QUANTOM MECHANICS

QUANTUM MEL HANI(G:-

Lhanick: - deneubon the dyymamues at matrias badss
elati, mnnntum ond ohhe
untaratn belmaen mattz and naditon

Clancal challungd byi

a at
stivistic Domain i- Nuuanam mchane
thed camarable to'bat

Fala tota aahlasn

Oomain - Fau
nadiator
ealain blachbady
. Mictoscopl
plata-dcbri ed,atami ntabidy
atamie natay

PHOTOELECTRIC LFFECT:
. Planck's Postulate -.enerqt eochange beluem
radation amd matto u diceta.

h6.62Xo4
E= nhv

h Ploch amtad
Mumhe
es ayetion te uqurad
he fo ibat bhatt
ot
Juguen Mininmum Fruqunay Thoedald 4.
alecrona pheto-
lian
Kunstic 3
emited electran phato- oNe. a.
) CIo lag time mall
immdiately
uth emtted Elconu 1.
Effect:
Photoelectric Aspects
of
cincidunt
nadation ¬aumetaly -watay
ed, enengy
ncidont intenty
ad dyendunt, e
theTheny, Wane Naxuuall dasucal toAce.
Dierepany -classiÉal
ad
t afkmacked to
bentay
matal (uithun
the elacltanu by
nim incident the innedcamta enengy
NAdLalion
metal a Stn
n yuchono EHet -Electrie HaPhoto
 hvo - h ’k=E
(v-) h K.E
hñ =M-E >
Fraguet Thoenhald Vo
Wohv,=
KE,Uen any prauide nat
acd enaugh
to yint nggi 1T
ae but thee
1my2 Wo =hv
++ Wh
lcbons. jhato- spctad
alectron.
to wed eneray a.Rest
a
Bee te K-E
motal) wack
tejunciono cphato-alhcbiL
Awro Erematal t
om mawe amd otom H
eneigt Ghalan's .
abnexhed
by omltaly Jaton -On
is
eletton. ome. INs INSTE
EavATIDNProTo-ELECTAIC
SP
Jram suAaual
sty'ng
metal
medat votnge minumum
to volthgs num fotential:-
te nta JAolalctron
Sunyai. Netnl
indaandeund
 lb PE CLOm
ineraaneA gradaly
tvepatontin
H

St
callectar elertode wrttl
on
all PE ae callbded
attnun
l Jhem 0 PE w1emt
Aaturatien & valua.
ncaA
The saturaton cuXo

" Aha Unceare uuith

fugunay greato prahahility
at election eninion whem
calliiion halhena uth HE Jhston)
Q Calculat te
buquney and wauelength oa
|1ev = 1.602 X 109J

E- 75ev= 75 X1.60R XIo 9J

E= hu
Hz
6.6a x (o-84

C= h
8
18.149x|os = 1.65 0 m
h
 Fnd
the mumbex mlh o meegy mlle) (3
odio ntahon henn. at a

NATURT OF MATTER : de -BeoLIE HYpoTHESIS:

Dual
Dssrzaks
" pescrubu the dua mate at had in which
wich wase
maung ahid (de- Bragli
hzabored tad eleclran haue hahetiu o bath u e
amd hanttlen Wha igt) a

de to aajlnin tha theany

-Bagle rapad tha hyhalbenin quation
ot alamic t t u a amd derune thad
anaciated çuth
astablihad aa cametion betueen A
Equualamea
Na Plank's and Enein's Nau- Energ
(3 Nao Plank's thoaxy, uhuh xtat tad quantam
wae. hau a duceta amaunt o anengy
E hv -4)

"Erialean's mas anexqy aquualme, uhii tat

ç canentatad inangy (man amd amazay
one and the same) i-e amhing hauing man ha
cquua lknd amaut

E=m)
a)
Co -xolatad tr abaue uel hnaun
equahYna by canaiduing the Jad
atthad a"a.
tha uane mate amd egh (a) chazatiu
hartide behauiaux.
hñ =m o )

" de- roge. aumad both enargi Auld be nam

unde to hyhatena ot hatia and uaue hau
tre Sane tátA.

uuhexe, c i tha wlacity o L¡ht and maloual

Jaulada do mot taua at the
Thu the cam bo
be xahlasd uath
V.
 h. mV

h
mv

uhere h u PLamck's comtal m u ha man

ahask aouaion ç cakd de Bzage wanalengt

Pü ta mamenkum te wone- hazice
DoEs NoT Exxst lNSIOE NocLuES:
ELECTAON

Haicen barg's Uncartainty

Principle.
zoducod Plam's camt
h

Fox an elactron, m

bnuclan.

= 5-a X|0-!
Qxp

96 Mev
ax9. xID 31

Eman = 4Mev
 wong and

In A oy nfinte Potan.,l
Stn tgy 0fA Partiele

Vee

am
LAp a h
am

E=
aLm

WAVE FoNGTION:
xa)xonant vaualion af heigt a the

Saund wauen xadrerent vaialion

wautisn remueen
madüum
variation f electic and
" Lugtt waMea rusnanant
maguat hald vqiation
" Natte uole
 xahnenanta
d momentumquem au

-(lao- wt)

unzlin
Lotion deeribe he aiion ond tate o tha
damuntazy ahule (daton)
camjlea -ualud hunion
umtion ae (r) amd time (t)
ha n
.jV1° unluatd at atiula plna at a
hazhiula tine u
aaanal
et hading ta hatida ts te aahabidy
Bucs at tat tima.
ha tha
alluung haracitien
Muat be
Y mut be
cotimou
mut be inqle ualad
’ mt be memaiadle
Yydv1
 ot) han on wnya
f x amd t
hald. be. mel behaued
St
"Contne os : - Vxt)
f ing
- Normahsabla:- Prahabitynytabn
wthin tha in wnty
. Phy Sign.t- ydea mat haue any hhy
gmyicamca becnne
walind tunebon

Y can be eoeed
1 = a+ìb
Yayz,t)
camplea camguigata
Yyz,t) = a-ib
dencue the pxahoty
dima
demty at jndog
a pazlala in toe at a

SCHRONOINGER WAVE EavATI ON;

Time Depen dent Equation : wauea i a l e d
wwth co-adenale

the natler eawe.

be the uadic dilacement
at any imtanee of tüme t , thn we cam xehrend
 malbm the arrla bt orsninl eayal- (9
tha
Jellau
JWex,t)

E uOs
dt

Soluhon
+i (kx- wt)
Yx,t) = Ae
u,ludbe +Duide uith in ea? a t aapantial tem
+ih
n (kx-bt)
Yzt)= Ae
Yat)= Ae
Yzt) = Ae Pz-Et) (

P= tR
=h xar E =hu

n(32 uw-r.t C
(Pa- Et)
at)
À(P- Et) X
1 Ae t
 Yat)

PYzt) = -ih dYt)

Pa -i h mamentum
operator

Djauiliating L (Px- Et)

)
t) -P Yizt)

te
Rearang
PYat) = - > > t ) (o0)

w.f.t t ' :

L(Pa-Et) (àE)

-L E Yat)
t

Yra,e)
E i
Energt
perator
 - h2 t)
am

sdandiige -bims dapodont enuatrer.

Tine - Ihdopen dent juation :
-h*
am
) + v Yizyt)
L (Px- Et)
Vt) = Ae
-LEt
Ae

dt am

i Yoz) e Qm

-iE f) am

am
 -v) Vs) =o|
am (E
i
A 1-0 B ox
Stt PARTICLE
batca mam n
Conudo a patsalia) uell.
untaboa battia =0
nide a
Inude ha uell/
dimenind ta box
cuhezsa the x-L. VOmeom
u m x=0 to moNe itthin X -0
e to
paxticke inite patantial hanuall.
boa but tha uuala
wall tho
inpared on canditron, a
bam ase
inhad V= 0
Then the

V=O

Qm E

the baundat cenditon

At 2=0, =0 At x>L y-Ô

kL = n

-h"n
am L2
a m
To calulot the
55)
ondtion manmaluyain
au
uhs ta camdtion
gnalyaton guen

Substcta wale a wae

Juncduon

# Fez n=
 raugh
tanle In
TuNNEL
quanhom
tha
pahntialt
patutial
bariar.
muhanis,
EFF
EGT
/Qu
barureen
baruur ANTUM
timnling
TuNNLINi

lect
partile
emeegy
pantila
panätrat