Volume 8, Issue 11, November – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Efficacy of Planned Education Programme on

Knowledge Related to Hormonal Replacement
Therapy among Menopausal Women at Selected
Rural Areas in Mysuru
1. 2
K Dhanalaxmi Sheela Kaddimani
Lecturer (Msc Nsg) Community Health Nursing Department, (M.Sc Nsg) Community Health Nursing Department Gopala
Gopala Gowda Shathaveri Memorial College of nursing Gowda Shathaveri Memorial College of Nursing, Mysore.
Mysore

Abstract:- Keywords:- STP; Knowledge; Hormones, Medications,

Regimen.
 Aims and Objectives:
The research project aims to evaluate the efficacy of I. INTRODUCTION
a planned education program on menopausal women's
awareness of hormone replacement treatment. An essential determinant of women's reproductive health
is their menstrual cycle. The regular flow of blood and mucous
 Methods: tissue from the inner lining of the uterus via the vagina is
Pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test design known as menstruation. Menarche occurs in girls between the
was used to assess the efficacy planned education ages of 11 and 16 at varying times. For most people, the
programme on knowledge regarding hormonal menstrual cycle lasts between 28 and 35 days. The
replacement therapy among menopausal women at preservation of a regular menstrual cycle appears to be aided
selected rural areas in Mysore. by the hormone leptin when an individual is between the ages
of 15 and 45.
The research was conducted using a non-probability
convenient sampling strategy in the Mysore villages of Throughout their lives, women encounter a number of
Hanchaya and Rammanahalli, with the participation of pivotal moments. Development or a transitional stage could
sixty menopausal women. To get the necessary apply. Menopause is one significant and inevitable life cycle
information, a structured knowledge questionnaire was transition that every woman will encounter in her middle
used. Inferential and descriptive statistics were used to years. This is known as midlife. The ovaries begin to generate
analyze the data. less estrogen and begin to deteriorate in function beyond 45
years of age, which causes a stage of menopause. A special
 Result: stage of the female reproductive life cycle where the
In the knowledge assessment, the average score reproductive to non-reproductive stages are transitioned is
before the test was 7.43, while the average score after the called menopause. Menopause is most commonly
test was 16.30. There was an 8.87 standard deviation in the characterized by hot flashes, somatic, joint, sadness,
pre-test and post-test scores. At the 5% significance level, irritability, and nocturnal sweats. Menopause-related sudden
the computed Paired 't' value was 18.25. This drops in estrogen levels can lead to a number of
demonstrated the effectiveness of STP on menopausal complications, including increased weight gain, dementia,
women's awareness of hormone replacement treatment. endometrial cancer, heart disease, osteoporosis, fractures, and
Consequently, the study hypothesis (H1)—that is, the metabolic disorders.
mean knowledge score from the pre- and post-tests differs
significantly—is accepted. There is a known knowledge gap between industrialized
and underdeveloped nations on how menopausal women
 Interpretation and Conclusion: handle their symptoms. Women in undeveloped nations do not
This study demonstrated the efficacy of planned know how to gracefully enter old age by displaying their
education programme on hormonal replacement treatment menopausal symptoms. Treatments such as dietary changes,
in women going through menopause. exercise, calcium and vitamin D supplements, hormone
replacement therapy, and a healthy diet are necessary to

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Volume 8, Issue 11, November – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
control and avoid menopause symptoms and complications. The WHO states that the natural menopause occurs in
Menopausal symptoms are treated with hormone replacement women worldwide between the ages of 45 and 55. It is well
therapy (HRT). Women who experience gonadal dysgenesis, acknowledged that in industrialized nations, the average age at
premature menopause, cardiovascular illnesses, osteoporosis, menopause is approximately 51 years old. However, in
stroke, colon cancer, or an estrogen shortage must take it. developing nations, it falls between 43 and 49 years.
Tibolone, raloxifene, bisphosphonates, soy, androgen are
among the medications used in hormone replacement therapy It is crucial to cultivate a positive mindset regarding the
(HRT). The uterus can still be present when using the menopause, which is a normal stage of life for women and
combination Progestogen added to estrogen regimens. HRT brings with it biological, psychological, and social changes.
stands for Hormonal replace mental therapy Most women experience postmenopause for about one-third of
their lives. It is becoming more and more crucial to support
HRT's mild side effects include fatigue, nausea, bloating, them as they adjust to menopause. Menopausal hormone
breast soreness, break-through bleeding, fluid retention, and therapy falls under this category as well. The existing
mood swings. Breast cancer, coronary heart disease, and paradigms of menopausal health and disease prevention need
endometrial cancer are risks associated with HRT. to be reevaluated in light of the growing body of contradictory
Hypertriglyceridemia, thromboembolic condition, history of research regarding HT. To treat different symptoms in
breast cancer, porphyria, and severe active liver disease are different age groups, different combinations of hormones at
contraindications to hormone replacement therapy. different levels are needed. Particular focus should be given to
when HRT should be started, ideally between the ages of 45
Women who undergo total hysterectomy and those who and 55 years old symptomatic menopause women.
have menopausal symptoms that last longer than four to six
weeks should begin taking hormone replacement therapy. For  Objectives:
a minimum of five years, HRT should begin at the lowest  To assess the pre-test knowledge related hormonal
effective dose. HRT will provide both immediate symptom replacement therapy among menopausal women at selected
alleviation and long-term benefits, such as decreased risk of rural area in Mysore.
arterial embolism, increased bone density, and protection  To assess the efficacy of planned education programme on
against chronic disease, if it is begun within ten years of the knowledge related to hormonal replacement therapy
onset of menopause. Women beyond the age of 60 see fewer among menopausal women at selected rural area in
benefits. The degree of symptoms, risks, advantages, and Mysore.
length of therapy all play a role in when to stop using HRT.  To find the association between the pre-test knowledge
score and the selected demographic variables related to
II. NEED FOR THE STUDY hormonal replacement therapy among menopausal women.

The Indian National Family Health Survey, conducted in  Hypothesis :

2005–2006, found that approximately 18% of married women  H1- There will be a significant difference between the
in the 30-49 age range had experienced an early menopause. mean pre-test and post-test knowledge related to need for
Early or premature menopause can occur naturally or as a hormonal replacement therapy among Menopausal women.
result of external intervention. Premature (before age 40) or  H2- There will be significant association between pre-test
early (between ages 40 and 45) menopausal women are more knowledge related to need for hormonal replacement
likely to die from heart disease, stroke, neurological disorders, therapy among Menopausal women with their particular
psychological disorders, osteoporosis, and other related population characteristics.
conditions. It has been estimated that 5% of women between
the ages of 40 and 45 experience an early and spontaneous III. MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES APPLIED
menopause.
 Sources of Information
In the coming decades, there will probably be a Menopausal women in the Mysuruu villages of
significant increase in both the percentage and total number of Hanchaya and Rammanahalli participated in the study.
Indian women who are above 45. India's 2011 census found
that there were approximately 96 million women in the  Demographic Variables: The menopausal women in the
country who were 45 years of age or older; by 2026, this study's demographic factors were age, marital status, type
figure is predicted to rise to 401 million. Given that the of marriage, number of children, dietary pattern, type of
average life expectancy in India is thirty years, family, religion, family income, educational status,
postmenopausal women may anticipate to spend about thirty previous knowledge on hormonal replacement therapy
years of their lives in this stage. Since there is a risk of among menopausal women and source of information.
osteoporosis, heart disease, hypertension, and a general  Research Design:. Pre-experimental research techniques
decline in quality of life in the postmenopausal years. were used in this investigation. Pre-post test design for a
single group

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Volume 8, Issue 11, November – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
 Study Environment: Research was carried out for data collection
menopausal women at Hanchaya and Rammanahalli  Premenopausal women
Villages in Mysuru  The tool's description is as follows:
 Section 1: Demographic variables
 Population:  Section 2.Questionnaire on Structured Knowledge,
The target population selected for this study is  Section 3: Establishment of Planned education
menopausal women programme
 The arrangement of the results: The data analysis was
 Sampling: arranged and shown as follows:
 Sample Size: Sample size consists of 60 menopausal  Section A provides an overview of demographic
women in rural area at Mysore district. characteristics, whereas
 Sampling Technique: Non probability, purposive sampling  Section B assesses knowledge of menopausal women
technique was used to collect the data related to hormonal replacement therapy among
 Inclusion criteria: The study includes: menopausal women.
 Menopausal women who are aged between 45-55 years.  Section C: The efficiency of a planned education program
 Menopausal women who can understand Kannada. on knowledge related to hormonal
 Women who willing to participate to the study Replacement therapy among menopausal women at
 Exclusion criteria: selected rural area in Mysore
 Section D: The association between pre-test knowledge
The study excludes: scores and selected demographic variables.
 Menopausal women who have been previously sensitized
with same or similar interventions. Section A: Provides an overview of demographic
 Menopausal women who are not available at the time of characteristics

Table2: Frequency and percentage distribution study of demographic characteristics n=60

Features Category Respondents
Frequency Percent % (100)
Age at menopause (years) 45-49 21 35.0
50-54 39 65.0
Marital status Married 40 667
widow 20 33.3
Educational status No formal education 40 66.7
SSLC and below 10 16.7
PUC 10 16.7
Type of Marriage Consanguineous 10 16.7
Non- Consanguineous 50 83.3
Number of Children Two 40 66.7
More than two 20 33.3
Dietary Pattern Vegetarian 33 55.0
Mixed 27 45.0
Type of family Nuclear 35 58.4
Joint 17 28.3
Living Single 8 13.3
Religion Hindu 50 83.3
Christian 10 16.7
Family Income/month <Rs.10.000 44 73.3
Rs.10001-20000 10 16.7
Rs.20001-30000 6 10.6
Previous Information on Yes 6 10.0
Hormonal replacement therapy No 54 90.0
Source of Information Social media 3 5.0
Friends & Relatives 3 5.0
No 54 90.0

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Volume 8, Issue 11, November – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Table 2 reveals that 65% of participants were between According to data from the above figure, none of the
the ages of 50 and 54, 66.7% were married, 83.3% of women participants had adequate awareness about hormone
had non-consanguineous marriages, 66.7% had two children, replacement therapy among menopausal women, while 71.7%
and 55% of participants were vegetarians. 58.4% of of participants had inadequate information, and 28.3% had
participants are from nuclear families, while 83.3% of moderate understanding. Following the test, 63.3% of
participants identify as Hindu. 73.3% of participants earn less individuals possessed sufficient knowledge, 36.7% had
than $10,000 a month.Ten percent of participants knew moderate knowledge, and 0% possessed inadequate
anything about the subject previously, five percent got their understanding
information from social media, and five percent got it from
friends and family. Section C: The efficacy of a planned education program
on knowledge related to hormonal replacement therapy
Section B: Knowledge of Menopausal women related to among menopausal women at selected rural area in
Hormonal Replacement Mysore
Therapy The paired ‘t’ value was computed to determine the
effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge
regarding hormonal replacement therapy. The following
research hypothesis was stated.

H1: There is significant difference between mean pre-test and

mean post-test knowledge score

Table: 3: The efficacy of a planned education

programme on knowledge related to hormonal
replacement therapy among menopausal women at
selected rural area in Mysore

Fig: 3 Distribution of Menopausal women related to

Hormonal Replacement Therapy based on the degree of
knowledge score from the pre- and post-tests

Table – 3 Over all Pre- test and Post- test Mean Knowledge scores on Hormonal Replacement Therapy n=60
Aspects Max score Knowledge score Paired ‘t’test
Mean SD Mean % SD%
Pre test 20 7.43 3.22 37.2 16.1
Post test 20 16.30 1.91. 81.5 9.5 18.25*
Enhancement 20 8.87 3.76 44.3 18.8

Table 3 presents data indicating that the average post test scores was 8.87. This suggests that the STP was
knowledge score after the test (16.30) exceeded the average statistically 5% significant in raising menopausal women's
knowledge score before the test (7.43). The research awareness of hormone replacement treatment.
hypothesis H1 was approved since test with paired "t"
knowledge rating of "t"=18.25 is substantial at the 0.05 Section D: The association between pre-test knowledge
percent mark and the mean difference between the pretest and scores and selected demographic characterstics.

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Volume 8, Issue 11, November – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Table 4: Association between pre-test knowledge scores and selected demographic characterstics
Demographic category Sample Knowledge level χ2 df P value Remarks
characterstics Value
Adequate % Moderately %
adequate
45-49 years 21 11 52.4 10 47.6
Age in 50-54 years 39 32 82.1 7 17.9
menopause 5.92* 1 P<0.05 S
(3.841
Marital status Married 40 14 70.0 11 30.0
Widow 020 31 77.5 6 22.5
0.04 1 p>0.05
NS (3.841) NS
Non formal 40 31 77.5 9 22.5
education
SSLC and below 10 8 86.0 2 20.0 6.95* 2 p<0.05
Educational PUC 10 4 40.0 6 60. ( 5.991) S
status
Type of Consanguineous 10 7 70.0 3 30.0 0.02
marriage Non consanguineous 50 36 72.0 14 28.0 NS 1 P>0.05
(3.841) NS
Number of Two 40 25 62.5 15 37.2 4.97* 1 P<0.05 )
children More than two 20 18 90.0 2 10 ( 3.841) S
Dietary Vegetarian 33 28 84.8 5 15.2
pattern Mixed 27 15 556 12 44.4 6.28* 1 P<0.05
3.841) S
Religion Hindu 50 39 78.0 11 22.0 5.93* 1 P<0.05
Christian 10 4 40.0 6 60.0 ( 3.841) S
Family Income <Rs10000 44 30 68.2 14 31.8
Rs 10001-20000 10 9 90.0 1 10.0 1.99 2 P>0.05 NS
Rs 20001-30000 6 4 66.7 2 33.3 (5.991)
Previous Yes 6 4 66.7 2 33.3 0.08 2 P>0.05
information (3.841) NS
No 54 39 72.2 15 27.8
Source of Social media 3 1 33.3 2 66.7
information 3.32 2 P>0.05
Relatives and friends 3 3 100.0 0 00 (5.991) NS
S-Significant at 5% level Ns-Non significant

Table 4 makes clear that there was a statistically IV. CONCLUSION

significant correlation between the pre-test knowledge level
and the following variables: age at menopause (x2=5.92), The goal of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy
menopausal educational status (x2=6.95), number of children of a planned education program on hormone replacement
(x2=4.97), dietary pattern (x2=6.28), and religion (x2=5.93). treatment knowledge among menopausal women in the
In contrast, there was no statistically significant correlation Mysuru villages of Hanchya and Rammanahalli. The study's
found between the pre-test knowledge score and the following findings served as the foundation for the following
factors: married status (x2=0.04), marital type (x2=0.02), conclusions. It also highlighted some of the study's
family type (x2=2.81), family income (2=1.99), prior shortcomings.
knowledge (x2=0.08), and information source (x2=3.36).
Therefore, the research hypothesis H2 was approved for  Menopausal women's pre-test knowledge of hormonal
menopause women's age, their educational level, the number replacement therapy was found to be deficient, but their
of children they had, their dietary habits, and their religion; post-test knowledge level shown a noteworthy rise.
however, H2 was rejected for married women's age, their  An efficient structured education campaign was
marital status, their family type, their income, their prior implemented to educate menopausal women about
education, and their information source. hormone replacement treatment. Based on an examination
of the mean and standard deviation of the knowledge

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Volume 8, Issue 11, November – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
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