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Chapter 6

Engineering notes

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37 views

Chapter 6

Engineering notes

Uploaded by

learntomindyourownbusinessokay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER SIX 6 STEAM GENERATOR'S COMPONENTS 6.1 Components A complete unit of a steam generator consists of 1. The pressure parts, (that is boiler and superheater tubes), which is supported by adequate steel structure. 2. Enclosure or setting- this is a wall, or casing, suitably shaped, to enclose and direct the flow of combustion gases, to support other components, and to insulate against flow of heat | from the interior to the boiler room atmosphere. 3. Combustion equipment - consists of the furnace, burners, stokers etc. Auxiliary - water pumps, fans, regulators, water treatment plants etc. 62 Design Criteria A steam power plantsoakd 1. give high thermal elfichony achieved by ase of aulary Inat ransfir surfaces, well- insulated casings and elfoxtive baTing 2. have high availabilty to service (should run for along, time without Frogucnt steps) and 3. have the ability to deliver clean steam and ability 10 adjust with varying loads, ‘To achieve the above mentioned requirements, the following design factors apply Physical fictors such as headroom and ocrspace requirements as well as hydraulic factors such as operating pressure and type of circulation. Boilers operating at high pressure use forced circulation. They also have high steaming rate because of low Iaent heat thus the need to supply water ‘more rapidly to avoid tube starvation and consequently ‘oveheatin. 2, Heat wansfer factors. These include baling discharge ‘ate, economisers, alr prchoaters. 3, Thermal factors. To avoid thermal stresses, feed water should be discharged ino the boiler at as near the saturation temperature as possible, Cold water discharged aginst the ‘oiler lading to contrction stresses. Joints and seams should ‘be well protected from the direct action of lames or hot gas. During burning the flame should not play directly upon the tube surfaces, 4. Safety factors: evicblainienance factors - provision of access to the boiler beads, gauges, safety and control (manhole ete) replacement of parts, cleaning of scale and soot 63. Types of Boilers Boilers may be classified on the basis of usage, tube content, tube shape and position, fumace positon, heat source and

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