Optics

Objectives

Reflection OPTICS
&
Refraction Part I: The Nature of Light
Refractive
Index
NGUYEN Mai Chung
Total
Internal
Reflection University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH)

Fiber
Optics May 09, 2022
Practices

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 Optics

1 Learning Objectives
Objectives
2 Reflection and Refraction of Light
Reflection
&
Refraction
3 Refractive Index
Refractive
Index
4 The Critical Angle and Total Internal Reflection
Total
Internal
Reflection 5 Fiber Optics
Fiber
Optics
6 Practices
Practices

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 Learning Objectives
Optics
In this lesson you will be able to:
1 Understand the terms:
Objectives

Reflection
&
Refraction

Refractive
Index

Total
Internal
Reflection

Fiber
Optics

Practices

3/29
 Learning Objectives
Optics
In this lesson you will be able to:
1 Understand the terms:
Objectives reflection, refraction
Reflection
&
Refraction

Refractive
Index

Total
Internal
Reflection

Fiber
Optics

Practices

3/29
 Learning Objectives
Optics
In this lesson you will be able to:
1 Understand the terms:
Objectives reflection, refraction
Reflection critical angle
&
Refraction

Refractive
Index

Total
Internal
Reflection

Fiber
Optics

Practices

3/29
 Learning Objectives
Optics
In this lesson you will be able to:
1 Understand the terms:
Objectives reflection, refraction
Reflection critical angle
& internal reflection
Refraction

Refractive
Index

Total
Internal
Reflection

Fiber
Optics

Practices

3/29
 Learning Objectives
Optics
In this lesson you will be able to:
1 Understand the terms:
Objectives reflection, refraction
Reflection critical angle
& internal reflection
Refraction
2 Solving problems involving reflection at a plane interface
Refractive
Index

Total
Internal
Reflection

Fiber
Optics

Practices

3/29
 Learning Objectives
Optics
In this lesson you will be able to:
1 Understand the terms:
Objectives reflection, refraction
Reflection critical angle
& internal reflection
Refraction
2 Solving problems involving reflection at a plane interface
Refractive
Index
3 Solving problems involving Snell’s law, critical angle, and
total internal reflection
Total
Internal
Reflection

Fiber
Optics

Practices

3/29
 Learning Objectives
Optics
In this lesson you will be able to:
1 Understand the terms:
Objectives reflection, refraction
Reflection critical angle
& internal reflection
Refraction
2 Solving problems involving reflection at a plane interface
Refractive
Index
3 Solving problems involving Snell’s law, critical angle, and
total internal reflection
Total
Internal 4 Determining refractive index
Reflection

Fiber
Optics

Practices

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 Key Words
Optics

Objectives English Pronunciation Vietnamese

Reflection
& Incident /"In.sI.d@nt/
Refraction
Ray /reI/
Refractive
Index Index /In.deks/
Total Reflection /rI"flek.S@n/
Internal
Reflection
Refraction /rI"fræk.S@n/
Fiber
Optics Critical /"krIt.I.k@l/
Practices Internal /In"t3:.n@l/

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 Key Words
Optics

Objectives English Pronunciation Vietnamese

Reflection
& Incident /"In.sI.d@nt/ tới (tia)
Refraction
Ray /reI/ Tia
Refractive
Index Index /In.deks/
Total Reflection /rI"flek.S@n/ Sự phản xạ
Internal
Reflection
Refraction /rI"fræk.S@n/ Sự khúc xạ
Fiber
Optics Critical /"krIt.I.k@l/
Practices Internal /In"t3:.n@l/

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 Key Phrases
Optics
Incident Rays
Reflected Rays
Objectives
Refracted Rays
Reflection
& Angles of Incidence
Refraction
Angles of Reflection
Refractive
Index
Angles of Refraction
Total
Index of Material or Index of Refraction
Internal
Reflection

Fiber
Optics

Practices

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 Optics

1 Learning Objectives
Objectives
2 Reflection and Refraction of Light
Reflection
& Reflection and Refraction
Refraction Reflection’s Law
Reflection and
Refraction
Refraction’s Law (Snell’s Law)
Reflection’s
Law
Refraction’s 3 Refractive Index
Law (Snell’s
Law)

Refractive 4 The Critical Angle and Total Internal Reflection

Index

Total 5 Fiber Optics

Internal
Reflection

Fiber 6 Practices
Optics
6/29
 Optics

1 Learning Objectives
Objectives
2 Reflection and Refraction of Light
Reflection
& Reflection and Refraction
Refraction Reflection’s Law
Reflection and
Refraction
Refraction’s Law (Snell’s Law)
Reflection’s
Law
Refraction’s 3 Refractive Index
Law (Snell’s
Law)

Refractive 4 The Critical Angle and Total Internal Reflection

Index

Total 5 Fiber Optics

Internal
Reflection

Fiber 6 Practices
Optics
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 Reflection and Refraction
Optics

Definitions

Objectives Incident ray

Reflection Reflected ray
& Refracted ray
Refraction
Reflection and
Refraction
Reflection’s
Law
Refraction’s
Law (Snell’s
Law)

Refractive
Index

Total
Internal
Reflection

Fiber
Optics
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 Reflection and Refraction
Optics

Key Points

Objectives The reflected and refracted rays are in the same plane as
Reflection
the incident ray and the normal
&
Refraction
Reflection and
Refraction
Reflection’s
Law
Refraction’s
Law (Snell’s
Law)

Refractive
Index

Total
Internal
Reflection

Fiber
Optics
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 Optics

1 Learning Objectives
Objectives
2 Reflection and Refraction of Light
Reflection
& Reflection and Refraction
Refraction Reflection’s Law
Reflection and
Refraction
Refraction’s Law (Snell’s Law)
Reflection’s
Law
Refraction’s 3 Refractive Index
Law (Snell’s
Law)

Refractive 4 The Critical Angle and Total Internal Reflection

Index

Total 5 Fiber Optics

Internal
Reflection

Fiber 6 Practices
Optics
10/29
 Reflection’s Law
Optics
The law of reflection: the angle of incident equals the
angle of reflection
Objectives

Reflection
&
Refraction
Reflection and
Refraction
Reflection’s
Law
Refraction’s
Law (Snell’s
Law)

Refractive
Index

Total
Internal
Reflection

Fiber
Optics
11/29
 Reflection’s Law
Optics
The law of reflection: the angle of incident equals the
angle of reflection
Objectives
θ1 = θ10
Reflection
&
Refraction
Reflection and
Refraction
Reflection’s
Law
Refraction’s
Law (Snell’s
Law)

Refractive
Index

Total
Internal
Reflection

Fiber
Optics
11/29
 Optics

1 Learning Objectives
Objectives
2 Reflection and Refraction of Light
Reflection
& Reflection and Refraction
Refraction Reflection’s Law
Reflection and
Refraction
Refraction’s Law (Snell’s Law)
Reflection’s
Law
Refraction’s 3 Refractive Index
Law (Snell’s
Law)

Refractive 4 The Critical Angle and Total Internal Reflection

Index

Total 5 Fiber Optics

Internal
Reflection

Fiber 6 Practices
Optics
12/29
 Refraction’s Law (Snell’s Law)
Optics
The law of refraction (Snell’s Law): the ratio of the sine of
the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction
Objectives is a constant called the (relative) refractive index
Reflection
&
Refraction
Reflection and
Refraction
Reflection’s
Law
Refraction’s
Law (Snell’s
Law)

Refractive
Index

Total
Internal
Reflection

Fiber
Optics
13/29
 Refraction’s Law (Snell’s Law)
Optics
The law of refraction (Snell’s Law): the ratio of the sine of
the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction
Objectives is a constant called the (relative) refractive index
Reflection n1 sin θ1 = n2 sin θ2
&
Refraction
Reflection and
Refraction
Reflection’s
Law
Refraction’s
Law (Snell’s
Law)

Refractive
Index

Total
Internal
Reflection

Fiber
Optics
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 Reflection and Refraction of Light
Optics

Exercise 1
Calculate the angle of refraction when the angle of incidence at
Objectives
a glass surface is 55◦ (refractive index of the glass = 1.48)
Reflection
&
Refraction
Reflection and
Refraction
Reflection’s
Law
Refraction’s
Law (Snell’s
Law)

Refractive
Index

Total
Internal
Reflection

Fiber
Optics
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 Reflection and Refraction of Light
Optics

Exercise 2
The (absolute) refractive index of water is 1.3 and that of glass
Objectives
is 1.5. Calculate the relative refractive index from glass to
Reflection water.
&
Refraction
Reflection and
Refraction
Reflection’s
Law
Refraction’s
Law (Snell’s
Law)

Refractive
Index

Total
Internal
Reflection

Fiber
Optics
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 Reflection and Refraction of Light
Optics

Exercise 3
A parallel beam of light in air makes an angle of 47.5◦ with the
Objectives
surface of a glass plate having a refractive index of 1.66.
Reflection
& 1 What is the angle between the reflected part of the beam
Refraction and the surface of the glass?
Reflection and
Refraction 2 What is the angle between the refracted beam and the
Reflection’s
Law
surface of the glass?
Refraction’s
Law (Snell’s
Law)

Refractive
Index

Total
Internal
Reflection

Fiber
Optics
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 Optics

1 Learning Objectives
Objectives
2 Reflection and Refraction of Light
Reflection
&
Refraction
3 Refractive Index
Refractive
Index
4 The Critical Angle and Total Internal Reflection
Total
Internal
Reflection 5 Fiber Optics
Fiber
Optics
6 Practices
Practices

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 Refractive Index
Optics

Definition

Objectives The absolute refractive index (n) of a medium is defined

in terms of the speed of light as:
Reflection
& c
Refraction n=
v
Refractive
Index where in
Total c be the speed of light in a vacuum
Internal v be the speed of light in the medium
Reflection

Fiber
Optics

Practices

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 Refractive Index
Optics

Exercise 4
Light traveling in air is incident on the surface of a block of
Objectives
plastic at an angle of 62.7◦ to the normal and is bent so that it
Reflection makes a 48.1◦ angle with the normal in the plastic. Find the
&
Refraction speed of light in the plastic.
Refractive
Index

Total
Internal
Reflection

Fiber
Optics

Practices

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 Optics

1 Learning Objectives
Objectives
2 Reflection and Refraction of Light
Reflection
&
Refraction
3 Refractive Index
Refractive
Index
4 The Critical Angle and Total Internal Reflection
Total
Internal
Reflection 5 Fiber Optics
Fiber
Optics
6 Practices
Practices

20/29
 The Critical Angle and Total Internal Reflection
Optics

Explore

Objectives Critical Angle

Reflection
&
Refraction

Refractive
Index

Total
Internal
Reflection

Fiber
Optics

Practices

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 The Critical Angle and Total Internal Reflection
Optics

Explore

Objectives Critical Angle

Reflection Total Internal Reflection
&
Refraction

Refractive
Index

Total
Internal
Reflection

Fiber
Optics

Practices

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 The Critical Angle and Total Internal Reflection
Optics

Key Points

Objectives Critical Angle

n2
Reflection sin θc =
&
n1
Refraction (n1 high index material)
Refractive
Index

Total
Internal
Reflection

Fiber
Optics

Practices

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 The Critical Angle and Total Internal Reflection
Optics

Exercise 5
Calculate the (average) critical angle for a material of
Objectives
(average) absolute refractive index 1.2.
Reflection
&
Refraction

Refractive
Index

Total
Internal
Reflection

Fiber
Optics

Practices

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 The Critical Angle and Total Internal Reflection
Optics

Exercise 6
The critical angle for total internal reflection at a liquid-air
Objectives
interface is 42.5◦ .
Reflection
& 1 If a ray of light traveling in the liquid has an angle of
Refraction incidence at the interface of 35◦ , what angle does the
Refractive refracted ray in the air make with the normal?
Index
2 If a ray of light traveling in air has an angle of incidence at
Total the interface of 35◦ , what angle does the refracted ray in
Internal
Reflection
the liquid make with the normal?
Fiber
Optics

Practices

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 Optics

1 Learning Objectives
Objectives
2 Reflection and Refraction of Light
Reflection
&
Refraction
3 Refractive Index
Refractive
Index
4 The Critical Angle and Total Internal Reflection
Total
Internal
Reflection 5 Fiber Optics
Fiber
Optics
6 Practices
Practices

25/29
 Fiber Optics
Optics
Explore

Objectives Fiber optics: applications of total internal reflection

Reflection
&
Refraction

Refractive
Index

Total
Internal
Reflection

Fiber
Optics

Practices

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 Fiber Optics
Optics
Explore

Objectives Fiber optics: applications of total internal reflection

Reflection Applications in communication systems
&
Refraction

Refractive
Index

Total
Internal
Reflection

Fiber
Optics

Practices

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 Optics

1 Learning Objectives
Objectives
2 Reflection and Refraction of Light
Reflection
&
Refraction
3 Refractive Index
Refractive
Index
4 The Critical Angle and Total Internal Reflection
Total
Internal
Reflection 5 Fiber Optics
Fiber
Optics
6 Practices
Practices

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 Exercise 7
Optics
A ray of light is traveling in a glass cube that is totally
immersed in water. You find that if the ray is incident on the
Objectives glass–water interface at an angle to the normal larger than
Reflection
48.7◦ , no light is refracted into the water. What is the
& refractive index of the glass?
Refraction

Refractive
Index

Total
Internal
Reflection

Fiber
Optics

Practices

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 Exercise 8
Optics
Light is incident along the normal on face AB of a glass prism
of refractive index 1.52, as shown in Figure. Find the largest
Objectives value the angle α can have without any light refracted out of
Reflection
the prism at face AC if
& 1 the prism is immersed in air
Refraction
2 the prism is immersed in incident water.
Refractive
Index

Total
Internal
Reflection

Fiber
Optics

Practices

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