AoPS Community 2013 Today’s Calculation Of Integral

Today’s Calculation Of Integral 2013

www.artofproblemsolving.com/community/c4033
by Kunihiko Chikaya

Re f (t)
860 For a function f (x) (x ≥ 1) satisfying f (x) = (loge x)2 − 1 t dt, answer the questions as
below.
(a) Find f (x) and the y-coordinate of the inflection point of the curve y = f (x).
(b) Find the area of the figure bounded by the tangent line of y = f (x) at the point (e, f (e)),
the curve y = f (x) and the line x = 1.

861 Answer the questions as below.

2
(1) Find the local minimum of y = x(1 − x2 )ex .
(2) Find the total area of the part bounded the graph of the function in (1) and the x-axis.

862 Draw a tangent with positive slope to a parabola y = x2 + 1. Find the x-coordinate such that
the area of the figure bounded by the parabola, the tangent and the coordinate axisis is 11
3 .

π
t
For 0 < t ≤ 1, let F (t) = 1
R
863 t 0
2
| cos 2x| dx.
(1) Find limt→0 F (t).
(2) Find the range of t such that F (t) ≥ 1.

864 Let m, n be positive integer such that 2 ≤ m < n.

(1) Prove the inequality as follows.

n+1−m 1 1 1 1 n+1−m
< 2+ 2
+ ··· + 2
+ 2 <
m(n + 1) m (m + 1) (n − 1) n n(m − 1)

(2) Prove the inequality as follows.

 
3 1 1
≤ lim 1 + 2 + · · · + 2 ≤ 2
2 n→∞ 2 n

(3) Prove the inequality which is made precisely in comparison with the inequality in (2) as
follows.
 
29 1 1 61
≤ lim 1 + 2 + · · · + 2 ≤
18 n→∞ 2 n 36

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865 Find the volume of the solid generated by a rotation of the region enclosed by the curve y =
x3 − x and the line y = x about the line y = x as the axis of rotation.

866 Given a solid R contained in a semi cylinder with the hight 1 which has a semicircle with radius
1 as the base. The cross section at the hight x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) is the form combined with two right-
angled triangles as attached figure as below. Answer the following questions.
(1) Find the cross-sectional area S(x) at the hight x.
(2) Find the volume of R. If necessary, when you integrate, set x = sin t.
R2
867 Express 0 f (x)dx for any quadratic functions f (x) in terms of f (0), f (1) and f (2).

868 In the coordinate space, define a square S, defined by the inequality |x| ≤ 1, |y| ≤ 1 on the
xy-plane, with four vertices A(−1, 1, 0), B(1, 1, 0), C(1, −1, 0), D(−1, −1, 0). Let V1 be the
solid by a rotation of the square S about the line BD as the axis of rotation, and let V2 be the
solid by a rotation of the square S about the line AC as the axis of rotation.
(1) For a real number t such that 0 ≤ t < 1, find the area of cross section of V1 cut by the plane
x = t.
(2) Find the volume of the common part of V1 and V2 .
Rπ
869 Let In = 1
n+1 0 x(sin nx + nπ cos nx)dx (n = 1, 2, · · · ).
Answer the questions below.
(1) Find In .
(2) Find ∞
P
n=1 In .

870 Consider the ellipse E : 3x2 + y 2 = 3 and the hyperbola H : xy = 34 .

(1) Find all points of intersection of E and H.
(2) Find the area of the region expressed by the system of inequality

3x2 + y 2 ≤ 3


xy ≥ 34 ,

871 Define sequences {an }, {bn } by

Z π Z π
6 6
an = en sin θ dθ, bn = en sin θ cos θdθ (n = 1, 2, 3, · · · ).
− π6 − π6

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(1) Find bn .
(2) Prove that for each n, bn ≤ an ≤ √2 bn .
3

(3) Find limn→∞ 1

n ln(nan ).

872 Let n be a positive integer.

(1) For a positive integer k such that 1 ≤ k ≤ n, Show that :
k
π
k−1
Z
2n 2n k
sin 2nt cos t dt = (−1)k+1 2
(cos π + cos π).
k−1
π 4n − 1 2n 2n
2n

(2) Find the area Sn of the part expressed by a parameterized curve Cn : x = sin t, y =
sin 2nt (0 ≤ t ≤ π).
If necessary, you may use n−1 k 1 1
P
k=1 cos 2n π = 2 ( tan π − 1) (n ≥ 2).
4n

(3) Find limn→∞ Sn .

873 Let a, b be positive real numbers. Consider the circle C1 : (x − a)2 + y 2 = a2 and the ellipse
2
C2 : x2 + yb2 = 1.
(1) Find the condition for which C1 is inscribed in C2 .
(2) Suppose b = √13 and C1 is inscribed in C2 . Find the coordinate (p, q) of the point of tangency
in the first quadrant for C1 and C2 .
(3) Under the condition in (1), find the area of the part enclosed by C1 , C2 for x ≥ p.
60 point

874 Given a parabola C : y = 1 − x2 in xy-palne with the origin O. Take two points P (p, 1 −
p2 ), Q(q, 1 − q 2 ) (p < q) on C.
(1) Express the area S of the part enclosed by two segments OP, OQ and the parabalola C in
terms of p, q.
(2) If q = p + 1, then find the minimum value of S.
(3) If pq = −1, then find the minimum value of S.

x2 +x+1
R1
875 Evaluate 0 x4 +x3 +x2 +x+1 dx.

876 Suppose a function f (x) is continuous on [−1, 1] and satisfies the condition :
1) f (−1) ≥ f (1).

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2) x + f (x) is non decreasing function.

R1
3) −1 f (x) dx = 0.
R1
Show that −1 f (x)2 dx ≤ 23 .

n+2 n+2
877 Let f (x) = limn→∞ sinsinn x+cos
x+cosn x
x
for 0 ≤ x ≤ π2 .
Rπ
Evaluate 02 f (x) dx.

878 A cubic function f (x) satisfies the equation sin 3t = f (sin t) for all real numbers t.
R1 √
Evaluate 0 f (x)2 1 − x2 dx.

879 Evaluate the integrals as follows.

R x2
(1) 2−x dx
R √
(2) 3 x5 + x3 dx
R1
(3) 0 (1 − x) cos πx dx

sin2 at+t2 sin2 at−t2

For a > 2, let f (t) = π
and


880 at sin at , g(t) = at sin at 0 < |t| < 2a

let C : x2 − y 2 = 4 2
. Answer the questions as follows.


a2
x≥ a

(1) Show that the point (f (t), g(t)) lies on the curve C.
(2) Find the normal line of the curve C at the point (limt→0 f (t), limt→0 g(t)) .
(3) Let V (a) be the volume of the solid generated by a rotation of the part enclosed by the curve
C, the nornal line found in (2) and the x-axis. Express V (a) in terms of a, then find lima→∞ V (a).

R π P2013 2
881 Evaluate −π k=1 sin kx dx.

Pn
882 Find limn→∞ 1
k=1 n+k (ln(n + k) − ln n).

883 Prove that for each positive integer n

4n2 + 1 π
eπ − e−π − 2 (2n + 1)2
Z
(ex − e−x ) cos 2nx dx > ln .
4n2 − 1 0 4 (2n − 1)(n + 3)

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884 Prove that : Z π π

π(e − 1) < e| cos 4x| dx < 2(e 2 − 1)
0

885 Find the infinite integrals as follows.

(1) 2013 Hiroshima City University entrance exam/Informatic Science
R x2
2−x2
dx
(2) 2013 Kanseigakuin University entrance exam/Science and Technology
R 4
x ln x dx
(3) 2013 Shinsyu University entrance exam/Textile Science and Technology, Second-exam
R cos3 x
sin2 x
dx

886 Find the functions f (x), g(x) such that

Rπ
f (x) = ex sin x + R0 ug(u) du
π
g(x) = ex cos x + 0 uf (u) du
Rx
887 For the function f (x) = 0 1+t2 ,
dt
answer the questions as follows.

Note : Please solve the problems without using directly the formula 1+x −1 x + C
R 1
2 dx = tan
for Japanese High School students those who don’t study arc sin x, arc cos x, arc tanx.
√
(1) Find f ( 3)
R √3
(2) Find 0 xf (x) dx
(3) Prove that for x > 0. f (x) + f x1 is constant, then find the value.

888 In the coordinate plane, given a circle K : x2 + y 2 = 1, C : y = x2 − 2. Let l be the tangent line
of K at P (cos θ, sin θ) (π < θ < 2π). Find the minimum area of the part enclosed by l and C.

889 Find the area S of the region enclosed by the curve y = x − 1

x (x > 0) and the line y = 2.

890 A function fn (x) (n = 1, 2, · · · ) is defined by f1 (x) = x and

Z 1
e
fn (x) = x + fn−1 (t)ex−t dt (n = 2, 3, · · · )
2 0
.
Find fn (x).

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891 Given a triangle OAB with the vetices O(0, 0, 0), A(1, 0, 0), B(1, 1, 0) in the xyz space.
Let V be the cone obtained by rotating the triangle around the x-axis.
Find the volume of the solid obtained by rotating the cone V around the y-axis.
π
Find the minimum value of f (x) =
R
893 0
4
| tan t − x|dt.

894 Let a be non zero real number. Find the area of the figure enclosed by the line y = ax, the curve
y = x ln(x + 1).

895 In the coordinate plane, suppose that the parabola C : y = − p2 x2 + q (p > 0, q > 0) touches
the circle with radius 1 centered on the origin at distinct two points. Find the minimum area
of the figure enclosed by the part of y ≥ 0 of C and the x-axis.

√ √ q
896 Given sequences an = 1
n
n
2n Pn , bn = 1
n2
n
4n P2n and cn = n 8n P4n
6n P4n
, find limn→∞ an , limn→∞ bn and
limn→∞ cn .

897 Find the volume V of the solid formed by a rotation of the region enclosed by the curve y =
2x − 1 and two lines x = 0, y = 1 around the y axis.

898 Let a, b be positive constants.

Evaluate x+a
Z 1 ln (x+a)
(x+b)x+b
dx.
0 (x + a)(x + b) ln(x + a) ln(x + b)

899 Find the limit as below.

(12 + 22 + · · · + n2 )(13 + 23 + · · · + n3 )(14 + 24 + · · · + n4 )

lim
n→∞ (15 + 25 + · · · + n5 )2

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