kizchoffs Cunent Ka

Kaen aA kikcholer aut laus and

Sunttion
kbuchall's cusant laus atal that thu a
nkent onleaag a node et a hausdauy

Lnede and thu useeat he t,h hsanh then

malhtatally ke ataty hat

Ta thi lausnt
+Ve and the Khunt a nodee taken as
Vice nleu Sa

i
 + T.
loapae
tan 3he
the tas
aken slatage eauh oalao The
k=|
bet loaph eepath dleie the ausund
algebic the Dthat stata kVL
duond KnowD
as ealto KuL
Ksua Noltage Kichofl's
eaung "uant dum Tha
anodo eent dum The
kLA Aatentang
ent
imo4 aLunal an bo
 YOUVA

Ahi a
lasd onp the altenat atalement kL thel, Ina
sum o voltages
olemankçcqual ta the uin a yoltogerostSaajthe
pplicati of kcL
KI ued to_lonblne the
-pucAennpascalle the oueLall egulvalontwyeuntAeuue
dum ewuLant

kcL Nalid fa enuasng- lheae, tilateeal, unilatsal

passue and athe elemant.
feld.
 Aplieation ofkVL
kVL_und to ombina the aldet
Sosaes the ovpall aqulialsnt dause
kum Jelies:

Vab

Vab= tVeV3.

KVL B bdapzadent fyaulatiern ln tompeuatue

KVL a Nalid yoe Lheae,an- laae, bllatia!
unilateuaailkle andpasehe mped
enenty
eleuatalntnk.
kVL 2 only walid
not dletribted eletia natuosk
 i-T).
Yi E2.
127
+

find the csesat eadhtistane

Cuunent in mesh ABCE J,.
Csweeato mesh CA = JL
Cuwneat io mesh COAeieiz)
kV n mesh ABc
QoV ating la cloekuÍse dietioo
20

kvLo _mesh Aco

8(i-)- 442= 12
8i-8i2-4i2 =12
-OX.
Si -12i 12

3of t 12i2 =6o

8i - (2 i2 = 12
38i| =72.
i = 72
 894 -o 266
Alou li-2=l·
I-I2 =|629A! Cusnent lou'ng
So vltane

nd the wwunt shssa Riand Re kesra

-the watase. at nod a s gien the nagriil

50
Tee A- 3

40
 YOUVA

So TtTI3=O
Muttipbyg ushole eguatiob200
80- 4N800-s=O

Cusenent huaugh
So
= 20-q111
50
Ti =-17 11
So he-Ne shouss that
Ti:-1 S554 AL magaitude vatageat
th andei auati
wenent thuaugh eAisBor Ra than Noltage dauu
40

40
I3= 2.444 25 A)

I+T = I3
-1-5556+4= 2.4445
4= 2.444S+|.S5 SG.
44
Tncomyng sgoing
1.5556+4=2.44452.44425A.JTae
htonlag Cyent
42.444S+1,555 TtTa=
6 T3 I-l.5554 A lwwunt
44.00 thuugh roo-97-17 So
So
thueugh 8VI=0 84N&i 0
uaistos
Ra sistate
Jheus
e<vottageNeSgn.
atThe Ri
gut
than
nodhe
voltage.

cieua

NA
And
and
the
6
ument
wing
kL
Iu
Ia,
is
Ve T3Is

und_noda

voltagz
 4Peakvalu
S
HalRechfer:
fWave
mathemahaly ip, o<duh
Valwoletag Peak
anmum RegulaChavatoesh AC
amauntshe o Neede
RechferARe
valtuge ctefier
e
atot ageyalue o
alode. e AC4RechfcueentieLoarcd ouit pukahhg
ContentAC when
E DC
dlouectde ifies volhae- a
the e
AbdehIrat cheunt. not. lsng. deule
autputCunduitng,the
a whh
Lonvod

neessauyBagpled
stap volthe tagealamont hall .
ad dskagHalfuayTa
uwnianefemiymaty ded &yd<
to pasti
tontnetflei Dl Ac
e woltage cup hall
natia
lxuat,asgssauealemfnatd syle
seufossto ahilying
he
ang gud
psteptoodth el1nnl
e Autabu obta AcChe
valtagadouon orm
one' dip AC theautput
to tenduily
to obtaio nsyati
she with. valtag mly
 thu Jo¡d
Jeun vensed JemnaA
belomes bpeuatofChui
itnhe t ncaus
wkent Ahe Value NI
based posiAungtivhaely Les=
londNoltage
hall and Epm,
Esm uu/ be
ynoydo! last HenLR .
Stn
no
puleekitana befa teusunt ot|
altane
hene RL
the
Ahe pdli lout
dieun alo d
tesedaytove
Min the

Centay
Hena
tap she
D: full
Wave utput
Rerttier:
calhd
pulatfrg

De,t

a.
 nd Jet Tm
Loud botl awe
theha
RL
wH hal she
ueAL fullanue yele frig2
she cuetent
halpsentua lnpd
Rettifiele
and
inputEto Ac
supply. VotHage
Condut
wl
tap Ah of
clfodes dung
tiasleurek guden f.uR.
aue betthteti
wud uostils

and Londut
and
anstedthat
Thusuuenent but AetedP the
OHhuasah plshelauuee
es dEpteLeaduilbeleme
vottaga,
palaitAC hall Opeatnruitof
at a widode
the at
as lhie
adedupplles
ndload atteunat output AC le senday The dr
o hul l the belag a a aill
akage the open dlode dPade
a
usaue and'atehe taegaud open be
has ackess load lru. whdng
a nd oad he lueuad
di'desl
ceseñ
ketle 'eeiteut Spplss ceuit
tycesThe eeltane, en
theloade LaadteumfaA
condut no
do baled. wthleasndSo wtile
the euwseent, beHevesed
and blased
eRcuit the ghe
ehan
hene lame dhile nett and
adfuAual he dfode shuegh
uppee Load not
seral deatan fide.
hg tene
srutaneoe loo we wodl
ncaufe halyde
di wesentundutbfased
bath
get does de wl
yoHoge
uwsen hal
dlod No
 1942).
cdshaf+ve
and
eat The
l ew notpue
dusng Reutfes audant&
sutploatad
D Dee

RL

wat and Ou auusaud

tuo possible vohage
dlede Lonfdoe iuonuleem
laung bedaahile
AC bafe
Diand the voBagd bhdye
thu 4
D2 le
D3.and neesavu
Sams ean eeutlek
rgdut the hal
Du_ul be
uion dlodiDand ded and
fn rut
salesJsuey
th"
aewe angled ashousn
uith oa utled
fasdAh
the fe
get tha pe inpouue
Laad be
 AN
Snbpendent
podeat
souue. tduuunt tchpesea
inpatAuuat
Aan cneg
esudSoe Atâe lond
Yoltyg
statemnts the inActfve ent
and deineg dences and
digendont clemens votage
had ave and
a
Souces. aspelfedwta ius" lthae
we ant eemain
Hhebe
pel
oLnond
clementfoume. enadly
: Jane

3
5wat3) 2)Aonbld
deundert
See:.
Naltg
Voltage AuwelAomplelaby
borllage
Aalld
dipendet
dagendent as shun
Srdspndsnl
depundit dhe
bucuntuwsund
1
duwdes Aaune.
toute: Seuste enbcl
'au d
deus
alld want
and
as th
hdspunden
uuound
ogeceilaih also_asyumsd =o
Resfstane
Fntona
the
temra
4
hi
wuspette, i
t lcnstant Ss ka
srall, dewna 94
)
cupeat,
vuyalmatt want boue
Noltalen
h ntenAutore
be
dowue entant
dpeotta
to
2_aniumed R
aoEloo
veltage a (I)Vs
oltage
dallee no
has
4{
 1LdelRes
dnstant

dewewunt i Cuweent
owgei

CwuentAoad Slepes

VL
uonnetid
pauallalo seule
e t
taanat

gie
deuwe
canstant

Batial Tdeal
Ahe Noltaga
olthge
cquialat dowue
seune
Heal tonneded
tennald
Valtay
in
ia seriest
desin deuue
&
gian
bys
 ae hewee the
dees not parallel
Soies Jcuu pbml
nAeton
Pdalent dese
tutidin
lonnutd
aat a
ut due
cdouvees ohin adomaton xelad
dounes
I.'But
G
Cant Cuneat be L.Bunt
Aoue'
pupese. Aan
Sdual lun Sdea! paale!
n
an
paaallel emt alto,
qukzalat Paralle:
a
daust
alhat
apaualle caie
inConneded
(mpeahiureitlen) the
M=then
Aawewch,
Vthat io
salfgge onoated
deusce fdal
ky puxpalL deuue
Vellye Jso aade
pKesented
Volhege
he
Tdal Whuy be Aeuses Bahal
not a
dhould dauue AaukLe
atunk domtat
Cnctlo ohon beP
in
Leyalp the londutetohms
tempeomuenains NStalement:
e Volt pofateLeilLbe the
Ohm'Laws
two
3 Nal s+ay
and thuauadaty A
constant be A
andBhe pafat
doubud WheeRfhe
otondutoL
seestante
e oend be
oo yalkage.
lao
conafdoed
floona
uent
tne nted and
n ao
lonsant atala
molalampere,thea huee that egual
voltage
to tyhat
nddutos hat the
nges
i Riy phytfa the
eao
dubled. the
ltageaes4
Conditianehd volt
at eialanevoHag estanu
V
ns yhe AandBv
onstant i
la0
t bst.
wilatu)

De
4)ohn'i.
Paualle
cot
e&uit
Sesefes ti,
Aomula wihohls
TR
RitRz.Reg = Ro
W=TR

lempleleoa
law
i
Req net
be n
opplitoda
malewial
dnh

euen

Jempuatiue
pauut
 Find
seesstane
At2 Crdktanll
1+1 beluun 13.7| =
termina 32+2432K24

A
24
24

lo

Ouytnd
Gu.
ww

ke
sane

bet^ R:
SAS =
> the 2-5l =
32 25 S+
two
tonina
4+2
Aand
B.
 eistonte
TTe
2272A
tháthu
to
due 22
shetiru.
cru So
part 30
statuany Aisualey sua)
kpendent
dguadant
open
thuaugh
daste Resltanud
epporanth
ReylsBane
boanth
by teplaudl Galyaltagt
theun
at by
Theren
Supoupstin
bust lonulduud ulated cuestz
opposite
of Qot3
this Resistance I:
2.212X
lhear i,it
koueceSouue
Lamsadaing
alna
ati
deunleu
hhe Naltaa
utent
the IIg
tah Fad
Aolez Qu) stp
 3SyStep2: tuwbnta
uNL
Res LJa
I-I Te By By
Lonsdut e I14a:2.64 A (odbutten
n atual
4seusee hg o8-2.64=8. using auJhe
21S 5.34 2+4 ohra' rlast
2y&.08 be
by diuisim lauo
shat
4odtetaye A)(4)
calnlabdedha
e02A:
:35 4odal
=areut. gule 4.2?
So2 iut s boa
cieuue feluos
n 2+4
alaney
upladtautg ueret
 o8A()+3.08(A)(e
1.69-3.0R
Til= -.
T3n21SA> Step-3
Tyn: baanhum
769-3.08 =
By
2.6qA(>) painciple
Lan of
+7.64 be
supsa
l= A calulatid
pesiin,
3+2
SA() 076A(’) 3.
asthe
ollaus
deeu

cptesile
rRuitlrsiciarta
Apd ind
the the
+ 8
ueest
urrent
Alouing
I
4hugh thrroug25n

nstor

forr
the
 13.
A
deipeed x42
4
stt.
44-
theorem:.
superpasitHn
powe
3A
32
the etTnt
Total 1244
ehd tiauted
CurTotal
Rtit-ontc
ppotils 30
o.4l6
x
30+6
So