UNIT 7: TRANSFORMATION

1. TRANSLATION Example: Find the image of y  2 x  1 under translation

2
Movement of each point on a plane in a certain distance and T   .
 3 
direction (which is represented by a vector).
Solution 1:
Following image is translated under the vector AB .
 x   2   x2 
    
 2 x  1  3   2 x  2 
Let x  2  u then 2 x  2  2u  6
 x2   u   x 
That is,    , here convert u into x , so  
 2 x  2   2u  6   2x  6 
Let A(1,2) and B(3,3) be two points. That is, y  2 x  6
Let’s obverse the translation of point P(4,3) under the vector
 2 Solution 2:
AB  (2,1)    .
1 2
If y  2 x  1 is translated under   , then the image is
 3 
y
6 y  (3)  2( x  2)  1
5 So, y  2 x  6
P'
4

3 AB=(2,1) B P Example: Find the image of y  x2  2 x  1 under translation

A 3
2
T  
1  4 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x

P(6,4) is the image of P(4,3) under translation represented by

Composition of Translation
 2 a
  vector. Let P( x, y) is translated to P( x, y) under T1    ,
1 b
In Matrix notation, translation can be formulized as following:
c
then P( x, y) is translated to P( x, y) under T2    .
Point + Translation Vector = Image d 
That is,
P AB P
 4  2  6
      
 3  1  4

Example: Find the image of points A(4,3) B(3,2) C (0,5)

 2 
under the translation T    and show them on the
1
following coordinate plane.
y
6

4 P P P 
 x   a   x   c   x 
3
That is,             or
2  y   b   y   d   y 
1 P P 
 x   a  c   x 
T1 oT2      
 y   b  d   y 
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
–1

–2

–3

–4

–5

–6

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 UNIT 7: TRANSFORMATION

Example: Find the image of M  4, 6  when translated through  1

4. Find the image of 3x  4 y  2  0 under translation T    .
 2  4 3
T1    and then T2    .
 
3  1

 4 5. Find the image of parabola y 2  2 x  3  0 under translation

Example: If point M  4, 6  is translated through T1    and
 7   4 
T  .
then through T2 , then image is M   5,11 . Find T2 . 2

6. Find the image of circle x2  y 2  3x  4 y  9  0 under

Example: (UAN 2003) 1
translation T    .
 3   2 
The 2 x  3 y  6 line is translated with   matrix and then
2
1
translated again with   matrix. The image is …
 1 

7. What is the image of A  1,4  when translated through

0  2 
T1    and then T2    .

 
5 9
Assignment:

1. Find the image of A(4,1) , B(5,6) and C (1,7) under

 4 
translation T    .
2

8. What is the image of B  2, 1 when translated through

1  3   5
2. The image of (4,9) under translation T is (1,12) . Find T1 oT2 oT3 if T1    , T2    , and T3    .
 4  1   6 
translation T .

3. Given the points A(1,4) , B(3,2) and C (1,4) . Find

a. the image of A under translation of vector BC .

b. the image of C under translation of vector BA .

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 UNIT 7: TRANSFORMATION

2. ROTATION Example: Find the rotation of y  3x  5 under the rotation

about origin of  .
Revolving around a fixed point. Rotation is determined by three
important items:
1. P  center of the rotation
2. clockwise ()  direction of the rotation
3. 135o  measure of the rotation

Example: (UN 2008 PAKET A/B)

Persamaan bayangan garis y  5x  3 karena rotasi dengan
pusat O(0,0) bersudut 90o adalah …
The rotation of y  5x  3 under the rotation about origin of
90o is …
1. Rotation of 𝜽 (degree or radian) around the origin 𝑶(𝟎, 𝟎)

If P( x, y) is rotated by  around the origin O(0,0) in a

counterclockwise () direction, then the image is P( x, y) .

2. Rotation of 𝜽 (degree or radian) around the center 𝑨(𝒂, 𝒃)

x  R  cos y  R  sin 

x  R  cos      R   cos   cos  sin   sin  

 R  cos   cos  R  sin   sin 
x y x  a  R  cos y  b  R  sin 
 x  cos  y  sin 
x  a  R  cos      R   cos   cos  sin   sin  
y  R  sin      R   sin   cos  cos   sin    R  cos   cos  R  sin   sin 
xa y b
 R  sin   cos  R  cos   sin 
  x  a   cos   y  b   sin 
y x

 y  cos  x  sin 
 x  sin   y  cos y  b  R  sin      R   sin   cos   cos   sin  
 R  sin   cos  R  cos   sin 
 x  cos  sin    x  y b xa

 y   sin  
cos   y    y  b   cos   x  a   sin 
  
  x  a   sin    y  b   cos
Example: Find the image of P(2,5) under the rotation about
origin of  x  cos  sin    x  a   a 
    
cos   y  b  b 
  y  sin 
2
Example: Find the image of P(2,5) under the rotation around
the point A(1,2) of

 
2

 
3



3

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 UNIT 7: TRANSFORMATION

Composition of Rotation 
2. Find the image of x  2 y  1  0 under the rotation of
Let P( x, y) is rotated about O through  to P( x, y) , 2
then P( x, y) is rotated about O through  to P( x, y) . around the origin.


3. Find the image of 3x  y  1  0 under the rotation of 
2
around Q(1,3) .

As observed, P( x, y) is the rotation of P( x, y) about O

through    . So,
 x  cos      sin      x 
 y   sin    
     cos       y 
Example: Find the image of P(4,2) rotated through 15o , then
rotated through 75o about origin.

4. Find the image of P(2,5) rotated through 75o , then

through 45o about origin.

Assignment:

1. Find the images of A(3,2) , B(5, 4) and C (2, 6) under
following rotations
Rotation Center
& A(3,2) B(5, 4) C (2, 6)
Rotation Angle
O(0,0)
&

2
O(0,0)
&

3
O(0,0)
&


4
Q(2, 1)
&


2
Q(3,4)
&


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 UNIT 7: TRANSFORMATION

3. REFLECTION 2. Reflection of a Point with respect to Lines Parallel to axes

The reflection of P( x0 , y0 ) wrt x  a is

Mirroring with respect to axis of reflection (or axis of symmetry)

P(2a  x0 , y0 )
1. Reflection of a Point with respect to the Coordinate axes

The reflection of P( x0 , y0 ) wrt x-axis is

 1 0   x0   a    a   1 0  x0   2a 
P( x0 ,  y0 ) P       y    0     0   P   0 1    y    0 
 0 1   0        0  
1 0   x0  Example: Find the reflection of M (12,7) with recpect to the
P    
0 1  y0  line x  3 .

The reflection of P( x0 , y0 ) wrt y-axis is

The reflection of P( x0 , y0 ) wrt y  a is

P( x0 , y0 )
 1 0  x0 
P     P( x0 ,2a  y0 )
 0 1   y0 

The reflection of P( x0 , y0 ) wrt origin is

1 0    x0  0  0 1 0   x0   0 
P                P       
0 1   y0  b   b  0 1  y0   2b 
P( x0 ,  y0 )
Example: Find d the reflection of M (10, 8) with recpect to the
 1 0   x0  y  10
P    
 0 1  y0 

3. Reflection of a Point with respect to Another Point

Example: Find the reflection of B(4, 5) , D(4,5) & The reflection of P( x0 , y0 ) wrt A(a, b) is
E(a  b, b) with recpect to the x–axis, y-axis, and origin.

P(2a  x0 ,2b  y0 )

 1 0    x0   a    a   1 0   x0   2a 
P                P       
 0 1   y0  b   b   0 1  y0   2b 
Example: Find the reflection of A(5, 3) with respect to (4,2)

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 UNIT 7: TRANSFORMATION

4. Reflection of a Point wrt the Lines y  x and y   x Example: Find the reflection of y  2 x  1 wrt y  x axis.
Hint: Choose two points of line y  2 x  1
The reflection of P( x0 , y0 ) wrt y  x is
Reflect these points.
Find the line passing through these image points

P( y0 , x0 )
0 1   x0 
P    
1 0  y0 

The reflection of P( x0 , y0 ) wrt y   x is

Composition of Reflection
P(  y0 ,  x0 )
 0 1  x0  1. Reflection of a Point with respect to Parallel Lines
P    
 1 0   y0  P( x, y) is reflected wrt x  a and then P is reflected wrt x  b .

Example: Find the reflection of L(7,4) with recpect to the line

y  x and y   x .

5. Reflection of a Point with respect to a Line

P
 
 1 0  1 0  x   2a    2b 

P             
 0 1    0 1   y   0    0 
 

1 0   x   2  b  a  
P       
0 1   y   0 

Example: Find the image of A(2,4) when reflected wrt the

Find the equation of lineAA1 line x  2 and then reflected wrt the line x  5
Find intersection point H
Since H will be midpoint of AA1 ,
We can find A1
Example: Find the reflection of (2,4) wrt x  y  6  0 .

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 UNIT 7: TRANSFORMATION

P( x, y) is reflected wrt y  a , then P is reflected wrt y  b .

Assignment:

1. Find the image of A(3,2) , B(5, 4) and C (2, 6) with
respect to following reflection axes.

with respect to A(3,2) B(5, 4) C (2, 6)

x–axis

y–axis

origin

x4

P
  y  3
 1 0   1 0   x  0    0 
P             
0 1  0 1  y   2a    2b  R(4,12)
 
yx
1 0   x   0 
P       
0 1   y   2  b  a   y  x

Example: Find the image of B(3, 5) when reflected wrt the y  2x  4
line y  3 and then reflected wrt the line y  7 .

2. Reflection of a Point with respect to Intersecting Lines

P( x, y) is reflected wrt l line and then reflected wrt m line.

2. Find the reflection of y  3x  5 wrt y   x axis.

As observed, m  POP  2(   ) . So, we can find the image by

3. Find the reflection of y  x2  2 x  3 wrt y  3 line.
rotation of 2(   ) around O , where O is the intersection
point.

Example: (UN 2011 PAKET 12)

Persamaan bayangan garis y  2 x  3 karena refleksi terhadap
garis y   x , dilanjutkan refleksi terhadap y  x adalah …
The image of y  2 x  3 line when it is reflected with respect to
y   x line and then reflected with respect to y  x line is …

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 UNIT 7: TRANSFORMATION

4. DILATION 2. Dilation with center at point 𝑨(𝒂, 𝒃)

Image of P( x, y) under dilation  A(a, b), k  is P( x, y) .
Enlarging or reducing a plane without changing the shape.
Dilation is determined by two important items:
1. P  center of the dilation
2. k  dilation factor x  a  k   x  a 
y  b  k   y  b 

If T is dilated with center P by scale factor k , then T  is the

image. So, PT   k  PT

 x  a   k 0   x  a   x   k 0   x  a   a 
 y   b    0 k    y  b    y    0 k    y  b    b 
             
P T T'
Dilation with center at P by scale factor k is denoted by  P, k  Example: Find the following images under given dilations

Based on scale factor k , there are following possibilities: Point Dilation Image
 A(2,3),2
1 k 0  k 1
y y (4,8)  A(2,3),1 2
 A(2,3), 1 3
C' B' C B

C B A' C' B' A

A A'

x x
1  k  0 k  1 Composition of Dilation
y y

C B
Let P( x, y) is dilated by scale factor k to P( x, y) ,
C B
A
then P( x, y) is dilated by scale factor l to P( x, y)
A
x

A'
A' x
B' C' B' C'

1. Dilation with center at origin 𝑶(𝟎, 𝟎)

Image of P( x, y) under dilation O, k  is P( x, y) .

x  k  x
y  k  y
 x   k 0   x   x   k 0   x   x   l 0   k 0   x  
 y    0 k    y   y   0 k    y    y  0 l     0 k    y   
                   
 x  l  k 0   x 
   
 y  0 l  k   y 
Example: Find the following images under given dilations Example: Find the image of M (2,4) if it is dilated under O,3 ,
and then dilated under O, 2 .
Point Dilation Image
O, 2
(4,12) O, 3
O, 1 4
O,1 2

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Assignment: 5. COMBINATION OF TRANSFORMATIONS

1. Find the following images under given dilations Example: (UN 2007 PAKET B)
Bayangan garis 3x  y  2  0 apabila direfleksikan terhadap
Point Dilation Image
garis y  x , dilanjutkan rotasi sebesar 90o dengan pusat O(0,0)
(10,4) O,1 2 adalah …
(3,5) O,3 The image of 3x  y  2  0 when it is reflected with respect to

(6,9) O, 1 3 y  x , then rotated around O(0,0) by 90o is …

(0,2)  M (2,1),4
(7, 6)  N (2,4), 1 5
(3,6)  P(1,2),1 4

2. Find the image of line x  2 y  3  0 under the dilation of

 O, 2

Example: (UN 2007 PAKET B)

 1 Persamaan bayangan lingkaran x2  y 2  4 bila dicerminkan
 O,  2 
   3 
terhadap garis x  2 dilanjutkan dengan translasi   adalah …
4
The image of circle x2  y 2  4 when it is reflected with respect
 3 
to x  2 , then translated through   is…
4

  A(2,3), 2

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Example: (UN 2010 PAKET A) Review Test

 3
Sebuah garis 3x  2 y  6 ditranslasikan dengan matiks   ,  2
 4  1. The point B is translated by   gives the point B1. Then
1
dilanjutkan dilatasi dengan pusat di O dan faktor 2. Hasil
transformasinya adalah …  4
the point B1 is translated by   gives the point B11 (6, -1).
 3  3
Line 3x  2 y  6 is translated through   and then dilated
 4 
Coordinate of the point B is …
with center O by scale factor 2 . The result of the transformation A.(3, 2) B.(2, 3) C.(0, -7) D.(-7, 0) E.(1, 8)
is…

2. Given the line K : 2x + 3y = 5. If the line K is translated by

 4
  gives the line k1, then the equation of the line k1 is …
5

A.2x = 3y = 12 B.2 = 3y = 16 C.2x = 3y = 24

D.2x = 3y = 25 E.2x + 3y = 28

Example: (UN 2012/D49)

Bayangan kurva y  3x  9 x2 jika dirotasi dengan pusat O(0,0)
sejauh 90o dilanjutkan dengan dilatasi dengan pusat O(0,0) dan
faktor skala 3 adalah …
The image of curve y  3x  9 x2 when it is rotated around
O(0,0) by 90o and then dilated with center O(0,0) by scale
3. The point P (2, -4) is reflected to the line x = -3 gives the
factor 3 is …
point p1. Coordinate of the point p1 is …

A.(-6, -4) B.(-8, -4) C.(-10, -4) D.(-12, -4) E. (-15, -4)

4. The point Q (1, -6) is reflected to the line y = -5 gives the

point Q1. Coordinate of the point Q1 is …

A.(1, -10) B.(1, -16) C.(1, 16) D.(1, -4) E.(1, 4)

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5. The point (-2, 4) is reflected to the line y = -x gives the point … 8. A plane figure is rotated through 30 counterclockwise then
is rotated again through 45o counterclockwise. The matrix
A.(-4, 2) B.(-4, -2) C.(-, -2) D.(4, 2) E.(2, -4) that represents the two transformations mentioned is …

1 6  2  6  2  1 6  2  2  6 
A.   B.  
4  6  2 6  2  4  6  2 6  2 

1 6  2  2  6  1 6  2  2  6 
C.   D.  

4 6  2 6 2  4  6  2 6  2 

1 6  2  6  2 
E.  
4  6  2 6  2 

6. The point A is rotated through 90o gives the point A1. If A (3,
-5) and the rotation is counter clockwise, then coordinate of
the point A1 is …

A.(5, -3) B.(5, 3) C.(-5, -3) D.(3, 5) E.(-3, 5)

9. Give the points: A (3, 2), B (5, 6), C (7, 2). The triangle ABC
then gets a dilatation of scale factor 4 to the center O. The
area of dilatation result is …

A.100 B.120 C.128 D.144 E.168

7. A figure in XY plane is rotated through 45o clockwise then

reflected to Y axis. The matrix that represents the result of
the two transformations mentioned is …

1  1 1 1 1 1 1  1 1
A. 2  B. 2  C. 2 
2  1 1 2 1 1 2  1 1 10. If the point (2, 3) is reflected to the line x + 4y + 5 = 0 then
the image is …

1  1 1 1  1 1 2 3 2 3 2 1
D. 2  E. 2  A.(  ,2 ) B.( ,2 ) C.( 2 , 1 )
2  1 1  2  1 1 17 17 17 17 17 17

2 1 4 16
D.( 2 ,1 ) E.(  , 5 )
17 17 17 17

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