Part 5 - Grammar

Lesson 6 - Verb forms & tenses

Rules
Present simple We always have a staff
1. Routines & habits meeting every Friday at 4:00
P.M.
What time do you usually
2. planned events
get home from work?

*adverbs of frequency:
always, usually, often, sometimes,
3. things that are
seldom, never
always true. *time markers:
every day, once a week
Present simple
1. Routines & habits The train does not leave until
five o'clock.

2. planned (future) School begins at nine

events tomorrow.

3. things that are What time does the film start?

always true.
Present simple
Michael speaks Spanish and
1. Routines & habits Italian.

2. planned events People need food.

It snows in winter here.

3. things that are
always true. Two and two make four.
Present continuous
1. things that are Susan is having lunch at the
happening right now moment.

2. future planned Why are you advertising for

events new staff?

*adverbs and time markers:

*Note at the moment, right now, still
Present continuous
1. things that are I am not attending the
happening right now conference next week, because
it is canceled.
2. future planned
events We're having a staff meeting
next Monday.
*Note
Present continuous
1. things that are *don’t use the continuous
happening right now form for:
- stative verbs (e.g. know,
2. future planned believe, see, hear)
events - verbs of emotion (like,
want, prefer, etc.)
*Note
Present perfect
Andrew has worked for that
1. things that have company for ten years.
started but not finished
(or no specific time) *for = a period of time (for
three years)
2. general experience *since = a point of time (since
2011).
3. things that happened
very recently
Present perfect
1. things that have Where have you been up to
started but not finished now?
(or no specific time)
A: Have you finished your
2. general experience homework yet?
B: No, so far I've only done
3. things that happened my history.
very recently
Present perfect
We have not exported to the
1. things that have European Union before.
started but not finished
(no specific time)
I've played the guitar ever
2. general experience since I was a teenager.
3. things that happened
very recently
He has written three books.
Present perfect
Have you ever seen a ghost?
1. things that have
started but not finished
(no specific time)
My last birthday was the
2. general experience worst day I have ever had.

3. things that happened

very recently
Present perfect
1. things that have The mayor has just resigned.
started but not finished
(no specific time)
Scientists have recently
2. general experience discovered a new breed of
monkey.
3. things that happened
very recently
Past simple
1. things that finished We delivered the parts to the
in the past (with customer two week ago.
specific time)
Did you stay in the Grand
Hotel yesterday?

I did not go to the party last

Monday because I felt sick.
Past continuous
1. for things that were Wasn't anyone waiting for
in progress in the past, you when you arrived?
or that were interrupted
in the past.
Sam was typing a report
when his computer crashed.
Past perfect
1. things that happened When we arrived, the
before another action meeting had already started.
in the past.

Although I had not given a

presentation before, I did not
feel nervous.
Future forms
1. intentions, plans Are you going to take a
made earlier. vacation this year?

2. for decisions made

at the time of speaking What are you doing this
evening?
Future forms
1. intentions, plans
made earlier. I will help you with that bag.

2. for decisions made

at the time of speaking;
prediction I’m sure/think you will have
a good time.
Practice
1. We _____ coffee when the new Vice President
came into the office.
(A) have
Past actions in progress
(B) were having were interrupted
(C) will have
(D) have had
2. What time is Mrs. Ono _____?
(A) will come
(B) going come
(C) come
(D) coming present continuous for a planned
future event.
3. Sorry, James is not here. I think he _____ ten
minutes ago.
(A) left action finished in
the past
(B) had left
(C) was leaving
(D) has left
4. Mr. Denny called to say the package you sent
_____ arrived yet.
(A) was not
(B) did not
(C) has not unfinished action.
(D) is not
5. Where _____ next month's sales meeting going
to take place?
(A) will
(B) is plans made earlier
(C) has
(D) did
6. What _____ you arguing about with Peter just
now?
(A) have
(B) did
(C) were actions in progress in the past.
(D) are
7. Brendon _____ work until late last night.
(A) did not finish The action was completed
(B) had not finished in the past
(C) has not finished
(D) will not finish
8. I _____ that the new rescue plan will work.
(A) am doubting
(B) will doubt Structure:
(C) doubt I think/am sure/doubt that
(D) was doubting sth/s.o will …
9. It was the first time the creative team _____
since January, so there was a lot to discuss.
(A) meets
(B) is meeting
(C) had met
(D) will meet
10. It is definitely true that we _____ a period of
great uncertainty at the moment.
(A) experience
(B) are going to experience
(C) have experienced
(D) are experiencing things happening around
now.