KVM Teaching and Coaching Center

Chapter 8
12th Standard CBSE

Physics Reg.No. :

SECTION A
1) 1
(a) 0

2) 1
(d) An accelerating charge

3) 1
(a) Ultraviolet rays

4) 1
(b) decrease

5) 1
(a) The associated magnetic field is given as B =
1

c
^ ^
(E 1 i − E 2 j ) cos(kz − ωt)

SECTION B (Answer any four)

6) 2
If an ideal capacitor is charged by DC battery, current flows momentarily till capacitor gets fully
charged after that no current flow. However, when an AC source is connected, then conduction
dq
current,I c = starts flowing in the connecting wire. As charging polarity of
dt

AC current changes, the capacitor is alternatively charged and discharged with time. This causes
change in electric field between plates of the capacitor which causes electric flux to change and gives
rise to displacement current in the region between plates of capacitor, as displacement current
¯

Id = E 0
d ϕ
E
and Id = Ic at all instants.
dt

7) 2
While dealing with the charging of a parallel plate capacitor with varying current, it was found
→
that Ampere's circuital law is not logically consistent, because ⃗
∮ B, dl
has not same value on the two
sides of a plate of charged capacitor. The inconsistency of Ampere's circuital law was removed by
maxwell by predicting the presence of displacement current in the region between the plates of the
capacitor. when the charge on the capacitor is changing with time. Maxwell also predicted that the
sum of conduction current and displacement current has the property of continuity.
The generalised form of Ampere's circuital law, modified by Maxwell states that
→
dϕ
⃗ E
∮ B, dl =μ (I + ID ) = μ ((I + ϵ0 ))
0 0
dt

8) 2
(1) γ-rays
(ii) Infrared waves
9) 2
Ampere circuit law,
→
⃗
∮ B. dl = μ I
0

b/ω the plates of capacitor,

I=0
→
⃗
∮ B. dl = 0

Which is impossible.
Modified ampere circuital law,
→
⃗
∮ B. dl = μ (I + ID )
0

Where ID = Displacement current = ε0

dΦE

dt

10) 2
(a) Infrared waves have frequencies lower than those of visible light, vibrate not only the electrons, but
also the entire atoms or molecules in the structure of the surface.This vibration increases the internal
energy and hence the temperature of the structure, which is why infrared waves are often called heat
waves.
(b) Electromagnetic wave transports linear momentum as it travels through space. If an
electromagnetic wave transfer a total energy U to a surface in time t, then total linear momentum
delivered to the surface is given as
U
p =
c

where, c is the speed of electromagnetic wave.

SECTION C (Answer any four)

11) −1
3
H ere E 0 = 200 N C

2 −4 2
A = 20 cm = 20 × 10 m ; l = 0.10 m

−4 −4 2
V ol. of cylinder, V = Al = (20 × 10 ) × 0.40 = 8 × 10 m

Energy contained in cylinder is

U = volume × energy density

1 2
= v × ϵ0 E
2 0

−4 1 −12 2
= (8 × 10 ) × (8.85 × 10 ) × (200)
2

−10
= 1.42 × 10 J

12) 3
Power converted into e.m.waves, p =
5

100
× 100 = 5W

p
The average intensity of e.m.waves is, I =
4πr2
=
1

2
ϵ0 E
2
0
c

or
1/2
−−−
p− −
1 −1
E0 = √ = [ ] = 4.33 V m
2 2 −12 8
2πe ϵ 0c 2π×(22/7)×(4) ×(8.85×10 )×(3×10 )

13) 3
Given, velocity of electromagnetic wave in vacum, c = 3 X 108 m / s
Relative electric permeability,ε = 2 r

and magnetic permeability, μr =1

Since, velocity of electromagnetic wave in a medium can be calculated by
v= 1

ε ε μ μ
=
ε μ
1

x μ ε
√ 0 r 0 r √ 0 0 √ r r

Where,
1 c
= c ⇒ v =
ε μ μ ε
√ 0 0 √ r r
8

Therefore, v =
3x10
⇒ v =
3
× 10
8
m/s.
√2x1 √2

14) 3
 (i) Y-rays are used for the treatment of certain forms of cancer. Its frequency range is from 3 x
1019 Hz to 3 x 1023 Hz.
(ii) The thin ozone layer on top of stratosphere absorbs most of the harmful ultraviolet rays coming
from the sun towards the earth. They include UVA, UVB and UVC radiations which can destroy the
life system on the earth.Hence, this layer is crucial for human survival.
(iii) Momentum transferred = Energy/Speed of light
E hV −22
= = = 10
c c

Thus, the amount of the momentum transferred by the electromagnetic waves incident on the surface
is very small.

15) 3
(a) IR waves heat up the surface on which they fall that is why they are also known as heat waves.
The radiations next to infrared radiations are:
(i) visible light (on the shorter wavelength side).
(ii) microwaves (on the longer wavelength side).
(b) The frequency of microwave must match with the frequency of the oscillation of water molecules

SECTION D (Answer any three)

16) 5
Given
−6
λm = 1μm = 10

b = 0.2a cm k

−2
= 0.29 × 10 mK

Since λm T = b

b
∴ T =
λm
−2
0.29×10
= = 2900 K
−6
10

17) 5
 Electric field amplitude, E0 = 120 N/C
Frequency of source, ν = 50.0 MHz = 50 x 106 Hz
Speed of light, c = 3 x 108 m/s
(a) Magnitude of magnetic field strength is given as:
E0
B0 =
c

120
=
8
3×10

−7
= 4 × 1) T = 400nT

Angular frequency of source is given as:

ω = 2πν
= 2π x 50 x 106
= 3.14 x 108 rad/s
Propagation constant is given as:
ω
k =
c
8
3.14×10 rad
= = 1.05
8 m
3×10

Wavelength of wave is given as:

c
λ =
v
8
3×10
= = 6.0 m
6
50×10

(b) Suppose the wave is propagating in the positive x direction. Then, the electric field vector will be in
the positive y direction and the magnetic field vector will be in the positive z direction. This is because
all three vectors are mutually perpendicular.
Equation of electric field vector is given as:
⃗ ^
E = E 0 sin(kw − ωt) j

8 ^
= 120 sin[1.05x − 3.14 × 10 t] j

And, magnetic field vector is given as:

⃗ ^
B = B0 sin(kx − ωt)k

⃗ −7 8 ^
B = (4 × 10 ) sin[1.05x − 3.14 × 10 t]k

18) 5
(a) The values shown by Shalini are:
(i) High degree of general awareness
(ii) Ability to take quick decisions
(iii) Concern for her aunt
(iv) Helping and caring nature
(b) Microwave oven works because microwaves of a particular wavelength are very strongly absorbed
by water. The energy carried by the microwaves heats the water up. Generally all food items contain a
lot of water, they can be heated and cooked very quickly in microwave oven. In this way the microwave
heat the food item throughout its volume, not just from the outside as in a normal oven.

19) 5
(a) Presence of mind, knowledge of subject.
(b) Used in telecommunication.
(c) λ = e/v = (3 × 10 )/(3 × 10
8 11
) = 10
−3