Journal of Positive School Psychology http://journalppw.

com
2022, Vol. 6, No. 8, 3813-3824

Impact Of E-Payment System On Consumer Buying Behavior:

A Study In Jordan
Malak Mohammad Ghaith1 & Yahya Mohammad Ghaith2
1
Lecturer in Luminus Technical University College (LTUC). Email: [email protected] &
[email protected]
2
DBA at Lincoln University, USA. Email: [email protected].

Abstract:
The Jordanian banking industry is vital in injecting capital via various forms of financial security. Reforms
in the banking sector in Jordan are intended to restore the country's competitiveness. Digital transactions
like debit/credit card payments and bank wire transfers are accepted from our customers. Financial
authorities in Jordan have adopted a number of measures to assist the country's economy in realigning with
global trends. With this study, we set out to learn more about how people in Jordan perceive and use
electronic payment systems, as well as how these systems have affected their purchasing habits. In this
respect, a Likert-scale questionnaire was used to obtain primary data from the Jordanian population.
Descriptive, factor, correlation, and regression analyses were then performed to verify the effect of the e-
payment system on customer behavior. The findings show that the e-payment system has had a considerable
impact on the people of Jordan. According to the study, e-payment systems are not a luxury but a need for
a country to efficiently join the global financial network, compete in this market, and reap the advantages
of globalization. Therefore, financial institutions must proactively develop and roll out electronic payment
systems, such as the cash-lite economic plan launched by Jordan's Central Bank in 2012. It has been shown
via statistical analysis that the use of electronic payment systems has a profoundly favorable effect on
customer behavior.

Keywords: E-payment, Jordan, Consumer Buying Behavior, Finance.

Introduction: phase, such as using search engines, reading

Customers may pay for services through social media postings (Adebayo et al., 2017), or
electronic means using an e-payment system. participating in other activities. This method is
Advances in the field of information technology important for organizations because it allows
have made use of e-payments essential. They are them to better match their marketing efforts to
sometimes referred to as online payment services those that have effectively encouraged customers
such as e-wallets as well as bank transfers, are to purchase in the past (Al-Dmour et al., 2021).
becoming more popular as alternatives to the
It's impossible to overstate the importance of the
traditional means of making electronic payments,
financial system's intermediary function in
such as debit and credit cards, and direct bank
helping people save, making commercial
deposits, as well as e-checks (Abubakar, 2013).
transactions easier, and allocating resources more
Prior to making a purchase, customers perform a efficiently for productive investment. When it
variety of steps to research the product or service. comes to pumping financial securities into the
A number of actions may be taken throughout this economy, the banking sector plays a critical role
 Malak Mohammad Ghaith 3814

(Alkhwaldi & Al Eshoush, 2022). There have many developing nations, such as Jordan
been a variety of constitutional reforms, (Ardiansah et al., 2020).
economic policies, as well as banking regulations
Direct costs of utilizing just cash as a medium of
implemented in Jordan since the country's
exchange are anticipated by the Central Bank of
independence in 1948 in an effort to improve
Jordan (CBJ) to reach a stunning amount of 129
overall economic performance. The primary goal
billion Jordanian dinars in 2012. Large cash use
of Jordan's banking reforms has been to put the
is connected with robberies and other cash-
country back in a position to compete
related crimes, as well as cash handling, poor
competitively in the global financial system.
treasury administration owing to the nature of
The Central Bank of Jordan (CBJ) was created in cash processing, high subsidies, and high cash
1964 as an autonomous and independent transactions from the informal sector. CBJ
monetary institution with its own corporate launched the cashless policy in 2014 in order to
identity. CBJ focuses on ensuring the financial reduce the use of cash in everyday transactions
system stability of the Kingdom. It also functions and to spur quicker economic development.
as a Banker for banks other specialized lending Against these backgrounds, the CBJ implemented
organizations, but also a Banker and fiscal agent the cashless policy in 2014 (Ardiansah et al.,
of something like the government other official 2020).
public entities. Furthermore, the Central Bank
It is critical to recognize that a number of
takes steps required to remedy financial and
significant aspects are impacting customer
economic difficulties and it also supports the
behavior in today's marketing climate. When it
government on the formation of the financial and
comes to making purchase choices, customers are
economic policies in the Kingdom. CBJ is also
rethinking their methods of gathering
responsible of defining rules and standards
information. According to Adeyemi (2016),
essential for the way commercial banks and
today's customers are more aware and are looking
financial institutions interact with their clients in
for methods to increase their pleasure. When it
a fair and equitable manner, in addition to
comes to making purchasing choices, consumers
developing the public understanding of financial
are no longer depending on marketers to offer
and banking activities (Jordan, 2022). Cash-
them the information they need; instead (Chin &
based transactions must be deemphasized in favor
Ahmad, 2015), they are utilizing the internet as
of electronic payment systems in order to attain
well as other technology to do it themselves. The
this goal (Alkhwaldi & Al Eshoush, 2022).
positioning of the overall competitive strategy for
Jordan's financial regulators have taken a variety SMEs is thus promoted by an awareness of who
of steps to help the country's economy reorient the consumers are, how they make choices, and
itself in line with global trends. In the recent in which customers would give the highest value.
decade, the Commercial Bank Recapitalization, It is necessary for customers to use new tools,
the implementation of electronic banking, and the tactics, and strategies in order to get correct
shift to a cashless financial system in 2014, where information about their product options, price,
JoMoPay was officially launched on 1/4/2014 competing items, and payment types (Chin &
which is the most major financial changes in Ahmad, 2015).
banking. Transitioning from conventional cash
Fast-evolving technologies like electronic
economies to cashless economies with the main
commerce (such as the Internet) and expanding
goal of economic growth is still in its infancy in
consumer expectations are propelling this sector
forward. Using the internet to do business has
3815 Journal of Positive School Psychology

been a more common practice, and this has a Objectives

direct impact on our fast-paced lifestyles and the The objectives for the current study are given
widespread usage of websites among most felids. below:
It has recently been incorporated into most of our
To explore the knowledge of e-payment systems
systems and everyday routines (Garrouch, 2021),
in Jordan.
erasing traditional methods in the process. We
live in a digital age, where anybody may see To investigate the impact of e-payment systems
whatever, we do or say. It doesn't matter whether on consumer behavior.
the corporation gives an online payment
assurance to existing and predictable consumers. Literature Review
The company's processes and policies for The development and security of electronic
persuading clients to make online payments are payment techniques are critical to the long-term
spreading the word about the benefits of doing so. viability of electronic payment. Trust and faith in
As technology has advanced in recent years, this technology remain low among Internet users,
consumers now have access to a more varied and whether in terms of revealing their own personal
enjoyable range of interactive options. information or preventing their card details from
Computers have had a significant influence on being stolen and used by someone else, an
communications, but their potential for corporate essential factor in the spread of culture and the
expansion has long been recognized by the usage of electronic media is a country's
general public (Ghosh & Saha, 2018). educational attainment level (Ho et al., 2020).
Yet, the absence of such a culture would lead to a
Due to advancements in Internet technology, number of issues, the most serious of which is the
there has been an increase in the number of lack of trust in electronic payment. E-commerce
services that may be paid for online, necessitating transactions have been made easier, faster, more
the need for a system to facilitate electronic secure, and at a lower cost thanks to the electronic
payment. Commercial banks as well as billers payment process. Electronic payments, on the
(businesses that bill customers for a specific other hand, increase the amount of data, financial
service) are scrambling to provide ways for as well as other digital data that may be misused
customers to pay using the electronic payment for fraudulent purposes, as well as the number of
methods that are becoming more popular (Halim electronic payments and fraud methods that are
et al., 2020). Jordan's Central Bank and National created (Ho et al., 2020). Certain payment
Payments Council have teamed together to methods are more preferred by some than others,
establish an electronic bill collecting and such as payment upon receipt due to concerns
payment system in answer to this requirement. about being paid with electronic cards as a result
However, according to the Central Bank's data, of fraud or theft, inability to access purchased
the collection rate for monies via this method still goods due to theft or loss, or delivery of goods
seems to be low compared to the usual payment that are damaged or missing due to delays on one
procedure for individuals who do have bank side or both sides. All of this necessitates that this
accounts and those who do not. Previous research critical problem is examined and discussed in a
has shown that electronic payment systems are variety of contexts at the national and
important, although they have been adopted at a international levels (Hsieh et al., 2013).
low rate (Hidayanto et al., 2015).
An investigation of whether the usage of mobile
payment technologies is related to the use of
credit cards was conducted by T. Meyll and his
 Malak Mohammad Ghaith 3816

colleagues in 2018. People who use their expectations of effort, the effect of social
cellphones to make purchases are more likely to interactions, and facilitative limitations all played
exhibit their credit cards, and there is a clear a role (P. Lai et al., 2020).
correlation between novel payment methods and
Momani et al, (2017) investigated the habits of
an increase in expenditure, according to a survey
Jordanian electronics consumers. The research
of more than 25,000 Jordanian families.
looked at how fast Jordanian consumers are
Jordanian consumers' trust in internet commerce
making electronic purchases and what it means
was examined by Alkhlaifat et al. (2017). The
for the future of Jordan's e-commerce industry. In
researchers surveyed 150 students of the
addition, the research found that examining how
University of Jordan to get a sense of how
people behave in electronic procurement
consumers feel about e-commerce. They used the
provides a comprehensive picture of their
results of the survey to draw conclusions.
purchasing habits. As part of this study,
Consumer behavior, as well as privacy, have a
researchers looked at six behaviors, namely: the
substantial influence on e-commerce customer
optimum time of day to buy, location, device used
trust, according to this research (Hsieh et al.,
in the purchase (P. C. Lai & Ahmad, 2014),
2013).
consumer's assessment of the website's offerings
Consumers' intentions to use payment-on-receipt and delivery time, and preferred payment
in e-commerce were examined by Halaweh methods. These preceding six characteristics
(2017), who found a rise in payment-on-receipt were shown to have a significant impact on both
users during the previous several years. When it consumer e-procurement and population
comes to admitting customers to the payment-for- dispersion, according to the research (Lin &
receipt model, there hasn't been much study done. Nguyen, 2011).
The purpose of this research was to find out what
e-commerce is an important part of Jordanian
motivates consumers to pay upon receipt of their
banks' role in promoting and developing the e-
e-commerce purchases. Partially low squares
commerce industry, but there is a lack of
analysis was used to test the (Junadiª, 2015) study
community awareness and knowledge of banking
hypotheses (PLS). The study found that the
operations among Jordanian banks’ customers,
perceived security, privacy, as well as
according to Sana'a Masuda (2017). This lack of
trustworthiness of the payment mechanism had a
community awareness and knowledge is a result
significant impact on its adoption. Electronic
of the lack of a banking culture as well as the
payment acceptance was the subject of research
awareness of banking operations among
conducted by Isa et al. (2017). Studying the
Jordanian banks customers (Özkan et al., 2010).
causes for the rise of electronic payment systems
in the government, the researchers found that the Jordan's adoption of internet commerce was
number of people queuing in public places was a examined in research by Yaseen and his
major factor (Kelana et al., 2017). colleagues in 2016. The report pointed out that
the dissemination of the Internet across
There is still a lack of public interest in using
developing nations had opened the doors towards
these systems even if attempts have been made to
electronic commerce to a major degree as Jordan
persuade people otherwise. It was thus decided to
becomes part of this system with such a great
undertake research on what influences customers'
proliferation of the Internet. In most cases, these
adoption of electronic payment methods.
e-commerce applications have been implemented
Findings from the research demonstrated
through social networking sites. The research
elements such as expectations of performance,
looked at the present issues affecting Jordanian
3817 Journal of Positive School Psychology

consumers' ability to make sound purchase physically inspecting the products they want to
decisions (Özkan et al., 2010). purchase, the survey found that electronic
businesses were on the rise in the country, despite
Al-Nuemat (2017) examined Jordan's credit card
the fact that many of the payment methods
laws and regulations. He pointed out that the
available to them were not widely accepted.
usage of electronic cards has already been widely
According to the findings, both technology
acknowledged in recent years owing to the
advancements and local cultural norms have a
growth of financial services in Jordan. Among
direct impact on how consumers make electronic
other things, he said that Jordan's MPs failed to
transactions (Xena & Rahadi, 2019). These
change the country's unique credit card
elements were examined in this research, and the
legislation. Credit card usage has become a
results showed that they had a significant
source of anxiety and uncertainty for many
influence on consumers' expectations for future
individuals because of regulations in this area that
purchases.
may have an impact in various ways (Rasool &
Rajmohan, 2018). An investigation of the role of Here in the figure 1.1, it is been demonstrated
cash and debit cards in restricting the quantity of through the payment onion the key elements of
exchange was conducted by Lola Hernandez and Jordan’s national payment system. There are six
her colleagues in 2017. In light of the current key elements which are, end users using
economic woes throughout the world, this payer/payee for transactions, then comes
research was conducted. instrument which are using electronic wallets and
prepaid cards. Third element is the provider
Cash payments and debit card payments are
which are using ATMs, Kiosk Machines and
equally beneficial for tracking household
internet. While products/services, channels and
spending, according to new research. The
system are using banks, global payment system,
findings of Abu-Shamaa, et al. (2015) focused on
and higher technology such as ECC, and ACH or
the elements that influence people's desire to
JoMoPay.
purchase electronic goods via e-commerce
websites. Despite Jordanians' penchant for
 Malak Mohammad Ghaith 3818

Figure 1.1 Key Elements of Jordan’s National Payment System

Theoretical Framework

Dependent Variables Independent Variables

Payment
experiences

Consumer behavior e- payment system

Buying
experiences

after data have been collected and evaluated.

Methodology Because of this, the researcher may verify the
Design study's fundamental assumptions by examining
Designing the research, or research design is the data. how an explanatory study may be
crucial after determining the research issue. utilized to build a new technique deductively
Because of the study's architecture, researchers (Barkhordari et al., 2017c).
were able to act on research topics like "what,
Participants
when, where, how, or by what means," for
Only the Jordanian population working for small
instance. The most typical study designs are
and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) were
exploratory and conclusive. In this setting,
included in the study's target population. As part
experimenting tends to be qualitative whereas
of the consent procedure, we made it clear to
finalizing tends to be quantitative (Barkhordari et
everyone who participated that their information
al., 2017a). Two of the most prevalent types of
would be used for academic reasons. Researchers
conclusive study designs are descriptive and
expanded their coverage by contacting members
causal. In our investigation, we used a cross-
of the wider technical community. Men and
sectional approach. A cross-sectional design, as
women of all ages were expected to attend (Al-
well as a quantitative approach, are used in this
Dmour et al., 2021).
research. Numerical data collected in the present
investigation may be analyzed statistically Materials
(Barkhordari et al., 2017b). The three components of the survey were used to
create a five-point Likert scale questionnaire that
Deductive approach
was used to gather the data. Demographic data,
The initial stages of the deductive process include
such as age and socioeconomic status were
accepting and refining an actual subject
evaluated in the first part of the research;
hypothesis into more specific, testable
however, hostile insider threats and operational
hypotheses. Additional filtering may be
practices were the emphases in the second half.
necessary to correct theoretical misconceptions
3819 Journal of Positive School Psychology

The answers to the 21 questions which comprised values, as well as factor analysis, were utilized to
that section of the exam forms the basis of those determine the scale data's credibility. Next,
variables (Alkhwaldi & Al Eshoush, 2022). Pearson correlations, as well as multiple
regressions, were used to investigate the effect of
Procedure
independent factors upon dependent variables,
For the purposes of this study, the respondents
respectively (Aldiabat, 2019).
were asked to rate their demographics,
cybercrime threats in online banking, and Results
banking processes on a 1 to 5 Likert scale. As a
Demographics
result of the questionnaire being published on
The demographics of survey participants are
Google Forms, participants were personally
shown in Table 1. Percentages are shown in the
contacted and given direct links to fill out the
following table based on gender, age, marital
form. The respondents were informed that the
status, education, and job experience. There are
information they provided would be used only for
55% of men and 45% of women answered the
academic purposes by asking a consent-related
survey's questions; 52.1% of the overall
question at the beginning of the survey (Hashem,
population is single, and 48.9% are married,
2020).
indicating that the vast majority of people who
Analytical Procedures answered the survey are not married. According
For the statistical analysis in this research, we to the table, the rest of the category distribution
utilized SPSS v26.0 for Windows. Descriptive may be found (Aldiabat, 2019).
statistics have been used for this aim. Alpha

Table 1. Percentage Distribution

Table N %
Gender of the respondents Male 55.0%
Female 45.0%
Marital status of the respondents Single 52.1%
Married 48.9%
Age of the respondents 18-25 years 30.8%
25-35 years 53.4%
35-50 years 15.8%
Above 50 0.0%
Qualification of the respondents Graduation 30.2%
Master 49.9%
PhD 5.5%
Other 14.4%
Experience of the respondents Less than 1 year 8.2%
1-5 years 51.6%
6-10 years 30.4%
Above 10 years 5.9%
 Malak Mohammad Ghaith 3820

Descriptive Analysis standard deviations. A mean of 2.5 is found for

In describing data using descriptive statistics, you consumer behavior in renting, both of which are
may utilize summary statistics like frequency significantly below average according to
distributions or measurement items' means and descriptive statistics.

Table 2 Descriptive Statistics

N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation
e-payment system 100 1.00 5.00 4.5205 .42610

Consumer 100 1.00 5.00 3.5656 .47386

Behavior
Valid N (listwise) 100

Reliability Analysis N %
For future statistical studies, it determines Cases Valid 100 99.1
whether or not data is credible. For correlation Excluded 1 .9
Table 4 Reliability and regression, Total 106 100.0
Statistics data with a a. Listwise deletion based on all variables
Cronbach's N of Items Cronbach alpha in the procedure.
Alpha value of 0.7 or
.760 21 above are Factor Analysis
deemed Factor analysis is used if a factor maintains the
reliable. Cronbach's Alpha is 0.76 out of the 21 variables and enough coherence to sustain the
items in Table 4, which is fairly reliable. variables. E-payment system has extraction
Correlation and regression analysis may be values of 0.6 to 0.7, which is adequate to retain
performed on the data using the most recent the variables. Consumer behavior in factor
Cronbach's Alpha values. analyses does well with a score of 0.7-0.8.
Table 3 Case Processing Summary
Table 5 Factor Analysis
Initial Extraction
E-payment system 1.000 .874
Consumer Behavior 1.000 .698
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

Correlation Analysis between increased adoption of e-payments and

E-payment banking's adoption is strongly higher-level technologies like this. P=0.000
suggested by a correlation study of the data, indicates that the correlation between the two
which shows a strong positive correlation variables is positive.
3821 Journal of Positive School Psychology

Table 6 Correlations
E-payment Consumer
System Behavior
E-payment System Pearson Correlation .548**
1
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
N 100 100
Consumer Behavior Pearson Correlation .548**

Sig. (2-tailed) .000 1

N 105
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

Regression Analysis relationship between these two variables. In the

E-payment systems and consumer behavior have regression, we see that the electronic payment
been included as independent variables in this method has an positive effect on consumer
study's regression analysis, which shows the Behavior.

Table 7 Model Summary

Model R R Square Adjusted R Std. Error of
Square the Estimate
a
1 .563 .163 .224 .04278249
a. Predictors: (Constant), E-payment System
b. Dependent Variable: Consumer Behavior

Table 8 shows the effect of the independent variable upon that dependent one with a B=0.540 significance
level and p=0.000.

Table 8 Coefficients
Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized t Sig.
Coefficients
B Std. Error Beta
1 (Constant) .000 .089 .003 .997
E-payment System -.660 .032 .448 3.440 .001

a. Dependent Variable: Consumer Behavior

completed surveys consisting of 100 questions

Discussion each. The survey had a response rate of 79
Consumers' purchasing experiences in Nigeria percent, and the statistical analysis was (Aljabaly
are examined in this research, which focuses on & Alfarsi, 2017) conducted using basic
both the buying as well as the payment percentage as well as regression analysis. There
experiences. A pre-selected group of 100 people is a correlation between e-payment and customer
 Malak Mohammad Ghaith 3822

satisfaction in the research region, according to purchasing. This implies that the usage of
the hypothesis. As a result, e-payment improves physical currency, which has fostered crimes
trust, responsiveness, and certainty among involving the use of cash, such as armed robberies
consumers. For retailers, e-payment adoption and burglaries, would be drastically reduced
might be a way to attract consumers' interest in (Abu-Shamaa & Abu-Shanab, 2015).
buying and make business transactions more
convenient, according to Moses (2015). Bibliography

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