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5.+pre Class+act Population Sample Sampling

1. Population refers to the entire group being studied, sample is a subset of the population that is selected to represent it, and sampling is the process of selecting a sample. 2. Common sample sizes are at least 30 participants for causal comparative and experimental studies, and at least 50 for correlational studies. Survey research often samples 10-20% of large populations. 3. Probability sampling aims to give all population members an equal, random chance of selection, while non-probability sampling does not allow determining selection probabilities.

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19 views

5.+pre Class+act Population Sample Sampling

1. Population refers to the entire group being studied, sample is a subset of the population that is selected to represent it, and sampling is the process of selecting a sample. 2. Common sample sizes are at least 30 participants for causal comparative and experimental studies, and at least 50 for correlational studies. Survey research often samples 10-20% of large populations. 3. Probability sampling aims to give all population members an equal, random chance of selection, while non-probability sampling does not allow determining selection probabilities.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Arifa
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH IN ELT

TOPIC: POPULATION, SAMPLE & SAMPLING

PRE-CLASS ACTIVITIES

1. Find essential characteristics of population, sample and sampling


No Essential characteristics
population sample sampling
Target population Accessible possible
1 Large group Generalization of Representative Process of selecting
research results individual, item, events samples
of larger group
2
3
etc

2. Find the strategies/techniques or essential characteristics of determining sample size of each research
designs in quantitative research
No Essential characteristics of determining sample size in quantitative research
Survey research Correlational studies Causal comparative Experimental study
1 It is common to At least 30 participants A minimum of 30 A minimum of 30
sample 10% to 20% are neededto establish participants in each participants in each
(large population) the existence or group group
nonexistence of a
relation
2 A sample with a A sample of at least 50 A minimum of 30 Only 15 individuals
minimum number of is deemed necessary to individuals per group, in each group can be
100 is esential establish the exixtence defended if they are
of a relationship very tighty
controlled.
3 The large the
population size, the
smaller the
percentage of the
population required
to get a representative
sample
etc

3. Find the essential characteristics of probability (random) and non-probability (non-random) sampling

No Essential characteristics
probability (random) sampling non-probability (non-random) sampling
1 Each member of a defined population have The probability of each member of a defined
chance to be selected as samples population is not possible to spesify
2 Researcher did not choose randomly
3 Researcher already have knowledge
4
Etc

4. Find essential characteristics of each type of probability (random) sampling

No Essential characteristics of probability sampling


Simple random Stratified random Cluster sampling Systematic sampling
sampling sampling
1 Each member of a Proportional stratified Interact groups, not Every Kth individual
defined population sampling individuals, are is selected from a list
have equal and randomly selected
independent chance
to be selected with
completely out of the
researcher
2 Using table of Subgroups in the The population is very K is a variable
random numbers population are large or spread over a determining by
represented in the wide geographic area dividing the number
sample in the same of individuals on the
proportion in which list by the number
they exist in the subject desired for
population the sample.
3 List all members of Dis proportional Identify and define a Start at some random
the population stratified sampling logical cluster place in the
population list.
4 Assign all individuals Subgroups in the List all clusters that Starting at the point,
on the list a population are not make up the populatiom take every K th name
consecutive number represented in the of cluster on the list until the
from zero to the sample in the same desured samples size
required number proportion in whuch is reached
they exist in the
problem
5 Select an arbitary Estimate the average Go back to the top of
number in the table of number the list
random numbers
6 Look only at the Determine the number
number of digitd of clusters
assigned to each
population member
7 Randomly select the
needed number of
clusters

5. Find essential characteristics of each type of non-probability (non-random) sampling


No Essential characteristics of non-probability sampling
convenience sampling purposive sampling quota sampling
1 Accidental/hapzard sampling Researcher selects the The process of selecting a
sample using his experience sample based on required,
and knowledge of the group exact numbers, or quotas, of
to be sampled individuals or groups with
varying characteristics
2 Using volunteers or using existing Especially qualified When listing all members of
group just because “they are the population of interest is
there” not possible.
3 Easy access
Etc

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