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Moles 4

The document provides information and examples for calculating moles, concentration, and volume in chemical reactions and gases. It defines the key equations for converting between moles, concentration (mol/dm3), and volume (dm3 or cm3). For gases, it notes that the molar volume at room temperature and pressure is 24 dm3 or 24,000 cm3. Examples are given for calculating each variable based on values provided for other quantities.

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Rafid Al Nahiyan
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36 views

Moles 4

The document provides information and examples for calculating moles, concentration, and volume in chemical reactions and gases. It defines the key equations for converting between moles, concentration (mol/dm3), and volume (dm3 or cm3). For gases, it notes that the molar volume at room temperature and pressure is 24 dm3 or 24,000 cm3. Examples are given for calculating each variable based on values provided for other quantities.

Uploaded by

Rafid Al Nahiyan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Calculating Moles

Equation:

Amount of Substance (mol) = Concentration x Volume of Solution (dm3)

Example:

Calculate the Moles of Solute Dissolved in 2 dm3 of a 0.1 mol / dm3 Solution

Concentration of Solution : 0.1 mol / dm3

Volume of Solution : 2 dm3

Moles of Solute = 0.1 x 2 = 0.2

Amount of Solute = 0.2 mol

Calculating Concentration
Equation:

Example:

25.0 cm3 of 0.050 mol / dm3 sodium carbonate was completely neutralised by 20.00 cm3 of dilute
hydrochloric acid. Calculate the concentration, in mol / dm3 of the hydrochloric acid.

Step 1 – Calculate the amount, in moles, of sodium carbonate reacted

Amount of Na2CO3 = ( 5.0 x 0.050 ) ÷ 1000 = 0.00125 mol

Step 2 – Calculate the amount, in moles, of hydrochloric acid reacted

Na2CO3 + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H2O + CO2

1 mol of Na2CO3 reacts with 2 mol of HCl


0.00125 mol of Na2CO3 Reacts with 0.00250 mol of HCl

Step 3 – Calculate the concentration, in mol / dm3, of the Hydrochloric Acid

1 dm3 = 1000 cm3

Concentration ( mol / dm3 ) = 0.00250 ÷ ( 20 ÷ 1000 ) = 0.125

Concentration of Hydrochloric Acid = 0.125 mol / dm3

Calculating Volume
Equation:

Example:

Calculate the volume of hydrochloric acid of concentration 1.0 mol / dm3 that is required to react
completely with 2.5g of calcium carbonate.

Step 1 – Calculate the amount, in moles, of calcium carbonate that reacts

Mr of CaCO3 is 100

Amount of CaCO3 = ( 2.5 ÷ 100 ) = 0.025 mol

Step 2 – Calculate the moles of hydrochloric acid required

CaCO3 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + H2O + CO2

1 mol of CaCO3 requires 2 mol of HCl

0.025 mol of CaCO3 Requires 0.05 mol of HCl

Step 3 – Calculate the volume of HCl Required

Volume = Amount of substance (mol) ÷ Concentration (mol / dm3)


= 0.05 ÷ 1.0

= 0.05 dm3 (the moles cancel out above and below the line)

Volume of Hydrochloric Acid = 0.05 dm3

Calculations Involving Gases


Volume of one mole of any gas is molar volume. It is 24dm3 or 24000 cm3 at R.T.P.

General Equation:

Calculating Volume

Equation:

Volume of Gas ( dm3 ) = Amount of Gas ( mol ) x 24

OR

Volume of Gas ( cm3 ) = Amount of Gas ( mol ) x 24000

Example:

Name of gas Amount of gas Volume of gas


Hydrogen 3 mol ( 3 x 24 ) = 72 dm3
Carbon Dioxide 0.25 mol ( 0.25 x 24 ) = 6 dm3
Oxygen 5.4 mol ( 5.4 x 24000 ) = 129600 cm3
Ammonia 0.02 mol ( 0.02 x 24 ) = 0.48 dm3
Calculating Moles

Equation:

Example:

Name of gas Volume of gas Moles of gas


Methane 225.6 dm3 ( 225.6 ÷ 24 ) = 9.4 mol
Carbon Monoxide 7.2 dm3 ( 7.2 ÷ 24 ) = 0.3 mol
Sulfur Dioxide 960 dm3 ( 960 ÷ 24 ) = 40 mol
Oxygen 1200 cm3 ( 1200 ÷ 24000 ) = 0.05 mol

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