Scribd
Upload
35 views

GEN BIO - Lesson 3.1

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ in their structures. Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles and have DNA located in the nucleoid, while eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus and various membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotes include bacteria and archaea and are generally unicellular and smaller than eukaryotic cells. They exist in diverse shapes and thrive in extreme environments. Bacteria are further divided into subgroups including cyanobacteria, gram-positive and gram-negative types.

Uploaded by

Noella Faith Hipolito
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
35 views

GEN BIO - Lesson 3.1

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ in their structures. Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles and have DNA located in the nucleoid, while eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus and various membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotes include bacteria and archaea and are generally unicellular and smaller than eukaryotic cells. They exist in diverse shapes and thrive in extreme environments. Bacteria are further divided into subgroups including cyanobacteria, gram-positive and gram-negative types.

Uploaded by

Noella Faith Hipolito
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 27

PROKARYOTIC

CELL VS.
EUKARYOTIC
CELL
Emily Mharl M. Ruiz, LPT Objectives
01. Objectives
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

2 identify the organelles


1 present in prokaryotic
distinguish prokaryotic and and eukaryotic cells and

< eukaryotic cells according


to their distinguishing
its composition, and
>
features

3
create a representation/ graphic organizer of
the comparison of prokaryotes and eukaryotes
through a Venn diagram
Prokaryotic cells are characterized
by having
• No nucleus
• DNA in an unbound region called the
nucleoid
• No membrane-bound organelles
• Cytoplasm bound by the plasma
membrane
Eukaryotic cells are characterized
by having
– DNA in a nucleus that is bounded by a
membranous nuclear envelope
– Membrane-bound organelles
– Cytoplasm in the region between the plasma
membrane and nucleus
Prokaryotes are single-celled
organisms that lack a membrane-
bound nucleus, mitochondria, and
all other organelles.
Its name comes from the Greek
words pro, which means ―before,
and karyon, which means ―nut or
kernel.
Eukaryotes are organisms with cells that
contain membrane-bound nucleus and
other membrane-bound organelles.
The nucleus of a eukaryotic cell contains
the genetic material (DNA), enclosed by a
nuclear envelope.
Other membrane-bound organelles are
mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and
chloroplast found in photosynthetic
organisms such as algae and plants.
Most prokaryotes are unicellular,
although some species form colonies.
Most prokaryotic cells are 0.5–5 µm,
much smaller than the 10–100 µm of
many eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells three most common
shapes are spheres (cocci), rods
(bacilli), and spirals.
Prokaryotes thrive almost everywhere,
including places too acidic, salty, cold,
or hot for most other organisms.
They have an astonishing genetic
diversity.
Prokaryotes are divided into two
domains: bacteria and archaea.
BACTERIA
AND
ARCHAEA Objectives
DOMAIN:
ARCHAEA
Emily Mharl M. Ruiz, LPT Objectives
• Archaea are prokaryotes and share certain
traits with bacteria and other traits with
eukaryotes.
• Some archaea live in extreme environments
and are called extremophiles.
• Extreme halophiles live in highly saline,
salty environments.
• Extreme thermophiles thrive in very hot
environments.
• Methanogens live in swamps and marshes
and produce methane as a waste product.
• Methanogens are strict anaerobes and are
poisoned by O2
• In recent years, genetic prospecting has
revealed many new groups of archaea.
• Some of these may offer clues to the early
evolution of life on Earth.
DOMAIN:
BACTERIA
Emily Mharl M. Ruiz, LPT Objectives
• Bacteria include the vast majority of
prokaryotes of which most people are
aware.
• Diverse nutritional types are scattered
among the major groups of bacteria.
• Rhizobium are nitrogen fixing bacteria.
They form root nodules in legumes
(mutualism ++ ) and fix atmospheric N2
• Agrobacterium produces tumors in plants
and is used in genetic engineering.
• Escherichia coli resides in the intestines of
many mammals and is not normally
pathogenic.
COMMON BACTERIA
• Chlamydias are parasitic bacteria that live within
animal cells.
• Chlamydia trachomatis causes blindness and
nongonococcal urethritis by sexual transmission.
• Spirochetes are helical heterotrophs.
• Some, such as Treponema pallidum, which causes
syphilis, and Borrelia burgdorferi, which causes
Lyme disease, are parasites.
CYANOBACTERIA
• Cyanobacteria are
photoautotrophs that
generate O2
• Plant chloroplasts likely
evolved from cyanobacteria
by endosymbiosis.
EUBACTERIA
GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA
Gram-positive bacteria include
– Actinomycetes, which decompose soil.
– Bacillus anthracis, the cause of anthrax.
– Clostridium botulinum, the cause of botulism.
– Some Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, which can be
pathogenic.
– Mycoplasms, the smallest known cells.

You might also like