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Chi Square Test

The document describes how to perform a chi-square test of independence to determine if there is a link between gender and political party preference. It provides the steps: [1] Define the null and alternative hypotheses; [2] Calculate expected values for the cross tabulation table; [3] Calculate (O-E)2/E for each cell; [4] Sum the values to calculate the test statistic X2; [5] Compare X2 to the critical value using degrees of freedom to determine if the null hypothesis can be rejected. The example test using survey data of 440 voters found sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis, indicating there is an association between gender and political party preference.

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Kushal Patil
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413 views

Chi Square Test

The document describes how to perform a chi-square test of independence to determine if there is a link between gender and political party preference. It provides the steps: [1] Define the null and alternative hypotheses; [2] Calculate expected values for the cross tabulation table; [3] Calculate (O-E)2/E for each cell; [4] Sum the values to calculate the test statistic X2; [5] Compare X2 to the critical value using degrees of freedom to determine if the null hypothesis can be rejected. The example test using survey data of 440 voters found sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis, indicating there is an association between gender and political party preference.

Uploaded by

Kushal Patil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chi Square Test:

Let's say you want to know if gender has anything to do with political party preference. You poll
440 voters in a simple random sample to find out which political party they prefer. The results of
the survey are shown in the table below:

To see if Gender
ender is linked to political party preference, perform a Chi-Square
Chi
test of independence using the steps below.

Step 1: Define the Hypothesis

H0: There is no link between gender and political party preference.

H1: There is a link between gender and political party preference.

Step 2: Calculate the Expected Values

Now you will calculate the expected frequency.

For example, the expected value for Male Republicans is:

Similarly, you can calculate the expected value for each of the cells.
2
Step 3: Calculate (O-E) / E for Each Cell in the Table

Now you will calculate the (O - E)2 / E for each cell in the table.

Where

O = Observed Value

E = Expected Value

2
Step 4: Calculate the Test Statistic X

X2 is the sum of all the values in the last table

= 0.743 + 2.05 + 2.33 + 3.33 + 0.384 + 1

= 9.837

Before you can conclude, you must first determine the critical statistic, which requires
determining our degrees of freedom. The degrees of freedom in this case are equal to the table's
number of columns minus one multiplied by the table's number of rows minus one, or (r-1) (r (c-1).
We have (3-1)(2-1) = 2.
Finally, you compare our obtained statistic to the critical statistic found in the chi-square table.
As you can see, for an alpha level of 0.05 and two degrees of freedom, the critical statistic is
5.991, which is less than our obtained statistic of 9.83. You can reject our null hypothesis
because the critical statistic is higher than your obtained statistic.

This means you have sufficient evidence to say that there is an association between gender and
political party preference.

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