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Chapter 4

The document discusses different properties of materials that can be used to classify and group them. It describes seven properties - appearance, hardness, solubility, buoyancy, transparency, conductivity of heat and electricity. Classifying materials makes it easier to identify, sort and locate objects. It helps understand similarities and differences between materials. Some materials like metals have the properties of lustre and conductivity, while materials like wood float on water. Grouping objects and materials facilitates their study and identification.

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Abhinaba Paul
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78 views

Chapter 4

The document discusses different properties of materials that can be used to classify and group them. It describes seven properties - appearance, hardness, solubility, buoyancy, transparency, conductivity of heat and electricity. Classifying materials makes it easier to identify, sort and locate objects. It helps understand similarities and differences between materials. Some materials like metals have the properties of lustre and conductivity, while materials like wood float on water. Grouping objects and materials facilitates their study and identification.

Uploaded by

Abhinaba Paul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter - 4 (Class-6)

Sorting Materials Into Groups


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1. What is Matter?
->Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass along with it. Objects around
us are made from a different variety of materials that we see in our day to day life.

2. What is Material?
->Material is a substance that is used for making things. A material could be used to
make a large number of different objects. An object could be either made of a single
type of material or of many different types of materials.

3. What’s the Properties of Materials


->
i. Appearance :

Materials can be classified on the basis of how they look or appear to be. Some
materials have lustre, which is a very gentle sheen or soft glow to them while
others are plain and dull looking. Materials that have such lustre can usually be
classified as Metals. Examples include gold, copper, aluminium, iron etc. Usually,
a metal loses its lustre after some time due to the action of moisture and air on
it. Therefore only freshly-cut metals appear to have lustre on them.

ii. Hardness :

Materials can also be classified on the basis of hardness.

Materials that can be easily compressed or scratched are called Soft.

Materials that cannot be scratched and are difficult to compress are termed
as Hard.

iii. Soluble or Insoluble :

Materials that can be dissolved in water upon stirring are said to


be soluble materials. For Example, Sugar and Salt can be dissolved in water.
Materials that cannot be dissolved in water no matter how much we stir them
are said to be insoluble materials. For Example, Stones and Clothes cannot be
dissolved in water.

Not just solid materials, even liquids have the property of being soluble or
insoluble. For Example, Lemon juice can easily dissolve in water while oil does not
dissolve and deposits as a thin layer on the uppermost layer of water.

iv. Objects may float or sink in water :

There are some insoluble objects or materials which sink to the bottom of the
surface when dissolved in water while some other float on the surface of the
water. For Example, leaves and corks float in water while rocks and coins sink in
water.

v. Transparency :

Objects or materials which can be seen through are said to


be transparent objects. For Example, Glass, clear water and some plastics can be
seen through and are hence transparent materials.

Objects and materials through which things can be seen but only partially are
called Translucent objects. Butter paper and frosted glass are some examples of
translucent objects.

Objects which cannot be seen through are known as opaque objects. For Example,
Metals, wood and cardboard are some examples of opaque materials as you
cannot see through them.
Vi. Good and bad conductor of heat :
All metals are good conductors of heat whereas wood is the bad conductors of heat.

Vii. Good and bad conductor of electricity :


Material that allows electric current to pass through them easily is called the good
conductors of electricity. For example, metals are known as good conductors of
electricity.
Materials that do not allows electric current to pass through them is called bad
conductors of electricity. For example- wood, plastic, rubber, cork are bad
conductors of electricity.

4. Why do we need to group objects? / What are the advantages of classification?

->We need to group objects for a number of reasons:

The several advantages of the classification of material is given below:


(a) It helps in the identification of objects.
(b) It helps in the sorting of the objects.
(c) It also helps in locating things when unable to find it.
(d) It makes the study of different objects easy and meaningful instead of studying
each material separately from each other which becomes hard.
(e) It helps to understand similarities and dissimilarities between the objects around
us.

5. What is ‘Buoyancy’?

-> The upward force applied by the fluid on the object or the body when an object is
put in or submerged in the fluid is termed as Buoyancy.
6. Name some transparent materials.
-> Air , Water , Clear glass , Plastic
7. What are ‘Lustrous’ materials?
-> Lustrous materials are those that have a shine on them. Metals are lustrous. Due
to this property metals are widely used for making jewellery.
8. Why things are grouped together ?
->Things are grouped together for convenience and to study their properties.

Hard: Materials which cannot be pressed easily are called hard e.g., stone.

Insoluble: Materials which do not dissolve in water are called insoluble.

Lustre: Some materials have a special shine on them which is called lustre.

Material: The matter of which an object is made, is called material. For example,
glass, steel, wood, etc.

Metals: Materials which have certain properties like, lustre, malleability, ductility and
are sonorous, good conductors of heat and electricity, are called metals.

Opaque: Materials which do not allow light to pass through them are called opaque.

Rough: Some materials have uneven surface and feel rough on touching.

Soluble: Materials which dissolve in water are called soluble.

Translucent: Materials which partially allow light to pass through them are called
translucent.

Transparent: Materials which allow light to pass through them are called transparent.

NCERT
1. Name five objects which can be made from wood.

-> a) Table b) Chair c) Doors d) Desk e) Box

2. Select those objects which shine from the following:

Glass bowl, plastic toy, steel spoon, cotton shirt

-> Glass bowl and steel spoon are the objects which shine.
3. ->

Objects Material

Book Paper, wood

Tumbler Glass, wood, plastic

Chair wood, plastic

Toy Glass, wood, paper, plastics, leather

Shoes Leather, plastic

4. State whether the statements given below are True or False.

(i) Stone is transparent, while glass is opaque. (False)

(ii) A notebook has lustre while an eraser does not. (False)

(iii) Chalk dissolves in water. (False)

(iv) A piece of wood floats on water. (True)

(v) Sugar does not dissolve in water. (False)

(vi) Oil mixes with water. (False)

(vii) Sand settles down in the water. (True)

(viii) Vinegar dissolves in water. (True)

5. ->
(a) Round shaped – Basketball, Orange, Globe, Apple, Earthen Pitcher

Other shapes – Water, Sugar

(b) Eatables – Water, Orange, Sugar, Apple

Non-eatables – Basketball, Globe, Earthen Pitcher


6. List all items known to you that float on water. Check and see if they will float on
an oil or kerosene.

Solution:

A few items that float on water are as follows:

Sponge’s piece, Plastic bottle, Paper’s piece, Thermocol’s piece, Wood, Plastic ball,
Cork

However, these items will not float on oil or kerosene.

7. ->
a) Baby – others are made up of wood

b) Boat – others are flowers

c) Sand – others are metals

d) Sand – others are soluble in water

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