SEMM2413 THERMODYNAMICS

Tutorial: Chapter 2
Instructions:

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3-3C
What is the difference between saturated vapor and superheated vapor?
3-4C
What is the difference between saturated liquid and compressed liquid?
3-8C
A homemaker is cooking beef stew for his family in a pan that is (a) uncovered,
(b) covered with a light lid, and (c) covered with a heavy lid. For which case will the
cooking time be the shortest? Why?
3-13C
What is quality? Does it have any meaning in the compress liquid or superheated
vapor regions?
3-22C
In the absence of compressed liquid tables, how is the specific volume of a
compressed liquid at a given P and T determined?
3-113
Complete the blank cells in the following table of properties of steam. In the last
column, describe the condition of steam as compressed liquid, saturated mixture,
superheated vapour, or insufficient information, and, if applicable, give the quality.

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3-114
Complete the blank cells in the following table of properties of refrigerant-134a. In the
last column, describe the condition of refrigerant-134a as compressed liquid, saturated
mixture, superheated vapour, or insufficient information, and, if applicable, give the
quality.

3-31
A 1.8-m3 rigid tank contain steam at 220°C. One-third of the volume is in the liquid
phase and the rest is in the vapor form. Determine (a) the pressure of the steam,
(b) the quality of the saturated mixture, and (c) the density of the mixture.
Answers: (a) 2320 kPa, (b) 0.0269, (c) 287.8 kg/m3

Schematic diagram Q3-31.

3-34
10 kg of R-134a fill a 1.115-m3 rigid container at an initial temperature of −30°C. The
container is then heated until the pressure is 200 kPa. Determine the final temperature
and the initial pressure. Answers: 14.2°C, 84.43 kPa
3-39
1 kg of R-134a fills a 0.14-m3 weighted piston-cylinder device at a temperature of
−26.4℃. The container is now heated until the temperature is 100℃. Determine the
final volume of the R-134a. Answers: 0.3014 m3

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3-45
10 kg of R-134a at 300 kPa fills a rigid container whose volume is 14 L. Determine the
temperature and total enthalpy in the container. The container is now heated until the
pressure is 600 kPa. Determine the temperature and total enthalpy when the heating
is completed. Answers: T1 = 0.61°C, H1 = 545.6 kJ, T2 = 21.55°C, H2 = 846.4 kJ

Schematic diagram Q3-45.

3-47*
Water is initially at 200 kPa and 300°C is contained in a piston-cylinder device fitted
with stops. The water is allowed to cool at constant pressure until it exists as a
saturated vapour and the piston rests on the stops. Then the water continues to cool
until the pressure is 100 kPa. On the T-υ property diagram, sketch, with respect to the
saturation lines, the process curves passing through the initial, intermediate, and final
states of the water. Label the T, P, and υ values for end states on the process curves.
Find the overall change in internal energy between the initial and final states per unit
mass of water. Answer: 1300 kJ/kg

Schematic diagram Q3-47.

3-53
A rigid tank with a volume of 1.8 m3 contains 40 kg of saturated liquid-vapor mixture
of water at 90°C. Now the water is slowly heated. Determine the temperature at which
the liquid in the tank is completely vaporized. Also, show the process on a T-υ property
diagram with respect to saturation lines. Answer: 256°C

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3-54
A piston-cylinder device contains 0.005 m3 of liquid water and 0.9 m3 of water vapor
in equilibrium at 600 kPa. Heat is transferred at constant pressure until the
temperature reaches 200°C.
a) What is the initial temperature of the water?
b) Determine the total mass of the water.
c) Calculate the final volume.
d) Show the process on a P-𝒗𝒗 property diagram with respect to saturation lines.
Answers: (a) 158.8°C, (b) 7.395 kg, (c) 2.604 m3

Schematic diagram Q3-54.

3-59
1 kg of water fills a 150-L rigid container at an initial pressure of 2 MPa. The container
is then cooled to 40°C. Determine the initial temperature and the final pressure of the
water. Answers: 395°C, 7.385 kPa

Schematic diagram Q3-59.

3-60
10 kg of R-134a fill a 0.7-m3 weighted piston-cylinder device at a pressure of 200 kPa.
The container is now heated until the temperature is 30°C. Determine the initial
temperature and final volume of the R-134a. Answers: −10.09°C, 1.1874 m3

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3-61
A piston-cylinder device contains 0.6 kg of steam at 300°C and 0.5 MPa. Steam is
cooled at a constant pressure until one-half of the mass condenses.
a) Show the process on a T-υ property diagram.
b) Find the final temperature.
c) Determine the volume change.
Answers: (b) 151.83°C, (c) −0.2008 m3
3-62
A piston-cylinder device initially contains 1.4 kg saturated liquid water at 200°C. Now
heat is transferred to the water until the volume quadruples and the cylinder contains
saturated vapor only. Determine (a) the volume of the cylinder, (b) the final
temperature and pressure, and (c) the internal energy change of the water.
Answers: (a) 0.006476 m3, (b) T2 = 371.3°C, P2 = 21367 kPa, (c) 1892 kJ

Schematic diagram Q3-62.

3-64
A rigid tank initially contains 1.4 kg saturated liquid water at 200℃. At this state, 25%
of the volume is occupied by the water and the rest by air. Now heat is supplied to the
water until the tank contains saturated vapour only. Determine (a) the volume of the
tank, (b) the final temperature and pressure, and (c) the internal energy change of the
water.
Answers: Refer final answers in Q-62
3-65
A piston-cylinder device initially contains 50 L of liquid water at 40°C and 200 kPa.
Heat is transferred to the water a constant pressure until the entire liquid is vaporize.
a) What is the mass of the water?
b) What is the final temperature?
c) Determine the total enthalpy change.
d) Show the process on a T-υ property diagram with respect to saturation lines.
Answers: (a) 49.61 kg, (b) 120.21°C, (c) 125,950 kJ

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3-79
A mass of 10 g of oxygen fills a weighted piston-cylinder device at 20 kPa and 100℃.
The device is now cooled until the temperature is 0℃. Sketch a schematic diagram
and determine the change of the volume in the device during this cooling. Treat the
oxygen as an ideal gas. Given the gas constant of oxygen is 𝑅𝑅 = 0.2598 kJ⁄kg ∙ K.
Answers: −0.013 m3
3-80
A mass of 0.1 kg helium fills a 0.2 m3 rigid vessel at 350 kPa. The vessel is heated
until the pressure is 700 kPa. Sketch the schematic diagram and calculate the
temperature change of helium (in K) because of this heating. Given the gas constant
of oxygen is 𝑅𝑅 = 2.0769 kJ⁄kg ∙ K
Answers: 337 K
3-115
A rigid tank contains an ideal gas at 300 kPa and 600 K. Now half of the gas is
withdrawn from the tank and the gas is found at 100 kPa at the end of the process.
Determine (a) the final temperature of the gas and (b) the final pressure if no mass
was withdrawn from the tank and the same final temperature was reached at the end
of the process.
Answers: (a) 400 K (b) 200 kPa

Schematic diagram Q3-115.

3-120
A rigid tank contains nitrogen gas at 227℃ and 100 kPa gage. The gas is heated until
the gage pressure reads 250 kPa. If the atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa, determine
the final temperature of the gas, in ℃.
Answers: 602℃

Schematic diagram Q3-120.

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3-125
A 10-kg mass of superheated R-134a at 1.2 MPa and 70℃ is cooled at constant
pressure until it exists as a compressed liquid at 20℃.
(a) Show the process on T-υ property diagram with respect to saturation lines.
(b) Determine the change in volume.
(c) Find the change in total internal energy.
Answers: (b) −0.187 m3, (c) −1984 kJ
3-132*
Water initially at 300 kPa and 0.5 m3/kg is contained in a piston-cylinder device fitted
with stops so that the water supports the weight of the piston and the force of the
atmosphere. The water is heated until it reaches the saturated vapour state and the
piston rests against the stops. With the piston against the stop, the water is further
heated until the pressure is 600 kPa. On the P-υ and T-υ property diagrams, sketch,
with respect to the saturation lines, the process curves passing through both the initial
and final states of the water. Label the states on the process as 1, 2, and 3. On both
the P-υ and T-υ property diagrams, sketch the isotherms passing through the states
and show their values, in ℃, on the isotherms.
Answers: 𝑇𝑇1 = 133.5℃, 𝜐𝜐2 = 0.6058 m3 ⁄kg , 𝑇𝑇2 = 133.5℃, 𝑇𝑇3 = 517.8℃

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