Control Statements in Java

Presented By
Niloy Saha
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
 Outlines
Control Statements

Selection

Iteration

Jump

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 Selection Statements
 Selection Statements are also called Decision Making Statements.

Selection

Selection Statements

Switch Statement
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 if Statements
if Statements

Simple if

if else

if- else- if Ladder

Nested if
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 Simple if
Syntax :

if (condition)
{
statement1;
}

Purpose: The statements will be evaluated if the value of the condition is true.

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 Simple if
Flow Chart: Start

True False
Condition

Statements

End
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Example

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 if else
Syntax :
if (condition)
{
statement1;
}
else
{
statement2;
}

Purpose: The statement 1 is evaluated if the value of the condition is true otherwise
statement 2 is true.

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 if else
Flow Chart: Start

True False
Condition

Statement 1 Statement 2

End

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Example

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 If-else-if Ladder
Syntax :

if(condition)
statements;
else if(condition)
statements;
else if(condition)
statements;
...
...
else
statements;

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 Examples
import java.util.Scanner;
class Day else if (day == 3)
{ {
public static void main(String args[]) System.out.println("\n Wednesday");
{ }
Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in); else if (day == 4)
System.out.println("Enet day between 0 to 6 Day = "); {
int day = s.nextInt(); System.out.println("\n Thursday");
if (day == 0) }
{ else if (day == 5)
System.out.println("\n Sunday"); {
} System.out.println("\n Friday");
else if (day == 1) }
{ else
System.out.println("\n Monday"); {
} System.out.println("\n Saturday");
else if (day == 2) }
{ }
System.out.println("\n Tuesday"); }
}
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 Nested if
• A nested if is an if statement that is the target of another if or else.
• Nested ifs are very common in programming.

Syntax :

if(condition)
{
if(condition)
statements....
else
statements....
}
else
{
if(condition)
statements....
else
statements....
}
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Example

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 switch
Syntax :

switch (expression)
{
case value 1 :
statement 1 ; break;
case value 2 :
statement 2 ; break;
...
...
case value N :
statement N ; break;
default :
statements ; break;
}

Purpose: The statements N will be evaluated if the value of the logical expression is true.
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 switch
Start
Flow Chart:
Variable or Expression

Case A Case A Statements

True
break;
False

Case B Statements
Case B
break;
True
False

… Case C Statements
True break;
False

default Default Statements

End
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Example

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 Iteration Statements
Iterations/ Loops
Each loop has four types of
statements :
while
 Initialization
 Condition checking
 Execution
 Increment / Decrement do while

for

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 while
Syntax:
m=1
initialization while(m<=20)
while(final value) {
{ System.out.println(m);
statements; m=m+1;
increment/decrement; }
}

Purpose: To evaluate the statements from initial value to final value with given
increment/decrement.

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 Example
 print values from 1 to 10

class while1 Output :

{ 1
public static void main(String args[]) 2
{ 3
int i=1; 4
while(i<=10) 5
{ 6
System.out.println("\n" + i); 7
i++; 8
} 9
} 10
}
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 do while
Syntax:
initialization m=1
do do
{ {
statements; System.out.println(m);
increment/decrement; m=m+1;
} }
while(final value); while(m==20);

Purpose: To evaluate the statements from initial value to final value with given
increment/decrement.

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 Example
class dowhile1
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int i = 1;
int sum = 0;
do
{
sum = sum + i;
i++;
}while (i<=10);
System.out.println("\n\n\tThe sum of 1 to 10 is .. " + sum);
}
}

Output :
The sum of 1 to 10 is .. 55 22
 for
Syntax:

for(initialization;final value;increment/decrement) for(m=1;m<=20;m=m+1)

{ {
statements; System.out.println(m);
} }

Purpose: To evaluate the statements from initial value to final value with given
increment/decrement.

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 Example
class for1
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int i;
for (i=0;i<5;i++)
{
System.out.println("\nExample of for loop ");
}
}
Output :
Example of for loop
Example of for loop
Example of for loop
Example of for loop
Example of for loop
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Jump Statements
Jump

break

continue

return
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 The break statement
 This statement is used to jump out of a loop.
 Break statement was previously used in switch – case statements.
 On encountering a break statement within a loop, the execution continues with the next
statement outside the loop.
 The remaining statements which are after the break and within the loop are skipped.
 Break statement can also be used with the label of a statement.
 A statement can be labeled as follows.

statementName : SomeJavaStatement

 When we use break statement along with label as,

break statementName;

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 Example
class break1 Output :
{ 1
public static void main(String args[]) 2
{ 3
int i = 1; 4
while (i<=10)
{
System.out.println("\n" + i);
i++;
if (i==5)
{
break;
}
}
}
}
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 continue Statement
 This statement is used only within looping statements.

 When the continue statement is encountered, the next iteration starts.

 The remaining statements in the loop are skipped. The execution starts from the

top of loop again.

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 Example
class continue1 Output :
{ 1
public static void main(String args[]) 3
{ 5
for (int i=1; i<1=0; i++) 7
{ 9
if (i%2 == 0)
continue;

System.out.println("\n" + i);
}
}
}

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 The return Statement
 The last control statement is return. The return statement is used to
explicitly return from a method.
 That is, it causes program control to transfer back to the caller of the
method.
 The return statement immediately terminates the method in which it is
executed.

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 Example
class Return1
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
boolean t = true; Output :
System.out.println("Before the return."); Before the return.
if(t)
return; // return to caller
System.out.println("This won't execute.");
}
}

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Thank You