Scribd
Upload
166 views

4 Association of Attributes

1) Association of attributes refers to two attributes appearing together more often than expected by chance. Correlation analyzes the relationship between two quantitative variables, while association studies the relationship between two attributes that cannot be quantitatively measured, like education level and crime. 2) Methods to measure association determine the relationship between phenomena that cannot be measured numerically, indicating only presence or absence of an attribute. Correlation coefficient indicates the degree of linear relationship between two variables. Coefficient of association shows if association between two attributes is positive or negative. 3) Correlation quantifies the strength of the linear relationship between two variables, showing how much one variable changes with the other. Association refers more generally to any statistical dependence between two random variables,

Uploaded by

ashujilhawar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as RTF, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
166 views

4 Association of Attributes

1) Association of attributes refers to two attributes appearing together more often than expected by chance. Correlation analyzes the relationship between two quantitative variables, while association studies the relationship between two attributes that cannot be quantitatively measured, like education level and crime. 2) Methods to measure association determine the relationship between phenomena that cannot be measured numerically, indicating only presence or absence of an attribute. Correlation coefficient indicates the degree of linear relationship between two variables. Coefficient of association shows if association between two attributes is positive or negative. 3) Correlation quantifies the strength of the linear relationship between two variables, showing how much one variable changes with the other. Association refers more generally to any statistical dependence between two random variables,

Uploaded by

ashujilhawar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as RTF, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Association of Attributes

Introduction, Association of Attributes


The meaning of association in statistical language is quiet different from the common meaning
of association. Commonly, if two attributes A and B appear together number of times then they
can be said to be as associated. But
according to Yule and Kendall, “In Statistics A and B are associated only if
they appear together in a greater number of cases than is to be expected, if
they are independent.”
Methods used to measure the association of attributes refer to those
techniques, which are used to measure the relationship between two such
phenomena, whose size cannot be measured and where we can only find the
presence or absence of an attribute. In the case of correlation analysis, we study the
relationship between two variables, which we can measure quantitatively. Similarly, in the case
of association we study the relationship between two attributes, which are not quantitatively
measurable. For example, level of education and crime. In association no variables are involved.
As it has been stated earlier an attribute divides the universe into two classes, one possessing
the attribute and another not possessing the attribute whereas the variable can divide the
universe into
any number of classes. Correlation coefficient is a measure of degree or extent of linear
relationship between two variables, whereas the coefficient of association indicates association
between two attributes and also whether the association is positive or negative. But with the
help of coefficient of association we cannot find expected change in A for a given change in B
and
vice-versa, as possible by regression coefficient, which is derived from correlation coefficient.

What is Correlation?
Correlation is a measure of the strength of the relationship between two variables. The
correlation coefficient quantifies the degree of change of one variable based on the change of
the other variable. In statistics, correlation is connected to the concept of dependence, which is
the statistical relationship between two variables
The Pearson’s correlation coefficient or just the correlation coefficient r is a value between -1
and 1 (-1≤r≤+1). It is the most commonly used correlation coefficient and valid only for a linear
relationship between the variables. If r=0, no relationship exist, and if r≥0, the relation is
directly proportional; the value of one variable increases with the increase in the other. If r≤0,
the relationship is inversely proportional; one variable decreases as the other increases.
Because of the linearity condition, correlation coefficient r can also be used to establish the
presence of a linear relationship between the variables.
What is Association?
The statistical term association is defined as a relationship between two random variables which
makes them statistically dependent. It refers to rather a general relationship without specifics of
the relationship being mentioned, and it is not necessary to be a causal relationship.
Many statistical methods are used to establish the association between two variables. Pearson’s
correlation coefficient, odds ratio, distance correlation, Goodman’s and Kruskal’s Lambda and
Spearman’s rho (ρ) are a few examples.

What is the difference between Association and Correlation?


• Association refers to the general relationship between two random variables while the
correlation refers to a more or less a linear relationship between the random variables.
• Association is a concept, but correlation is a measure of association and mathematical tools
are provided to measure the magnitude of the correlation.
• Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient establishes the presence of a linear
relationship and determines the nature of the relationship (whether they are proportional or
inversely proportional)
• Rank correlation coefficients are used to determine the nature of the relationship only,
excluding the linearity of the relation (it may or may not be linear, but it will tell whether the
variables increase together, decrease together or one increases while the other decreases or
vice versa).

You might also like