Algorithm and

Programming II
File IO (Input/Output) in C++

Program

1
Outline

▪ What is File IO? File extensions?

▪ File Operations
▪ Read data from file

▪ Write data to file

▪ Examples

“File IO refers to the transfer of data

either to or from a storage medium.” 2
File IO
❑ What?
▪ “File IO refers to the transfer of data either to or from a storage
medium.”

write

Program

read

3
File IO
❑ What?

▪ iostream library provides cin and cout methods for reading from keyboard
and writing/displaying on screen

▪ fstream library is used for writing and reading file

▪ ofstream : only for wring data to file

▪ ifstream : only for reading data from file

▪ fstream : can write/read data to/from file

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
2:45pm
4
 File IO
❑ Opening a file
open(filename)
▪ To read or write file, we have to open a file first.
▪ We can use either ofstream or fstream open(filename, mode)

Mode Description ofstream file;

ios::app Append mode. Data is added more file.open(“filename.dat”)
ios::in Open file for reading.
ios::out Open file for writing.
fstream file;
If file does not exist, create a new file.
If file exists, content is overridden file.open(“filename.dat”, ios::out)

fstream file;
file.open(“filename.dat”, ios::in)
5
File IO
❑ Closing a file

▪ We should close file before terminate the program file.close( );

fstream file;
file.open(“filename.dat”, ios::out)
…………………..
//read/write code here
…………………..

file.close( );

6
 File IO
❑ Writing data to a file
▪ We can use ofstream or fstream ofstream file;
for creating file variable file.open(“MyFile.dat”);
▪ Then use << to write data
▪ file<<data1<<data2<<endl;
fstream file;
file.open(“MyFile.data”, ios::out);
Functions for write data to file
Function Description fstream file;
file<<word; Write one data in word to file string filename=“MyFile.dat”;
file<<word1<<“\t” Write two data (word1 and word2) //file.open(filename, ios::out); //error
<<word2; separated by a tab to file
file.open(filename.c_str( ), ios::out);
Remark: You can write data to file just similar way you
display data using cout 7
 Writing data to a file #include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream> using namespace std;
❑ Example
#include <iostream>
using namespace std; int main () {
string data; //char data[100];
int main () { // open a file in write mode.
string data; fstream file;
// open a file in write mode. file.open("filename.txt", ios::out);
ofstream file; //file.open("filename.txt", ios::app); //append
file.open("filename.txt");
//file.open(“filename.txt", ios::app); //append cout<<"Writing data to the file"<< endl;
cout<<"Enter your name: ";
cout<<"Writing data to the file"<< endl; ciin>>data;
cout<<"Enter your name: "; file<<data<<endl;
cin>>data;
file<<data<<endl; cout<<"Enter your age: ";
cin>>data;
cout<<"Enter your age: "; file<<data<<endl;
cin>>data;
file<<data<<endl; file.close();
}
file.close();
}
8
 File IO
❑ Reading from a file
▪ We can use ifstream or fstream ifstream file;
for creating file variable file.open(“filename.dat”);

▪ Then use >> to read data

fstream file;
file.open(“filename.dat”, ios::in);
Functions for reading data from file
Mode Description
file>>word Read data from file one word at a time
file.eof( ) Return true when reach end of file (data has
been read till the end). Otherwise, return
false
file.get(ch) Read data from file one character at a time.
getline(file, line) Read data from file one line at a time. Return
false when no data to read 9
 Reading from a file: One word at a time #include <fstream>
#include <fstream> #include <iostream>
❑ Example
#include <iostream> using namespace std;
using namespace std;
int main () {
int main () { string data;
string data;
// open a file in read mode.
// open a file in read mode. fstream file;
ifstream file; file.open("filename.txt", ios::in);
file.open("filename.txt");
if(!file){
if(!file){ cout<<"Error opening file OR file does not
cout<<"Error opening file OR file does not exist"<<endl; exist"<<endl;
}else{ }else{
cout << "Reading from the file" << endl; cout << "Reading from the file" << endl;
file >> data; file >> data;
cout << data << endl; cout << data << endl;
file >> data; file >> data;
cout << data << endl; cout << data << endl;

file.close(); file.close();
} }
} } 10
File IO
❑ Examples

▪ Read and write data from/to file

11
Write data to file

12
Write data from user input to file

13
Data all data from file

14
Write data from user input to file

15
Q&A
16
 Deadline: 15th November, 11:59pm
Assignment 2 Submit to Ms. Team
What to submit: code.cpp, screenshot output

1-Design a program that read data from a

file called Employee List. The list has 25
employees. Each employee has name, age,
gender, salary, email.
 Deadline: 15th November, 11:59pm
Assignment 2 Submit to Ms. Team
What to submit: Ex1.cpp, Ex2, cpp, screenshot output

2-Design a program that write data

program into file. The program ask
information of 10 employees then store in
file. Each employee has name, age,
gender, salary, email.