Chapter 3

Research Design and Methodology

This chapter consist of three parts: (1) Purpose of the

Study and Research Design, (2) Method, and, (3) Statistical

Data Analysis Procedure.

Part One, Purpose of the Study and Research Design,

restates the purpose of the study, describes the research

design and enumerates the variables used in the study.

Part Two, Method, describes the participants, the data

gathering instrument and the research procedure employed in

the study.

Part Three, Statistical Data Analysis Procedure,

discusses the procedure for scoring and statistical tools used

to test the hypotheses.

Purpose of the Study and Research Design

This study focused on the Mobile Games, Academic

Performance, and Social Behavior of Senior High School

students of Manuel F. Onato National High School for the

school year 2022-2023.

This study will utilize the survey – correlational

research design. According to Ponto (2015), survey research

involves the collection of information from a sample of

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individuals through their responses to questions. This type of

research allows for a variety of methods to recruit

participants, collect data, and utilize various methods of

instrumentation.

According to Fraenkel and Wallen (2009), correlational

research is a research which purpose is to find out the

relationship between two or more variables and their cause and

effect. In addition, Creswell (2012) states that “a

correlation is a statistical test to determine the tendency or

pattern for two (or more) variables or two sets of data to

vary consistently.”

In this study, the independent variables were the mobile

games played by senior high school student while the dependent

variable was the academic performance of the students and

their social behavior.

The descriptive statistics used in the study were the

mean, and standard deviation. The inferential statistics were

T-test on Independent Samples, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

and Pearson’s r. The alpha level of significance was set at

0.05.
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Methods

Participants

The participants of this study will be the one hundred

fifty-four (154) randomly selected from a population of two

hundred fifty (250) Senior High School (Grade 11 and Grade 12)

students of Manuel F. Onato National High School for the

school year 2022-2023 during the first grading period.

The participants will be chosen using the stratified

random sampling. Stratified random sampling is a method of

sampling that involves the division of a population into

smaller subgroups known as strata. In stratified random

sampling, or stratification, the strata are formed based on

members’ shared attributes or characteristics, such as income

or educational attainment (Hayes, 2022). The required numbers

of participants will be determined using the Slovin formula.

Students will be selected at random using the stratified

proportional sampling by means of drawing of lots. This means

that all available students who is applicable to answer the

questionnaire will answer with their names indicated, rolled

and placed in the box. From the box, the required number of

respondents will be picked, without looking, and then drawn

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from the box and served as the participants in the study. The

proportional allocation formula was used to get the

appropriate sample size from various groups or classes of the

population involved in the study.

Table 1

Proportional allocation of the sample size in each section

(and strand)

Manuel F. Onato National High School

Senior High School
Section/Strand Population Size Sample
GRADE 11
Aquamarine (ABM) 18 11
Topaz (GAS) 33 20
Turquoise (GAS) 34 21
Opal (TVL) 20 12
Tanzanite (SMAW) 16 10

GRADE 12
Zircon (ABM) 18 11
Crystal (GAS) 37 23
Citrine (GAS) 36 22
Alexandrite (TVL) 27 17
Gypsum (SMAW) 11 7
N = 250 n = 154

Profile of Respondents

As shown in Table 2, out of 154 senior high school

students, 79 (50%) were males and 75 (47.5%) were females. In

terms of age, 5 (3.2%) have ages of below 15 years old, 132

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(83.5%) have ages 16-18, and 17 (10.8%) have ages above 19

years old.

In terms of family monthly income, only 2 (1.3%) of the

respondents have a family income of above ₱30, 001 monthly; 12

(7.6%) of them have family income ranging ₱15, 001 – ₱30, 000

monthly; 28 (17.7%) of the respondents have a family income of

above ₱5001 - ₱15, 000; and 116 (73.4%) have a family income

of below P5, 000. As reflected in the table, majority of the

respondents came from families whose monthly income is below

Php 5, 000.

On the other hand, in terms of religion of the

respondents, 105 (66.5%) are Roman Catholic; 13 (8.2%) are

Seventh-Day Adventist; 34 (21.5%) are Baptist; and 2 (1.3%)

are belong to others. It can be seen from the table that

majority of the respondents are Roman Catholic.

In terms of civil status of the respondents, 131 (82.9%)

are Single; 27 (17.1%) are in relationship; 0 (0%) and are

married. Most of the respondents of this study are Single.

Lastly, in terms of Length of Period that the respondent

spent in playing mobile games, 134 (84.8%) spent 1-2 hours; 16

(10.1%) spent 3-5 hours; 2(1.3%) spent 6-8 hours; and 2(1.3%)

spent over 12 hours.

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Table 2

Distribution of Respondents Classified as to Certain Variables

Category F %
Entire Group 154 100
Sex
Male 79 50
Female 75 47.5

Age
Below 15 years old 5 3.2
16 to 18 years old 132 82.5
Above 19 years old 17 10.8

Family Monthly Income

Above ₱30,001 2 1.3
₱15, 000 - ₱30, 000 12 7.6
₱5 ,001 to ₱15 ,000 28 17.7
Below ₱5,000 116 73.4

Religion
Roman Catholic 105 105
Seventh-Day Adventist 13 8.2
Baptist 34 21.5
Iglesia ni Cristo 0 0
Others 2 1.3

Civil Status
Single 131 82.9
In relationship 27 17.1
Married 0 0

Length of Period
1-2 Hours 134 84.8
3-5 hours 16 10.1
6-8 hours 2 1.3
over 12 hours 2 1.3

Data – Gathering Instruments

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Mobile Games. The mobile games played and its effect to

Senior High School students will be assessed using a

questionnaire adopted from ‘The Effects of Online Games in

Academic Performances’ by Diampoc, Q. T., et al. (2019) which

consists of 12-items checklist involving the time spent used

in playing, types of mobile games played, class participation

and class attendance checklist.

The following are the responses and description, using a

5-point Likert Scale:

Response Description

5 Strongly Agree
4 Agree
3 Neither agree or disagree
2 Disagree
1 Strongly Disagree

For the descriptive interpretation of the mean score, the

scale below was used:

Scale Description

4.21 – 5.00 Very High

3.41 – 4.20 High
2.61 – 3.40 Moderate
1.81 – 2.60 Low
1.00 – 1.80 Very Low

Social Behavior. The social behavior of Senior High

School students will be assessed using the questionnaire

adopted from a survey questionnaire of University of Baltimore

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which is composed of 10-items involving exposure, aggression,

and control checklist.

The following are the responses and description, using a

5-point Likert Scale:

Response Description

5 Strongly Agree
4 Agree
3 Neither agree or disagree
2 Disagree
1 Strongly Disagree

For the descriptive interpretation of the mean score, the

scale below was used:

Scale Description

4.21 – 5.00 Very High

3.41 – 4.20 High
2.61 – 3.40 Moderate
1.81 – 2.60 Low
1.00 – 1.80 Very Low

Academic Performance. The academic performance of Senior

High school students will be procured from their first quarter

gradings of the school year 2022-2023 in their school cards

issued by their advisers.

For the descriptive interpretation of mean score, the

scale below was used:

Grading Scale Descriptors

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90-100 Outstanding
85-89 Very Satisfactory
80-84 Satisfactory
75-79 Fairly Satisfactory
Below 75 Did Not Meet Expectations

Data – Gathering Procedures

Before the study will be conducted, a letter of

permission from the school’s principal will be sought first.

Upon approval, the researcher will then conduct a stratified

random sampling among the Senior High School students to

determine the sample size. The respondents will be picked

randomly from the list of students in every section using the

lottery method. After getting the final list of respondents,

the researcher will then administer the test mobile games and

its effects to students to have a baseline data.

With the final list of respondents, the researcher will

seek a letter of permission to adviser of these students to

obtain the final grades of this respondents from their first

grading report card.

The data that will be obtained from the test and academic

performance from the card will be processed, encoded, and

analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences

(SPSS).

Statistical Data Analysis Procedures

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The following statistical tools were employed in the

analyses of the data gathered.

Mean. This will be used to determine the level of answers

from mobile games questionnaire and academic performance of

students.

Standard Deviation. This will be used to determine the

homogeneity and heterogeneity of responses of students in

terms of mobile games and academic performance.

ANOVA. This was used to determine the significance

differences in the academic performance and social behavior

when they are grouped in terms of playing mobile games.

T-test for Independent Samples. This will be used to

determine the significant difference in the academic

performance of students when they are compared to mobile

games.

Pearson’s r. This was used to determine the relationships

among the mobile games and academic performance of students.

All inferential tests were set at 5% alpha level of

significance.