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4 - Structured Programming 1-11-2023

The document discusses different types of loops in C++ including for loops, which execute a block of code a specified number of times, nested loops where one loop is placed inside another, and the break and continue statements which allow skipping the current loop iteration or exiting the loop entirely. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to use for loops, nested loops, and the break and continue statements.

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33 views

4 - Structured Programming 1-11-2023

The document discusses different types of loops in C++ including for loops, which execute a block of code a specified number of times, nested loops where one loop is placed inside another, and the break and continue statements which allow skipping the current loop iteration or exiting the loop entirely. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to use for loops, nested loops, and the break and continue statements.

Uploaded by

abdoalsenaweabdo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Structured Programming

Presented by:

Dr . Mona Hussein Alnaggar


2023-2024
1st term
Lecture 4

1
Agenda

2
C++ For Loop
C++ For Loop

When you know exactly how many times you want to loop through a block of code, use the for loop
instead of a while loop:
C++ For Loop
C++ For Loop

• Statement 1 is executed (one time) before the execution of the code block.

• Statement 2 defines the condition for executing the code block.

• Statement 3 is executed (every time) after the code block has been executed.
C++ For Loop
C++ For Loop

The example below will print the numbers 0 to 4:

Example explained

• Statement 1 sets a variable before the loop starts (int i = 0).

• Statement 2 defines the condition for the loop to run (i must be less than 5). If the condition is true,
the loop will start over again, if it is false, the loop will end.

• Statement 3 increases a value (i++) each time the code block in the loop has been executed.
C++ For Loop
Another Example

This example will only print even values between 0 and 10:
C++ For Loop
Nested Loops

It is also possible to place a loop inside another loop. This is called a nested loop.

The "inner loop" will be executed one time for each iteration of the "outer loop":
C++ For Loop
The foreach Loop

There is also a "for-each loop" (introduced in C++ version 11 (2011), which is used exclusively to loop
through elements in an array (or other data sets):
C++ For Loop
The foreach Loop

The following example outputs all elements in an array, using a "for-each loop":
C++ Break and Continue
C++ Break

You have already seen the break statement used in an earlier chapter of this tutorial. It was used to
"jump out" of a switch statement.

The break statement can also be used to jump out of a loop.

This example jumps out of the loop when i is equal to 4:


C++ Break and Continue
C++ Continue

The continue statement breaks one iteration (in the loop), if a specified condition occurs, and continues
with the next iteration in the loop.

This example skips the value of 4:


C++ Break and Continue
Break and Continue in While Loop

You can also use break and continue in while loops:


C++ Break and Continue
Break and Continue in While Loop

You can also use break and continue in while loops:

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