedimentation chambered
tanks prior to discharge. • SAPA-SUBA Clean-up
Safe Closure Rehabilitation program. Barangays are
is continuously on-going. the river taskforce
LGUs of Pavia, Oton, San themselves in their
Miguel and Sta. Barbara respective barangay
transfer their residual communities
wastes to LGU-Iloilo City
SLF with corresponding
tipping fee(s).

250
4.5 Best Practices 4.6 Challenges

Creation of Local Project Site Ensuring the effective

Committee implementation of the Clean
Water Act, on-site monitoring
A Local Project Site activities for establishments
Committee (LPSC) was created compliance to RA 9275 amidst
for Pandan recreational waters the pandemic poses a lot of risk
through an Executive Order by and challenges for the region. In
the Local Chief Executive of response to this issue, EMB CO
Pandan, Antique. Likewise, an
has drafted EMB MC 2021-02 in
Action Plan for Recreational
Waters in Pandan was drafted, Adoption of Interim Protocols in
formulated and submitted to the the conduct of remote site
Sangguniang Bayan and activities in the implementation
expecting approval and adoption of all laws during the pandemic.
thereof.
This new MC covers the conduct
WQMA Assistance towards of site activities to all firms,
Management Councils. establishments, institutions,
undertakings, projects, and
EMB Region VI extends businesses with registrations or
technical assistance to the Iloilo
permits within the purview of
Watershed Management Council
(IWMC) for the Province as Chair the EMB mandates.
of the TWG on Water Quality
Management. For the permitting side,
the implementation of the
Online Permitting and
Commitment to the Boracay
Monitoring System which
Action Plan
started last July 2018,
As lead Agency for the specifically on the
Theme 2: Pollution Control and implementation of the Online
Prevention of the Medium- Term Wastewater Discharge Permit
Boracay Action Plan which aims process, has been relevant and
for a pollution-free Boracay
Island enjoyed by the people, timely during the pandemic. The
stakeholders and government online system has limited the
who are very conscious and face-to-face interaction between
disciplined in pursuing the the clients and the evaluators.
development of the local
economy given the Island’s Water Bodies Monitoring and
fragile environment, EMB Analysis
Region 6 is tasked to conduct
the water quality assessment of • Limited workforce and
the recreational waters in resources for the conduct
Boracay Island. of water bodies monitoring
and analyses.

251
• Limited capacity to analyze Water Quality Monitoring
water quality parameters Data Management
by EMB Laboratory Region
VI. Additional parameters • There is a need to develop a
such as ammonia and comprehensive database
nitrates should also be that can produce timely
included to further assess and relevant information
the water quality. Methods for stakeholders and
of analysis should also be policymakers. Capacity
updated to maximize time building for EMB staff on
and resources. the technical aspect of data
management, processing,
Enforcement of Water Quality analysis, and presentation
Regulations is deemed important and
necessary. Upgrading the
• Some LGUs can hardly equipment and knowledge,
implement the regulations keeping up with the fast-
and/or programs and changing technology, would
activities since MENROs also be helpful. Integration
are only designated, of knowledge from multiple
thereby, the continuity and fields would increase the
sustainability of understanding of pollution
implementing levels and potential causes
environmental activities, of pollution and can also
programs, and projects can help devise long- term
be very challenging. strategies to improve water
quality.
• Lack of political will of
government leaders on the • A reassessment of the
implementation of pathways connecting the
environmental laws activities with the outputs,
outcomes, and impacts is
Controlling Fecal Coliform also a must to allocate the
Contamination limited resources
(workforce, budget,
• Pollution of water bodies schedule) better. Data
and fecal coliform banking needs
contamination due to improvement but it will be
indiscriminate discharge of improved by the
untreated wastewater from reassessment.
commercial and domestic
establishments along the Sustaining Water Management
water body. Programs

• Informal settlers still dump To ensure the

their waste directly into the sustainability of water
water body which affects management programs, it is a
the water quality. challenge for the Office to boost
the pro-activeness and concern
for the environment of the

252
communities and to develop the
public’s appreciation and
commitment to the program.

It is a continuing
challenge for the region to
inculcate the essence and
value of a community-based
development approach
anchored on local
participation. It is essential to
provide opportunities for the
communities to learn the
process of bottom-up
planning and be empowered
to identify their needs, choose
appropriate interventions,
engage LGUs and other
stakeholders, help in the
Program implementation and
ensure long-term
sustainability.

253
 Solid Wastes

Solid waste, as defined in among the national government,

Republic Act 9003 or the other local government units,
Ecological Solid Waste non-government organizations
Management Act of 2000, refers and the private sector.
to all discarded household,
commercial waste, non- Figure 5.1 shows the
hazardous institutional, ports/ overallpolicy of RA 9003.
harbor and industrial waste, Avoidance resource recovery and
street sweepings, construction diversion are the most preferred
debris, agriculture waste, and options, in addition to the 3Rs:
other non-hazardous/non-toxic Reduce, Reuse, Recycle. On the
solid waste. other hand, residual
management is the least
Solid waste management preferred option.
(SWM) remains to be one of the
ma jo r cha llen ges in th e
P h i l i p pi n e s in t e r m s o f
environmental aspect. Improper
wastes disposal, inefficient waste
collection or no collection at all,
and lack of proper disposal
facilities are among major
concerns in SWM.

The Department of
Environment and Natural
Resources (DENR), through the
Environmental Management Figure 5.1 Overall Policy of RA
Bureau (EMB), is mandated to 9003
im pl e m en t RA 9 00 3 . In
partnership with the local
government units (LGUs) and
5.1 Sources and Characteristic
other stakeholders, the law aims
to adopt a systematic, of Solid Waste
comprehensive and ecological
solid waste management
program that shall ensure the The total quantity of
protection of public health and waste, composition and sources
environment. of solid wastes generated can be
statistically determined through
the conduct of waste analysis
RA 9003 mandates the and characterization studies\
LGUs to have a primary (WACS).
enforcement and responsibility of
solid waste management while
establishing a cooperative effort

256
5.1.1 Sources of Solid Waste
Information on the sources
of municipal solid waste (MSW)
in the region was determined
from the result of WACS
conducted by 118 LGUs with
approved 10-year SWM plans as
of CY 2022. As of CY 2022, 118
out of 133 LGUs or 88.72% in
Region 6 have approved 10-year Figure 5.2 Sources of Solid
SWM Plans. Waste in Region 6 from CY
2018-2022
Solid wastes are generated
from the following sources:
1. Residential
a. Urban household
b. Rural household
2. Commercial
a. Food establishments
Figure 5.3 Sources of Municipal
such as restaurants or
Solid Waste in Region 6, as of
eateries
CY 2022
b. General merchandise Data shows that waste
c. Hotels f r o m r e s i d e n t ia l s o u r c e s ,
comprise mostly of kitchen
3. Institutions
wastes, food scraps, yard wastes,
a. Offices paper and cans, bottles, and
b. Schools other recyclables have accounted
for more than half (59.42%) of the
c. Churches
total MSW as of CY 2022.
4. Public market

Waste from markets, which

Figures 5.2 and 5.3 show comprise mostly of
the sources of waste in the biodegradables and recyclables,
region from CY 2018 to 2022 continue to decrease from
and as of CY 2022, respectively. 16.25% in 2018 to 15.59% in
2022.

257
 Waste from markets, Figure 5.5 Composition of Solid
which comprise mostly of Waste in Region 6 as of CY
biodegradables and recyclables, 2022
continue to decrease from
16.25% in 2018 to 15.59% in
2022. Biodegradable wastes
comprised about half (55.41%) of
MSW or about 1,443 metric tons
5.1.2 Composition of Solid per day although primary data
waste from the LGUs suggest that
figures can range from 23% to as
much as 76%.
The typical composition of
MSW in Region 6 from CY 2018
Typical biodegradable waste
to CY 2022 is shown in Figure
consists of kitchen or food waste,
5.4, while the composition of
yard or garden waste, agricultural
MSW as of CY 2022 is shown in
Figure 5.5. or farm waste and livestock
waste.

Recyclable wastes, like paper

and cardboard, metal, plastics,
and glass, accounted for almost
one-fourth (22.95%) of MSW or
about 597 metric tons per day
with an estimated range of 5% to
42%.

Biodegradable and recyclable

Figure 5.4 Composition of wastes, which was about 78% of
Solid Waste in Region 6, 2018 the total MSW in CY 2022, is the
– 2022 estimated potential for diversion
or reduction of solid waste for
disposal. Biodegradable waste
can be a potential source of raw
materials for organic products
after composting which can be
done at home or in composting
facilities in the Materials
Re co ve r y Fa c il it i e s ( MR F)
established in barangays or
cluster of barangays.

258
 Recyclables are either Table 5.1 shows the waste
recovered at source for reuse or composition in every province in
sale to ambulant junk buyers the region as of CY 2022. The
and are recovered from the Province of Antique generated
waste stream and stored in the more biodegradable waste than
MRF to be further sold to junk other provinces in the region,
shops or junk buyers. with 60.27% biodegradable
waste out of its total waste
generated. On the other hand,
Special wastes which Aklan generated the least
consist of household healthcare biodegradable waste with only
waste, waste electrical and 48.28%.
electronic equipment (WEEE),
bulky waste and other
hazardous materials was only The Province of Guimaras
about 2% or 55.68 metric tons generated the most recyclables
per day with values ranging with 31.36%, and the Province of
from negligible up to 20%. Negros Occidental the least with
only 19.08%.

Finally, residuals or non-

recyclable wastes such as The Province of Negros
sanitary composites (diapers, Occidental generated the most
napkins, pantyliners, used residual wastes (23.74%) or
tissue paper, etc), soiled paper waste that are non-recyclable
for food and beverage (wax paper and for disposal to a final
cups, food-contaminated paper disposal area such as sanitary
or cartons), heavily soiled plastic landfill facility (SLF), while the
films and others like cigarette Province of Guimaras generates
butts that are for disposal to the least residual wastes
final disposal facility, made up (12.19%).
for about 20% of generated solid
5.1.3 LGU Compliance with
waste in the region or 509.38 the Ecological Solid Waste
metric tons per day. Management Act
PROVINCES Name N Nu Number of LGUs (Municipalities and Cities)
Volume
of Waste
of u mbe SWM BOARD Approved M S
TYPE
Ak- Negros Prov- m r of 10-year R L
OF Regional per day
WASTE Antique Capiz Guimaras Iloilo Occi- ince be Ba-
lan Average SWM Plan F F
dental (in kg) r ran s
of gay PS C/ BS C/ P
1,44 L s W MSW W MSW S
3 G M MB M M W
Bio- Us B C Plan M

degr Pl
ada 48.2 60.2 56.00 54.99 56.7 56.1 55.41 an

ble 32
8% 7% % % 3% 6% % Aklan 17 327 1 17 15 1
14
1
7 5
597.
An- 59 22
18 590 1 18 14 1 1
67 tique 0 5
Re-
47
cycl Capiz 17 473 1 17 17 1 2
26.3 18.6 22.00 31.36 20.3 19.0 22.95 3
94

able 5% 2% % % 1% 8% % Guimar 10
5 98 1 5 98 5 1 -
as
509. 1
Re- 1,
38 1,40 14
sidu 20.9 19.5 20.00 12.19 20.9 23.7 19.56 Iloilo 44
2
1 44
02
39 1 27 3
3
al 2% 6% % % 5% 4% %
55.7 Negros
60 1
Spe- 4.45 1.89 2.00 1.47 2.01 1.02 2.14 Occi- 32 601 1 32 22 1
22
3 dental 1 5 0
cial % % % % % % %
2,
3,
TO- 13 3,49 0 1
100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 2,606 TOTAL 6 133 49 112 6
TAL 3 1 6 7
1
3

259
 Table 5.2 summarizes the SWM Plans
compliance of the LGUs in
Region 6 as of December 2022,
in terms of creation of Provincial Section 16 of RA 9003
Solid Waste Management Board requires that “the provinces,
(PSWMB), City/Municipal Solid cities and municipalities to
Waste Management Board (C/ prepare their respective 10-year
MSWMB), preparation of 10-year SWM plans consistent with the
SWM Plan, establishment of National SWM Framework.” These
Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) plans shall include detailed
and Sanitary Landfill (SLF). description of each program that
will be implemented, such as
programs on source reduction,
Establishment of Solid Waste segregation, recycling and
Management Board (PSWMB) composting, segregated collection,
proper disposal, among others as
provided in Section 17 including
Section 11 and 12 of RA the corresponding timetable for
9003 require the LGUs and the implementation of the solid
Provincial Governments to waste management program.
establish a Provincial Solid
Waste Management Board
(PSWMB) in every province and a The National Solid Waste
City or Municipal Solid Waste Management Commission
Management Board (C/MSWMB) (NSWMC) is tasked to oversee the
in each city or municipality. implementation of solid waste
PSWMB and C/MSWMB shall management plans and prescribe
prepare, submit and implement policies to achieve the objectives
a plan for the safe and sanitary of the Act. The NSWMC approves
management of solid waste local solid waste management
generated in areas under its plans in accordance with the
geographic and political Implementing Rules and
coverage. Regulations of the Act.

As shown in Table 5.2, all NS W MC prepa red a n

LGUs and Provincial government annotated outline to guide the
have complied with the mandate LGUs on the specific components
of creation of PSWMB and C/ of the plans as well as to facilitate
MSWMB, as well as Barangay the review and evaluation
SWM Committee (BSWMC) since conducted by EMB Regional
it is also required by the Offices prior to the approval of
Department of Interior and Local the plans.
Government (DILG).

Table 5.3 shows the status

of 10-year SWM plans in Region 6
as of CY 2022. As of December
2022, 118 or 88% out of 139
Provincial and City/Municipal
Submission of LGU’s 10-year SWM Plans have been approved

260
By the NSWMC; six (6) C/MSWM
Plans or 4.31% are for approval
and 15 MSWM Plans or 10.8% of
SWM Plans are for submission.
NSWMC has approved six (6) 10-
year Provincial SWM Plans and a
total of 112 City/Municipal SWM
Plans: 39 of which in the
Province of Iloilo; 15 in Aklan; 17
in Capiz; 14 in Antique; five (5)
in Guimaras; and 22 in Negros
Occidental.
All the LGUs in Provinces
of Guima ra s and Capiz,
including the Provincial
Governments have approved 10-
year Municipal SWM Plans.

Table 5.3 Status of 10-year Figure 5.6 Approved 10-year

SWM plans as CY 2022 SWM Plans in Region 6, as of
2018 to 2022

Numbe
Approv Appro
r of
ed 10- ved 10 10-year
10-year Figure 5.6 shows the
LGUs SWM
Name of
includ
year -year SWM
Plans for number of approved 10-year
Province Provinc C/ Plans for
ing
ial SWM MSWM approval
submissi SWM plans in each province as
the on
Provin
Plans Plans of 2018 to 2022.
AKLAN 18 1 15 0 2
ANTIQ The most numbers of 10-
19 1 14 3 1
UE
year SWM Plans approved was
CAPIZ 18 1 17 - -
in CY 2018 and 2019, in which
GUIMA
RAS
6 1 5 - - 36 SWM plans were approved in
ILOIL each year. The lowest number
45 1 39 2 3 of approved 10-year SWM Plans
O
NEGR approved was in CY 2022, with
OS
33 1 22 1 9 only one (1) SWM Plan.
OCCID
ENTAL
TOTAL 139 6 112 6 15
Six (6) MSWM Plans were
deliberated on November 17,
2022 and are still for approval

261
 of the NSWMC as of facilitate efficient storing of
December 2022. Evaluation and sorted wastes while in transit.
critiquing of 10-year SWM plans
were conducted through online As part of their submitted and
platform since face-to-face approved 10-year SWM Plans,
meetings were limited during the 118 LGUs included in their Plans
that they shall implement/
pandemic.
enforce their Municipal
Ordinance on “Segregation at
To assist the LGUs in the Source” and “No Segregation, No
crafting of their 10-year SWM Collection” policy as reflected in
Plans, EMB Region 6 assisted their scheduled collection for
the LGUs during the conduct of biodegradable wastes and
Waste Analysis and residual wastes.
Characterization Survey (WACS).
The result of WACS is needed As of December 2022, 80
for the baseline data of the LGUs LGUs out of 133 complied with
in the formulation of their 10- Sections 21 “Segregation at
Year Solid Waste Management Source” and Section 23 “No
Plan. This is also necessary in Segregation, No Collection”
identifying appropriate measures Policy as shown in Table 5.4
in addressing Solid Waste
Management (SWM) programs
and projects such as the proper TABLE 5.4 Compliance of
design of SWM facilities and LGUs to Sec. 21 and 23 of RA
appropriate technologies that 9003
will recover, divert and process Number of
Name of Number of Number of
the waste in order to reduce LGUs Com- LGUs Com- LGUs with
Province pliant with Municipal
waste disposal. pliant with
Sec. 21 Sec. 23
Ordinance on
“No Segrega-
tion, No Col-
Segregation Segregated
lection Policy”
at Source Collection
Source Segregation and 8
Segregated Collection AKLAN 8 15
ANTIQUE 9 9 17
CAPIZ 9 9 17
Section 21 mandates that
1 1 5
segregation of wastes shall be GUIMARAS
primarily conducted at the ILOILO 30 30 41
source to include households,
institutional, industrial, NEGROS 23 23
commercial and agricultural OCCIDENTAL 23
sources. Meanwhile, Section 23 TOTAL 80 80 118
states that the use of separate
collection schedules and/or
separate trucks or haulers shall
be required for specific types of
wastes. Otherwise, vehicles used
for the collection and transport
of solid wastes shall have the
appropriate compartments to

262
Establishment of Materials
Recovery Facility Table 5.5 Number of MRFs
established in Region 6, as of
CY 2021
Section 32 mandates that
TOTAL
there shall be a Materials NAME OF EMB- LGU-
INITIATED
NUMBER
PROVINCE FUNDED
Recovery Facility (MRF) OF MRFS

established in every barangay or AKLAN 17 128 145

cluster of barangays. MRFs shall ANTIQUE 20 205 225
be designed to receive, sort, CAPIZ 17 77 94
process, and store compostable GUIMARAS 5 96 101
and recyclable material
ILOILO 49 1224 1,273
efficiently and in an
environmentally sound manner. NEGROS OCCIDENTAL 24 201 225

TOTAL 132 1,931 2,063

The LGUs have established
their central MRFs where
collected wastes are brought to
for final sorting and
biodegradables are composted in
the composting facilities, mostly
vermi-composting and
biodegradable waste shredder
and biowaste composter donated
by EMB. However, some
established MRFs were non-
functional and mostly did not
have data or record of volume
received and processed or record Centralized MRF of LGU Pulupan-
of sales, therefore waste dan, Negros Occidental
diversion could not be computed.

Some of the established

MRFs in barangays served only
as storage area of recyclables or
pickup points for collection.

The DENR, through the

EMB, also provided funds for the
establishment of MRFs in the
LGUs from 2012-2020.

The total number of MRFs MRF of LGU Binalbagan, Negros

in the Region is reflected in Table Occidental
5.5.

263
 Central MRF of LGU Oton,
Iloilo

Vermi-composting facility of LGU Vermi-composting facility of LGU

Oton, Iloilo Libacao, Aklan

5.2 Existing Solid Waste

Facilities

As mandated by Section
37 of RA 9003, all open
dumpsites, or disposal areas
wherein the solid wastes are
indiscriminately thrown or
disposed of without due
planning and consideration for
environmental and health
standards, should have been
closed by 2006 and replaced by
MRF of LGU Lemery, Iloilo sanitary landfills (SLFs).

264
 SLFs refer to a waste
disposal site designed,
constructed, operated and
maintained in a manner that
exerts engineering control over
significant potential
environmental impacts arising
from the development and
operation of the facility. SLFs
must have impermeable liners
to prevent leachate or liquid
discharges from polluting
ground and surface waters. It Figure 5.7 Disposal
must also have a gas Facilities in Region 6, as of CY
management system to reduce 2022
risks of burning or explosion Figure 5.7 shows the
and for methane recovery, a disposal facilities in Region 6 as
regular soil cover to minimize of CY 2022.
odor, and other environmental
protection features.
As of December 2022, 13%
or 17 LGUs have established and
LGUs which do not have
operated SLFs in the Region. Ten
access to a SLF have
(10) SLFs in Negros Occidental;
reha bilitat ed their o pen
one (1) in Iloilo City and two (2)
dumpsites and converted them
in the Province of Iloilo; two (2)
to an Ecological Solid Waste
SLF in the Province of Capiz: one
Management (Eco-SWM) Park
(1) in Roxas City and one (1) in
as an alternative to an SLF
Tapaz, Capiz; one (1) in San
considering the high cost of the
Jose, Province of Antique; and
establishment and operation of
one (1) in Malay, Aklan. 22% or
SLF.
29 LGUs have clustered with
An Eco-SWM Park is an other LGUs’ SLFs to dispose
integrated solid waste their residual wastes. There
management program with the were still 15% or 22 out of 133
components Materials Recovery LGUs operating open dumpsites.
Fa cilit y (MRFs) with a LGUs that have no access to the
composting facility, Recycling SLF established their RCAs (37%
Facility, Residual Containment or 49 LGUs) and established
Area (RCA) and other facilities. their Eco-SWM Parks (13% or 18
LGUs).
RCAs, on the other hand,
are temporary storage of Table 5.7 shows data on 17
residual waste which will later operational SLFs in Region 6,
be processed into alternative their locations, the total capacity
technology or to be disposed in and the total number of LGUs
SLFs for final disposal. that clustered with it. As of
2022, 17 SLFs cater wastes from
45 LGUs (34% of 133 LGU),
including the host LGUs.

265
 Barangay
A total of 29 LGUs which Felisa, 4 1,040,0
do not have a capability nor Bacolod 00
1

available site to establish and City

operate their own SLF clustered Hda.

and dispose their residual Pandan, 30,000 1

Brgy. Ma- 1
wastes through a MOA with ao, Bago
LGUs which have operational City
SLFs. Sitio
Maanit, 215,
Brgy. 615.30
2 2
Guadalup
Passi City Integrated e, San
Solid Waste Management Carlos City
Facility (Passi City SLF) catered Brgy.
residual wastes from 22 LGUs Cabahug, 2 50,000 2
Cadiz City
in the Province of Iloilo and two Sitio
(2) LGUs from the Province of Carmen,
Capiz. Four (4) LGUs in Negros Brgy. 18,802. 1
2
Occidental are clustered for a Caravalan, 55
common SLF and one (1) LGU Himamayl
Negr an City
in the Province of Iloilo are os Sitio
clustered to the SLF in Brgy. Occi 10 Cabangah
Calajunan, Manduriao, Iloilo dent an, Brgy.
City. This is LGU Oton. al Hilamona 2 40,000 1
n,
Kabankala
Num n City
Numb ber
Total Brgy.
er of of
PROVI Categ Capacity Paraiso, 2 30,000 2
Opera Location LGU
NCE ory (in cubic
tion s Sagay City
meters)
SLFs cate Sitio Can-
red
Arao,
Brgy.
Brgy.
Kabulihan, 100,00
Aklan 1 3 80,000 1 Cabadiang 2 2
Malay, 0
an,
Aklan
Brgy. Sipalay
Antiq Pantao, San City
2.36 metric
1 1 tons
1 Brgy.
ue Jose,
Balabag,
Antique 1 17,000 1
La Carlota
Sitio
City
Gimba, San
3 120,000 1 Hacienda
Jose, Roxas
Capiz 2 Nalinao,
City, Capiz
Brgy
Tapaz, 1 60,000 1
1 157,142 1 Kapitan
Capiz
Brgy. Ramon,
Calajunan, 36 Silay City
4 6,9 2
Mandurriao 55
, Iloilo City TOTAL 17 45

Brgy. 1,3
69, 2
Aglalana, 4 13
Iloilo 3 4
Passi City 4

Barangay
Sibacongan 40,
, 1 00 1
0
Lambunao,
Iloilo

266
 Aerial photo of Iloilo City
Sanitary Landfill

Aerial photo of Sanitary

Landfill of LGU Malay, Aklan
located at Brgy. Kabulihan

Wastewater treatment facility of

LGU Iloilo City SLF

Active cell of Malay SLF

Aerial photo of Sanitary Landfill

of LGU Passi City located at
Brgy. Aglalana, Passi City

Wastewater treatment facility of

LGU Malay SLF

267
Leachate treatment facility of
San Jose, Antique SLF
Cell No. 2 of Kabankalan City
Sanitary landfill

Aerial photo of Sanitary

Landfill of LGU Bacolod City
located at Brgy. Felisa.

Sanitary Landfill of Tapaz, Capiz

Aerial photo of Sanitary

Landfill of San Jose, Antique

Leachate treatment facility of

Tapaz SLF

268
 Figure 5.8 Disposal Facilities in Region 6, CY 2018 – 2022

Figure 5.8 shows disposal

facilities from 2018 to 2022. As rehabilitated dumpsites again
shown in Figure 5.8, there was a due to lack of alternative
decrease in the number of LGUs technology which LGUs can
operating an open dumpsite from utilize to reduce the volume of
2018 to 2019. However, there residual wastes.
was a 152% increase in CY
2020, from 21 LGUs in 2019 to
53 in 2020. This was attributed In CY 2021, there was a
to the COVID-19 pandemic. 381% decrease in the number of
According to the Municipal LGUs operating an open
Environment and Natural dumpsite, from 53 LGUs to 11.
Resources Officer (MENRO)/ This was due to the Directive
SWM Focal Person of the LGUs, issued by EMB Director Engr.
this could be attributed to non- William P. Cuñado on January
operationalization of LGUs’ 27, 2021 to initiate the closure of
centralized MRF which processed open dumpsites in celebration of
collected wastes before final the 20th year of the enactment of
disposal. Some LGUs stopped RA 9003. In compliance with the
the final sorting of collected directive, 53 identified LGUs
waste from residences and other voluntarily closed their open
sources in the municipality due dumpsites. In addition, 22 more
to the fear that the collected LGUs also submitted their
waste might be contaminated by intention letters to voluntarily
COVID-19 virus. This resulted to close and rehabilitate their open
the increase in the volume of dumpsites. EMB Region 6
residual waste disposed in the validated and documented the
controlled dump and RCAs. closure from January to March
2021. EMB Region 6 also
provided technical assistance on
Some LGUs’ RCAs became the preparation and
open dumpsites or some LGUs implementation of the safe
utilized their closed and closure

269
 and rehabilitation plans of Open Dump Sites and
the LGUs’ open dumpsites. Controlled Dump Facilities.

However, during the onsite According to SMW Focal

monitoring at the end of CY Person/MENRO, lack of
2022, it was noted that not all equipment and alternative
LGUs who voluntarily closed technology; lack of manpower
their open dumpsites were able and absence of SWM focal
to implement the complete person or Municipal
closure and rehabilitation of their Environment and Natural
open dumpsites in compliance Resources Officer (MENRO) that
with Section 37 (Prohibition will focus on SWM Programs;
against the Use of Open Dumps lack of a suitable site to
for Solid Waste) of RA 9003 and establish SLFs, or lack of
DENR Administrative Order accessible SLFs they can cluster
(DAO) No. 9 Series of 2006 or the were also some of the identified
General Guidelines in the reasons.
Closure and Rehabilitation of

Eco-SWM Park of LGU Sibalom,

Antique RCA of LGU Buruanga, Aklan

Residual Containment Area of

LGU Sibunag, Guimaras

270
 Figure 5.9 Sanitary Landfills in Region 6 as of CY 2022

Table 5.8 shows the existing disposal facilities in Region 6 as of CY

2022.

Figures 5.10 show the map of Eco-Parks in Region 6 as of 2022.

Table 5.8 Types of Disposal Facilities in Region 6, as of CY 2022

271
272
Figure 5.10 Map of Eco-Parks in Region 6 as of 2022

273
5.3 Projection of Waste kilograms per person per day
Generation or equivalent to 2,604 metric
The estimated population tons per day.
of Region 6 for CY 2022 which
was 8,138,174 (based on 2020 Figure 5.11 shows the
PSA census) was estimated to estimated 10-year annual
generate an estimated annual waste generation in the Region
waste generation of 950,539 for CY 2020 – 2030 without
tons or almost one (1) million LGU’s waste diversion
tons of waste given the average
programs and initiatives.
daily generation rate of 0.32

Figure 5.11 Estimated 10-year Annual Waste Generation of Region

6

W a st e di ve rsio n is increased every three (3) years

defined in RA 9003 as activities thereafter.
which reduce or eliminate the
volume of solid wastes from
wast e disposa l facilit ies The quantity of
through re-use, recycling, and biodegradable and recyclable
composting activities and other wastes generated based on
resource recovery initiatives. WACS conducted is the waste
diversion target reflected by
the LGUs in their 10-year
As mandated by RA SWM Plans.
9003, every LGU plan shall
include an implementation
schedule which shows that As reflected in their 10-
within five (5) years after the year SWM Plans, the LGUs
effectivity of the Act, the LGU encourage the solid waste
shall divert at least 25% of all management within the
solid waste from waste disposal household and community
facilities. Moreover, the waste level by conducting intensive
diversion goals shall be IEC programs and activities.

274
Biodegradable materials are
composted through backyard Implementing Rules and
or natural composting. Regulations of the Philippine
Recyclable materials are sold to Ecological Solid Waste
the ambulant junk buyer plying Management Act of 2000
around the area. December 20, 2001

However, there is no • DAO 2006-09 (approved

available data on the actual
on September 14, 2006)
diverted wastes due to lack of
proper recording of waste
processed and diverted in the General Guidelines on the
MRFs. Closure and Rehabilitation
of Waste Disposal Facilities
There is also no proper
monitoring on the percentage of • DAO 2006-10 (approved
the households practicing on September 14, 2006)
backyard composting and total
amount of recyclable wastes
sold to junk shops or ambulant Guidelines on the
junk buyers. Categorized Final Disposal
Facility (Sanitary Landfills
5.4 Ecological Solid Waste
Management
• DAO 2019-21 (approved
on November 26, 2019)
5.4.1 Legislation and Policy
• RA 9003 Ecological Solid
Guidelines Governing Waste
Waste Management Act
-to-Energy Facilities for the
of 2000 (approved on
Integrated Management of
January 26, 2001)
Solid Waste

An Act Providing for an

• NSWMC Resolution No.
Ecological Solid Waste
1362, series of 2020
Management Program,
Creating the Necessary (February 12, 2020)
Institutional Mechanisms
and Incentives, Declaring Resolution Directing the
Certain Acts Prohibited and Department of Environment
Providing Penalties, and Natural Resources
Appropriating Funds (DENR) to Prepare and
therefore and for other Implement the Banning of
Purposes the Use of Unnecessary
Single-Use of Plastics by
National Government
• DAO 2001-34 (approved
Agencies (NGAs), Local
on December 20, 2001)
Government Units (LGUs)

275
 Offices and All other Environmentally Acceptable
Govern ment Cont rolled Products
Offices.

• NSWMC Resolution No.

• NSWMC Resolution No. 1452, series of 2021
1364, series of 2020 (August 31, 2021)
(April 25, 2020)

Adopting the Total Solid

Adopting the Interim Waste Management Solution
Guidelines on the to Optimize Waste Recovery
Management of Covid-19 and Utilization in the
related Health Care Waste Sanitary Landfills prior to
Disposal

• RA 11898 Extended
• NSWMC Resolution No.
Producer Responsibility
1380, series of 2020
Act of 2022 (July 23,
(September 30, 2020)
2022)
An Act Institutionalizing the
Adopting the Guidelines on Extended Producer
the Waste Analysis and Responsibility on Plastic
Characterization Study and Packaging of Waste,
its related Manual amending for this purpose
Republic Act No. 9003,
otherwise known as the
• Me m or a n du m Dated “Ecological Solid Waste
October 1, 2020 Management Act of 2000”

Directive to Enforce the 5.4.2 Programs and Projects

Operationalization of All Non-
Functional Materials Solid Waste Enforcement
Recovery Facilities (MRFs) and Education Program
and Issuance of Cease And (SWEEP)
Desist Order (CDOs) To All
Local Government Units
The implementation of
Operating Open Dumpsites the SWEEP is consistent with
the role of the DENR to provide
• NSWMC Resolution No. technical and other capability
1428, series of 2021 building assistance and
(February 2, 2021) support to the LGUs in the
d e v e l o p m e n t a n d
implementation of local solid
Declaring the Plastic
Softdrink Straw and Plastic waste management plans and
Coffee Stirrer as Non- programs (Section 8e) and

276
DENR’s function to exercise SWM Equipment with CCTVs
visitorial and enforcement were provided to the LGUs.
powers to ensure strict
compliance with RA 9003 Table 5.9 Beneficiaries of
(Section 8g). Biodegradable Waste
Shredder and Composter Set
EMB Region 6 hired 24 in CY 2020 and 2021
Environmental Monitoring PROVINCE CY CY CY
Officers (EnMOs) and assigned 2020 2021 2022
in six (6) provinces: three (3) in Aklan 3 6 2
each province of Aklan, Antique
Antique 5 7 3
and Capiz; one (1) in Guimaras;
eight (8) in Iloilo; and seven (7) Capiz 4 8 3
in Negros Occidental. The Iloilo 20 14 8
EnMos conducted monitoring
Guimaras 1 2 0
of unclean sites in public
places and coordinated with the Negros Occi- 25 13 4
barangays to clean up the dental
unclean sites monitored; TOTAL 58 40 20
assisted in the monitoring of
EMB-Funded Closure and 5.4.3 LGU Initiatives
rehabilitation Activities of
assisted LGUs; assisted in the
monitoring of EMB-funded The Provincial
MRFs; monitoring of SLFs; Government of Iloilo thru the
assisted and identified Model Provincial SWM Board actively
Barangays and assisted in the supports the SWM programs of
preparation of the Local the different municipalities
Government Unit Solid Waste through technical assistance
Management-Self Compliance and providing support fund for
Monitoring Auditing Report the LGUs in the establishment
(LGU-SWM-SCMAR) per of their leachate pond, closure
semester of the year. and rehabilitation of their
dumpsite, the establishment of
Provisions of SWM Material Recovery Facility and
Equipment Information Education
Campaign on ESWM. The
In 2020, EMB Central Provincial Government
Office identified 58 LGUs to be conducts an Annual Search on
provided with Biodegradable 5Es + 3S for best performing
waste shredder and Composter LGUs in solid waste
Set and six (6) provinces with management programs as part
Plastic Chair Factory. In 2021, of the in cen t iv es and
another set of 40 LGUs were motivation program of the
provided with this equipment. province.
Table 5.9 shows the number of
equipment given per province
in CY 2020 and CY 2021, In addition, Provincial
respectively. In 2022, 20 sets of Government of Iloilo has the

277
following SWM programs and 2. Monthly conduct of Limpyo
events: Iloilo (2020-present) a
convergence program which
1. Yearly Celebration of
aims for a clean Province of
Provincial Solid Waste
Iloilo for health, tourism,
Awareness Week
public safety, disaster
conducted every preparedness towards
December focuses on waste progress.
management and time on the
protection and development of
the environment (Tanum Iloilo 3. The Limpyo GCQ – Kontra
and Responsible Mining) of COVID-19 Kag Dengue: Ang
Province of Iloilo that highlights Bag-ong Normal, Mas
the different activities: Malimpyo Nga Iloilo is just a
simple, doable strategy that
• A n nu a l So lid W a st e
we can do at the household
Management Summit; and community province
• Exhibit of LGUs Best wide to stop/eliminate the
Practices on SWM breeding and spreading of
• “Basura Mo, E-Parol Mo” disease carrier and
or On-the-Spot Lantern viruses. It covers the
implementation of 5S (4S +
Making Contest;
Social Distancing): S - earch
• Barangay Solid Waste and Destroy, S - eek Early
Management Summit; Consultation, S - elf
• Awarding of Search for Protection Measures, S - ay
Outstanding LGUs on yes to fogging/ spraying and
Ecological and Sustainable S - ocial distancing.
SWM System (E-3S).

4. 4 Bs (Basura Baylo Baligya

eBangko 2021-present)

278
5. Balik Alat (reduction of encouraged to collect
single-used plastic 2021- uncontaminated low -
present). d e n si t y p la s t i c s or
residual waste such as
6. Limpyo Eleksyon-Tarp
food plastic wrappers, low
upcycling (2022)
density plastics, plastic
bags and placed inside a
PET bottle. The PET
bottles can be used for
landscaping, gardening,
and construction
materials. This technology
was cascaded and
adopted by all the
mu n i ci pa lit i e s,
barangays, and schools in
the Province of Iloilo as
one of an alternative
technology for residual
waste reduction and
recycling.
9. BoteKo!PalitKo Program
of Province of Iloilo was
launched in 2018 to serve
as an immediate solution
to the present situation
on trash by reducing
plastics in the waste
stream. Under the
program, Ilonggos are
encouraged to put all low-
d e n si t y p la s t i c s or
residual plastics inside a
bottle. The plastic bottles
filled with residual wastes
can be exchanged with
7. Annual conduct of Ocean eco-bottles and eco-bags
Clean-Up and Tanum Iloilo in PENRO Iloilo.
Program. 10. “Basura Baylo Bugas” of
LGU Dumangas,
8. Trash in a Bottle: An
launched on October 2,
A lt ern a t ive Rec ycl in g
2019, is an initiative of
Technology on Plastics
the LGU as part of their
(ART on Plastics) Project
solid waste management.
was enacted through
One (1) kilo of residual
Provincial Ordinance No.
waste, like candy
274, Series of 2018.
wrappers, shampoo, or
C o m m e r c i a l
establishments, schools coffee sachets, is placed
inside PET bottles and
and barangays are

279
 can be exchange with one main component of their
(1) kilo of rice at the eco-bricks.
redemption center located
at the lobby of LGU
Dumangas Municipal Hall.
The collected wastes will
be processed in a plastic
shredder and will be made
into concrete blocks to be
used as foot walks.

The Province of Capiz thru its

Capiz Environment and Natural
Resources office and Provincial
Solid Waste Management Board
con du ct ed th e follow in g
initiatives:

1. Yearly activity on Sisid

Basurero, an underwater
clean-up driver as part of
the Ocean Month
Celebration, to raise
awareness and impart Moreover, the Province of
knowledge to the Negros Occidental intensifies
community on the the conduct of monitoring and
importance of coastal evaluation of LGUs
ecosystem and collect Compliance in RA 9003 thru
wastes under water the efforts of Provincial
Environment Management
2. Yearly Coastal Clean-up Office and the PSWMB.
drive together with EMB- Technical assistance was
DENR in Capiz, fisherfolks provided to LGUs for the
association and CaPENRO submission of 10-Year SWM
staff Plans and initiated the
3. IEC through its Social clustering of LGUs in the
Media Page (FB) about southern part of Negros
pro per en viron ment al Occidental for a Common
protection, preservation sanitary landfill including fund
and sustainability assistance for construction of
fa cilit y. Mo biliz ation of
4. Conducted Palit Basura
Provincial Officers thru the
kag Seed for a forest on
KASE Program-Kapitolyo Solid
Wheels, visiting
Waste Educators and
Municipalities and City
facilitated the 3rd District
within the Province of
Plastic Regulations Ordinance.
Capiz, collected residual
wastes were used as the

280
 City of Cadiz created the regulate the use of plastic bags
Advocacy Team to conduct the in all public markets and
IEC activities to all component commercial establishments.
ba ra n ga ys an d oversees This Ordinances are cascaded to
implement at ion of SW M their respective municipalities
Program of the city. The and barangays for their adoption
Municipality of Manapla well- and implementation as one of
managed the operation of their the strategies in the reduction
composting facility within their of waste generation most
Eco- Park and recyclable especially residual plastics.
wastes were made into eco-
bags, design in the garden and Vermi-composting facilities
sofa. Further, the Escalante
City had an Ordinance for the Vermi-Composting of
Banning of Single Use Plastics LGUs Alimodian, Carles, Oton,
within the City. and Concepcion in the Province
of Iloilo; LGUs Jordan and
Buenavista in Guimaras; LGUs
Sigma, Ivisan and Pan-ay in
Capiz; LGUs Banga and Balete in
Aklan; and LGU Pulupandan,
Talisay City, San Carlos City and
Manapla in Negros Occidental
were established for the recovery
and processing of biodegradable
waste coming from markets
which is one of the big waste
generators and has a big
composition in waste generation
and has a contribution in
organic farming.

Vermi Composting Facility at the

SWM Eco Park of the Municipality
Anti-Plastic Ordinance of Manapla, Negros Occidental
of the provinces of Iloilo,
Guimaras, Aklan and Capiz

281
Recycling Programs of the Recycling activity of LGU Oton,
Cities of Iloilo and Passi; LGUs Iloilo
Ajuy, Dingle, Miag-ao,
Dumangas, Oton, Concepcion
in the Province of Iloilo; LGUs
Buenavista and Jordan in the
Province of Guimaras; LGUs
Banga, Libacao and Boracay,
Malay, in Aklan; LGU Sigma
and Ivisan in Capiz; Bugasong,
Sibalom and Patnongon in
A n tiqu e; LGU s Man a pla
Kabankalan City and Brgy
Mambulac, Silay City in Negros
Occidental. These LGUs are Recycling activity of LGU
active in their recycling
Manapla, Negros Occidental
activities of old papers, straws,
old tires, PET bottles, doy
packs, tarpaulins into eco bags, 5.5 Best Practices and
placemats, hats, slippers; paper Lessons Learned
beads were made into, rosary
beads, necklace, earrings,
bracelets, and other ladies 5.5.1 Efforts of Government
accessories; and recycling of Agencies
crashed bottles into decorative
blocks or eco-bricks.
Financial Support to LGUs

Since 2012, EMB has provided

financial assistance to the
LGUs for the implementation
of their Safe Closure and
Rehabilitation Plan (SCRP) of
their open and controlled
dumpsite; establishment of
Materials Recovery Facilities
(MRFs); procurement of
shredder to intensify resource
Recycling activity of LGU recovery and waste diversion
Miagao, Iloilo program in every LGU and the
ESWM implementation in
Public Markets; establishment
pf composting facility (CF);
provision of Eco-Bikes and
implementation of National
Eco-Savers Program (NEP) to
intensify the recovery of
recyclable materials and to

282
enhance community
participation.

Table 5.10 Financial Support Given by the EMB, 2012-2020

Provinces Establish- Procure- Establish- Establish- SCRP CF NEP ECO-
ment of ment of ment of ment and BIKES
MRFs Shredders MRF and Operationa-
Purchase of lization of
Equipment ESWM for
Public Markets

Aklan 7 5 11 - 2 1 1 1
Antique 9 8 9 2 2 - - -
Capiz 4 2 13 1 2 - - -
Iloilo 12 14 28 7 3 16 1
Guimar
4 4 - - 1 8 1
as
Negros
6 10 7 7 - - 2 -
Occ.
TOTAL 42 43 68 17 10 27 3

Table 5.10 summarizes the Region 6, as of CY 2022.

financial support given by EMB
to the provinces in the region
since 2012.

As of CY 2022, EMB
provided a total amount of
Php70,127,00.00 to the LGUs in
the establishment of MRF and
others; Php17,520,719.48 for the
implementation of their Safe
Closure and Rehabilitation Plan
(SCR) of their open and
controlled dumpsite of ten (10)
LGUs; and Php 31,350,000.00 to
the Province of Capiz for the
Establishment of Clustered
MRF/Plastic Recycling Resource
Recovery Facility (PRRF).

Figure 5.12 shows the

location of EMB-Funded MRFs in

283
 Figure 5.12 Map of EMB-Funded MRFs in Region 6 as of 2022

As of CY 2022, total of 42 The active members of

LGUs in Region VI were given a other National Government
Agencies in the Regional Ecology
financial assistance for the
Center in the Region has
establishment of Material strengthened its partnership
Recovery Facility (MRF); 43 for with the EMB through its
the procurement of shredder; 10 involvement in the different
for the safe closure and environmental activities of the
agency and provided technical
rehabilitation (SCRP) of
assistance to different LGUs on
dumpsites; 17 for the the mandates of RA 9003. These
implementation of ESWM in NGAs are Department of Interior
Public Markets; and 27 LGUs for and Local Government (DILG),
the implementation of NEP. LGU Department of Agriculture (DA),
Malay, Aklan was given financial Philippine Information Agency
(PIA ) , Na t io n a l Eco n o mic
assistance in the procurement of Development Authority (NEDA),
composting facility and three (3) Philippine National Police (PNP),
eco-bikes were given to LGUs Philippine Coast Guard (PCG),
Banga, Aklan; Jordan, Pollution Control Association of
Guimaras; and Lambunao, Iloilo the Philippines, Inc. (PCAPI),
Department of Public Works and
in 2018.
Highways (DPWH), Department
of Science and Technology
(DOST), Department of
• Regional Ecology Center

284
Education (DepEd) and several their own recyclable materials
academes in the region. for sale in order to increase
waste recovery and diversion.

5.5.2 Efforts of Private

Sectors 5.5.3 Civil Society/Informal
Waste Sectors Initiatives

A partnership with SM
City, Iloilo in the Regional • Uswag Calajunan
Launching of Pinas Basura Livelihood Association
Buste (PBB), nationwide (UCLA) is an organization
campaign to increase public of about 300 waste
awareness and encourage pickers in Calajunan
public support and Dumpsite organized by
participation to government Iloilo City. UCLA, with
programs on environmental assistance of the former
protection and conservation GIZ-AHT, in partnership
especially on the with EMB Region 6 and
implementation of proper solid the business sector of the
waste management last August City and in collaboration
12, 2022, with participation of w it h r e l i gio u s
Local Government Units organizations and
(LGUs). academe, was able to
sustain their livelihood for
recycling. UCLA establish
• Plastic-Free Day their livelihood projects
Programs of Commercial thru recycling of doy/
Establishments tetra packs into bags; old
papers into accessories,
charcoal paper production
Big commercial and other recycling
establishments like SM City, activities. Produced
Robinsons Mall and Gaisano recycled products of the
Capital implement a 1-day association are marketed
Plastic-Free Day as one of their in Germany and Japan.
strategies in waste reduction. Presently, they have
Customers are given rebates invested for a lot and a
and additional points through building that they can call
point s system in their their very own located in
Advantage and Value Card Brgy. Calajunan,
during the purchase of Manduriao, Iloilo. Some
groceries and rebate if they members of UCLA have
bring their own recyclable or already become trainers
eco-bags. for recycling and
livelihood activities
extending technical
SM City conducts Waste
assistance to other LGUs
Market Fair every first
in the Province of Aklan,
Saturday of the month to
Capiz and Antique
encourage shoppers to bring

285
 through the assistance • Awards and incentives are
and coordination of the necessary to encourage
Department of Trade and and motivate the LGUs to
Industry. sustain their SWM Best
practices and initiatives.

• Central Philippine
Un iversit y In no va tive • To encourage them to
practice in the Reduction replicate the success
of Plastic Wastes in Iloilo stories of other LGUs
City through Sustainable
Consumption, Production,
and Waste Management of 5.6 Challenges (Issues and
Plastics and Its Concerns)
Alternatives funded by
GIZ.
The following issues, concerns
and challenges faced in the
5.5.4 Lessons Learned implementation of ESWM at
the local government level were
identified as to:
• Continuous and focused
technical assistance to the
LGUs is very vital in their • The frequent change of
compliance with the Local Chief Executives
mandatory provisions of (LCEs) which greatly
RA 9003; affected the sustainability
in the implementation of
solid waste management
• Cost recovery mechanism programs and projects;
is important in the
sustainability of SWM
programs and • Most LGUs have no
implementation especially permanent or appointed
in the collection of solid Municipal Environment
waste and in the recycling and Natural Resource
activity; Officer (MENRO)/SWM
Focal Person to focus on
the implementation and
• Enforcement is vital in the management of the solid
sustainability of SWM waste programs and
programs; projects;

• Continuous monitoring • Absence/lack or minimal

and evaluation is cost recovery mechanism
necessary for the such as garbage fee
compliance of the LGUs; collection that could
and financially sustain the
LGUs SWM programs and
projects implementation;

286
 Recommendations:
• Lack of system and
techn iqu es of w ast e • Provision of financial
reduction, re-use and assistance for the
recycling; development and
establishment of a
common SLF for clustered
• The never ending
education campaign for LGUs;
the behavioral change of
the general public on the • Assessment and siting of
effect ive pra ct ice of possible suitable sites for
ESWM; the establishment of a
categorized SLF;
• Lack of Sanitary Landfills
for the disposal of residual • Crafting of LGUs
wastes; and Ordinances for the cost
recovery mechanism on
garbage fee in the
• No suitable site for the
establishment of SLFs; collection of garbage;

• Creation of a MENRO
• Restrictions and protocol
Office and appointment of
towards our current
regular personnel that
situation;
will focus on the
implementation of SWM
• No mandatory budget from Programs and other
the LGU’s revenue allotted devolved functions to
for SWM activities and LGUs on environmental
implementation such as management and natural
bu t not limit ed to resources;
establishment of SLF;
• Continuous provision of
• Proper handling, disposal technical assistance in
of infectious/hazardous the coaching and
wastes from the critiquing of the 10-Year
quarantine facilities of the SWM Plan of the LGUs
LGUs; and in the
implementation of
approved 10-year SWM
• Lack of financial and Plan;
technical capability of the
LGUs to host and operate
an SLF. • Promotion of Public
Private and Partnership

287
 for SWM Programs and
technologies;

• Inclusion of SWM
Facilities into National
Development Projects;

• Strengthening of
Information, Education
Campaign in all sectors of
waste generators;

• Streamlining of Solid
waste management
programs and projects by
LGUs to Disaster Risk
Reduction Program and
Climate Change Mitigation
Program;

• To formulate Term-based
SWM implementation
plans based from the
approved 10-year SWM
Plans with corresponding
allocated budget to
implement ESWM System
in the LGU.

• To have a mandatory
budget to set aside to
support the SWM activities
and implementation from
the LGU’s estimated
revenue allocation from
regular sources.

288
 Chemicals and Hazardous Waste
Management
It is the policy of the State keeping or storage and disposal
to regulate, restrict or prohibit of hazardous and nuclear
the importation, manufacture, wastes into the country for
processing, sale, distribution, whatever purpose.
use and disposal of chemical
6.1 Chemicals Management
substances and mixtures that
present unreasonable risk and It is under the mandate of
or injury to health or the EMB Region VI to carry out the
environment. As well as to national policy to regulate,
prohibit the entry, even in rest rict o r p ro h ibit t h e
transit, of hazardous and import ation, manu facture,
processing, sale, distribution,
nuclear wastes and their
use and disposal of chemical
disposal into the Philippine substance and mixtures that
territorial limits for whatever present unreasonable risk and/
pu rpo se an d t o pro vide or injury to health or the
advancement and facilitate environment and to prohibit the
research and studies on toxic entry, even in transit, of
chemicals. hazardous and nuclear wastes
and their disposal in the region
Republic Act 6969 (R.A. for whatever purpose.
6969) also known as the “Toxic
Part of the functions of
Substances and Hazardous and
EMB Region VI is to keep an
Nuclear Wastes Control Act of
updated inventory of chemicals
1990 was passed by the
that are presently being
Congress of the Philippines in
manufactured or used,
July 1990 and directs the DENR
indicating among others, their
to establish rules, regulations,
existing and possible uses,
and programs regarding the
quantity, test data, names of
control of toxic substances and
firms manufacturing or using
hazardous and nuclear wastes,
them, and such other
as well as providing penalties for
information that may be
violations.
consider relevant to the
This Act shall cover the protection of health and the
impo rtat ion , man ufactu re, environment.
processing, handling, storage,
Aside from the annual
transportation, sale,
compliance monitoring
distribution, use and disposal of
inspection conducted by the
a ll un regu la t ed ch emica l
Chemicals and Hazardous
substances and mixtures in the
Wastes Monitoring Section of
Philippines, including the entry,
EMB Region VI, other
even in transit, as well as the

291
mechanism in the management Control Order (CCO) for
and Hazardous Wastes A sbe st o s, C ya n id e (C N),
Monitoring Section of EMB Mercury (Hg), Polychlorinated
Biphenyl (PCB), Lead (Pb),
Region VI, other mechanism in
Ozone Depleting Substances
the management and regulation (ODS) AND Hydrofluorocarbons
of these chemical substances is (HFC’s)
the required submission of
Annual Report and quarterly Chemical Control Order
Self-Monitoring Report. In this (CCO) is a DENR Administrative
manner, the EMB Region VI can Order that prohibit, limit or
regulate the use, manufacture,
keep track of the flow of
import, transport, processing,
distribution of these chemicals storage, possession, sale and
and at the same time creates distribution of chemicals and
accountability for those who chemical substances due to its
manufacture, transport, use unreasonable risks and adverse
and dispose toxic chemical effects to human health and the
environment.
substances.

Th e Chemicals and 6.1.1 Asbestos

Hazardous Waste Permitting
Asbestos is a naturally
Section (CHWPS) of EMB Region
occurring fibrous form of
VI review and process
varieties of mineral silicates
applications for issuance of
belonging to the rock-forming
C h e m i ca l Co n t ro l O r de r
minerals and has been used in
Certification and Importation
a wide variety of products and
Clearances. Prior to the
uses including friction
issuance of r e g i st r a t io n
materials, construction
certificates and clearances, an
materials, mechanical packing
on-site validation inspection is
and gaskets. Exposure to
conducted particularly on
airborne friable asbestos may
labeling, handling, and storage
result in a potential health risk
requirements. A Chemical
because persons breathing the
Management Plan with
air may breathe in asbestos
Emergency and Contingency
fibers. Continued exposure can
Plan specific to the chemical
increase the amount of fibers
being registered is being
that remain in the lungs. Fibers
required in order to determine
embedded in lung tissues over
their capability in handling and
time may cause serious lung
using these substances.
diseases including asbestosis,
Delegated to EMB lung cancer, or mesothelioma.
Regio n a l Offices is t h e
registration for the use of
c h e mi ca l s a n d c h e m ic a l
substances under the Chemical

292
 asbestos, making the supply for
Table 6.1.1 – 5-year Chemical
at least 10 years.
Control Order issuance for
Asbestos 6.1.2 Cyanide

Cyanide is extremely toxic

to humans. Chronic (long-term)
inhalation exposure of humans
to cyanide results to adverse
effects primarily in the central
nervous system. Other effects in
humans include cardiovascular
Among these CCO and respiratory problems, an
issuances in Region VI the enlarged thyroid gland, and
largest volume was issued to irritation to the eyes and skin.
Vallacar Transit Inc., due to the Ingestion of cyanide compounds
application of 200,000 kg of can be fatal.
Asbestos last 2019. Vallacar Cyanides are commonly
Transit Incorporated applied for used in the electroplating
an importation clearance for the industry, mining and
manufacture of high-density metallurgical industry, steel
brake linings where they use manufacturing, plastic
asbestos as a raw material. production and in jewelry-
From 2018 to 2022, this is the making industry. Cyanide is
only CCO issuance of asbestos strictly prohibited to be used in
for the past 5 years. the fishing sector. Likewise,
cyanide- bearing waste is not to
be disch a rged in t o t h e
environment.

Table 6.1.2 – 5-year Chemical

Control Order issuance for Cya-
nide

Figure 6.1.1 – 5-year Chemical

Inventory from 2018 to 2022
for Asbestos

As per the Chemical

Control Order of Vallacar
Transit Incorporated, they are
using 19,600 kg per year of

293
 Table 6.1.3 – 5-year Chemical
Control Order issuance for
Mercury

Figure 6.1.2 – 5-year Chemi-

cal Inventory from 2018 to
2022 for Cyanide
For Cyanide and cyanide
Exposure to mercury
compounds, the user is
could lead to harmful effects on
predominantly Panay Power
humans (severity depends on
Corporation located in Brgy.
the level of exposure). High
Ingore, Lapaz Iloilo City in 2018.
exposure of mercury through
They are using Potassium
inhalation can cause severe
Cyanide in their laboratory
lung, gastrointestinal and
testing. In 2022, San Miguel nervous system damages.
Brewery Inc. and Distileria Bago
Inc. are both using sodium
nitroprusside for their
laboratory testing. Also, San
Miguel Brewer Inc. has
ammonia cell test for the same
purpose.
6.1.3 Mercury, Mercury
Compounds and Mercury-
added Products Figure 6.1.3 – 5-year Chemical
Inventory from 2018 to 2022
Mercury is the only for Mercury
common metal existing as liquid
at ordinary temperatures. This For Mercury and Mercury
metal has a silver-white mirror Compounds, Coca Cola FEMSA
like appearance. Mercury is Philippines Inc. both in Pavia,
commonly used in mining and Iloilo and Bacolod uses Mercury
metallurgical industry, electrical II Sulfate from 2018 to 2019 for
apparatus (e.g. batteries, their water analysis. Aside from
lighting), pharmaceuticals, this Boracay Island Water
paint manufacturing, pulp Company uses Mercury for their
paper manufacturing, dental UV treatment equipment in
amalgam and pesticides. 2018.

294
 Bureau of Fisheries and Table 6.1.4 – 5-year Chemical
Aquatic Resources Region VI Control Order issuance for
registered 0.03 kg of their PCB
laboratory reagent, Mercury (II)
Nitrate Monohydrate (Mercury
Standard Solution), last 2019. In
2022, Westy Transport registered
200 kg of their waste
contaminated with mercury. In connection to the CCO
From 2018 to 2022, 216.323 kg for PCBs, there were 13
of mercury, mercury compounds establishments that were
and mercury-added products
registered since 2018. However,
was issued within the Region.
in 2020, the online PCB
6.1.4 Polychlorinated Biphenyl Tracker, the system
(PCB) encountered an error, citing
server errors, wherein approval
Polychlorinated biphenyls was no longer possible.
are widely used as fire retardant
and insulator in the manufacture 6.1.5 Lead
of transformers and capacitors
which are very common in the Lead is a heavy, bluish
operation of electric companies. gray metal in granules, shot,
PCBs are used in transformers foil or powder that is naturally
and capacitors because of their occurring in earth’s crush
ability to withstand exceptionally which is very soft, highly
high temperatures. The United malleable, ductile and a
States Environmental Protection relatively poor conductor of
Agency banned their use due to electricity. Lead is commonly
their classification as a human used in manufacture of lead-
carcinogen, persistence in the acid batteries, also used in
environment, bioaccumulation many other products, for
and bioconcentration effects. example pigments, paints,
solder, stained glass, lead
crystal glassware, ammunition,
ceramic glazes, jewelry, toys,
and some cosmetics.

Lead is a cumulative
toxicant that affects multiple
body systems and is
particularly harmful to young
children who are vulnerable to
Figure 6.1.4 – 5-year Chemical the toxic effects of lead and can
Inventory from 2018 to 2022 suffer profound and permanent
for PCB a dve rs e h ea lt h i mpa ct s,

295
particularly on the development
of the brain and nervous
system. Lead also causes long-
term harm in adults, including
increased risk of high blood
pressure and kidney damage.
Exposure of pregnant women to
high levels of lead can cause Figure 6.1.5 – 5-year Chemical
miscarriage, stillbirth,
Inventory from 2018 to 2022
premature birth and low birth
for ODS
weight.
An average of 12
registrants renewed in 2018 to
6 .1 .5 Oz one D ep le ti n g 2022, with 9 registered as ODS
Substances (ODS) dealers, resellers and retailers
in 2022. As seen on the table, a
Ozo ne -Deplet in g total of 104,812.22 kg of ODS
Substances (ODS) are was declared to be used in the
substances which when span of 5 years within Region 6.
released in the atmosphere, Since 2018, the highest
destroy the ozone molecules and projection of ODS was observed
eventually the ozone layer. in the year 2019 with a total
Included as ODS are projected volume of 26,976.12
Chlorofluorocarbons, Halons, kg, slightly higher compared in
Methylene chloride and 2022 projected volume of
Trichloroethane. The 26,491.48 kg. From 2018 to
degradation of the ozone layer is 2022, the use of ODS slightly
a major cause of global warming increasing from 2020
which brings about different consumption.
changes in the environment.
6.1.7 Hydrofluorocarbons
(HFCs)
Table 6.1.5 – 5-year Chemical
Control Order issuance for ODS Hydrofluorocarbons or
HFCs are any of several organic
co mpoun ds co mposed o f
hydrogen, fluorine, and carbon.
HFCs are produced
synthetically and are used
primarily as refrigerants. They
became widely used for this
purpose beginning in the late
1980s, with the introduction of
the Montreal Protocol, which

296
phased out the use of chemicals projected volume of 26,976.12
such as halons and kg, slightly higher compared in
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) that 2022 projected volume of
contribute to the depletion of 26,491.48 kg. From 2018 to
Earth's ozone layer. However, 2022, the use of ODS slightly
while HFCs have an ozone increasing from 2020
depletion potential of zero, they consumption.
are potent greenhouse gases, 6.1.7 Hydrofluorocarbons
and thus their manufacture and (HFCs)
u se beca me in crea sin gly
regulated in the 21st century.) Hydrofluorocarbons or
HFCs are any of several organic
Table 6.1.6 – 5-year Chemical co mpoun ds co mposed o f
Control Order issuance for hydrogen, fluorine, and carbon.
HFC HFCs are produced
synthetically and are used
primarily as refrigerants. They
became widely used for this
purpose beginning in the late
1980s, with the introduction of
the Montreal Protocol, which
phased out the use of chemicals
such as halons and
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) that
contribute to the depletion of
Earth's ozone layer. However,
while HFCs have an ozone
depletion potential of zero, they
are potent greenhouse gases,
Figure 6.1.5 – 5-year Chemical and thus their manufacture and
Inventory from 2018 to 2022 use beca me increasingly
for ODS regulated in the 21st century.)

An average of 12
Table 6.1.6 – 5-year Chemical
registrants renewed in 2018 to
Control Order issuance for
2022, with 9 registered as ODS
HFC
dealers, resellers and retailers
in 2022. As seen on the table, a
total of 104,812.22 kg of ODS
was declared to be used in the
span of 5 years within Region 6.
Since 2018, the highest
projection of ODS was observed
in the year 2019 with a total

297
 January 1, 2035, imports shall
have been reduced by 30%
based on the recorded baseline
consumption. This will continue
until January 1, 2045, where
importation of the remaining
20% recorded baseline shall be
Figure 6.1.6 – 5-year Chemi- mai ntai n ed. All r ec ord ed
cal Inventory from 2018 to baseline data shall be in CO2
2022 for HFC equivalent.

Chemical Control Order

For HFC’s, a total of
(CCO) is a registration which
209,636.58 kg was declared to
prohibit, limit or regulate the
be used in the span of 5 years
use, manufacture, import,
within Region 6. Since 2018, the
transport, processing, storage,
highest projection of HFC was
possession, and sale/
observed in the year 2022 with a
distribution of chemicals and
total projected volume of
chemical substances that DENR
72,892.80 kg and has increased
determines to regulate its use,
consumption of HFC within 5
phase-out or ban due to its
years. As of 2022, 10 registered
serious risks and adverse effects
as HFC dealers, resellers and
to human health and the
retailers. Overall, a projected
environment.
total of 314,448.80 kg of ODS
and HFC were consumed for the Moreover, a Priority
past 5 years, and about a third Chemical List (PCL) is a list of
of which is ODS while the rest of existing chemicals that DENR
the volume were HFC’s. has determined to potentially
pose unreasonable risk to
Based from DAO 2021-31,
human health, to workplace and
there will be a Baseline
the environment. Department
Consumption data gathering
Administrative Order (DAO)
from 2020 to 2022 for the
2005-27 lists all 48 chemicals
Average production /
under the PCL. Application for
consumption of Hydrofluoro-
the PCL shall be through the
carbons (HFCs) plus 65% of
EMB Central Office Chemicals
Hydrochlorofluorocarbon
Management Section.
(HCFC). By January 1, 2024,
Applications can be classified
imports shall not exceed the
into Compliance and
recorded baseline consumption.
Exemption. Exemption to the
Moreover, by January 1, 2029,
PCL shall be eligible if the listed
imports shall have been reduced
chemical is solely being used as
by l0% based on the recorded
standard solution or as reagent
baseline consumption. Next, by
for laboratory analysis.

298
6.2 Hazardous Waste Order (DAO) 2013-22. After an
Management establishment or a company is
registered as Hazardous Waste
Hazardous Wastes
Generator, they can now
Management activities refer to
facilitate the disposal of any
the processing of registration of
identified hazardous wastes
Hazardous Waste Generators
within their possession through
(HWGs). It includes the
a Permit to Transport
issuance of Hazardous Waste
application wherein each
Generator ID and transport
transport is identified through a
documents such as Permit to
Manifest. They will also be
Transport (PTT) and manifest
subjected to regular compliance
forms prior to the transport,
monitoring to be done by the
treatment, storage and disposal
Chemicals and Hazardous
of hazardous wastes from
Waste Management Section of
registered hazardous wastes
the Environmental Enforcement
generators through registered
and Monitoring Division.
transporter and treatment,
storage and disposal (TSD) Moreover, companies who
facility. are transporting, treating,
storing, and disposing
hazardous wastes can apply for
a certification as an accredited
transporter and treatment,
HWG Number storage and disposal (TSD)
Hazardous Waste 337
facility. This certification is
Generators (HWG) issued by Environmental
Registered
Management Bureau – Central
Transport Permits Issued 231
Office (EMB-CO).
Registered HW Transporters 5

Registered TSD Facilities 2 6.2.1 Inventory of Hazardous

Wastes
Hazardous Waste
In CY 2022, there are a
Generator ID (HWG ID) is a
total of 337 establishments and
registration which identifies
companies which registered as
establishments or companies
Hazardous Waste Generator
which has the possibility to
(HWG).
generate or produce wastes
which exhibits characteristics In total, 2,564
such is flammability, establishments and companies
corrosivity, reactivity and has registered as a Hazardous
toxicity or any wastes listed as Waste Generator within the
hazardous wastes within Region. Based from the five-year
Department Administrative trend from 2018 to 2022, 2018

299
Figure 6.2.2 – Percentage of Hazardous Waste Generator ID Issu-
ances per industry type for CY 2022
has the highest Hazardous Out of the 337 registered
Waste Generator IDs issued HWGs in the region, 23% came
with 821 approved applications. from accommodations,
This was due to the Boracay recreational and tourism
Rehabilitation spearheaded by establishments. The biggest
DENR where establishments factor for the large slice of
were required to apply for issuances from tourism
environmental permits in order and accommodation
to operate their businesses. establishments is due to the
Hazardous Waste Generator IDs rehabilitation efforts in Boracay
issuance steadily increased Island last 2018. Second
yearly from 230 in 2020 to 283 largest contributor is from
issued in 2021 and 337 issued healthcare institutions such as
in 2022. hospitals, clinics and diagnostic
centers. This is due to spike of
Table 6.2.2 – Hazardous
pathological and infectious
Waste Generator ID Issuance
waste brought by the recent
from 2018 to 2022
COVID-19 pandemic, and the
requirement of the disposal of
the said hazardous waste is
needed. Other contributors of
registered HWG are restaurant/
farms (14%), fuel refilling or
automobile services (11%) and
telecommunication, landfill/
transporters and ecoparks and
telecommunication (5%).

300
 compared to 552 issued PTT
from 2021, the quantity of
hazardous waste transported
and disposed increased from
2,871.71 MT in 2021 to
4,156.02 MT in 2022, a 44.72%
increased from 2021. This is
due to high volume transported
from pathological waste from
Figure 62.3 - Percentage of
health and clinic institutions
Hazardous Waste Generator
and used industrial oil from the
ID Issuances per province
power sectors.
(2016 to 2022)
In terms of issuances per
province from 2016 to 2022,
Aklan contributed to 49% of all
issuances of Hazardous Waste
Generator ID. Iloilo has 24%
and Negros Occidental
contributed 20%. For Antique,
Capiz and Guimaras they
contributed to a combined 7%
of the total issuances within the
Region.
Figure 6.2.5 – 5-year data on
the transported versus the
quantity transported.

It is also worth noting

that the issuances of PTT in
2022 is still higher issued PTT
versus 2020 issuance of 26
Permit to Transport. One of the
contributing factors of this was
the transition of the issuance of
the Permit to Transport to the
Figure 6.2.4 – Permit to
o n lin e Ha za rdo u s Wa st e
Transport Issuance per year
Management System. The
from 2018 to 2022
existing hazardous waste
For Permit to Transport, generators must re-register or
issuance a total of 231 were transfer their account to the
issued last 2022. Although that system before they can apply for
it is 58.15% less Permit to a Permit to Transport. Due to
Transport (PTT) issued this, client experience a

301
significant adjustment to the of Permit to Transport issuance
new system, thus the reduced since establishments tend to
Permit to Transport application. ex h a u st t h ei r req u est ed
Ho w ever, t h e sign ifican t quantities in one collection/
increase in 2021 can be transport.
interpreted that the online
system has a positive impact in
terms on the ease in applying
f o r t h e p e r m i t .

There is still a significant

case of hazardous waste
generators estimating their
hazardous waste generated and
creating a forecasted hazardous
waste quantity in applying for
Figure 6.2.6 – Overall data on
their Permit to Transport.
the disposed hazardous wastes
Forecasted quantities means
from Region VI from CY 2018-
they are requesting an amount
2022
of hazardous waste that are not
yet generated. This runs the Out of the 337 registered
risk of the establishment HWGs in the region, 23% came
reporting excessive quantities in from accommodations,
the hazardous waste inventory recreational and tourism
which results to inconsistent establishments. The biggest
data in their monitoring reports factor for the large slice of
versus the actual generation on- issuances from tourism
site. In 2021, in line with the and accommodation
implementation of the online establishments is due to the
Hazardous Waste Management rehabilitation efforts in Boracay
System, hazardous waste Island last 2018. Second
generators are required to largest contributor is from
request quantities in their healthcare institutions such as
Permit to Transport application hospitals, clinics and diagnostic
based on the actual hazardous centers. This is due to spike of
waste generated in their SMR. pathological and infectious
Through this, establishments waste brought by the recent
now declare realistic quantities COVID-19 pandemic, and the
of hazardous wastes in their requirement of the disposal of
Permit to Transport. However, it the said hazardous waste is
was observed that there is a needed. Other contributors of
significant increase in frequency registered HWG are restaurant/

302
farms (14%), fuel refilling or 2021. It is also noted that Used
automobile services (11%) and Vegetable Oil including sludge
telecommunication, landfill/ (I102) is still considered a large
transporters and ecoparks and waste in quantity at 13%. Last
telecommunication (5%). 2019, almost 3000 MT was
treated, due to the
From 2018 to 2022, a total
establishment and
of 28,009.26 MT of hazardous
operationalization o f the
waste were disposed data of
Treatment Storage and Disposal
disposed waste within the
(TSD) Facility for I102 at Sta.
region it is observed that the
Barbara Iloilo. Another is H802
largest hazardous waste was
at 13%, where most disposed
used Industrial Oil including
are from 2022. This spike were
Sludge (I101). These used
from construction and crushing
industrial oil mostly comes from
plant co m p a n i e s . Other
electric power corporations,
hazardous waste includes M506
construction companies and
at 6% from manufacturing and
crushing plants. 36% of the
electric power companies, and
total hazardous wastes came
Others such as L404 and D406
from I101, where half of its total
made of total of 11%.
disposed declared from 2022. It
was also observed that there As of December 31, 2022,
was a significant increase of there are 5 registered
Pathological and Infectious Hazardous Waste Transporters.
Wastes (M501) generated last Most of these transporters have
2022 due to the COVID 19- dedicated types of wastes for
pandemic, contributing 21% of their collection of hazardous
the total hazardous waste. In wastes. Sollesta-Nielsen
2022, 2250.83 MT disposed as Corporation collects I102 or
M501 compared to last year’s Used Vegetable Oil including
1,146.07 MT of M501 disposed,
sludge. Pollution Abatement
96.40 percent increase from
Systems Specialist Inc. collects

Figure 6.2.7 – 2022 data for the Hazardous Wastes Transported

from Region VI (left) and the region where it was disposed (right)

303
 and treated almost 3000 MT of
I102 mainly coming from quick
service restaurants. Sollesta-
Nielsen Corporation makes use
of recycling process wherein
they filter the collected used
vegetable oil and export them as
treated wastes. For used
industrial oil including sludge,
Table 6.2.3 – Registered Haz- Upward Agro Industrial
ardous Waste Transporter Corporation use secondary fuel
burning or combustion. They
M501 Pathological and basically use waste oil as fuel
Infectious Wastes. Among the for their lime processing.
registered Hazardous Waste
Transporter in Region VI, Westy
Tr a n s po rt e r s , M a ga ll a n e s
Environmental Solutions OPC
and IPR Septic Tank Services
can cover multiple hazardous
waste types.

TSD Facility ADDRESS

National Highway,
SOLLESTA-
Talanghauan,
NIELSEN
Santa Barbara, Figure 6.2.8 – 2022 Permit to
CORPORATION
Iloilo Transport Issuance to Hazard-
UPWARD AGRO La Bamba, Orong,
INDUSTRIAL Kabankalan City, ous Waste Generators by Region
CORPORATION Negros Occidental
Among the Treatment,
Table 6.2.4 – Registered Haz-
Storage and Disposal Facility
ardous Waste TSD Facility
(TSD), 95.24% of all Permit to
Th ere are two (2) Transport issued were under
Hazardous Waste Treatment, Sollesta-Nielsen Corporation for
Storage and Disposal (TSD) the transport of used vegetable
Facility or treaters as od oil including sludge (I102) from
December 31, 2022. These are Region VI, VII and VIII and 4B.
Sollesta-Nielsen Corporation In terms of hazardous waste
located at Brgy. Talanghauan, disposal in 2022, 42.86% of
Sta. Barbara, Iloilo which caters treated I102 came from Region
VII and 44.16% came from
vegetable oil including sludge
Region VI. The rest of the
(I102). It is worth noting that in
12.99% came from Region VIII.
2019, this treater transported

304
6.3. Awareness Raising the Chemical and Hazardous
Activity on Mercury at Waste Permitting Section of the
Regatta Hotel Environmental Management
Bureau (EMB) 6 conducted an
6.3.1 Chemical Control Order
Awareness Raising Activity on
(CCO) For Ozone Depleting
Mercury at Regatta Hotel on
Substances (ODS) & On
March 6, 2019.
Handling Chemicals For
D e a le r s R e se lle r s An d
Retailers Of ODS Containing
Substances

In celebration of the 2018

Ozone Protection Month, the
Metro Iloilo Airshed Governing
Bo a rd and the D E NR -
Environmental management
Bureau Region VI conducted
The activity aims to raise
the Seminar/Training relative
awareness among the local
to the Ozone Depletion
stakeholders such as local
Substances minimization. The
government units (LGUs),
program started with the
academic institutions,
registration of participants forty
businesses and industries and
-seven (47) participants from all
other relevant sectors involved
over Region 6 who were
in mercury use about the
registered Hazardous Waste.
characteristics, sources and
Generators permittees of uses, environmental impacts,
the Office attended along with and management of mercury
seventeen (17) representatives/ and Minamata Convention.
members of the Metro Iloilo
Airshed Governing Board
MIAGB, Twelve (12) EMBR6
personnel/resource persons
and members of the MIA
Te ch n i ca l A dm in is t r a t i ve
Secretariat members facilitated
the event.
6.3.2 Awareness Raising
Activity on Mercury at
Subject matter experts
Regatta Hotel
from concerned sectors graced
Iloilo City – The the seminar and shared their
Environmental Education and expertise on a variety of topics.
Information Unit together with Presentations and lectures on

305
the Impacts of Mercury to Waste Deposition and Waste
Human Health, Mercury on Water Treatment.
Dentistry, Hg in Industrial
6.3.3 UNIDO/DENR -EMB
Waste Water Treatment, and
Project:
Environmentally Sound
Mercury Containing Lamp “Implementation of PCB
Wastes Management were Management Programs for
given by Dra. Ma Hortencia Electric Cooperatives (ECs)
Gardose, Officer, Iloilo Medical and Safe E-wastes
Society; Dr. Romeo Magallanes Management”
Jr., Dean, Iloilo Doctor’s The DENR-EMB is
College, College of Dentistry; currently implementing a
Engr. Rex Debuque, Pollution project in the Philippines with
Control Officer of Global U N I D O e n t i t l e d ,
Business Power Corporation; “ Im p l e m e n t a t i o n of PCB
Engr. Allan Biton, Chief Management Programs for
Operations Officer of HgCARE Electric Cooperatives (ECs) and
Wastes Management Services, Safe E-Waste Management
respectively. (PCB/WEEE)”. One of the goals
EMB personnel also of the project is to support the
shared their knowledge to the segregation of PBDE-
participants and gave contaminated plastics from the
informative lectures. Regional general e-waste stream and
Director Dr. Sophie T. Manuel ensure disposal of plastic
gave presentation about wastes and Pb glass from the
Mercury and the Minamata cathode ray tubes (CRTs) from
Convention Sources and Uses; TVs and computers.
Chemical and Hazardous
Waste Permitting Section Together with project
Chief, Ms. Myna Theresa Deles partners, the project organizes e
and staff Engr. Jun Peter G. -waste co ll e ct io n d ri v e s
Dabuco talked about Impacts generated in villages, schools
of Mercury to the Environment and communities. The items
and Mercury Wastes collected will be sent to TSD
Management in the Facility.
Philippines, respectively; and
Engr. Ronald Limua, Chief of
the Environmental Monitoring Examples of e-wastes
and Enforcement Division, accepted by the project are all
lectured about Mercury on worn-out or used electronic
gadgets that runs on electricity,

306
including computer equipment, (CCO) And Small
CRT monitors and TVs, Quantity Importation
Refrigerators, electric fans, and (SQI) Online Process
the like. The collection activity
shall be limited to Waste
Electrical and Electronic In line with the pilot
Equipment (WEEE) or e-wastes, testing last November –
particularly those that contain December 2017 of the OPMS
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers Phase 2 or the online
(PBDEs) such as televisions and permitting for CCOs and SQIs,
co m pu t e r mo n it o r s; Th e please be advised that all
collection of busted lamps and applications shall be submitted
lead acid batteries shall not be and processed through the
allowed. More than 90.7 kilos of
OPMS starting 01 March 2018.
assorted e-waste collected for a
one week collection.
In this regard, please be
informed the industries within
the jurisdiction about the
implementation of OPMS
especially those that are
applying for Importation
Clearance to re-apply their
CCO registration, as soon as
possible. For queries and
clarifications, please call (02)
928-8892 or send your email to
[email protected] for
specific guidance.

6.4 Legislation and Policy

6.4.2 ENVIRONMENTAL
6.4.1 ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT BUREAU
MANAGEMENT BUREAU
(EMB) MEMORANDUM
(EMB) MEMORANDUM
(SIGNED: APRIL 27,
(SIGNED: FEBRUARY 14,
2018)
2018)
Indefinite Deferment of
The Online Processing of
Implementation of The Treatment, Storage, And
Online Permitting and Disposal Facility (TSD) /
Monitoring System Transporter Registration
(OPMS) Phase 2 For Certificate (TRC) For
Chemical Control Order New / Renewal /

307
 The provisions set under Division – hazardous Waste
Revised P ro c e du r e s a n d Ma n a gemen t S ect ion fo r
standards for the management inclusion / updating in the
of hazardous waste (Revising database and recommendation
DAO 2004-36) of the Republic for the approval of the Director.
Act No. 6969, otherwise known The processing will take 15
as the “Toxic Substances and working days including the
Hazardous Waste Control Act of inspection activity for the
1990” (RA 6969), the Regional Offices and 5 working
application for TSD and TRC days for review of completeness,
application would be efficient. database inclusion/updating,
Considering the current state of and approval of the Bureau
the online system where Director
technical issues are more
common to users, this Office
defers the online processing of Further, application
these permits until a permanent submitted through the Online
solution is implemented. Hazardous Waste Manifest
System shall be reverted and
considered as manual. Attached
Consequently, manual is the process flow for the
application for TSD and TRC manual application of TSD and
permits shall take effect. TRC with the same
Applications shall be received, requirements as indicated in
assessed and evaluated by the DAO 2013-22.
Hazardous Waste and
Management Section of the
Regional Offices. After All issuances inconsistent
evaluating the completeness of with this memorandum is
the submitted documents, the hereby repealed, rescinded or
Regional office shall then modified accordingly.
conduct an inspection of the of
the firm / facility and if found 6.4.3 ENVIRONMENTAL
consistent and compliant with
MANAGEMENT BUREAU
the declaration of the (EMB) MEMORANDUM
submission , it shall be (SIGNED: SEPTEMBER
recommended for payment. 4, 2018)
Upon receipt of payment, the
inspection report and all other Indefinite Suspension of
documents shall be endorsed to The Operationalization
the Office of the Director thru of The Online Hazardous
Waste Manifest System
the Environmental Quality

308
 This has reference to the for action by EMB shall
indefinite suspension on the continually be processed by the
operationalization of the Online concerned office.
Hazardous Waste Manifest
The Policy, Planning and
System. The following formats
Program Development Division
will be followed for the manual
through its Statistics and
numbering of HW Generator /
Information System
Transporter / TSD Registration Management Section shall
Certificate, Permit to Transport provide appropriate support
and Manifest. and guidance to users and
ensures a ccess of EMB
Permit to Transport (PTT) Authorized personnel to aid the
and Manifest will be issued by said system.
the EMB Regional Office that
6.4.5 DENR AO NO. 2019-17
has jurisdiction over the TSD
CHEMICAL CONTROL
Facility and Generator,
ORDER (CCO) FOR
respectively.
A R S E N I C A N D
6.4.4 ENVIRONMENTAL COMPOUNDS (SIGNED:
MANAGEMENT BUREAU NOVEMBER 08, 2019)
(EMB) MEMORANDUM
(SIGNED: NOVEMBER 6,
2018) The Order aims to reduce
the risk of exposure to human
Indefinite Deferment of
health and the environment of
The Online Processing of
arsenic and arsenic compounds
Importer Registry and
used in industrial processes;
Importation Clearance
Increase awareness about the
Applications for
toxicity of arsenic and its
Recyclable Materials
compounds, as well as the
Containing Hazardous
Substances. availability of technically
superior and safer alternatives
In line with effort to further and develop the framework for
improve delivery of service of the proper implementation of
bu rea u , a pplica t io n s fo r appropriate prevention-based
Importer Registry and programs to mitigate, reduce
Importation Clearance for and eliminate risks from the
Recyclable Materials Containing use of arsenic and arsenic
Hazardous Substances are compoun ds; and provide
reverted to manual processing guidelines to identify potential
effective immediately. However, arsenic release/exposure in
applications that were
industrial facilities to reduce
submitted online and pending
workers’ arsenic exposure.

309
6.4.6 DENR AO NO. 2019-18 and ensure the proper use of
POLYMERS AND all imported Cyanide and
POLYMER OF LOW Cyanide compounds and to
CONCERN (PLC) ensure that risks to human
EXEMPTION FROM THE health and the environment
PRE-MANUFACTURE are managed properly.
A N D P R E -
I M P O R T A T I O N
NOTIFICATION (PMPIN) 6.4.8 EMB MC NO. 2019-006
PROCESS (SIGNED: IMPLEMENTATION OF
NOVEMBER 08, 2019) ONLINE PROCESSING
AND MONITORING OF
CHEMICAL CONTROL
The Order aims to provide O R D E R ( C C O )
guidelines for granting PMPIN REGISTRATION
exemption to importers and CERTIFICATES, CCO
manufacturers of Polymers and I M P O R T A T I O N
PLC. CLEARANCES, PRE-
S H I P M E N T
I M P O R T A T I O N
6.4.7 EMB MC NO. 2019-002 CLEARANCES (PSIC),
CLARIFICATIONS TO SMALL QUANTITY
THE REGISTRATION IMPORTATION (SQI)
AND IMPORTATION CLEARANCES AND
C L E A R A N C E OZONE DEPLETING
REQUIREMENTS FOR SUBSTANCES (ODS)
CHEMICAL CONTROL ALTERNATIVES
ORDER FOR CYANIDE (SIGNED: MAY 20,
A N D C YA N I DE 2019)
COMPOUNDS UNDER
D E N R
ADMINISTRATIVE The Circular aims to
ORDER NO. 97-39 improve and strengthen the
(SIGNED: MARCH 26, processing and monitoring of
2019) applications by employing the
Online Pe rmitting and
Monitoring System (OPMS) for
The Circular applies to all the Certificates and
existing CCO for Cyanide and Importation Clearances..
Cyanide compounds registered
firms and firms applying for
registration in order to track

310
6 .4 .9 ENV IRONMENTAL that is needed to be considered
M A N A G E M E N T when applying as a clustered
BUREAU (EMB) establishment or as a
M E M O R A N D U M establishment with tenants
(SIGNED: DECEMBER such as malls or building
9, 2019) owners.

Updated Registration
Requirements for 6.4.11. ENVIRONMENTAL
Hazardous Waste MANAGEMENT BUREAU
Generators (EMB) MEMORANDUM
OPERATIONALIZATION
OF THE ONLINE
This has reference to the HAZARDOUS WASTE
agreement reached during the MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Regional Director’s Meeting on (HWMS) (SIGNED: JUNE
12-15 November wherein 1, 2020)
Hazardous Waste Generators
(HWG) registration shall be a
Submission and processing
stand-alone and the
of Hazardous Waste
submission of other
Registration for Generator ID,
environment permits shall no
Permit to Transport and
longer be required.
Manifest shall be made
t h r o u g h h t t p s : / /
hwms.emb.gov.ph starting June
6.4.10. MEMORANDUM
01, 2020. All registrations not
CIRCULAR 2020-19
yet transferred to the new
CLAR IF ICATOR Y
online system should re-register
GUID ANCE ON THE
using the above link. This
I S S U A N C E O F
application will be essential for
HAZARDOUS WASTE
the transport and disposal of
GENERATOR ID (HWG)
Hazardous Wastes from its
R E G I S T R AT I O N FOR
source (referred to as
MALLS OR COMMERCIAL
Generator). Please be advised
BUILDING OWNERS AND
that the system requires
C L U S T E R E D
company profile registration
ESTABLISHMENTS
through Company Registration
(SIGNED: APRIL 20,
System (CRS) (https://
2020)
iis.emb.gov.ph/crs).

This Memorandum
Circular states the guidelines

311
6.4.12. ENVIRONMENTAL (EMB) MEMORANDUM
MANAGEMENT BUREAU APPLICATION OF CCO
(EMB) MEMORANDUM REGISTRATIONS AND
MANUAL ISSUANCE OF I M P O R T A T I O N
SPECIAL PERMIT TO C L E A R A N C E
TRANSPORT (SPTT) FOR CER TI FICATI ON FOR
THE TRANSPORT, ARSENIC AND ITS
TREATMENT AND COMPOUNDS THROUGH
D I S P O S A L O F OPMS (SIGNED:
HEALTHCARE (M501) SEPTEMBER 25, 2020)
WASTES GENERATED
BY THE INTER-AGENCY
TASK FORCE (IATF) Pursuant to DENR AO
D E S I G N A T E D 2019-17 placing Arsenic and its
TEMPORARY COVID -19 compounds under Chemical
Q U A R A N T I N E Control Order (CCO), EMB MC
FACILITIES (SIGNED 2019-006 implementing the
AUGUST 4, 2020) processing of chemical permits
and clearances under CCO
through the Online Permitting
In the interest of public and Monitoring System (OPMS),
safety to address the continuous and the recent full integration of
generation of healthcare (M501) the same CCO for Arsenic and
wastes from the IATF designated Arsenic compounds into the
temporary Covid-19 quarantine OPMS, all EMB Regional Offices
facilities and ensure its safe are hereby advised to require all
transport for proper treatment imp or ters, man uf ac tur ers,
and disposal, the manual distributors, industrial users,
issuance of Special Permit to laboratory facilities and waste
Tr a n s p o r t ( S P T T) to be service providers to apply and
processed and issued by secure the necessary CCO
respective Regional Offices permits through the OPMS
having jurisdiction over the TSD starting 21 July 2020. All
Facilities is hereby authorized. applications processed
manually entered before the
the guidelines that is needed to
said date will still be considered
be considered when applying as
for processing and permits will
a clustered establishment or as
be issued if found compliant
a establishment with tenants
with all CCO requirements;
such as malls or building
nonetheless, they will be given
owners.
one (1) year from the issuance of
6.4.13. ENVIRONMENTAL permit to comply with the online
MANAGEMENT BUREAU requirement.

312
6.4.14. ENVIRONMENTAL the importation, manufacture,
MANAGEMENT BUREAU handling processing, storage,
(EMB) MEMORANDUM sale, distribution, use and
SUBSTANCES AND disposal of chemical substances
COMPOUNDS THAT and mixtures that present
DOES NOT DISSOCIATE unreasonable risk and/or
CN IONS ARE NOT injury to human health and the
COVERED BY DAO 1997 environment; to prohibit entry,
-39 WHILE REGULATED even in transit of hazardous
CYANIDE COMPOUNDS and nuclear waste and their
ARE LISTED IN THE disposal into the Philippine
UPDATED ANNEX A territorial limits for whatever
(SIGNED: OCTOBER 21, purpose. Pursuant to this policy
2020) statement, this order aims to
reduce the risk of exposure to
h u ma n h ea lt h a n d t h e
In accordance with the environment of cadmium
definition in DENR AO 1997-39 compounds used in industrial
or the Chemical Control Order processes. Increase the
(CCO) for Cyanide and its awareness in the toxicity of
Compounds that Cyanide Cadmium compounds and the
means “any substance availability of technical superior
containing the cyanide ion, CN-, and safe alternatives. Ensure
as found in metallic cyanide the proper implementation of
and hydrogen cyanide”, please the existing framework and
be in fo rmed th at ot her appropriate prevention-based
substances and compounds programs to mitigate, reduce
containing the Cyano group and eliminate risks from
with very low potential of cadmium compound and lastly
dissociating into Cyanide anion to provide guidelines to identify
are not covered by the said potential cadmium compounds
CCO. release/exposure in industrial
facilities.
6.4.15. DENR AO NO. 2021-08
CHEMICAL CONTROL 6.4.17. D E N R
ORDER (CCO) FOR ADMINISTRATIVE
CADMIUM COMPOUNDS ORDER 2021-14
(SIGNED: MAY 6, 2021) (SIGNED: MAY 24, 2021)

Amendmen t of Some
It is the policy of the state
Provisions of DAO 2010-06-
to regulate, restrict or prohibit
Guidelines on the Use of

313
Alternative Fuels and Raw
All dealers, resellers, and
Materials in Cement Kilns
retailers who are engaged in
specifically on Section 5 which trading, selling, distribution of
states that Waste Materials Not the above-mentioned chemical
Acceptable for Co-Processing – substances must register with
Any waste materials with the EMB Regional Office through
impacts on kiln operation that OPMS that has jurisdiction over
them for a determination of their
fail to pass the waste acceptance capability in handling and using
criteria shall not be accepted for the same. Such registration is
Co-Processing. on a per enterprise or site-
specific basis, and not on a per
chemical basis. A certificate of
6.4.18. ENVIRONMENTAL registration will be granted or
MANAGEMENT BUREAU r en ewed on ly wh en th e
applicant can show proof that
(EMB) MEMORANDUM they have ample knowledge as
CIRCULAR NO. 2021-11 well as capability to take
REGISTRATION OF effective measures, including the
SERVICE PROVIDERS necessary equipment,
OF OZONE DEPLETING tec h n o l o gy , tr ai ni n g and
infrastructure, to responsibly
SUBSTANCE (ODS)
handle these substances and
USING EQUIPMENT p os si bl e r eus e o f th es e
(SIGNED: JULY 1, 2021) substances, minimizing their
emissions, and phasing-down
their use by replacing them with
This Memorandum Circular
substitutes or alternatives duly
covers all persons, natural or
recognized by the Bureau.
juridical, who are engaged in
servicing refrigeration and air-
conditioning equipment both on
mobile and stationary and in
any cooling, capacity using 6.4.20. ENVIRONMENTAL
regulated ODS. All persons, MANAGEMENT BUREAU
natural or juridical, who are (EMB) MEMORANDUM
engaged in servicing CIRCULAR NO. 2021-
refrigeration and air conditioning
004) DELEGATION OF
equipment must register with
the DENR EMB-Regional Office AUTHORITY TO THE
who has jurisdiction over the EMB REGIONAL
area of operation and/or OFFICES TO ISSUE
principal office of their business. CERTIFICATION FOR
THE REGISTRATION
6.4.19. DENR AO NO. 2021-31
AND I MP O R T A T I O N
CHEMICAL CONTROL
CLEARANCE OF LEAD
O R D E R ( C C O )
AND LEAD COMPOUNDS
HYDROFLUOROCARBON
(SIGNED: MAY 13, 2022)
S (HFCs) (SIGN ED:
OCTOBER 13, 2021)

314
 Fo r t h e pu rpo se o f
improving and strengthening
the processing and monitoring
of the applications of CCO for
Lead and Lead Compounds, this
Memorandum Circular aims to
delegate the evaluation of
applications for CCO for Lead
and Lead Compounds
Registration and
importation Clearances to the
Regional Offices.

The regist ra tion and

importation clearance
applications for the CCO of Lead
and Lead Compounds shall still
be processed through the
Online Permitting and
Monitoring System (OPMS). This
is in line with EMB
Memorandum Circular 2019-
006, "Implementation of Online
Processing and Monitoring of
Chemical Control Order (CCO)
Registration Certificates, CCO
Importation Clearances, Pre-
shipment Importation
Clearances (PSIC), Small
Quantity Importation (SQI)
Clearances and Ozone Depleting
Substances (ODS) Alternatives".

315
 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
System
7.1 Environmental
Compliance Certificate and Memorandum Circular (MC)
Certificate of Non-Coverage No.2015-003 (“Implementation of
Issuances Online processing of Certificate of
Non- Coverage (CNC) Applications
Consistent with the for Category D Projects under the
principles of sustainable Philippine Environmental Impact
development, it is the policy of Statement System”) issued on
the DENR to implement a January 20, 2015 respectively.
systems-oriented and integrated
approach to the EIS system to
ensure a rational balance With the implementation
between socio-economic of MC No. 2022-002,
development and environmental
“Streamlining for Securing ECC
protection for the benefit of
present and future generations for Projects Requiring an IEE
(EMB-EIAMD, 2007). Checklist with Auto-Approval
and/or Denial Within the Twenty
(20) Days Processing Through the
In a cco rda n ce w ith EMB Online System”,
Presidential Decree No. 1586 requirements of ECC
(“Philippine Environmental applications requiring IEE
Impact Statement System”), the
Checklist have been streamlined
EMB through its Regional
Offices, is authorized to and procedures have been
implement existing and new simplified and streamlined to
policies in reviewing and meet the twenty(20) working
evaluating projects prior to the days requirement pursuant to
issuance of an Environmental RA 11032, “The Ease of Doing
Compliance Certificate (ECC). Business and Efficient
Government Service Delivery Act
Online processing of of 2018”.
applications for Environmental
Compliance Certificate and
Certificate of Non-Coverage are Further, applications for
still being observed. Projects Category B (requiring an
under Category B (requiring IEE Environmental Impact Statement
Checklist) and Category D are document) and Category C
still processed through the (Environmental Enhancement)
online processing system in projects are still being processed
accordance with Memorandum manually by the Regional Office.
Circular No. 2015-008
(“Implementation of Online However, pursuant to EMB
Processing of Environmental -MC No. 2020-24,
Compliance Certificate for “Implementation of Online
Category B Projects requiring Processing of Certificate of Non
Initial Environmental Coverage (CNC) Applications for
Examination (IEE) Checklist Category D projects under the
Report Forms (new and single Philippine Environmental Impact
component) under the PEISS”) Statement System (PEISS)”,
issued on June 09, 2015 and issued on June 1, 2020 and in

317
line with RA 11032, “Ease of Figure 7.1 presents the
Doing Business and Efficient trend for the last five years of
Government Service Delivery Act ECC issuances per province from
of 2018”, all category D projects CY 2018 to CY 2022. Based on
shall be processed automatically the figure above, issuances from
through the CNC Online System. the Provinces of Antique and
Aklan decreased from CY 2021-
2022 while issuances from the
Furthermore, in order to Provinces of Iloilo and Guimaras
provide alternative modes of decreased from CY 2020-2021.
public participation specifically Moreover, issuances from the
for public scoping, public provinces of Negros Occidental,
consultation and public hearing Iloilo, and Capiz had a
in the EIA process without significant increase from CY
endangering the life, health and
safety of the stakeholders 2021-2022.
concerned during the COVID-19 Furthermore, Table 7.1
pandemic, EMB MC 2020-30, shows that within the five-year
“Interim guidelines on Public period, CY 2019 had the most
Participation in the number of issued ECCs. The
Implementation of PEISS during
significant decrease on the
the State of National Public
Health Emergency” was issued number of ECC issuances from
on July 28, 2020. The said CY 2019-2021 may be attributed
memorandum covers only to the temporary stoppage of
projects under Category B that operation and imposed
are required to submit an restrictions brought by the Covid
Environmental Impact -19 Pandemic on the same year.
Statement document that needs However, there was a significant
to be reviewed by the Third- increase in the ECC issuances in
Party experts wherein the most of the provinces in Region 6
proponent shall undertake from CY 2021-2022.
consultations with the projects’
major stakeholders concerned
through focus group discussions
Table 7.1 Total Number of ECC
by sector following social
distancing or consultation issued per Province (CY 2018 -
through online channels such as CY 2022)
video conferencing, webinar, etc.

As of December 31, 2022,

the EMB Regional Office has
Figure 7.1 ECC Issuances per
issued a total of 559 ECCs: 547
Province for CY 2018-2022
were processed through the ECC
online processing system and 12

318
were processed manually at the The Mineral Extraction
Regional Office by submission of projects remain to be the
an EIS document. project type issued with the
highest number of ECCs
comprising 49.37% of the total
Based on Table 7.2, the issuances with 276 ECCs
number of ECC issuances issued. In relation thereto,
increased by 11.78% percent Sand and Gravel quarrying
from 501 issuances on CY 2021 projects comprise 86.95 percent
to 560 issuances on CY 2022. of mineral extraction project
type with 240 ECCs issued.
Non -metallic mining or
Figure 7.1 shows that quarrying involving the
among the provinces in Region extraction of ordinary earth,
6, the province of Negros limestone, and basalt rock
Occidental was issued the most materials were issued with a
number of ECCs with 211 ECCs total of 36 ECCs for CY 2022.
comprising 37.74% of the total
issuances. This is followed by the
province of Iloilo with 166 ECCs The industry type with the
comprising 29.69% of the total second highest number of ECCs
issuances while the province of that was issued is for General
Aklan comprises 9.12% of the En gin eerin g Co n st ru ct ion
total issuances with 51 ECCs projects specifically those
issued. Further, 59 ECCs were involving the widening,
issued to projects located within rehabilitation and/or
the province of Antique and 61 construction of roads and
ECCs were issued in the bridges comprising of about
Province of Capiz. The least ECC 12.34% of the total issuances.
issuance was within the The proponent to whom most of
province of Guimaras wherein these ECCs were issued is with
only 11 ECCs were issued to the Department of Public Works
projects located in the said and Highways.
province comprising only 1.96%
of the total issuances for CY
2022. ECC issuance for gasoline
station projects attributed to a
total of 51 ECCs comprising to
9.12%. The said project is the
third industry type to be issued
with the most ECCs for CY
2022.

Moreover, 44 ECCs were

issued to residential building
construction projects which is
Figure 7.2 Total Number of mostly concentrated within the
ECC issued per Province for province of Negros. Hotels,
CY 2022 motels, and other lodging places
were issued with a total of 43

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 ECCs which is still within the Figure 7.3 shows the
province of Negros Occidental. distribution of ECC issuance for
Hog raising projects were issued mineral extraction projects by
with 10 ECCs, slaughtering province for CY 2022. Among the
projects were issued with 10 provinces in Region VI, the
ECCs, while poultry projects province of Negros Occidental
were issued with 9 ECCs. has the highest percentage of
Mineral Extraction projects
issued with ECC for CY 2022
The following industry types comprising of 32.61 percent of
were also issued with ECCs: ten the total issuance. This is
(10) for public and private followed by the province of Iloilo
hospitals, sanitaria and other with 27.90 percent of the total
similar activities; seven(7) for issued ECC for the mentioned
waterworks and supply projects; project type. The province of
seven(7) for construction of other Antique constitutes 16.67
utility projects such as solar percent, 11.59 % from the
power plants and submarine province of Aklan, and 10.51%
cable network projects, and seven percent from the province of
(7) for repair and maintenance of Capiz while the province of
motor vehicles and collection of Guimaras had the least number
hazardous waste projects. The of issuances comprising 0.72%
lowest ECC issuance for CY 2022 of the total issued ECCs for
were for the following project mineral extraction project.
types wherein only one to two
ECCs were issued for each
project: waste collection and Number of Projects issued with
disposal, ice plant, manufacture Certificate of Non-Coverage
of beverages, ice and cold storage,
operation of freshwater fishpond,
manufacture of pharmaceuticals, There are projects that
medicinal chemical and botanical a lt hou gh lo cat ed in an
products, rice and corn milling, Environmentally Critical Area,
manufacture of prepared animal are not covered by Presidential
feeds, and manufacture of non- Decree (P.D.) 1586 or known as
metallic mineral products. the Philippine Environmental
Impact Statement (EIS) System.
As provided for in DAO 2003-
30, amended by MC 2014-005,
projects that are within an
Environmentally Critical Area
(ECA) but deemed unlikely to
cause significant adverse impact
on the quality of the environment
are not covered by the Philippine
EIS System and are therefore not
required to secure an ECC. For
projects not covered, a Certificate
Figure 7.3 Distribution of ECC of Non-Coverage (CNC) is issued.
Issued for Mineral Extraction
Projects by Province: 2021

320
 There are two types of within Region 6. Within the five
projects that are issued with a -year period, CY 2022 had the
CNC: Category C projects or highest CNC issuance while CY
those intended to directly 2018 had the least number of
enhance the quality of the issued CNCs.
environment or directly address
existing environmental
problems and Category D 8 .2 Be st P r ac ti c e s in
projects or those projects or Environmental Performance
undertakings that are deemed
unlikely to cause significant
adverse impact on the quality Starting April 2001, MMT
of the environment according to clustering was established per
parameters set in the screening Province. Permits for quarry
guidelines. Both project types projects are issued by the
Province while MPPs are issued
are being evaluated, reviewed
by the Mines and Geosciences
and approved by the Regional Bureau of the Region. MMT
Offices. Projects considered Compliance monitoring is
under Category C are conducted and the CMR was
processed manually with the modified to suffice reports of
Regional Office while those MMT in relation to ECC
under Category D are c o n d i t io n s / p e r m i t s . E a c h
processed online through the member of the MMT has his/her
CNC Online processing system. tool in the conduct of the said
activity.

Table 7.2 Total of Certificate

of Non-Coverage (CNC) Issued T h e E M B a n d
by Province: 2018-2021 representatives from Iloilo
Province are the ones who
validate/monitor the terms and
conditions of the ECC or Permit
issued for quarry projects
located in the province of Iloilo.

Meanwhile, tree planting

activities are undertaken by the
Permittee or Quarry Operator
Table 7.2 shows the CNC representatives in coordination
issued per Province from CY with NGOs and DENR-CENRO
2018-2022. For the last five as part of the proponent’s Social
years, the CNC issuance Dev elo pm en t Ma n a g em en t
increased from CY 2018 to CY Program (SDMP).
2019 but started to decrease in
CY 2020. However, the figures
significantly increased starting Instead of the quarterly
CY 2020 with 1,972 issuances, monitoring, the province of Iloilo
conducts or initiates MMT every
3, 029 issuance in CY 2021
month and the reports are
until it has reached 4,086 in
consolidated every quarter. The
CY 2022. The CNC issuances in MMT reports serve as basis for
all the Provinces in Region 6 issuance of NOVs for those that
continuously increased from are non-compliant with the

321
conditions stipulated in the
5. Memorandum Circular
ECCs issued. However, MMT for
certain projects were abolished No. 2015-008 dated
under DENR Administrative June 09, 2015,
Order 2017-15 or Guidelines on “Implementation of
Public Participation under the Online Processing of
Philippine EIS System. E n v i r o n m e n t a l
Compliance Certificate
for Category B Projects
8.3 Guidelines, Policies and requiring Initial
Challenges E n v i r o n m e n t a l
Examination (IEE)
Checklist Report Forms
8.3.1 Guidelines and Policies (new and single
The following guidelines and component) under the
policies are still implemented P E I S S ;
with regards to the
implementation of P.D. 1586: 6. MC No. 2015-009 was
issued on August 04,
2015, “Processing and
1. DENR Administrative
Issuance of ECC for
Order (DAO) 2003-30
Category B Project,”
“Implementing Rules and
wherein for projects with
regulations of PD 1586”;
multiple component and
those with expansion/
2. Memorandum Circular modification, the
No 2017-002 “Revised application shall be
Procedural Manual for coursed through EMB-
DAO 2003-30”; EIA Central Office for
encoding in the EIA
3. Memorandum Circular Information System, and
(MC) 2014-005 “Revised manual processing be
Guidelines for Coverage done in the Regional
S creenin g an d l e v e l ;
S t a n d a r d i z e d
Requirements under the 7. DMO 2016-001 “Audit of
Philippine EIS System”; All Operating Mines and
Moratorium on New
4. Memorandum Circular Mining Projects” issued
(MC) No. 2015-003 was la st Ju ly 8, 2016
issued on January 20, implementing the
2015 “Implementation of moratorium on mining
online processing of p r o j e c t s ;
Ce rt if ica t e o f No n -
Coverage (CNC) 8. January 4, 2017
Applications for Category “Moratorium and
D Projects under Clearance in the Issuance
Philippine Environmental of Environmental
Impact Statement System Compliance Certificates”
(PEISS); clarifying the moratorium

322
 imposed by DMO 2016- quarry resources from the
01 which includes the m in in g mo ra t o r iu m ”
acceptance, processing quarry resources such as
and/o r appro val o f limestone, aggregates and
applications for ECC in other related materials are
connection with mining excluded from the scope of
applications or mining the moratorium under
tenements such as the DMO 2016-01;
Declaration of Mining
Feasibility Study,
12. DAO 20017-15 dated May
Expansion of mining
2, 2017 Guidelines on
facilities and Industrial
Public Participation under
Sand and Gravel Permit
the PEISS;
Application. Further,
projects such as non-
renewable energy, 13. DAO 2017-04 dated
monoculture plantation Feb ru a r y 15, 20 17
over 5 hectares, genetic “Amendment of DAO No.
modification, reclamation 2016-07 dated May 19,
or land restoration and 2016 on manual of
projects using persistent authorities on technical
organic pollutants are matters” approving
required to s e cu r e authority for Non-ECP but
clea ra n ce fro m th e within ECA projects
Secretary prior to the approval shall be by the
issuance of an ECC; Secretary upon
recommendation of EMB
Director as concurred by
9. Memorandum dated
the Undersecretary for
January 13, 2017
Legal Affairs; and
transferring to concerned
EMB Regional offices the
evaluation and issuance 14. DAO 2017-18 dated July
of CNC for Category D 3, 2017 Suspension of
projects starting January DAO 2017-04 dated
17, 2017; ||February 15, 2017
“Amendment of DAO No.
2016-07 dated May 19,
10. M e m o r a n d u m dated
2016 on manual of
February 21, 2017 from
authorities on technical
the office of the EMB
matters” wherein approval
Director directing the
of ECC shall proceed
conduct of site inspection
pursuant to AO No. 42
or verification within 10
Series of 2002 and DAO
days from issuance of
2016-07 (approval by EMB
ECC and CNC online;
Regional Directors).

11. M e m o r a n d u m Order
15. Memo randu m 2018 - 02
2017-01 dated March 10,
dated June 27, 2018
2017 “ex clu sio n o f

323
 Moratorium on all 19. Memorandum Circular
Constructions of any No. 2020-18 dated April
kind and suspension of 20, 2020 “Adoption of
issuance of permits and DENR Administrative
other licenses in Boracay Order No. 2019-16 for
Island suspending E n v i r o n m e n t a l
issuance of DENR Compliance Certificate
permits including but not (ECC) Processing of Non-
limited to ECC and Tree Environmentally Critical
Cutting Permit that shall Projects (NON-ECP)
take effect during the under the Build, Build,
closure period; Build Program of the
Government” requiring all
EMB Regional Offices to
16. Memorandum Circular
create an internal review
2018-14 dated October 5,
committee to be led by
2018 “Lifting of the
the Clearance and
Suspension of All ECC in
Permitting Division;
the Island of Boracay
u n d e r D E N R
Memorandum Circular 20. Memorandum Circular
No. 2018-03” authorizing No. 2020-23 issued on
EMB Regional Office 6 to May 28, 2020,
lift the suspension of “Clarification on the
ECCs of all complying Requirements of Waste-to
h o t e l s a n d -Energy (WtE) Projects
establishments in the Relative to ECC
s a i d i s l a n d Application Pursuant to
DAO 2019-21” wherein
17. Memorandum Circular waste-to-energy projects,
2019-003 “Updated regardless of the power
Guidelines in the generating capacity, are
Processing and Issuance now covered by the
of ECC for Category B Environmental Impact
Projects” wherein Statement System and
processing and approval are now required to
of ECCs were limited to 7 secure an Environmental
working days and Compliance Certificate
abolishing third party (ECC).
reviewers and review
funds;

21. Memorandum Circular

No. 2020-27 issued on
18. Memorandum Circular June 17, 2020, “Project
2019-009 dated Threshold for Extraction
November 25, 2019 of Non-Metallic
“Harmonization on the Resources Applying for
Implementation of EMB E n v i r o n m e n t a l
MC No. 2019-003” which Compliance Certificate
held in abeyance the (ECC)” adjusting the

324
 t h r e sh o ld fo r n o n - E n v i r o n m e n t a l
metallic resources; Compliance Certificate
(ECC) Pursuant to DENR
Administrative No. 30
22. Memorandum dated July
Series of 2003” providing
6, 2020, “Implementation
guidelines in filing of
of the auto-forwarding
feature of the online extension for the five-year
validity of ECC and clarify
application systems”
requirements to proponent
wherein all registered
casehandlers shall be requesting extension; and
designated as default
receivers and the system 25. Memorandum Circular No.
shall automatically 2021-05 issued on April
assigns in sequence 14, 2021, “Documentary
(round-robin) to Requirements for Minor
casehandlers the newly Amendment (Non-
submitted applications T e c h n i c a l ) o f
for screening; E n v i r o n m e n t a l
Compliance Certificate
(ECC) under the Philippine
23. Memorandum Circular
Environmental Impact
No. 2020-30 issued on
July 28, 2020, Statement System (PEISS).
“Interim Guidelines on
Public Participation in 8.3.2 Challenges
the Implementation of the
Philippine Environmental
Impact Statement System One of the challenges
(PD 1586) during the encountered during the CY 2021
State of National Public for the implementation of P.D.
Health Emergency” 1586 was the implementation of
providing alternative the auto-forwarding feature of
modes of public the online applications systems
participation specifically wherein all registered
for public scoping, public casehandlers are designated as
consultation and public default receivers and the system
hearing in the EIA a u t o ma t ica ll y a ssi gn s in
process without sequence (round-robin) to
endangering the life, casehandlers the newly
health and safety of the submitted applications for
stakeholders concerned screening. This feature also
during the COVID-19 automatically forwards the
Pandemic; application to the next reviewer
once the evaluation time has
already lapsed. Due to the
24. Memorandum Circular number of applications received
No. 2020-31 issued on and returned to the Regional
July 28, 2020, Office and the limited manpower
“Guidelines on the (5) evaluating these projects, there
Year Validity of was a difficulty in keeping up

325
 with the prescribed timeframe.
The automatic issuance of
order of payment and
forwarding of applications to
the next evaluator once it is
already beyond the prescribed
t imefra me wa s a grea t
challenge to the case handler
and to the whole EIA section.
In addition, virtual meetings
during the review of the
submitted EIS document was
also a challenge to the Review
Committee and the EIA
casehandlers considering that
the flow of the procedure is
dependent on the internet
connection.

Furthermore, the COVID-

19 pandemic has affected the
accomplishments of the EIA
section since some of the
individual targets were not able
to achieve. For CY 2021, the
Regional Office was able to
receive a total of 456 new ECC
online applications, an increase
of 3.17% from CY 2020 with 442
received applications.

326
 Environmental Education
Environmental Education DepEd, CHED, TESDA,
provides prio rity to the and strategic educators’
campaign of the Bureau in the networks.
dispersal of knowledge and 6. Creation of factsheets,
information drive in the region. newsletters, and press
With the various programs releases.
getting the attention of the 7. D e v e l o p m e n t and
public, crucial environmental dissemination of
information and ways of environmental primers and
managing it are secured. Thus, brochures, calendars, and
the aspect of educating each other educational
from the grassroots proves to be merchandise.
an important role in the 8. Phased implementation of
management of resources. the National Education Action
Plan on:
This way, the
Environmental Management A. Environmental
Bureau cements its mandate of education in the
promoting environmental
formal and non-
awareness especially among the
formal sectors.
youth.
B. Institutional and
human resources
The following are the major
capacity building in
tasks:
environmental
1. National information, education.
education, and C. N e t w o r k i n g ,
communication program collaboration, and
implementation support. communication for
2. Environmental education the environment.
and social mobilization.
9. Conduct of special events
3. Production of multimedia
for the national
materials such as
environmental celebration.
environmental education
10. Preparation of annual
modules, handbooks,
state of Regional and
video documentaries, etc.
National Brown
4. Organization of trainings,
Environment Report.
seminars, workshops, and
lectures to different With the society getting back
stakeholders. to its shape, environmental
5. Uphold partnerships with education can also return to its

329
old ways of immersing itself to 8.1 Environmental Education
the people. Although we see that Programs by the Department
technological advancement can of Education, Technical
be of big help in the seamless Education and Skills
process of information Development Authority and
Commission on Higher
dissemination, the in-person
Education, Department of
immersion and communication
Science and Technology,
prove to be an efficient way of Department of Interior and
gathering perspective. This leads Local Government and
to be a solution to Philippine Information Agency
misunderstanding and
interpersonal letdowns. 8.1.1 DepEd
The connection between the
The Department of
environment and humankind Education (DepEd) integrated
continues to be stronger year concepts on climate change and
after year, thus, there is still the disaster risk reduction
sense of necessity and management in selected subjects
respon sibilit y to pro mot e under the basic education
environmental consciousness. curriculum. DepEd, through the
schools all over the region,
With that, the Environmental actively initiated environmental
Education and Information Unit education and information
perseveres to deliver quality campaign not only to the
programs to ensure that students but also to their
information and awareness are parents and community people.
both streamlined after each It has also initiated activities on
initiative. environmental education in the
formal and non-formal education
Moving forward, the unit sees sectors. It also integrated the
itself combining modern and Gulayan sa Paaralan, Solid
grassroot approaches. The unit Waste Management and Tree
sees this purpose as the Planting under the National
foundation of every program of Greening Program based on
the Bureau as it touches every Department Order (DO) No. 5, s.
belief of the region’s citizenry. 2014.
There are a lot of concerned DepEd also issues the
individuals waiting to be moved mandated programs, projects
by such actions of the Bureau. and activities, various forms and
Gaining each person’s heart to targets pertinent to the Youth for
equally manage and protect the the Environment in Schools
resources means doing more in (YES) program.
our obligation to preserve this
environment which has offered DO 52, s. 2011 -
itself and its resources to each Strengthening Environmental
steward living. Education in Public and Private
Schools - In view of the pressing
global concerns and issues on
the environment, the

330
Depa rt men t o f Edu ca tion climate change and global
(DepEd) urges all public and warming.
private schools to lead the role
on environmental awareness by DO 72, s. 2003 -
enhancing environmental Establishment of the Youth for
education and by pursuing Environment in Schools (YES)
effective school-based activities Organization - Relative to the
that seek to preserve and protect holding of the 2003 Youth for
the environment. Environment Summer (YES)
Camp last April 30-May 4, 2003,
DO 82, s. 2010 – Reiteration one of the concrete resolutions
of Related Implementing and actions adopted by the
Guidelines on Climate Change entire delegation from all over
Adaptation and Disaster Risk the country is the establishment
Reduction (CCADRR) at the of a school-based co-curricular
organization which will serve as
School Levels – To support the
a significant venue for students’
government’s thrusts to
actions and movements toward
safeguard, protect and conserve safeguarding, protecting and
the environment in order to conserving the environment for
arrest the impact of climate future generations.
change, this Department shall
reiterate and revitalize the 8.1.2 CHED
implementation of the following
programs and projects in all The Commission on Higher
schools at both levels effective SY Education (CHED) enjoined all
higher education institutions to
2010 – 2011 and onwards.
integrate environmental
DO 33, s. 2008 - education in the curriculum
Responding to the Threats of particularly the Civic Welfare
Climate Change and Global and Training Service component
Warming Through Massive, of the National Service Training
Intensive and Sustained Tree- Program (CWTS-NSTP).
Planting, Tree-Growing and Tree-
With the realization of the
Caring Program - The
need for individuals to have
Department of Education is
proper training on environment,
embarking on massive, intensive the CHED, in cooperation with
and sustained tree-planting, tree it s Tech n ica l Pa n el an d
- g ro w in g a n d t re e - ca rin g Technical Committees,
activities throughout the school rationalized the Bachelor of
year annually involving pupils, Science in Environmental
students, teachers, school heads Science (BS ES). Further, CHED
or principals, supervisors and underscores the inclusions of
officials. These tree-planting, tree subjects in safety, waste
-g ro win g a n d t re e - ca rin g management and environmental
activities are part of the civic law to other Science Programs
duty of every citizen to help in such as BS Chemistry and BS
the global challenge to combat Biology. Environmental

331
Engineering has also been a wide range of research and
integrated under the Basic development programs and
Engineering subject of all projects such as on industrial
engineering programs curricula. waste materials, heavy metal
contamination, mineral
In the region, CHED also production, assessment of soil
promotes various environmental conservation, development of
activities and programs such as different products like nanofiber
Tree Planting, Coastal clean-up, membrane for wastewater
anti-smoking campaigns. treatment and coco peat filter
bed for treatment of heavy
8.1.3 TESDA metals, among others.

In Region 6, the Technical DOST has also been

Education and Skills involved in advocacy activities to
Development Authority (TESDA), promote environmental
through its few schools of arts awareness. Several IEC materials
and centers undertook and has to include environmental issues
produced the following: and concerns have been
developed in the form of
• Orientation on Climate
publication, modules, pamphlets
Change and Global
an d even co mpu ter -a ided
Warming
instructional materials.
• Clean and Green Programs
• Housekeeping 8.1.5 DILG

• Waste Management The Department of Interior

• Tree Planting and Local Government envisions
environment-protective, climate
change adaptive and disaster-
8.1.4 DOST resilient LGUs, a condition where
LGUs adequately and effectively
The Department of Science protect the environment and
and Technology (DOST) upholds confront the challenges posed by
its mandate in the advancement climate change and disasters on
of science education and in their constituents and
promoting excellence in research communities in a sustainable
and development by providing manner. In support of this, DILG
s c h o la r s h i p s . DO S T a l so has instituted the: LGU Award
promotes environmental and Incentive-Seal of Disaster
education through the Philippine Preparedness; Seal of
Science High School (PHSH) Environmental Protection
System, in which Environmental Pro ject s; En ha n cin g LGU
Science has been made as an Capacity on Climate Change
elective subject. This subject Adaptation – Disaster Risk
deals with major environmental Reduction Management and
problems and seeks to inculcate Disaster Preparedness with
in the students the need to solve Assessment, Institutional
these problems. Capacity Enhancement, and
In terms of research and Access to Financing.
development, the DOST sustains

332
8.1.6 PIA Location
Name of Academic
School Program

The Philippine Information Aklan Aklan State Bachelor of

A gen cy’s pa rt icipa t io n in University – Science in
Ibajay Environmental
environmental education Campus Science
inclu ded providin g media
coverage and advocacy support Central
Bachelor of
Science in
to DENR protected Areas, Iloilo Philippine
Environmental
University
Environment Month celebration, Management
Diploma in
National Disaster Consciousness Environmental
Month, Earth Day, Search for Central
Resource
Management &
Sustainable and Eco-friendly Iloilo Philippine
Technologies
University
Schools, International Day for Major in Solid
& Waste
the Preservation of the Ozone Management
Layer, National Clean Air Month, University of
Master of
National Environmental the
Science in
Iloilo Philippines
Environmental
Awareness Month celebrations Visayas – Iloilo
Science
and the Climate Change City Campus
Consciousness Week.
8.3 Public Awareness and
It also supported fora on Environmental Education
global warming / climate through the Year -round
change, anti-smoke belching as Special Events on the
well as active membership in the Environment
Regional Inter-agency Committee
on Environmental Education.
Table 8.2 Environmental
Activities for 2022
8.2 List of Undergraduate and
Graduate Degree Programs Celebra-
Specializing on the Month Activity
tion
Environment that are Offered Zero Waste National
by Universities and Colleges January Month Photo Zero
28, 2022 Essay Con- Waste
Shown in Table 8.1 are the test Month
March World Water
Academic Programs offered by
the different Colleges and 19, 2022 Day Exhibit World
Universities specialized on the World Water Water Day
Environment. Two universities in March Day Orches-
Iloilo City , one in Iloilo Province, 21, 2022 trated Clean-
one in the Province of Aklan. up
Earth Hour
March Earth
Table 8.1 – Academic Programs Online Cele-
26, 2022 Hour
specialized on the bration
Environment offered by Earth Day
Universities and Colleges in April 29, Spoken
Region 6 Earth Day
2022 Word Poetry
Contest

333
 8.3.1 Environmental Event
National Plan of Celebrations
Action on the
Environ- The EMB Region 6 is always
June 7, prevention, re-
ment
2022 duction, and proud to be aligned with the
Month
management of government’s mandates of
Marine Litter celebrating each environment
Community event every month of the year.
based echo ac- Environ- There are various ways on how
June 28, tivity: Youth ment the office tackles each
Month
2022 environmental commemoration, nonetheless,
education pro- the goal for each observance
gram
Interna-
remains, to harness the region’s
Oratorical con- tional Day talents and at the same time, be
September
test on Ozone for the able to boost awareness and
Layer Preserva- Preserva-
16, 2022 tion tion of the
knowledge on each subject
Ozone Lay- matter.
er
World En- The following are the 2022
World Environ-
September vironment environmental event celebrations
mental Health
26, 2022 al Health of the EMB:
Day Celebration Day

Interna- Zero Waste Month

E-Waste Collec- tional Lead
October 24,
tion and Dis- Poisoning
2022 Prevention
posal Program
Week Th e Environmental
Management Bureau 6 captured
some of the region’s practices
Climate c e n t e r e d o n z e ro w a s t e
November Youth Climate Change
18, 2022 Convention Conscious- management as it held a photo
ness Week essay contest entitled “Waste No
National
More” on January 19 - 28, 2022
Clean Air t o ra i se a w a r en e s s a n d
Month, knowledge on the topic in the
Environ-
mental form of photographs joined by
Aware- the story behind in line with the
November Sikad, Taklad, ness
19, 2022 Tanum Month, celebration of the National Zero
and the Waste Month.
Climate
Change Entries from various
Con-
Western Visayas residents were
sciousnes
s Week then published on the Facebook
page of the DENR EMB 6 as the
Climate
November
Local Climate Change photo essay with the most
Change Action Con- number of Facebook reacts
25, 2022 sciousnes
Plan
s Week secured the Social Media Award
and the top 3 earned cash prizes

334
of P6,000, P4,000, and P2,000
respectively.
The top award went to
Alana Loubabes Babe with a
representation of sustainable use
of recycled plastic while the
second spot was captured by
Angele Joy Nortega with her
depiction of everyday lifestyle in
her home and John Michael
Figure 8.1 Photo Essay entries
Londres won third place with his in line with the Zero Waste
portrayal of ornamental use of Month
old plastic straws.
The photo essay contest World Water Day
was designed to be a platform
where participants can get
creative and at the same time The Provincial Water
capture what happens in their Awareness Exhibit entitled
communities in advocating zero “Tubi, Aton Kabuhi” opens on
waste management as well as to March 19, 2022 at Robinsons
spark motivation for other people Pavia as part of the campaign of
to replicate or improve further. EMB Region 6 to protect and
conserve water and its sources
To note, it is under a
in the whole province of Iloilo.
national mandate through
Presidential Proclamation No. The said exhibit features a
760 by the late President photo contest with entries from
Benigno Aquino III, that the all over the province portraying
National Zero Waste Month be the provision of water from their
celebrated every January of the area, as well as Provincial
year. infographics on water resources.

Indeed, the active The 8-day display which

participation of the young has the translated theme of
advocates was proof of its “Water, Our Life” is being
enthusiasm and proactiveness partnered with the the Provincial
when it comes to zero waste
government, the Pavia LGU,
management and learning new
practices. Metro Iloilo Water District, Metro
Pacific Iloilo Water, Metro Iloilo
Bulk Water, and Robinsons
Pavia.
Th e Environmental
Management Bureau 6 also

335
played the role of a conductor in
the region wide cleanup drive of
water bodies that was
participated by volunteers,
public officials, private entities,
and local ecowarriors in
celebration of the World Water
Day on March 21, 2022.

Figure 8.2 Photo and Story

With the call of conserving exhibit attracting mallgoers.
and protecting water in our
communities, the provinces of
Earth Hour
Iloilo, Capiz, and Antique
answered gathering people from
nearby bodies of water to help in As an answer to the call
the trash collection. In the spirit of the World Wide Fund for
of volunteerism and Na t u re – Ph i li ppin es in
collaboration, local authorities supporting the Earth Hour 2022
partnered with some of those in celebration, the Environmental
the private sector in this Management Bureau Region 6
endeavor. led the region wide online
observance of the Earth Hour on
March 26, 2022 via Facebook
The orchestrated cleanup live.
drive was designed to be a
The online program got
platform of simultaneous action
under way at 8 in the evening to
and of sustainability. This is one
showcase the official videos of
step forward in the advocacy
Earth Hour over the past 3
that the World Water Day
years, the messages of support
pushes as we all aim to have this
from the governors of Negros
kin d o f p ro gra m t o be
Occidental and Iloilo, from DENR
accomplished not only during
Regional Executive Director,
the month celebration but in a
Livino Duran and EMB 6
day-to-day basis.
Regional Director, Atty. Ramar
Niel V. Pascua. Also, the online
presence featured the premiere
To note, this year’s
celebration of the World Water of the EMB 6 Regional video for
Day is centered on ground water Earth Hour 2022 called ‘Beacons
which comprises almost all kinds of Light’ after some facts about
and bodies of water in the world. the Earth Hour movement for
the past 15 years.

336
 EMB 6 ended the Gellirose Dulalas placed
program with the familiar third taking home P3,000 while
switching off of lights with the Iloilo Science and Technology
online candle lighting as a University’s Tristan Buendia
symbol of support, hope, and of ranked 2nd with the cash prize of
action against climate change. P5,000 and Lance Parreno from
BFP Region 6 bagged the first
place and the prize of P7,000.
The said event is the
agency’s take on inviting the
youth, the studentry or the
young professional sector, to
take a stand and speak on the
issues that are being faced by
the planet and its status.
Figure 8.3 The online
countdown for the Earth Hour
Celebration

Earth Day

As a modern and creative

way of investing in our planet
and of raising awareness, the
DENR-EMB 6, thru the Figure 8. BFP’s Spoken Word
Environmental Education and Artist Lance Parreño bagged
the first prize
Information Unit, organized a
Spoken Word Poetry contest in
line with the celebration of the Environment Month
Month of the Planet Earth which
The Environmental
was participated by Western
Management Bureau Region 6
Visayas students and
hosted the National Plan of
government employees on April
Action for the prevention,
29, 2022 at Robinsons Place
reduction, and management of
Pavia.
marine litter in the country with
Spoken word pieces were several Western Visayas LGU’s,
composed originally anchored on environmental leaders, and
the theme “Invest in our planet”. private sector in attendance on
Government agencies NEDA, June 7, 2022 at Diversion 21
DICT, and BFP sent out their hotel in Iloilo City.
entries as they vied for the top
The event was attended by
three spots with college students
the DENR Undersecretary for
in participation as well.
Enforcement, Solid Waste

337
Management, Local Government A memorandum of
units Concerns and Attached agreement signing also took
Agencies, Ret. MGen Benito place titled “Adopt an Ambient
Antonio De Leon, EMB Director Air Monitoring Station” with
Engr. William P. Cuñado, EMB partner private organizations
A ssista nt Directo r, En gr. signifying their intent of support.
Vizminda Osorio. Video presentations of the
DENR Undersecretary De region’s LGU’s best practices
Leon and Director Cuñado both were then show along with the
gave the messages to kick off the presentation of alternative
program, which was then technologies of Clean O2,
followed by the awarding International Newater Inc., CHC
ceremony of the outstanding Agritech, TyresQ Inc., and
solid waste management Renergy System, Inc.
practices in the region, with the Furtheremore, the
abovementioned officials joined Environmental Education and
by EMB 6 Chief of Information Unit (EEIU) also
Environmental Management and boosted the youth sector’s
Enforcement Division, For. environmental awareness in a
Vicente Losbañes. All in all, 27 lecture of the office’s mandates
awardees were recognized for and environmental activities at
their efforts in pushing for the Brgy. Hall of Buray, Oton,
practices for materials recovery Iloilo on June 28, 2022.
facilities, composting operations,
upcycling and crafts production, The EEIU provided
sanitary landfill operations, information to students of the
closure and rehabilitation of said barangay, aged 15-25, as to
dumpsites, and other innovative the Bureau’s mission and some
practices. of the programs being conducted
Assistant Director Osorio the whole year in line with its
also introduced the national plan directives. The afternoon then
of action for marine litter, continued with the showing of
making Region 6 as the pilot series of short films called
region for such initiative. “Nature is Speaking” which
Messages of support were highlights the value of nature in
pouring in from the regional the fight against climate change
directors of various government and the EMB 6 produced
agencies, and the governors of cinematic video on the Boracay
Antique, Aklan, Capiz, Iloilo, rehabilitation with the title “The
Guimaras, and Negros New Waves of Boracay”. EMB
Occidental stating their support Promotional materials were also
for the said cause. given to those who actively

338
participated in the discussion. govern ment a gen cies, the
The said lecture is part of Department of Labor and
t h e E E IU ’ s in it i a t i ve o f Employment, Department of
community-based eco activities Education, Department of
centered on the youth of Western Agriculture, Department of
Visayas and in support to the Agrarian Reform, Bureau of Fire
annual celebration of the Protection, the Provincial
Philippine Environment Month Government Environment and
with the theme: “Aksyon Para sa Natural Resources Office, and
Natatanging Mundo.” the lone LGU, LGU-Oton graced
the oratory infront of their
support teams.
FO1 Lance Parreño of the
BFP 6 bested the competition
with his piece “We are Winning”
cored on the fight of humanity
against climate change. LGU
Oton’s Dr. Mary Jane Nismal
placed 2nd while the Department
Figure 8.5 The LGUs being of Agriculture’s representative,
awarded for their best James Daniel Gregory bagged
practices 3rd. To note, the top 3 orators
received prizes of P7,000,
International Day for the P5,000, and P3,000 respectively.
Preservation of the Ozone The initiative is in place
Layer with the information campaign of
In line with the celebration the unit that is of support to the
of the International Day for the campaign of preserving the ozone
Preservation of the Ozone Layer, layer as well as the fight against
the Environmental Education change.
and Information Unit (EEIU),
held an oratorical contest on
September 16, 2022 at District
21 Hotel in Iloilo City.
The said event kicked off
with a message from the Chief of
the EEIU, Mr. Rabbie Chris
Carvajal, which was centered on
the reason why the celebration
took place 35 years ago and the Figure 8.6 Orators from
goals of the celebration moving various government offices
vied for the top spot
forward. The participating
Western Visayas based

339
World Environmental Health recognize the Local Government
Day Units with approved 10-year
solid waste management plan,
In celebration of the
the private organizations which
annual World Environmental
are part of the Adopt an Estero
Health Day, the EMB 6 held a
program, and the transport
recognition program following a
groups who have contributed to
series of lectures on various
the programs of the Metro Iloilo
topics in relation to
Airshed.
e n v i ro n m en t a l h e a l t h o n
September 26, 2022 at District “Today allows the people
21 Hotel, Iloilo City. behind the cause to further
educate the residents of Western
The event started with an
Visayas and to engage with them
overview of the celebration which
the happenings in our
was given by the Chief of the
environment that can affect our
Environmental Education and
wellbeing in the long run.”
Information Unit, Mr. Rabbie
Regional Director Atty Ramar
Chris Carvajal while the
Niel V. Pascua expressed in his
participants were welcomed by
keynote message.
the EMB Regional Director, Atty.
Ramar Niel V. Pascua. Everyone in attendance,
both from the public and private
The lecture-part of the
sector, pledged their support and
program featured the Chief of the
commitment to the Bureau’s
Infectious Disease and
initiatives.
Environmental and Occupational
Health Section of DOH 6, Dr.
Bea Camille Natalaray, on
addressing COVID-19 towards
national recovery, NEDA 6
Regional Director, Engr. Arecio
Casing Jr on the Philippine
Water Supply, Dr. Rommel
Gestuveo from the University of
the Philippines Visayas on
Figure 8.7 Regional Director
protecting environmental health Pascua addressing the
amid global recovery, and Engr. audience ahead of the WEHD
Joemer Fayo from DOH 6 on the program
health care waste management.

After the 4-topic lecture, the

Bureau then proceeded to

340
International Lead Poisoning DENR, EMB, together with
Prevention Week the heads of partner
organizations then spearheaded
In line with the
the launching of the e-waste
International Lead Poisoning
collection by dropping gathered
Prevention Week 2022, the
electronics from their respective
Environmental Management
offices and dropped them in the
Bureau Region 6 launched its E-
bin as a gesture of solidarity in
Waste Collection and Disposal
this campaign. The launch
Program on October 24, 2022 at
program ended with a message
Robinsons lloilo which will run
from the EMB 6 Chief of the
through the whole week in all
Clea rance and Permitting
Robinsons Malls in Panay. The
Division, Engr. Anne Marie
objectives of which circle around
Delariarte
t h e pro per co llect io n o f
household e-waste and to
promote correct e-waste
management among
stakeholders, increasing
awareness on the matter.
The program kicked off
with a welcome remark from the
Regional Operations Manager of
Robinsons-Iloilo Malls, Ms.
Figure 8.8 Regional Director
Karlen Bernabe, and from P a scu a , D ENR R eg i on a l
Western Visayas environmental Executive Director Duran and
leaders, EMB 6 Regional Partners spearhead the e-waste
Director, Atty. Ramar Niel V. collection during the regional
launching
Pascua and DENR 6 Regional
Executive Director, Livino B.
Duran. Climate Change Consciousness
Week
Messages of support
flowed in from the PLDT Head of The EMB 6 hosted a Youth
Climate Convention which was
Environmental, Health and
flocked by students from various
Safety, Ms. Kristine Gonzales- Tigbauan, Iloilo based schools
Catague and Metro Iloilo Bulk ahead of the celebration of the
Water Supply Corporation and Climate Change Consciousness
Metro Pacific Iloilo Water week on November 18, 2022 at
Incorporated HR Manager, Ms. Smallville 21 Hotel, Iloilo City.
Sheena Marie Antonio on behalf The bulk of the
of Chief Operating Officer, Engr. participants were members of
Robert Cabiles. environmental youth groups,
Estrawngheroes and KawsaPH

341
as they took part in a lecture The environmental
made by the Environmental celebration-stacked month of
Management Bureau Region 6 November was emphasized by
Climate Change Unit Chief, Mr. the staging of the first ever
Phillip Edgar Arnaiz. The
Sikad, Taklad, Tanum of the
discussion centered itself on the
effects of climate change Western Environmental Management
Visayas, the common practices Bureau Region 6 from the town
made by locals, and the different plaza of the Municipality of San
ways to cope with the threats Dionisio to the planting site at
that go along with climate
Brgy. Dapdapan, Lemery, Iloilo
change.
on November 19, 2022.
The participants then
enjoyed a group workshop In celebration of the
wherein they are to build several National Clean Air Month,
plans for an adopted Iloilo Environmental Awareness
community in relation to its
Month, and the Climate Change
energy source, waste
management, water conservation Consciousness Week, biking
technique, and environmental groups from the Fifth District of
awareness projects in an the Province of Iloilo, National
infographic material. This Government Agencies -
workshop aims to project the
Philippine National Police Region
vision of the youth leaders in
making a sound society with 6, Philippine Coast Guard Region
respect to the environment and 6, Bureau of Fire Protection
in creating sustainable plans for Region 6 participated in the 3-
the community. activity event.

A presentation of the
Event partners, Smart
f i n i s h e d o u t p u t f o l lo w e d
afterwards to serve as an avenue Communications, Pollution
to showcase the plans with Control Association of the
cohesive facts and information Philippines Inc., Robinsons
behind the proposals. Malls, Metro Pacific Iloilo Water,
Metro Iloilo Bulk Water Supply,
the Municipalities of Lemery,
Sara, and San Dionisio also
made their presence felt in the
hiking portion of the day and
planted their seedlings at the
site.

Municipal Mayor of
Figure 8.9 Youth Leaders Lemery, Mayor Oscar Villegas Jr.
present their output during welcomed the participants and
the Youth Climate Convention the event partners and reiterated

342
the importance of biking both to welcomed the awardees with a
the human health and human intervention-centric
environmental health so as t o message to start the program
do away with the vehicle followed by the Division Chief for
emission. Mayor Villegas also Local Government Capability
stressed that in a changing Development of the Department
climate such as today, plating of the Interior and Local
trees plays a crucial role in its Government Region 6, Mr.
risk mitigation. Christian Nagaynay, who voiced
his message on local governance
EMB 6 Regional Director and compliance to the mandated
and Lemery native, Atty. Ramar Climate Change action plan. The
Niel V. Pascua happily thanked program was also graced by the
the people in attendance and
Climate Change Commissioner,
asked for continued participation
and citizen engagement in Albert P. Dela Cruz as he
environmental activities such as delivered the keynote speech of
this one. the event by presenting a 2-part
mini documentary on the works
that the Climate Change
Commission has achieved in
Metro Manila.

Municipalities and cities

from across Western Visayas
were awarded in a face-to-face
manner for the first time in 3
years, following the events of the
Figure 8.10 Participants of the COVID pandemic. Grateful to
Sikad, Taklad, Tanum at Brgy. each public servant in
Dapdapan, Lemery, Iloilo
attendance, the officials and
their programs centered on
Lastly, timely as it is for
climate change combat were
the Climate Change
acknowledged by EMB Regional
Con sciou sn ess Week, th e
Director Pascua, DILG Division
Environmental Management
Chief Nagaynay, and
Bureau Region 6 recognized
Commissioner Dela Cruz.
batch 2 of the local government
units with complete Local
This set of local
Climate Change Action Plan on government units boosted their
November 25, 2022 at Smallville actions plans with a proper set of
21 Hotel, Iloilo City. programs on renewable energy
and the regular conduct of tree
EMB 6 Regional Director, planting to name a few.
Atty. Ramar Niel V. Pascua

343
 • Climate Change
Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) &
Management
PATLEPAM also prepares a
prototype syllabus for Civic
Welfare Training Service Course
through the project
“Environmental Conservations
through Citizen’s Organized
Participation and Support”.
Figure 8.11 Climate Change Prepares modules and case
Commissioner Albert P. dela
Cruz delivers his Keynote studies on Eco -Industrial
Message Development and Environmental
Management Systems.
8.4 Other Environmental Prints “Environmental Education
Education Initiatives by the for Sustainable Development”
Civil Society, Local book.
Government Units, Private Prepares teaching modules on
Sector, and International Climate Change Mitigation and
Development Community Adaption (CCA) for the following
8.4.1 Philippine Association of courses:
Tertiary Level Education • Nursing
Institutions in Environmental
Protection and Management • Agriculture and Agricultural
(PATLEPAM) Environmental Engineering
Initiatives • Civil Engineering
Conducts annual Senior • Forestry
Educator’s Assemblies on the
National S ervice Tra ining
following themes:
Program
• Eco lo gica l So lid W ast e PATLEPAM-GTZ: Climate
Management Change Adaptation Education
Program for Colleges &
• Water Conservation
Universities in the Philippines
• Air Pollution Prevention aimed to increase knowledge
• Persistent Organic Pollutants about the impacts of climate
change in environment and
(POPs)
human health, and the
• Sustainable Livelihoods & appropriate practices to
Community Resilience address climate change.
• Sustainable Development

344
 PATLEPAM-MDGF: Mercury Management and
Building Capacities for Climate Plastic Waste Management
Change Adaptation for Relevant among others.
Universities and Colleges and 8.4.3 Local Government Units
their Client Communities aimed Environmental Education
to increase the awareness and Initiatives
capacities of the selected higher
education institutions on CCA
and DRR. Dumangas, Iloilo

Asian Environmental The Municipality of

Educators’ Conference on Dumangas provides the
“Moving Towards Integrated constituents with local weather
Climate Change Strategies” and climate data for disaster
aimed to plan coordinated preparation and mitigation
actions to disseminate climate purposes.
change adaptation and integrate Since 1998, the municipality
them to the curricula. has always been recognized as
one of the cleanest and greenest
municipalities in the province of
8.4.2 Pol luti on Con trol
Iloilo. Today, good infrastructure
Association of the Philippines
facilities such as the newly
Inc. (PCAPI) Environmental
constructed all-weathered farm-
Education Initiatives
to-market roads and bridges, the
The Pollution Control Dumagas Port at Sitio Naluoyan,
Association of the Philippines Barangay Sapao, the well-paved
(PCAPI) is a non-stock, non- coastal road linking the
government organization to work Dumangas Port and the Iloilo
hand in hand with the Interntional Commercial Port,
government in the protection of the constructed two story public
the government, prevention, market building, the concreted
abatement and control of land, municipal streets, the
air, and water pollution. a c q u i s it io n p f m u n i c i pa l
It serves as an effective equipment and other facilities
communication link and active and the electrification program of
advocate with the government in all barangays in the municipality
institution aliz in g po llut ion which are beneficial to the
prevention. PCAPI conducts people in the community are all
Basic Pollution Control Training visible in the municipality of
Course for Pollution Control Dumangas.
Officers and Managing Heads, Conducted irrigation
Information Dissemination and facilities and installation of the
Focus Group Discussions on

345
Ice Plant and storage which total of 54 megawatts of power
greatly helped not only the that is supplied to the National
farmers of the municipality but Grid Co rpo ra t ion o f th e
also the fishpond owners. Philippines (NGCP).

The municipality was then San Carlos City, Negros

recognized and awarded by the Occidental
Iloilo Provincial Government San Carlos City bagged the
Environmental and Natural first place in the EMB Game
Resources Office for their ideal Changer Communities Awards in
Ecological Solid Waste the entire country as they
Management System (E+3S). established citizen responsibility
as the primary mechanism of its
S o lid W a st e Ma n a gemen t
Guimaras
Program through a project
LGU-Jordan is the first entitled “Ecological Solid Waste
LGU in the Province of Guimaras Management Lifestyle Change
who implemented the proper Project”. The aim of which is to
closure and rehabilitation of promote change in values and
their open dumpsite which is attitudes of the city residents
located at Brgy. Bugnay, Jordan. towards environmental
The first LGU in Guimaras responsibility through effective
which established an ECO-SWM communication, education, and
Center with integrated SWM advocacy.
program with MRF, Segregation Conduct ed an ESWM
Bldg. vermicomposting In fo rma t io n Edu ca t io n &
technology and established a Communication Campaign for
guard house made of “trash in a the Lowland and Upland Rural
bottle” and was able to organize Areas and Lowland Urban Areas.
their waste pickers into a
Established an Integrated
recycler who worked at the ECO-
SWM Information, Education,
SWM Center.
and Communication Campaign.
Meanwhile, the whole Monitoring and Evaluation
Province of Guimaras was System, Policies and Procedures
awarded by the Climate Reality for as Sustainable ESWM
Project Philippines in recognition Program.
of their efforts in sustainable
Effective Collection System,
development and environmental
strictly NO SEGREGATION, NO
protection.
COLLECTION POLICY.
The Province is home to
Established Eco-Center
energy efficient wind turbines –
Area (5 Hectares) which is
the 27 wind turbines produce a

346
Material Recovery Facility (MRF), awarded as the 1st ASEAN Clean
Sanitary Landfill (SLF), Leachate Tourist City and top 100
Treatment Facility and Sustainable Destination, these
Composting Facility. have madec a name for San
Carlos as one of the prime
Received Galing Pook
tourism destinations in Negros
Awards in 1995 – Buluangan
Occidental.
Fishport Project, 1996 – Homelot
Program, 1997 – Daan sa Tigbauan, Iloilo
Kaunlaran, 2000 – Punong Tigbauan was once the
Kahoy sa Bawat Pumanaw, 2007 venue of the 4th Action for
– Water Levy Project and 2008 = Regreening and Transformation
Sustainable City Project. for Climate Change Adaptation
Seal of Good Environmental (ART for CCA) initiated by the
Governance Year II – Silver Seal Provincial Government of Iloilo.
1,500 seedlings of different
Awarded as the 2nd Most
beach species were planted along
Liveable City in the World
the riverbanks and coastlines of
(75,000-150,000 Population)
Brgy. Poblacion. Aside from the
with Special Whole City Award in
mangrove planting activity, a 10-
the UN-Backed 2011
hectare municipal beach forest
International Awards for Livable
was also established to enhance
Communities held on Oct. 27-
the greenbelt zone, minimize the
31, 2011 at Songpa, Seoul,
impact of large storm waves and
South Korea.
tsunamis, promote eco-tourism,
San Carlos City was also and provide livelihood
recognized as one city which has opportunities to coastal
the best Practices on sustainable communities.
environmental protection and
This municipality was
enforcement on waste treatment,
recognized and awarded by the
septage, forestry and coastal
Iloilo Provincial Government
marine management.
Environmental and Natural
The recent recognitions of Resources Office for their ideal
the city have challenged the Ecological Solid Waste
government to t be mo re Management System (E+3S).
competitive to sustain such
Leganes, Iloilo
recognitions. From cleanliness,
environmental practices to The Municipality of Leganes
programs and projects, the city was acknowledged and was a
has been doing a lot of initiatives recipient of the award on ideal
and innovations to make San Ecological Solid Waste
Carlos City a competitive Management System by the Iloilo
tourism destination thus being Provincial Government

347
Environmental and Natural apparent in the streak of awards
Resources Office. that the LGU has been receiving
since the EXCELL Awards
In 2009, the mangrove
started in 2008. The regional
rehabilitation project that would
search committee was
later on be popularly known as
specifically impressed with the
the Katunggan Ecopark was
initiative called the VF Program,
implemented by the local
an umbrella program that
government unit through the
encompasses all the other
initiative of the Zoological Society
initiatives that the LGU has been
of London. The Katunggan
implementing during the past
Ecopark is now a mangrove
years. The VF Program poated
forest that revegetated an area of
strong support for the provision
9.5. Going to the Ecopark,
of high quality legislative,
people still need to pass by some
economic, social, administrative,
abandoned fishponds that
and environmental related
remind visitors of the past status
services.
of the area. Today, the
Katunggan Ecopark is The Municipality of Oton is
considered as one of the one of the towns that applies
successful mangrove organic farming. One of its
rehabilitation projects. The team elementary schools, the Tagbak
with MENRO, ZSL, and the Elementary School frequently
Community-based Mangrove uses organic farming. In 2005,
Seedling Growers Association in they started this project for the
the Katunggan Ecopark in purpose of helping students,
Leganes, Iloilo. A before and after especially the malnourished, to
photo of the area illustrating the become productive, active, and
outcomes of the project was to improve their academic skills.
installed on one of the Ecopark’s The garden is now filled with
kubo (nipa hut) to inspire local different kinds of healing and
people and visitors to sustain the unrefined plants. The elementary
rehabilitation efforts in the site school was documented
and in similar areas. internationally, since they
applied and implemented organic
Oton, Iloilo
farming. Tagbak Elementary
As the Best Performing LGU School won 1st place in the
for three consecutive years, Oton Search for Sustainable and Eco-
has given the impression with Friendly Schools for three
the level of support that the consecutive years.
LCEs have extended to the
Oton was also awarded by
programs and projects dedicated
EMB 6 as one of the best
for the betterment of the lives of
implementors of Republic Act
its residents. This has been

348
9003 or the Ecological Solid local government unit, Guimbal
Waste Management Act through was able to preserve the coastal
their innovations and best environment.
practices that include operations Panay, Capiz
of Materials Recovery Facilities,
LGU-Panay has established
Composting, Sanitary Landfill as
LGU-NGO and LGUPO
well as upcycling and crafts
partnerships that enabled them
production, and the
to effectively engage into different
rehabilitation of dumpsites.
environmentally related projects
Guimbal, Iloilo and activities such as the
The Municipality of Guimbal establishment of nurseries,
was able to reach all their community planting, mangrove
barangays with the Information monitoring, maintenance, and
Education Campaign through protection. They also conducted
their monthly “pulong-pulong” in a community reforestation or a
their barangays and has greening project within several
therefore effectively informed the barangays. A no-littering and no-
people in their community as to burning mandates of law have
environmental awareness. As been imposed as well.
part of the Municipality’s The municipality also
innovation, the community carried out a number of
institutionalizes their BBIs semi- reforestation projects and within
annually which led them to the a year, the municipality was able
effective implementation of to accomplish a various tree-
various environmental laws and planting activities which have
S o lid W a st e Ma n a gemen t been participated different
mechanisms at the Barangay barangays and organizations.
level. They also conducted Within this duration, thousands
underwater assessments and of trees have been planted and
coral gardening. It is therefore as part of their innovation
apparent that the municipality programs, Panay promoted
gives great importance to its vegetable gardens and the
aquatic environment, but they establishment of Gulayan Sa
do not just focus on its aquatic Barangay. The municipality, with
resources. Cleanliness is also the continuous support of the
being observed within the communit y, was a ble to
community considering that the maintain the asset which is their
no-littering mandate and the mangrove plantation and at the
proper collection of garbage are same time, was able to take care
being practiced. The continuous of the environment.
support of the Guimbalanons
and with the leadership of its

349
 Environmental Administration
9.1 EMB Organizational Table 9.1 List of Filled-Up
Structure Plantilla Positions

Pursuant to the approval No. of

EMB Region VI Plantilla
of the Rationalization Plan and Position
Person-
nel
the provisions of Republic Act
10633 and the General Director II 1
Chief Administrative
Appropriations Act of 2022, the 1
Officer (AO)
Regional Director of the
Chief Environmental
Environmental Management Management Special- 2
Bureau Region VI, issued ist (EMS)
Regional Special Orders 059 s. Supervising Environ-
2022, 213 s. 2022, 030 s. 2021, mental Management 5
Specialist
121 s. 2021, 149 s. 2021, and
Supervising AO 1
136 s. 2020 for the
restructuring of the Office of the Engineer IV 3

Regional Director, Attorney III 1

Environmental Monitoring and Engineer III 3

Enforcement Division, Accountant III 1
Clearance and Permitting Senior EMS 10
Division and the Finance and Chemist III 1
Administrative Division of EMB Administrative Officer
1
Region VI. V
Chemist II 1
Out of the 93 plantilla
positions, 84 were filled up as of Engineer II 3

December 31, 2022. In EMS II 21

addition, there is one (1) Planning Officer II 1

Administrative Aide III under Co Information Officer II 2
-Terminus with the Incumbent Administrative Officer
2
(CTI) position and there are two IV
(2) detailed personnel, an Administrative Officer
3
Administrative Aide IV and III
Administrative Aide I, from the EMS I 17
Administrative Assistant
DENR comprising a total of 2
III
eighty-seven (87) warm bodies
Administrative Assistant
in EMB Region VI. 2
II
Administrative Assistant
I
1
Administrative Aide IV 1
Administrative Aide III 1

350
 9.2 Organizational Chart

Table 9.2 EMB Region 6 Organizational Chart as of December 31,

2022

351
 The structure is the integration of environmental
composed of the following education concerns in the school
Divisions: curricula at all levels, and
consolidate sectoral
environmental write-ups for the
A. Organization of the
preparation of the regional state
Office of the Regional
of the brown environment
Director (ORD):
reports.
The Regional Director
The Office of the imple men t s t h e p ert in en t
Regional Director and its environmental laws, policies,
sections are primarily tasked rules and regulations;
to adjudicate violations implements EMB’s programs in
relative to ECC conditions and the region; exercises the
other legal matters involving ma n a ge men t fu n ct io n s o f
c o m p l i a n c e w i t h planning, organizing, directing
environmental laws, rules and and controlling; and performs
regulations within Region VI, other duties and functions as
prepares work and financial may be provided by law or further
plans and work programs for delegated by the Director.
the regio n ’s o pera t io n , T h e P r o v i n c i a l
consolidate online data and Environmental Management
information, implement Units (PEMUs) are regional sub-
Republic Act 9512 offices responsible for
(Environmental Awareness implementing the EMB’s
and Education Act of 2008) to programs and policies at the
undertake information, provincial level. The PEMUs work
education, communication closely with local governments,
and knowledge management communities, and other
requirements for both formal stakeholders to protect and
and informal sectors, and enhance the environment in their
provide services by performing respective provinces. They are
physical, chemical, and involved in a wide range of
microbiological analyses of activities, including the
environmental samples. enforcement of environmental
laws and regulations, the
issuance of environmental
The Regional Director, permits, the monitoring of
in inter-agency endeavors, environmental quality, and the
coordinate the conduct of promotion of environmental
advocacy activities to create awareness and education. The
public awareness, strengthen PEMUs also provide technical

352
assistance to local Compliance Certificates (ECCs)
governments and communities for projects under
on environmental matters, Environmentally Critical Areas
and work to coordinate and Certificate of Non-Coverage
environmental initiatives (CNC) for projects not covered
among different sectors and by ECC, applications for Air
stakeholders. pollution source and control
installation, Wastewater
The ORD is composed of
discharges permits, and Toxic
the following sections:
substances and hazardous
A.1 P l a n n i n g , waste permits. The Division
Programming, issues notices of environmental
Environmental compliance and the monitoring
Education, and and enforcement of permit
Climate Change conditions. It is headed by a
Section Division Chief who directs and
A.2 R e g i o n a l oversees the operation of the
Environmental following sections:
L a b o r a t o r y B.1 Environmental
Section Impact Assessment
A.3 Legal Section (EIA) Permitting
Section
A.4 P r o v i n c i a l
Environmental B.2 Air and Water
Management Unit Permitting ( A W P )
(PEMU) Negros Section
Occidental B.3 Toxic Substances
A.4 PEMU Antique and Ha z a rdo u s
Waste Permitting
A.5 PEMU Capiz/
Section
Aklan
C. Organization of the
A . 6 B o r a c a y
Environmental Monitoring
Environmental
and Enforcement Division
Management Unit
(EMED):
(BEMU)
B. Organization of the The EMED is primarily
Clearance and Permitting responsible for the effective
Division (CPD): implementation and compliance
to Presidential Decree 1586
The CPD is responsible (Environmental Impact
of the review, evaluation, and Statement System), Republic
processing of permit Act 8749 (The Philippine Clean
application for Environmental

353
Air Act of 1999), Republic Act support thereof.
9275 (The Philippine Clean The Division is also
Water Act of 2004), Republic responsible for the inspection of
Act 9003 (The Ecological Solid
facilities and activities to
Waste Management Act of en su re co mp lia n c e w it h
2000) and Republic Act 6969 environmental standards, and
(Toxic Substances and Nuclear the investigation of alleged
and Hazardous Waste Control violations of environmental
Act of 1990) in EMB Region VI laws.
area of jurisdiction. The EMED
is responsible for the It is headed by a Division
monitoring and classification Chief who oversees the
of water bodies, establishing following sections:
water quality management C.1 Ecological Solid
a rea s an d est a blish in g Waste Management
airsheds through systematic Section
long-term assessment of air
C.2 Ambient Monitoring
pollutant levels by measuring
and Technical
the type, quality and quantity
Services Section
of certain air pollutant in the
surrounding air. It is also the C.3 Water and Air
responsibility of this division Quality Monitoring
to monitor industrial and Section
commercial establishment C.4 Chemicals and
with air and water pollution Hazardous Waste
so u rces an d det ermin e Monitoring Section
compliance of its air pollution
control facilities, wastewater
D. Organization of the
treatment facilities. Likewise,
Finance and Administrative
monitor its compliance with
Division (FAD):
the treatment, storage and
disposal (TSD) facilities; The FAD provides general
including compliance of administrative services
hazardous waste generators particularly in human
and transporters. Relative to resources, records,
the management of solid procurement and contract
waste, the EMED is management, personnel and
responsible for monitoring the payroll administration, property
Local Government Units management, maintenance,
(LGUs) compliance to the and other forms of support to
Eco lo gica l S o lid W a st e the operations. It also renders
Management and provide budgeting, cashiering, financial

354
 planning and reporting and It is headed by a Division
accounting services. The Chief who oversees the
Division works closely with following sections:
other divisions within the
D.1. Finance Section
EMB, as well as with other
government agencies and D.2. Administrative Section
stakeholders, to ensure that D.3. General Services
the EMB's financial and Section
administrative affairs are
The EMB Region VI Office
managed efficiently and
has been classified by the
effectively.
Department of Budget and
The division plays a Management as a Class 2
critical role in supporting the Industrialized Region.
EMB's mandate of protecting
and enhancing the
environment in the region.

Table 9.3 List of the Educational Attainment of EMB Region VI

Plantilla Personnel
List of Post-Graduate Courses of EMB Region VI Personnel
No. of Personnel
as of December 31, 2022
1 Juris Doctor 2

List of Bachelor’s Courses of EMB Region VI Personnel as No. of Personnel

of December 31, 2022
1 Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering 23
2 Bachelor of Science in Chemistry 11
3 Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering 6
4 Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering 5
5 Bachelor of Science in Biological Science 2
6 Bachelor of Science in Biology 1
8 Bachelor of Science in Environmental Management 1
9 Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering 1
10 Bachelor of Science in Electronics and 1
Communications Engineering
11 Bachelor of Science in Accountancy 2
12 Bachelor of Science in Business Administration Major 1
in Accounting
13 Bachelor of Science in Commerce major in Accounting 2

355
14 Bachelor of Science in Commerce major in Management 1
15 Bachelor of Arts in Political Science 3
16 Bachelor of Science in Information Systems 1
17 Bachelor of Science in Information Management 1
18 Bachelor of Tourism Major in Ecological Tourism 1
19 Bachelor of Science in Tourism 1
20 Bachelor of Science in Mathematics 1
21 Bachelor of Science in Computer Science 3
22 Bachelor of Arts in Mass Communication 1
23 Bachelor of Science in Nursing 3
25 Bachelor of Science in Medical Laboratory Science 1
26 Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management 1
27 Bachelor in Broadcasting 1
28 Bachelor of Science in Information Technology 1

List of Masteral Courses and Post-Graduate Courses Attend- No. of Personnel

ed by EMB Region VI Personnel as of December 31, 2022
1 Bachelor of Laws (Graduate) 5
2 Master in Environmental Engineering 9
3 Master in Public Administration 10
4 Masters of Arts in Urban and Regional Planning 1
5 Master of Engineering 1
6 Master in Business Administration 1

9.3 Capacity Building

Table 9.4 List of Learning Events for CY 2022
Functional Competency
Total
No. of Personnel
Number
No. Title of Learning Event Attended
of
Male Female Hours
IPPU Sector and Waste Sector GHG Inventory
1 1 2 72
Trainings
Webinar on Reducing Single Use Plastics in
2 2 2 8
Food Delivery and Takeaway Sector
Training Workshop on Updating of Manual of
3 0 2 32
Uniform Procedure

CSC Leave Accreditation Course for Effective-

4 0 2 16
ness

7-Day Webinar on Environment and Natural

5 1 1 40
Resource (ENR) Frontline Course (Batch 5)

6 PhilGEPS Training for Phase 1 0 2 16

Workshop on the Preparation of Personnel

7 0 3 24
Services Requirements

356
 Basic Video Editing and Photography Training-
8 Workshop for EMB Central & Regional Environ- 2 0 32
mental Education and information Officers
Workshop on the Data Collection Matrix for the
Development of the 2015 and 2020 Industrial
9 1 1 24
Processes and Products Use (IPPU) and Waste
Sectors National Greenhouse Gas Inventory
10- Day Webinar on Environment and Natural
10 2 0 60
Resources Basic Course

Training Workshop on the Updates on Chemical

11 0 2 45
Rules and Regulations under R.A 6969

Basic Photography Skills Training for EMB

12 5 5 8
Technical Personnel
Training on the implementation of Cease-and-
13 Desist Order (CDO) and Temporary Lifting Order 3 1 32
(TLO)
2022 Online Hazardous Waste Management
System Orientation Workshop for Hazardous
14 1 1 16
Waste Generators, Transporters, and TSD Facil-
ities

15 National Air Quality Management Training 2 0 45

Information System Training and ICT Strategic

16 3 1 18
Plan Workshop
Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers, Inc.
17 (PICE) 2022 Midyear National Convention and 2 1 18
Technical Conference
2022 Interlaboratory Comparison Exercises for
18 0 2 24
DENR-EMB Laboratory Analysts

Training/Workshop on the Utilization of the Ar-

19 1 3 32
ea Water Quality Management Fund

20 ENR Basic Course 0 1 40

21 83rd PIChE Convention 5 12 24

Technical Forum on the Promotion of Alternative
22 Substances and Natural Refrigerants for the 0 1 8
Ozone Layer and Climate Protection
Environment and Natural Resource (ENR) Basic
23 0 1 56
Course Batch 6
Training on Calibration of Laboratory Equip-
ment for Mass and Temperature
24 Measurements and its application to Measure- 0 3 40
ment Uncertainty Estimation for Chemical
Analyses
Updating of Online Hazardous Waste Manage-
25 ment System Cum Harmonization of Implemen- 1 1 40
tation of Hazardous Waste Management Policies

26 36th Chemistry Congress 0 5 24

Airshed Capacity Building in Emission Inventory

27 3 0 40
and Air Quality Monitoring Training Workshop

357
 Training Workshop on Water Quality Manage-
28 1 3 40
ment
Conduct of the Workshop on Continuous Emis-
sion Monitoring System (CEMS) & Continuous
29 2 0 40
Opacity Monitoring System (COMS) and Public
Consultation of Observers Manual
EMB Regional Capacity Building on Hazardous
30 1 1 40
Waste Management
Retooling on REPUBLIC ACT (RA) 9184 OTHER-
WISE KNOWN AS THE “GOVERNMENT PRO-
31 2 0 24
CUREMENT REFORM ACT” AND ITS REVISED
IMPLEMENTING RULES AND REGULATIONS
Regional Training- Workshop on the Updates on
40
32 Chemical Rules and Regulations under R.A 0 3
6969
Training on Laws and Rules of Government Ex-
33 0 3 40
penditures (Large)
Capacity Building of EMB Regional Offices on
34 the Updates on the Philippine EIS System Im- 2 2 32
plementation
Capacity Building Training on The Use of Cal-
35 puff for Air Quality Dispersion Modeling in the 2 0 16
Philippines

Organizational Competency

No. of Personnel Total

Attended Number
No. Title of Learning Event
of
Fe- Hours
Male
male
Technical Writing Course for Environmental
1 1 0 24
Management Bureau

Incident Command System-Executive Course

2 1 0 32
Blended Training
Training-Workshop on Advance Legal and
3 0 4 18
Technical Drafting
Virtual Training on Linux Server Administra-
4 1 1 24
tion via Online

Core Competency

No. of Personnel Total

Attended Number
No. Title of Learning Event
of
Male Female Hours

N/A

358
Leadership Competency

No. of Personnel
Total
Attended
No. Title of Learning Event Number
of Hours
Male Female

Developmental Conversation for Leaders

1 (Coaching the Coaches through Develop- 5 10 24
mental Conversations)

2 2022 HR Symposium 2 4 16

3 Leadership in Digital Era 0 1 32

4 Career Executives Leadership Series 1 0 24

Other Learning Events / Gender and Development

No. of Personnel
Total
Attended
No. Title of Learning Event Number
of Hours
Male Female

Orientation on RA 11313 or the Safe

1 2 4 2
Spaces Act for DENR Executives
EMB Central and Regional GAD Focal
2 Points Planning and Assessment Work- 2 0 40
shop
One-Day DRRM Orientation for RDDRMCs
3 1 1 8
and Newly Elected LCEs

Learning Events Conducted

Functional Competency

No. of Personnel
Total No.
No. Title of Learning Event Attended
of Hours
Male Female
Exposure Learning on Records Manage-
1 6 7 18
ment System

1-day Environmental Updates and Capac-

2 10 20 8
ity Building for Monitoring Personnel

Seminar/Workshop on the Updates on

3 5 8 8
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

359
Organizational Competency

No. of Personnel
Total No.
No. Title of Learning Event Attended
of Hours
Male Female

Human Resource Information System for

1 5 8 12
EMB Personnel (Primary Users)

Training on Human Resource Infor-

2 20 31 5
mation System (Secondary Users)
Speaking Effectively Course for EMB
3 12 38 6
Employees

Core Competency

No. of Personnel
Total No.
No. Title of Learning Event Attended
of Hours
Male Female

EMB Region VI Employee Orientation for

1 18 33 6
New Hires and Contracts of Service

2 Orientation on DENR Core Values 31 49 6

FAD Work Attitude and Values Enhance-

3 21 19 8
ment Team Building Activity

Other Learning Events / Gender and Development

No. of Personnel
Total No.
No. Title of Learning Event Attended
of Hours
Male Female
Mental Health Awareness Seminar for
1 10 11 4
People With Disabilities

Gender and Development Orientation for

2 5 9 4
the GFPS

Pre-Retirement Webinar and Skills En-

3 6 13 4
hancement Training

GADFPS Team Building and Strategic

4 6 22 16
Planning

EVAW-Campaign and Personality Devel-

5 9 26 16
opment Training

360
 Learning events and
trainings conducted and
attended addressing
competencies as per the DENR
Competency-Based System
(CBS) Man ual fo r the
development of employees’
knowledge and skills:
Functional Competency -
Figure 9 .2 Le a de r sh i p
38 learning events attended by
trainings attended by EMB
168 participants.
Personnel
Core Competency – 3
learning events attended by
171 participants

Figure 9.3 Number of

Personnel that attended 2021
trainings by Ex ternal
Figure 9.1 List of Personnel Learning Service Providers
Attended the 2021 Trainings

O r g a n i z a t i o n a l
Competency – 7 learning
events attended by 122
participants.
Leadership Competency -
4 learning events attended by
23 participants.

361
9.4 Budget and Expenditure
Table 9.5 Annual Budgetary Allocation, EMB Budget CY 2020-2022

Budget ANNUAL BUDGETARY ALLOCATION (MILLION PESOS)

Item 2020 2021 2022

Personnel Operations TOTAL Personnel Operations TOTAL Personnel Operations TOTAL

General
Admin-
istration
and Sup-
7.598 2.212 9.81 9.954 2.528 12.482 15.288 2.182 17.470

port Ser-
vices
Planning &
Policy For-
mulation
and Mgt.
1.614 9.065 10.679 2.125 13.874 15.999 2.661 4.507 7.168
Info Sys-
tem

Legal Ser-
vices and
Provision of 2.007 0.241 2.248 2.122 0.296 2.418 2.814 0.561 3.375
Secretariat
Services to
the EMB
Pollution
Research
and Labor- 1.614 1.544 3.158 1.207 1.856 3.063 2.281 1.886 4.166
atory Ser-
vices
Environ-
mental
Education 1.589 0.562 2.151 1.762 0.704 2.466 2.197 1.439 3.636
and Infor-
mation
Environ-
mental
Impact 9.091 1.25 10.341 9.018 1.847 10.865 11.454 1.986 13.440
Assess-
ment

Implemen-
tation of 11.294 4.066 15.36 14.167 4.761 18.928 16.286 4.443 20.729
Clean Air
Regulation
Implemen-
tation of
Clean Wa- 7.927 14.865 22.792 9.065 65.034 74.099 10.196 67.511 77.707
ter Regula-
tion
Implemen-
tation of
Ecological
Solid Waste 2.558 11.943 14.501 5.16 53.272 58.432 2.171 33.891 36.062
Manage-
ment Regu-
lations
Implemen-
tation of
Toxic Sub-
stances
and Haz-
ardous
2.409 1.29 3.699 3.016 1.559 4.575 2.231 19.865 22.096

Waste
Manage-
ment Regu-
lations
145.73 203.3 205.8
TOTAL 47.701 47.038 94.739 57.596 67.579 138.271
1 27 50

362
 The Budget for in the same year for the
Operations in CY 2021 was procurement of Solid Waste
rela t ivel y mu ch h igh e r Management equipment such
compared to the budget in CY as composters, shredders and
2020 because of the insertion cameras as assistance to
of budget to Maintenance and identified Local Government
Other Operating Expenses Units of the Region. In CY
(MOOE) amounting to Fifty 2022, the budget for Capital
Million pesos (50M) as support Outlay for the procurement of
fund to LGU Malay for the Solid Waste Management
hauling of solid wastes in equipment was reduced by fifty
Boracay Island as well as for percent but, there was a
the procurement of Software provision of budget for the
Subscription for use of EMB procurement of 22 sets of brand
Regional Office 6. Capital -new disinfection and storage
Outlay amounting to Forty facilities for collected COVID 19
Million pesos was also added related wast es also fo r
distribution to identified Local
Government Units in Region 6.

Table 9.6 Annual Budgetary Expenditure, EMB Budget CY 2020-2022

Budget ANNUAL BUDGETARY EXPENDITURE (MILLION PESOS)
Item 2020 2021 2022
Person
Personnel Operations Total Personnel Operations Total nel
Operations Total
General
Admin &
8833 2.212 9.763 9.954 2.528 12.482 15.287 2.182 17.469
Support
Services
Planning &
Policy
Formulation 1.614 8.608 10.222 2.100 13.712 15.812 2.661 4.507 7.168
and Mgt.
Info System
Legal
Services and
Provision of
2.005 0.206 2.210 2.122 0.296 2.418 2.814 0.561 3.375
Secretariat
Services to
the EMB

Pollution
Research
and 1.614 1.542 3.156 1.207 1.856 3.063 2.281 1.886 4.166
Laboratory
Services

Pollution
Research
and 1.614 1.542 3.156 1.207 1.856 3.063 2.281 1.886 4.166
Laboratory
Services
Environment
al Education
1.589 0.561 2.150 1.762 0.704 2.466 2.197 1.439 3.636
and
Information
Environment
al Impact 9.091 1.207 10.298 9.018 1.847 10.865 11.454 1.986 13.440
Assessment
Implementat
ion of Clean
11.288 4.040 15.328 14.167 4.761 18.928 16.282 4.443 20.725
Air
Regulation

363
Implementat
ion of Clean
7.927 14.504 22.432 9.065 62.706 71.771 10.196 67.511 77.707
Water
Regulation
Implementat
ion of
Ecological
2.558 11.737 14.295 5.160 53.271 58.431 2.171 31.638 33.809
Solid Waste
Management
Regulations
Implementat
ion of Toxic
Substances
and
2.407 1.244 3.651 3.016 1.559 4.575 2.231 19.588 21.819
Hazardous
Waste
Management
Regulations

TOTAL 47.644 45.860 93.504 57.570 143.240 200.810 67.574 135.741 203.315

The unutilized budget in This additional payment was

CY 2020, CY 2021 and CY implemented in 2020 and is
2022 were mostly savings from still in effect today.
various procurement activities
of the office.

9.5 Revenues Generated

The annual revenue for 2022

is made up of collections by
PEMU Negros and Regional
Office. All Fines and Penalties Figure 9.4 Annual Revenues
have a downward trend from
-Regulatory Fees (Million
2019, and slightly increased in
Pesos)
2022. Only RA 8749 has an
upward trend in regulatory
fees. This is pa rtially
attributable to the ongoing use
of online transactions that
en a ble clien t s to pa y
clearances, permits, and
application fees over the
counter at Landbank or via
Landbank Link.bizportal for Figure 9.5 Annual Revenues
applications submitted using -Fines and Penalties (Million
online systems. Pesos)

364
10.5 Pollution Adjudication SPECIFIC JURISDICTION –
Board Notwithstanding the
general jurisdiction of
The Pollution the Board over
Adjudication Board (PAB) was adjudication of pollution
created pursuant to Section cases, and all matters
19 of Executive Order 192 related thereto, the
which provides for the Board has specific
reorganization of the jurisdiction, over the
Department of Environment, following cases:
Energy and Natural
Resources, renaming it as the Clean Air Act (RA 8749)
Department of Environment
and Natural Resources. It is For actual exceedance of air
composed of the Secretary as quality standards or
Chairman, two (2) limitations provided under the
undersecretaries as may be Clean Air Act;
designated by the Secretary, Any order, rule or regulation
the Director of the issued by the DENR with
Environmental Management respect to such standard or
Bureau, and three (3) others
limitation.
as may be designated by the
Secretary. The Environmental Clean Water Act (RA 9275) The
Management Bureau serves as PAB has the exclusive and
the Secretariat of the Board. original jurisdiction with
respect to adjudication of
10.5.1 Jurisdiction pollution cases based on
Pollution Adjudication exceedance of the DENR
Board (PAB) Resolution No.1, Effluent Standards and other
Series of 2010 provides for the acts defined as prohibited
jurisdiction and authority of under Section 27 of R.A. 9275.
the Board, to wit: Establishing an
GENERAL JURISDICTION - Environmental Impact
The Board shall have Statement System (P.D. 1586).
exclusive jurisdiction over The PAB has jurisdiction to
the adjudication of hear cases of violation of P.D.
pollution cases, and all 1586 and its IRR as defined in
other matters related Section 27 (h) of R.A. 9275.
thereto, including the Ecological Solid Waste
imposition of administrative Management Act (RA 9003)
sanctions. The PAB has jurisdiction to
Pursuant to Section 19 of hear cases of unauthorized
Executive Order 192, the transport and dumping into
powers and functions maybe sea water solid waste as
delegated to the Regional defined in R.A. 9003.
Officers of the Department in Toxic Substances and
accordance with rules and Hazardous Wastes Act RA
regulation to be formulated by
6969.
the Board.

365
 The PAB has jurisdiction specifying the conditions and
over cases of: the time within which such
discontinuance must be
A. Illegal transport or accomplished;
dumping or
discharge of 3. Issue, renew, or deny
prohibited permits, under such
chemicals, conditions as it may
substances or determine to be reasonable,
pollutants listed for the prevention and
under R.A. 6969; abatement of pollution, for
and the discharge of sewage,
industrial waste, or for the
B. Operating facilities installation or operation of
that discharges sewage works and
hazardous industrial disposal systems
substances into or parts thereof: Provided,
water bodies. however, That the
The Board shall have the Commission [now PAB], by
rules and regulations, may
following powers and
require subdivisions,
functions:
condominium, hospitals,
A. GENERAL POWERS OF public buildings and other
THE BOARD. By virtue of similar human settlements
section 19 of EO 192, the to put up appropriate
powers and functions central sewerage system
pertaining to the and sewage treatment
Commissioners of the National works, except that no
Pollution Control Commission permits shall be required of
under P.D. 984, in relation to any new sewage works or
adjudication of pollution cases changes to or extensions of
pursuant to Republic Act 3931 existing works that
and P.D. 984, were transferred discharge only domestic or
to the Board. Pursuant to this, sanitary wastes from a
the Board is vested with single residential building
general adjudicatory powers. provided with septic tanks
In the adjudication of or their equivalent. The
pollution cases, the board has Commission [now PAB] may
the power and authority to, impose reasonable fees and
among others: charges for the issuance or
renewal of all permits
1. Issue orders or decisions to herein required;
compel compliance with the
provisions of PD 984 and 4. Serve as arbitrator for the
its implementing rules and determination of
regulations only after reparations, or restitution
proper notice and hearing; of the damages and losses
resulting from pollution;
2. Make, alter or modify orders
requiring the 5. Deputize in writing or
discontinuance of pollution request assistance of

366
 The PAB has jurisdiction specifying the conditions and
over cases of: the time within which such
discontinuance must be
A. Illegal transport or accomplished;
dumping or
discharge of 3. Issue, renew, or deny
prohibited permits, under such
chemicals, conditions as it may
substances or determine to be reasonable,
pollutants listed for the prevention and
under R.A. 6969; abatement of pollution, for
and the discharge of sewage,
industrial waste, or for the
B. Operating facilities installation or operation of
that discharges sewage works and
hazardous industrial disposal systems
substances into or parts thereof: Provided,
water bodies. however, That the
The Board shall have the Commission [now PAB], by
rules and regulations, may
following powers and
require subdivisions,
functions:
condominium, hospitals,
A. GENERAL POWERS OF public buildings and other
THE BOARD. By virtue of similar human settlements
section 19 of EO 192, the to put up appropriate
powers and functions central sewerage system
pertaining to the and sewage treatment
Commissioners of the National works, except that no
Pollution Control Commission permits shall be required of
under P.D. 984, in relation to any new sewage works or
adjudication of pollution cases changes to or extensions of
pursuant to Republic Act 3931 existing works that
and P.D. 984, were transferred discharge only domestic or
to the Board. Pursuant to this, sanitary wastes from a
the Board is vested with single residential building
general adjudicatory powers. provided with septic tanks
In the adjudication of or their equivalent. The
pollution cases, the board has Commission [now PAB] may
the power and authority to, impose reasonable fees and
among others: charges for the issuance or
renewal of all permits
1. Issue orders or decisions to herein required;
compel compliance with the
provisions of PD 984 and 4. Serve as arbitrator for the
its implementing rules and determination of
regulations only after reparations, or restitution
proper notice and hearing; of the damages and losses
resulting from pollution;
2. Make, alter or modify orders
requiring the 5. Deputize in writing or
discontinuance of pollution request assistance of

367
appropriate government ability to pay, degree of
agencies or willfulness, degree of
instrumentalities for the negligence, history of
purpose of enforcing this noncompliance and
Decree and its degree of recalcitrance;
implementing rules and
regulations and the orders Order the closure,
and decisions of the suspension of
Commission [now PAB]; development or
construction, or
6. Exercise such powers and cessation operations of
perform such other the stationary sources
functions as may be until such time that
necessary to carry out its proper environmental
duties and responsibilities safeguards are put in
under this Decree. place, and;
7. Issue to the City or Issue an ex parted order
Provincial Sheriff or duly for such closure,
constituted authorities suspension of
whom it may appoint, such development or
writs of execution as may construction, or
be necessary for the cessation of operations.
enforcement of such
decisions or orders; B.2 Under Section 48 of the
Clean Air Act, the Board
8. Promulgate rules and shall:
regulations for the
delegation of the powers Recommend to the proper
and functions of the Board government agencies to file the
to the Regional Offices of appropriate criminal charges
the Department; against the violators of the
Act.

EXPANDED POWERS OF THE Assist the public prosecutor in

BOARD the litigation of cases.

Pursuant to specific laws, the 7.Adopt and promulgate the

Board shall exercise, but not rules of practice and
be limited to, the following procedure in air pollution
powers: cases from stationary sources
under this Act, pursuant to
B.1 Under Section 45 of RA Section 2, Rule L of the IRR of
8749 (CAA) the Board shall: Clean Air Act.
Impose fines against the B.3 Under Section 28 of R.A.
owner or operator of a 9275, Clean Water Act of
stationary source; 2004, the Board shall:
Prepare a fine rating system Recommend to the DENR
to adjust the maximum Secretary the imposition of
fine based on the violator’s fines for acts of omission

368
prohibited under Section 27 of To remedy such predicament,
the Act. it has undertaken to work out
a system where notices are
Recommend to the DENR communicated through social
Secretary the issuance of media to the proponent on the
Cease and Desist Order for notice of violations and other
acts of omission prohibited legal matters, and if ever there
under Section 27 of the Act. is, the schedule of technical
Recommend closure, conferences, and the conduct
thereof are held through video
suspension of development or
construction, or cessation of conferences for clarifications
and verifications on the
operations or, where
appropriate, disconnection of violations committed by the
respondent. Electronic mail is
water supply under Section 28
one of the ways to send the
of the Act.
Notices, Resolutions and
Recommend filing of criminal Orders as well as the postal
charges against violators of services. Personal service is
acts prohibited by Section 28. also being made, especially if
the proponent cannot be
Recommend to the DENR contacted. The Section also
Secretary to order the Local provided contact numbers that
Water District or private water clients can directly
supplier to disconnect the communicate their concerns
water service of the violator. and clarifications.
Revoke or suspend a discharge
permit.
Cases Handled for CY 2022
Determine liability for clean-
up. The Legal Section, EMB
Region 6, acting as the
10.5.2 Gaps and Problems in Secretariat of the Board and
the Adjudication of Pollution on the delegated powers has
Cases issued the following Notices of
Violation for CY 2022:Under
The Regional Office,
RA 9275 or The Clean Water
particularly the Legal Section
Act - 383;
has some limitations when it
comes to transmitting and 1. Under RA 8749 or The
dispatching notices as well as Clean Air Act - 425;
in conducting technical
conferences with industries 2. Under PD 1856 or The
having committed Philippine Environmental
environmental violations. And Impact Statement System -
so, compliances are delayed 383; and
and oftentimes were not
received by the industries Under RA 6969 or Toxic
concerned. Substances and
Hazardous Wastes Act –
10.5.3 Measures Undertaken 167.

369
10.5.4.a No. of Violations (Discharge Permit &
issued per Law from CY Permit to Operate); 2.)
2018 up to CY 2022 Registration as Hazardous
Waste Generators; and have
Notices of Violations for been implementing their
the last five (5) succeeding projects without a valid
years, from CY 2018 up to CY Environmental Compliance
2022, were collated to Certificates (ECC). While the
illustrate and compare the latest number of issuances
numbers of the issuances per have considerably decreased,
year. NOVs defer each year with 1,358 NOVs.
and by law. As illustrated in
Table 1, the violations for
Permit & Clearances Table 1– Number of Issued Violations by
Requirements are often being Law from 2017 up to 2021
committed as compared to
violation of the DENR Effluent LAWS 201 2019 202 2021 2022
Standards and DENR Air 8 0
RA 9275 442 232 241 679 383
Quality Standards.
(Permit& Clear- 382 144 175 619 332
ance Require-
On CY 2018, there was ments
an evident increase in the (DENR Effluent 60 88 66 60 51
Standard)
issuances of NOV, which is RA 8749 199 164 148 794 425
946, this was brought about
(Permit& Clear- 199 163 143 792 424
by the Boracay Island ance Require-
Rehabilitation, wherein ments
(DENR Air 0 1 5 2 1
extensive inspections were Quality Stand-
conducted to verify the ard)
RA 6969 11 50 80 302 167
permits and clearances of the
establishments in the Boracay RA 9275 & RA 5 5 0 0 0
8749
Island. While on CY 2019, a PD 1586 289 378 191 226 383
noticeable decrease by 829
Operating with- 150 169 96 95 189
issuances. The next year, CY out an ECC
2020 issuances further Violation of 150 209 94 131 194
ECC Conditions
deceased due to the pandemic 946 829 660 2001 1358
TOTAL
by a total of 660.

There was an increase

in the issuance of Notice of
Violations for CY 2021, with a
total of 2001. Such rise is
caused by the strict
implementation of the
environmental laws of the
Office, wherein, evaluation
and review of each industry
were conducted, and found
that a great number of
industries have not renewed
the following: 1.) Permits

370
10.5.4.b No. of Cases Table 3– Number of Cases endorsed to
PAB from 2018 up to 2021
Resolved by the Region

Cases resolved by the LAW 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Region on CY 2018 has a total 135 3 6 - 1
of 56 Resolutions/Orders RA 9275
issued, as most of the cases RA 8749 142 -
were endorsed to PAB for
resolution of the pollution TOTAL 284 3 6 - 1
cases. On CY 2019 and CY
2020, there were 132 and 125
issued Resolutions/Orders, 10.5.4.d No. of Cases
respectively. An increase of resolved by PAB
Resolution/Orders were On CY 2018, a
issued on CY 2021 by 276, as significant number of the
establishments has gradually cases endorsed to PAB from
complied with their previous Boracay Island has paid and
violations. On 2022, settled the penalties imposed
establishments have by the Board.
continued with their
compliance, having issued 450 While on the succeeding
Resolutions/Orders. year, CY 2019, payments for
penalties imposed still
continues to come in. There
10.5.4.b No. of Cases are also cases dismissed by
endorsed to PAB the Board, as such
establishments were found to
Endorsement of be connected to the sewerage
pollution cases to the Board system of the island. The
are generally low in numbers Board remanded cases to the
in the past years, particularly Regional Office for its
on CY 2019 (3); CY 2020 adjudication in our level. As to
(6);CY 2021 (0) and CY 2022 the Final Lifting Orders
(1) as shown in Table 3. issued, these means that
respondents have already paid
However, on 2018, with the penalties, and have
the increase in the issuance of complied with the DENR
NOVs in Boracay Island, it standards, therefore cleared
follows that endorsement of and absolved of the violations
such cases to the PAB will committed.
ensue. A total of 284 cases
were endorsed by the Regional Since 2018 to 2020, out
Office that year. Thus, cases of 294 total number of cases
has significantly increased for indorsed to the PAB, 261 total
the imposition of fines and number of cases have been
penalties. resolved. There are still cases
to be resolved by PAB as cases
are still under litigation. For
CY 2018 where most if not all
of the cases were indorsed to
PAB. As of CY 2021, 263 cases

371
9.6 Analysis and
Interpretation

As shown in Table 4
above, for CY 2018, the Board
was able to resolved 159
cases, 1 of such case was
remanded to the Regional
Office while 19 cases were
dismissed. On the other hand,
139 or 87% of cases were
already settled the imposed
penalties. For CY 2019, out of
the 28 cases resolved by the
Board, 22 or 77% of cases
were already settled their
penalties as imposed by the
Board while 3 cases were
dismissed and another 3 cases
were issued with Final Lifting
Order on the issued Ceased
and Desist Order by the Board
after duly complying with the
standard and payment of
penalties. Subsequently, for
CY 2020, 48 cases were
resolved by the Board of which
1 case each were dismissed,
settled the penalty and
issuance of Final Lifting
Order. The remaining 45 cases
were remanded to the Regional
Office for further evaluation
and submission of necessary
documents to warrant
litigation. For CY 2021, 2
cases has settled the penalty
imposed and 2 were issued
with a Final Lifting Order,
while 24 cases were dismissed
by the Board for having
already complied with the
environmental requirements.

372
Abatement The reduction or elimination of pollution

Adverse health effect A health effect from exposure to air contaminants that may
range from relatively mild temporary conditions, such as
eye or throat irritation, shortness of breath, or headaches to
permanent and serious conditions such as birth defects,
cancer, or damage to lungs, nerves, liver, heart, or other
organs.

Airshed An airshed has similarities in climate, meteorology, and

topology that could affect the interchange and diffusion of
pollutants in the atmosphere, or those areas, which share
common interest or face similar development programs,
prospects, or problems.

Air quality monitoring Sampling for and measuring of pollutants present in the
atmosphere.

Air pollution Degradation of air quality resulting from unwanted

chemicals or other materials occurring in the air.

Air quality standards The level of pollutants prescribed by regulations that are
not to be exceeded during a given time in a defined area.

Alternative fuels Fuels such as methanol, ethanol, natural gas, and liquid
petroleum gas that are cleaner burning. These fuels may be
used in place of less clean fuels for powering motor
vehicles.

Ambient air quality standards Health-and-welfare-based standards for outdoor air that
identify the maximum acceptable average concentrations of
air pollutants during a specified period of time

Agricultural waste Waste generated from planting or harvesting of crops,

trimming or pruning of plants and wastes from run-off
materials from farms or fields.

Barangay Filipino term used to describe a community or village; also

the smallest political unit in the country.

Benzene An aromatic hydrocarbon that is produced by the burning

of natural products like coal and petroleum.

Bulky wastes Waste materials which cannot be appropriately placed in

separate containers because of either its bulky size, shape,
or other physical attributes. Either large worn-out or
broken household, commercial, industrial items.
Caron dioxide (CO2) A colorless, odorless gas that occurs naturally in the earth’s
atmosphere. Significant quantities are also emitted into the
air by fossil fuel combustion.

Chemical substance Any mixture of two or more chemical substances

Chemical mixture Any combination of two or more chemical substances if the

combination does not occur in nature and is not, in whole
or in the past.

Chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs) A family of inert, nontoxic, and easily liquefied chemicals

used in refrigeration, air conditioning, packaging,
insulation, or as solvents and aerosol propellants. CFCs are
not destroyed in the lower atmosphere and just drift into
the upper atmosphere where their chlorine components
destroy the ozone.

Climate change Used to imply a significant change from one climatic

condition to another. In some cases, “climate change” has
been used synonymously with the term, global warming;’
scientists however, tend to use the term in the wider sense
to also include natural changes in climate.

Collection The act of removing solid waste form the source or from a
communal storage plant.

Composting The controlled decomposition of organic matter by

microorganisms, mainly bacteria and fungi, into a humus-
like product.

Consumer electronics Special wastes that include worn-out, broken, and other
discarded items such as radios, stereos, and TV sets.

Controlled dump A disposal site at which solid waste is deposited in

accordance with the minimum prescribed standards of site
operation.

Disposal Discharge, deposit, dumping, spilling, leaking, or placing of

any solid waste into or in any land.

Disposal site A site where solid waste is finally discharged or deposited.

Ecological Solid Waste Management Systematic Administration of activities which provide for
segregation at source, segregated transportation, storage,
transfer, processing, treatment, and disposal of solid waste
and all other waste management activities which do not
harm the environment.
Emission standard The maximum amount of a pollutant that is allowed to be
discharged from a polluting source such as an automobile
or smoke stack.

Exceedance A measured level of an air pollutant higher than the

national or state ambient air quality standards.

Exposure The concentration of the pollutant in the air multiplied by

the population exposed to that concentration over a
specified time period.

Generation An act or process of producing solid waste.

Generator A person, natural or judicial, who last uses a material and

makes it available for disposal or recycling.

Greenhouse gas A gas, such as carbon dioxide or methane, which

contributes to potential climate change.

Hazardous substances Substances which present either short-term or long-term

environmental hazards such as acute toxicity or chronic
toxicity by ingestion, inhalation, or skin absoroption.

Hydrocarbon Compounds containing various combinations of hydrogen

and carbon atoms. These may be emitted into the air by
natural sources and as a result of fossil and vegetative fuel
combustion, fuel volatilization, and solvent use.
Hydrocarbons are a major contributor to smog.

Importation Entry of product or substances into the Philippines

(through seaport, airports entry). Any waste when placed in
landfill is reasonably expected not to undergo any physical,
chemical and/or biological change.

Indoor air pollution Air pollutants that occur within buildings or other enclosed
spaces, as opposed to those occurring in outdoor, or
ambient air. Some examples of indoor air pollutants are
nitrogen oxides, smoke, asbestos, formaldehyde, and
carbon monoxide.

Leachate Liquid produced when waste undergo decomposition, and

when water percolate through solid waste undergoing
decomposition.

New chemicals Any chemical substance imported into or manufacture in

the country after December 31, 1993 and are not included
in the Philippine inventory of chemicals and chemical
substances as published by the Department.
Manufacture The mechanical or chemical transformation of substances
into new products whether work is performed by power-
driven machines or by hand, whether it is done in factory or
in the worker’s home, or whether the products are sold at
wholesale or retail.

Materials Recovery Facility A solid waste transfer station or sorting, drop-off center, a
composting facility, and a recycling facility.

Mobile sources Sources of air pollution such as automobiles, motorcycles,

trucks, off-road vehicles, boats and airplanes.

Morbidity Rate of disease incidence

Mortality Death rate

Occupier One who must have a license to accept, produce, generate,

store, treat, recycle, reprocess, process, manufacture or
dispose of hazardous waste.

Open dump A disposal area wherein the solid wastes are

indiscriminately thrown or disposed of without due
planning and consideration for environmental and health
standards.

Ozone depletion Destruction of the stratospheric ozone layer that shields the
earth from ultraviolet radiation harmful to life. This
destruction of ozone is caused by the breakdown of certain
chlorine and/or bromine containing compounds
(chlorofluorocarbons or halon), which break down when
they reach the stratosphere and then destroy ozone
molecules.

Permit Legal authorization to engage in or conduct any or all of the

following: toxic chemicals – importation, storage,
manufacture, processing, selling, transport disposal;
hazardous wastes – storage, treatment, transport, export,
reprocessing, processing, recycle and disposal; hazardous
materials – importation or exportation.

PM2.5 Includes tiny particles with an aerodynamic diameter less

than or equal to a nominal 2.5 microns. This fraction or
particulate matter penetrates most deeply into the lungs.

PM10 Particulates smaller than 10 microns. Small particulates

are of special concern because of their ability to penetrate
deep into the lungs and cause major health impacts.
Pollutant Generally, any substance introduced into the environment
that adversely affects the usefulness of a resource or the
health of humans, animals, or ecosystems.

Pollution Any alteration of the physical, chemical, biological

properties of any water, air and/or resource of the
Philippines, or any discharge thereto of any liquid, gaseous
or solid waste, or any production of unnecessary noise, or
any emission of objectionable odor.

Receptacles Individual containers used for the source separation and

collection of recyclable materials.

Recovered materials Material and by-products that have been recovered or

diverted from solid waste for the purpose of being collected,
processed and used as a raw material in the manufacture
of recycled products.

Smog A combination of smoke and other particulates, ozone,

hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and other chemically
reactive compounds which, under certain conditions of
weather and sunlight, may result in a murky brown haze
that causes adverse health effects.

Stationary sources Non-mobile sources such as power plants, refineries, and

manufacturing facilities that emit air pollutants.

Total Suspended Particles (TSP) Fine liquid or solid particles such as dust, smoke, mist,
fumes, or smog found in air or emissions. This also
includes PM2.5 and PM10.

Waste generator Person who generates or produces, through any

commercial, industrial or trade activities, hazardous
wastes.

Waste treater Person who is licensed to treat, store, recycle or dispose of

hazardous wastes.

Source: Adapted from various air quality, solid waste management and water
quality glossaries