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The document provides an overview of the basic components of a computer system: 1. The input unit takes in raw data through devices like keyboards and mice and converts it to binary for processing. 2. The CPU, or central processing unit, controls all other components and performs arithmetic and logical operations. It has a control unit that determines the sequence of operations and an ALU that performs calculations. 3. The output unit displays processed data from memory through monitors and printers in a human readable format.

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20 views

ICT Presentation

The document provides an overview of the basic components of a computer system: 1. The input unit takes in raw data through devices like keyboards and mice and converts it to binary for processing. 2. The CPU, or central processing unit, controls all other components and performs arithmetic and logical operations. It has a control unit that determines the sequence of operations and an ALU that performs calculations. 3. The output unit displays processed data from memory through monitors and printers in a human readable format.

Uploaded by

jayshreekotwal3
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SYSTEM

1.1 : Basic diagram of computer system

• Block diagram of computer system

• BLOCK DIAGRAM OF COMPUTER SYSTEM :


1. INPUT UNIT

2. CPU (Central prossesing unit )

3. OUTPUT UNIT

• INPUT UNIT :
The input unit consists input device such as mouse , keyboard , scanner , joystick etc. This
device are used to input information or instructions into computer system like other
electronic machines a computer takes inputes as a raw data (binary data ) and performs
necessary processing giving out processed data therefore the input unit is the medium of
communication that takes data from us to the computer in an organized manner for
processing.
• THE INPUT UNIT PERFORMS THE FOLLOWING MAJOR FUNCTION :

1. The input units converts inputted data or instructions into binary form for further processing.

2. The input unit transmits data to the main memory of computer.

• CPU ( central processing unit) :


The CPU or central processing unit is also known as brain of computer system. It is an electronic
hardware devices that process all the operations ( e.g Arithmetic and logical operations) of the
computer. In other words all the major calculation , handling the operations of several other units .

In above diagram the control unit ( CU ) and arithmetic and logic unit ( ALU ) are jointly called the
central processing unit ( CPU ) .

• CONTROL UNIT :
As the name suggests, the central processing unit (CPU ) control all the activities or operations of
the computer. It also responsible for controlling input/output , memory and other devices
connected to the CPU .

The control unit acts like the supervisor which determines the sequence in which computer program
and instructions are executed . It retrieves instructions and from memory, decodes , instructions
intereprest the instructions and unterstand the sequence of task to be performed accordingly. It
further transmits the instructions to the other parts of computer system to executed them. In short,
the control unit determine the sequence of operation to execute the given instructions .
ARITHMETIC AND LOGIC UNIT :
The data inputted through input device is stored in primary storage unit. The arithmetic logic unit
( ALU ) performs arithmetic and logical operations.

The arithmetic unit controls simple operations such as addition , substraction , division and
multiplication.

On other sides , the logical units controls all logical operations such as AND , OR , Equal and greater
than and less than etc . Apart from it the logic units also responsible for performing other several
operations such as comparing, selecting and matching or merging data.

The information or data transmitted to ALU perom the storage unit only when it is required after
completing the operations the result is either returned the storage unit for further processing and
getting stored

• MEMORY UNIT :
Memory unit is an essential part of computer system which is used to stored data or instructions
before and after processing . The memory units transmitted the Information to other units of the
computer system when required.

• There are two types of memory units :


1. primary memory
2. Secondary memory

• Primary memory :
The primary unit cannot store a vast amount of data stored in the primary memory is
temporary. The data will be lost if they are disconnected from the power supply. The primary
memory usually stores the input data nd immediate calculation results. The primary memory is
also known as the main memory or temporary memory. Random access memory (RAM) is an
example of primary memory.

• Secondary memory :

The use of primary memory is not possible to store data permanently for further access.
Therefore, there are some other options to store the data permanently for further use ,
which is known as secondary memory or auxiliary storage or permanent storage. The data
stored in the secondary memory is safe even when there is a power failure or no power
supply. Hard disk is usually considered a secondary memory.

• THE CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT PERFORMS THE FOLLOWING MAJOR FUNCTION :

• 1. The CPU controls all cononments, software and data processing of the computer system.
• 2.the CPU takes data from input device, executes the data , and sends output to the output
device.
• 3.the CPU processes all the operations, including all the arithmetical and logical operations.

• OUTPUT UNIT :

The output unit is consists of devices that are used to display the results or output of
processing. The output data is first stored in the memory are then displayed in human
readable from through output devices. Some of the widely used output device are monitor ,
printer and projector .

• THE OUTPUT UNIT PERFORMS THE FOLLOWING MAJOR FUNCTION :


• 1. The output unit accepts the data or information in binary form from the min memory of
the computer system.
• 2. The output unit converts the binary data into human readable from for better
understanding.

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