DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
NOTE: All the designs to taught in “LIMIT STATE METHOD”

THE END EXAMINATION PAPER SHOULD CONSIST OF…

PART-A &PART-B
WEIGHTAGE FOR PART-A: 40% [1Q*32M = 32 MARKS]
WEIGHTAGE FOR PART-B: 60% [3Q*16M = 48 MARKS]

PART-A CONSISTS OF TWO QUESTIONS IN DESIGN AND DRAWING

OUT OF WHICH ONE QUESTION IS TO BE ANSWERED

PART-B SHOULD CONSIST OF FIVE QUESTIONS AND OUT OF WHICH

THREE ARE TO BE ANSWERED

USE OF IS-456-200 &SP-16 ALLOWED IN THE EXAMINATIONS

UNIT-I: CONSTITUENTS OF CONCRETE

UNIT-II: INTRODUCTION OF LIMIT STATE DESIGN

UNIT-III: LIMIT STATE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF BEAMS

UNIT-IV: LIMIT STATE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SECTION

FOR SHEAR, TORSION & BOND

UNIT-V: LIMIT STATE DESIGN OF COLUMNS

UNIT-VI: LIMIT STATE DESIGN OF FOOTINGS

UNIT-VII: LIMIT STATE DESIGN OF SLABS

UNIT-VIII: LIMIT STATE DESIGN FOR

SERVICEABILITY, DEFLECTION, CRACKING
UNIT –I: CONSTITUENTS OF “REINFORCED CONCRETE”

I. CONCRETE
1. CEMENT
2. AGGREGATES & TESTING OF AGGREGATES
1. Explain bulking of sand and its practical significance.
2. Describe the procedure for Bulking of sand.
3. WATER
3. Why water is essential for concrete making?
4. Discuss the requirements for mixing water for concrete. Why sea water is not normally recommended?
4. ADMIXTURES
5. PROPERTIES OF FRESH CONCRETE:
WORKABILITY OF CONCRETE, SEGREGATION &BLEEDING OF CONCRETE
5. What is workability of concrete?
6. List & explain briefly the factors influencing the workability of concrete.
7. What are the various tests to find the workability of concrete? Explain in detail any two workability tests
on concrete.
6. PRODUCTION OF CONCRETE
7. HARDENED CONCRETE
STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF HARDENED CONCRETE
8. What is Abram’s law? What are its limitations?
9. Describe effect of water-cement ratio on strength of concrete.
10. Briefly explain how the strength of concrete varies with age.
11. Explain with reference to the ease of flow, how the size of aggregate, grading of aggregate, proportions of
fine to coarse aggregate, and shape of aggregate are chosen in high strength concretes and low strength
concretes.
TESTING OF HARDENED CONCRETE
12. Explain the difference between cube strength and cylinder strength. Which value is more representative?
13. Why is the cube strength different from cylinder strength for the same grade of concrete?
14. What is modulus of rupture of concrete? How can the direct tensile strength of concrete be obtained?
8. DFORMATION PROPERTIES OF HARDENED CONCRETE:
ELASTICITY, CREEP AND SHRINKAGE OF CONCRETE
15. Draw typical stress-strain curve of concrete and indicate various modulii.
16. Distinguish between static modulus and dynamic modulus of elasticity of concrete.
9. DURABILITY OF CONCRETE
10. PROPORTIONING CONCRETE MIXES [CONCRETE MIX DESIGN]
17. Discuss the salient properties of various grades of concrete as per IS 456-200. What are the correspondence
nominal mixes?
18. Explain the salient features of the I-S code method of concrete mix design.

II. STEEL REINFORCEMENT

19. Sketch the stress-strain relationship for concrete and steel.
20. What is meant by bundling of bars? What is the maximum number of bars that can contribute to a bundle?
What are the specifications regarding development length of bundled bars?
21. When do steel reinforcements require splicing? What is the length of bars that are usually available in the
market? Enumerate the methods used for splicing.
22. Explain the stress-strain behavior of cold worked deformed bars and mild steel bars.
23. Sketch the stress-strain curves for the following.
(a) Mild steel (Fe 250)
(b) Fe 415
(c) Fe 500.
 UNIT –II: INTRODUCTION OF LIMIT STATE DESIGN
1. What is characteristic strength?
2. What is meant by characteristic strength of materials as used in IS 456 (2000)?
3. Explain the partial safety factors for materials and loads as per IS 456-2000.
4. What is normal distribution in statistics and what is the relationship between mean value and characteristic
value in such a distribution assuming 5 percent confidence limit?
5. Explain the assumption in limit state design?
6. Define the term ‘partial safety factors’ as used in limit state design. Identify the various factors and state the
values recommended in IS 456.
7. Compare ‘working stress method’ and ‘limit state’ design of R.C.C. structures. Explain the answer with
suitable examples.
8. Discuss the merits and demerits of the Traditional methods of design (Working stress method and ultimate
load method).
9. Write short notes about the following: Advantages of Limit State Design over Elastic design.
10. Write short notes on any three of the following: L.S.D Vs W.S.D
11. Write short notes on any three of the following: L.S.D for Cracking.
12. Is the limit state method a better method of design for concrete structures than the working stress design?
Give reasons for your answer.
13. Why does the code limit the compressive strength of concrete in structural design to 0.67 fck and not fck?
14. Enumerate the five limit states commonly used in limit state design and state briefly how they are provided
for in design.
15. Explain different limit states.
16. Define various partial safety factors used on limit state design as per IS456?
17. Explain the design stress-strain curves in limit state design?
18. Explain in detail about serviceability limit states?
19. Explain ‘diagonal tension’ and ‘limiting depth of neutral axis’.
20. Discuss the stress block materials and hence obtain the formula for depth of neutral axis from first
principles and limit state method.
21. Define the term ‘partial safety factors’ as used in limit state design. Identify the various factors and state the
values recommended in IS 456.
22. Compare ‘working stress method’ and ‘limit state’ design of R.C.C. structures. Explain the answer with
suitable examples.
23. What are the assumptions made in the limit state design method in flexure? Design
24. Obtain the stress block parameters in the limit state method from first principles and hence derive the
moment of resistance of a balanced rectangular section.
25. Explain the terms:
(a) Safety
(b) Serviceability
(c) Partial safety factor for materials.
UNIT –III: LIMIT STATE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF BEAMS
LIMIT STATE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SINGLY REINFORCED BEAM SECTIONS
1. Discuss in brief basic assumptions of bending theory.
2. Drive expressions for the position of neutral axis and moment of resistance of balanced rectangular section.
3. How do you find the moment of resistance of a beam section?
4. Describe various failure modes of a concrete beam.
5. Explain: Balanced, Under reinforced and Over reinforced sections.
6. Explain the Indian specifications for allowable shear in beams?
7. Calculate the stresses produced in a rectangular beam 350 X 800mm due to torsion of 30KNm.
8. What is the nature of these stresses and what type of reinforcements should be provided to resist these
stresses?
9. Sketch the pattern of cracking in a beam under torsional moment.
10. Under what conditions doubly reinforced beams are preferred? Explain.
11. Why does the code impose minimum and maximum limits with regard to
i. spacing
ii. Percentage area of flexural reinforcement.
12. What the advantages and disadvantages of providing large clear cover to reinforcement in flexural
members.
13. Derive an expression for moment of resistance of a rectangular section reinforced both in compression and
tension by elastic theory, using M20 concrete and Fe415 steel.
14. When the side reinforcement is provided in beams? What the specifications for side reinforcement?
15. Explain the term ‘limiting depth of neutral axis’ in R.C beam design. Derive its value for a rectangular
section using Fe 250 grade steel and M 20 concrete.
16. Find the moment of resistance of a R.C. rectangular section 225 mm x 450 mm, reinforced with 4 bars of 20
mm dia. at the bottom and 3 bars of 16 mm dia. at the top. Take effective covers at top and bottom = 40 mm
and use M20 Concrete and Fe415 steel.
17. Design a rectangular beam section 300 X 550 mm subjected to an ultimate twisting moment of 25 kN.m,
combined with an ultimate bending moment of 60 kN.m and an ultimate shear force of 50 kN. Assume M
20 concrete and Fe 415 steel. Draw longitudinal section and cross section of the designed beam.
18. Design a rectangular beam at mid span having an effective span of 4.5 m. The superimposed load is 50
kN/m and the beam is limited to 230mm x 400mm (overall depth). Use M 20 concrete and Fe 415 grade
steel.
19. Design a simply reinforced rectangular simply supported beam with 4.8 m clear span. It is subjected to a
super imposed load of 28 kN/m. Use M 20 grade concrete? Draw the details of the beam neatly.
20. A simply supported reinforced concrete beam of 4m span seqwnes seven Fe 415 bases of 16mm in lension.
2
Find the distance from the centre of the beam where central bars can be curlaited f = 15N/mm . d =
CK
300mm. span = 4m.
21. A simply supported reinforced concrete beam of 4m span seqwnes seven Fe 415 bases of 16mm in lension.
2
Find the distance from the centre of the beam where central bars can be curlaited f = 15N/mm . d =
CK
300mm. span = 4m.
22. Design the Flexural Reinforcement for the Rectangular concrete Beam of size 250 mm ×400mm simply
supported an two marmarry walls 230mm thick and 6m apart. The Beam has to carry in addition to its own
weight, a distributed live load of 10kN/m, dead load of 5 kN/m and a concentrated dead load of 30kN
placed at the mid span point. Assume that the Beam in subjected to moderate exposure conditions and grade
of steel Fe 415 used. Draw suitable scale longitudinal section and cross section of the Beam
23. A beam with four 32 mm bars as main tension steel has two of to four main bars bent at the end of the beam
0
at 45 . Find the stirrups required for resistance against shear failure at the ends if the factored shear force at
2 2
the critical section is 400kN. B=350mm; d=550mm; fck = 25N/mm and fes 415N/mm .
24. A supply supported beam of 5 meters effective span carrying a uniformly district selected load has a bredth
of 150mm and effective depth of 260mm. It consists of four 16mm diameter bars. If the factored local load
 is 75 kN. Calculate the maximum local bond stress and the ancharged length required? Assume M 30 grade
concrete and fe 415 steel.
25. Design a simply supported concrete beam to support a uniformly distributed factored load of intensity
40kN/m inclusive of its own weight on an effective span of 4m. Verify the capacity of the section to take
care of shear in beam. Use M20 grade concrete and Fe 415 steel.
26. A reinforced concrete simply supported beam is 300 X 500 mm in section. It has an effective span of 6 m
and cover to centre of the main steel is 50mm. Design the beam if the total uniformly distributed
characteristic load is 50 kN/m, design the flexure and shear reinforcements using M 25 mix and Fe415 steel.
Draw longitudinal section and cross section of the beam.
27. A reinforced concrete simply supported beam is 300 mm x 500 mm size in section. The effective span of
the beam is 6m and effective cover is 50mm. The beam is having 5 nos 20 mm mild steel bars at centre of
which two numbers are curtailed at 0.15L from the supports. If the shear force at the support is 100kN
design the shear reinforcement? Concrete is M25 grade.
28. Design a cantilever beam of 3.20m span to carry a live load of 16 kN/m and a dead load of 12kN/m. Use M
20 grade concrete and Hysd bars of fe 415 grade.
29. A singly reinforced rectangular beam is subjected to a bending moment of 50kN.m at working loads.
Design the beam for flexure. The materials are M20 grade concrete and mild steel reinforcement of grade
Fe 250. Use limit state method.
30. A reinforced beam is simply supported over a span of 5m and carries a UDL of 20kN/m including its self
weight. If the cross-section of the beam is restricted to 275mm X 575mm, determine the areas of tension
and compression steel. Give M20 grade of concrete and Fe415 grade of steel.
31. Determine the ultimate moment of resistance of a beam 300mm wide and 450mm deep to the centre of
reinforcement if it is provided with 4 box of 12mm diameter as tension reinforcement. Use M20 concrete
and Fe415 grade steel.
32. Design a singly reinforced beam of rectangular cross section to carry a superimposed load of 30kN/m over
a simply supported span of 5m. Use M20 grade of concrete and Fe415 grade of steel. Use limit state
method.
33. Design a rectangular beam at mid span having an effective span of 4.5m. The superimposed load is 50kN/m
and the beam is limited to 230mmx400mm (overall depth). Use M20 concrete and Fe415 grade steel. Adopt
limit state method.
34. Determine the maximum superimposed distributed load which the beam section 220 mm x 440 mm
(effective cover = 40 mm) reinforced with 4 Nos. 20 mm dia. plain mild steel bars, can carry, if the
effective span is 5 m. Concrete used M20.
35. Design a simply supported concrete beam to support a uniformly distributed factored load of intensity
40kN/m inclusive of its own weight on an effective span of 4m. Verify the capacity of the section to take
care of shear in beam. Use M20 grade concrete and Fe 415 steel.
36. Design a beam 400 mm x 600 mm subjected to a bending moment of 160 kNm, twisting moment of 20
kNm and a shear force of 100 kN at collapse. Use M 20 concrete and Fe 415 grade steel. Assume
moderate exposure condition. Adopt limit state method.
37. An R.C. beam has the following data:
(i) Cross-section = 200mm x 400mm effective depth.
(ii) Compression reinforcement = 4bars of 16mm φ
(iii) Tension reinforcement = 4 bars of 20mm φ.
(iv) Materials Used = M20 grade concrete and Fe415 grade steel.
Find the Moment of resistance of the section.
38. Design a simply supported concrete beam to support a uniformly distributed factored load of intensity 35.5
kN/m (inclusive of all weights) on an effective span of 4.5 m. Use M 15 grade concrete and Fe 250 grade
steel.
39. A R.C.C. beam of cross-sectional dimensions 350mm x 625mm depth has 4 numbers of 28mm dia bars.
Design the shear reinforcement for a factored shear force of 350kN. Use M20 grade of concrete and Fe-415
grade of steel. Show the reinforcement details.
40. A rectangular beam of width 300mm and effective depth 550mm has a shear force of 410 KN at a section
near the support. The steel at the tension side of the section consists of 4 bars of 28mm diameter bars
 which are continued to the supports. Assume M20 concrete and Fe415 grade steel. Design vertical stirrups
for the section. Sketch the reinforcement details. Assume moderate exposure condition.
41. Design a rectangular beam at mid span having an effective span of 4m. The superimposed load on the beam
is 52KN/m and the beam is limited to 250 mm x 400mm overall dimensions. Use M20 concrete and Fe 415
grade steel. Sketch the reinforcement details. Assume moderate exposure condition.
42. Design a beam 400 X 600 mm subjected to a bending moment of 150 kNm, twisting moment of 20 kNm
and a shear force of 100 kN at collapse. Use M 20 mix and 415 grade steel. Draw longitudinal section and
cross section of the beam.
43. A rectangular beam 6 m in length has a factored uniformly distributed load of 40kN/m at a section near the
support. Assuming f CK = 25 N/mm2 and f Y = 415 N/mm2 design the beam for flexure and shear. Draw
longitudinal section and cross section of the beam.
44. A rectangular beam 230mm wide × 460mm effective depth is subjected to a moment of 45kNm. The
effective cover of compressive reinforcement is 40mm. Find out the reinforcing steel. The materials are
M20 grade concrete and HYSD reinforcement of grade Fe 415.
45. A rectangular beam for an effective span of 6m, which carries a superimposed load of 100kN/m. The
overall size of the beam is restricted to 350mm×650mm. Adopt M20 grade concrete and Fe415 grade steel.
Use limit state method.
46. A rectangular beam of size 230 mm × 600 mm overall depth is subjected to a factored sagging bending
moment of 48 kNm factored shear force of 48 kN and factored torsion moment of 18 kNm. Design the
reinforcement at the section using limit state method. The materials are M20 grade concrete and mild steel
reinforcement. Draw the cross section and the longitudinal section of the beam showing the reinforcement
details.
47. Design a rectangular beam of section 300 mm width and 500 mm effective depth subjected to ultimate
bending moment of 300 kN-m. Consider the concrete of grade M20 and steel of grade Fe415.
48. A reinforces concrete beam of section 300mm × 450mm effective depth is subjected to an ultimate twisting
moment of 10 Knm in addition to a factored bending moment of 45KNm and a factored shear force of
85KN. Design the reinforcement assuming M20 concrete and Fe415 grade steel. Assume moderate
exposure condition. Sketch the c/s of the beam showing reinforcement details.
49. A rectangular R.C beam of size 350mm wide and 450mm effective depth is reinforced with 4no’s 12mm
diameter bars. Find the safe concentrated load at center on an effective span of 4m, which the beam can
resist in addition to its self weight. The materials are M25 grade concrete and Fe 415 grade steel.
50. Design a simply supported concrete beam to support a uniformly distributed factored load of intensity 40
kN/m inclusive of its own weight on an effective span of 4 m. Use M20 grade concrete and Fe415 steel.
51. Design a simply supported concrete beam to support a uniformly distributed factored load of intensity 40
kN/m exclusive of its own weight and a point load of 10 kN at 1 m from left support on an effective span of
4 m. Use M20 grade concrete and Fe 415 steel.
52. Design a rectangular beam at mid span having effective span of 4 m. The superimposed load is 50 kN/m
and beam is limited to 230 mm width and 400 mm overall depth. Use M20 grade concrete and HYSD
reinforcement of grade 415.
53. Design a beam 400 mm x 600 mm subjected to a bending moment of 160 kNm, twisting moment of 20
kNm and a shear force of 100 kN at collapse. Use M 20 concrete and Fe 415 grade steel. Assume
moderate exposure condition. Adopt limit state method.
54. A rectangular beam is 6 m in length has a factored uniformly distribution load of 40 kN/m at a section near
the support. Assuming f CK = 25 N/mm2 and f Y = 415 N/mm2. Design the beam in flexure and shear for the
section and draw longitudinal section and cross section of the beam.
55. A rectangular beam of size 2300 mm 600 mm is subjected to a bending moment of 120 kNm, shear force of
25 kN and a twisting moment of 15 kNm. Design the section using limit state method. Use M 20 concrete
and Fe 415 steel. Assume moderate exposure condition.
56. Design the Flexural Reinforcement for the Rectangular concrete Beam of size 250 mm ×400mm simply
supported an two marmarry walls 230mm thick and 6m apart. The Beam has to carry in addition to its own
weight, a distributed live load of 10kN/m, dead load of 5 kN/m and a concentrated dead load of 30kN
placed at the mid span point. Assume that the Beam in subjected to moderate exposure conditions and grade
of steel Fe 415 used. Draw suitable scale longitudinal section and cross section of the Beam
57. A simply supported beam 250 mm × 500 mm effective depth in reinforced with 4 box of 22mm as tension
reinforcement. The beam is subjected to a show force of 150KN at support (at since state). If two bar of
22mm diameter are bent up at 450near the support, design the shear reinforcement using limit state method.
Assume m25 concrete and Fe415 grade steel. Sketch the reinforcement details.
58. Design a rectangular beam at mid span having clear span of 5m, simply supported. It is subjected to a dead
load of 20kN/m and live load of 25kN/m. Use M25 grade concrete and Fe 415 grade steel. Adopt limit state
method.
59. A beam 250mm x 500 mm in section is reinforced with 3 bars of 16 mm diameter at top and 5 bars of 20
mm diameter at the bottom, each at an effective cover of 40 mm. Determine the moment of resistance of the
beam section. Take the permissible stress in steel and concrete as 126 N/mm2 and 5.2 N/mm2 respectively
and m = 18.
60. Design simply supported beam with the following data:
Span of the beam 6.0 m
Beam size 230 X 400 mm
Concrete grade M 20
Grade of Steel Fe 415
Factored uniformly distributed load 30kN/m
Draw longitudinal section and cross section of the beam.
61. Design a simply supported rectangular beam to carry 30kN/m superimposed load over a span of 6m on
460mm wide supports. Use M20 grade concrete and Fe 415 grade steel. Check the design for all necessary
conditions. Use limit state method.
Draw to a suitable scale:
(a) Longitudinal section showing reinforcement details.
(b) The cross section of the beam at salient points, showing reinforcement details.

LIMIT STATE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAM SECTIONS

62. A doubly reinforced rectangular beam of size 230mm × 420mm effective depth requires 820mm2 area as
tension reinforcement and 220mm2 area as compressive steel. It is reinforced with 2 no’s 12mm diameter
bars in compression at an effective cover of 40mm and 3-20mm diameter bars in tension. Calculate the
development length of the bars. The materials are M20 grade concrete and mild steel reinforcement. Use
limit state method.
63. Design a doubly reinforced rectangular beam simply supported at its ends to carry a service load of
21kN/m. Over a clear span of 6.2 m. The overall size of the beam is 300 mm x 600 mm respectively? Use
M20 grade concrete and fe 415 steel? Neatly draw the structual details?
64. A doubly reinforced rectangular beam is 300mm and the effective depth of the beam is 540mm and the
effective covers to both tension and compression reinforcement from the outer surfaces is 60mm. The
tension reinforcement consists of 4 box of 22mm diameter and compression reinforcement consists of 4
bars 12mm diameter. Assume M25 concrete and Fe 415 grade steel. Determine the moment of resistance
of the doubly reinforced section using limit state method.
65. A doubly reinforced concrete beam is 250 mm wide and 500 mm deep from the compression edge to the
centre of tensile steel. The area of compression and tensile steels are both 1300 mm2 each. The centre of
compression steel is 50 mm from the compression edge. If the beam is subjected to a total bending moment
of 70 kN-m, determine the stresses in concrete, and tension &compression steels. Use M20 and Fe 415.
66. A doubly reinforced rectangular beam is 300 mm inside and the effective depth of the beam section is 600
mm and the effective cover to both tension and compression reinforcement from outer surfaces is 50 mm.
The tension reinforcement consists of 4 bars of 16 mm dia. Assume M 25 concrete and HYSD bars of Fe
415 grade. Determine the moment of resistance of the section using limit state method.
67. Design a doubly reinforced section for a rectangular Beam at mid span having an effective span of 4m. The
superimposed load is 40 kN/m and size of the Beam is limited to 250mm x 400mm overall. Adopt M20
grade concrete and Fe 415 grade steel. Draw to a suitable scale.
(a) Longitudinal section showing reinforcement details.
(b) Cross section of the Beam showing reinforcement details.
68. A doubly reinforced rectangular beam is 350 mm wide and the effective depth of beam section is 550 mm
and the effective cover to both tension and compression reinforcement from the outer surfaces is 50 mm.
 The tension reinforcement consists of 4 box of 20 mm diameter and compression reinforcement consists of
4 box of 12 mm diameter. Assume M20 concrete and Fe 415 grade steel. Determine the moment of
resistance of the doubly reinforced section using limit state method.
69. Design a doubly reinforced beam for the following data:
(i) Span = 5.5m, Simply supported
(ii) Load = 135 kN/m 375mm (UDL)
(iii)Cross-section = 240mm deep overall.
(iv) Materials used = fck = 20N/mm2 and
fy = 415 N/mm2
 LIMIT STATE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF T- BEAM SECTIONS
70. Determine the area of steel in a T-beam with the following dimensions for a moment of resistance of
460kNm. Depth of slab=120mm, breadth of flange 900mm, breadth of web 300mm, total depth 530mm.
Assume M25 grade concrete and Fe 415 grade steel. Use limit state method.
71. A singles reinforced slab 120 mm thick is supported by T-beam spaced 3m centre to centre. The effective
depth and width of web are 580 mm and 450 mm respectively 8 mild steel low of 20 mm diameter have
been provided in tension in two layers. The effective cover is 50 mm. The effective span is 3.6 m.
Determine the neutral axis and monest of resistance of the section.
72. Determine the ultimate moment of resistance of a T-beam section having flange width and depth of 1200
mm and 110 mm respectively. The effective depth of the beam is 500 mm with a web width of 250 mm. It
is reinforced with 6 no.s of 25 mm dia tension bars. Use M 20 grade concrete and Fe 250 grade steel.
73. Determine the maximum permissible live load on a T-beam of 800mm overall depth, 230mm thick web,
2.4m wide effective flange of 100mm thickness, and reinforced with five bars of 20mm diameter. Assume
an effective span of 12m. Use M20 grade concrete and Fe 415 grade steel.
2
74. A-Team cum slab construction has 150mm thick slab subjected to a live load of 4kN/m . The beam of clear
span 10m are spaced 3m c/c. The end walls are 450mm thick. Design one of the intermediate T-beam using
M-20 grade concrete and Fe-415 grade HYSD bars. Draw to a suitable scale the details of reinforcement.
75. Design a simply supported T-beam of span 8m and spaced at 3m centre to centre. The thickness of slab is
120mm and total load including self weight of beam is 28kN/m. The materials are M20 grade of concrete
and Fe415 grade of steel. Design the beam for flexure and shear using curtailment rules. Also draw the
following to a scale:
a) Longitudinal section of the beam showing reinforcement details.
b) The cross-section of the beam at mid-span showing the reinforcement details.
76. Using limit state method design a T-beam of 12.6m span of a live load of 4.0KPa over its 3.5m wide flange.
The flange is 100mm thick excluding 50mm thick finishing and flooring. Design the beam for flexure and
shear assuming the material to be used as M20 concrete and Fe415 steel.
Also, Draw the following to a scale:
a) Longitudinal section of the beam showing reinforcement details.
b) The cross-section of the beam at mid-span showing the reinforcement details.
77. Find the ultimate moment of resistance of a T-section. The materials are M20 grade concrete and HYSD
reinforcement of grade 415. Breadth of flange is 1350 mm, depth of slab is 100 mm and breadth of rib is
300 mm. Tension reinforcement consist of 5 bars of 20 mm diameter bars. Assume moderate exposure
condition.
78. The floor of a hall is 9m × 12m to the centre of supports. Design one intermediate T-beam for flexure and
shear using the following data centre to centre spacing of T-beam ribs =3m
Thickeness of floor slab = 120mm.
Live load on the floor = 3KN/m2
Load due to floor finishing = 1.5KN/m2.
Use M20 concrete and Fe415 steel. Use Limit state method. Assume moderate exposure condition.
Draw to scale.
a) Longitudinal section of the beam showing reinforcement details.
b) The cross section of the beam at mid-span showing the reinforcement details.
79. Find the ultimate moment of resistance of a T-section. The materials are M20 grade concrete and HYSD
reinforcement of grade 415. Breadth of flange of 1200 mm and depth of slab 100 mm. The breadth of rib
is 300 mm and effective depth is 450 mm. It is reinforced with tension reinforcement of 6 bars of 25 mm
diameter bars. Assume moderate exposure condition.
80. A T-beam has the following data:
Thickness of Flange = 100mm
Effective depth = 600mm
Bending moment = 200kN.m
Effective Flange width = 1200mm
Thickness of rib = 300mm
 If M20 grade concrete and Fe 415 grade steel is used as material, find the moment of resistance by
working stress method.
81. A T beam and slab system of a building are made of beams spaced at 3m with clear span of 8m between
masonry walls of 300mm thick. For the T-beam depth of flange = 120mm, breadth of rib=300mm and
overall depth of beam= 600mm. Assume M20 concrete and Fe415 grade steel. Design the shear
reinforcement. Assume that two bars of 28 mm as tension steel and are continued to support and live load
as 7.5K N/m2. Assume moderate exposure condition.
82. A T- beam floor is required to cover an assembly hall of 10mx15m. Design one intermediate T-beam for
flexure and shear using the following data.
Centre to centre spacing of T-beams = 2.8 m
Thickness of floor slab = 120 mm
Line load on the floor = 3.3 KN/m2
Load due to floor finish = 1.2 kN/m2+
Use M20 concrete and HYSD bars of Fe 415 grade. Adopt limit state method. Assume moderate
exposure condition.
Draw to scale:
a) Longitudinal section of the beam showing reinforcement details.
b) The cross section of the beam at mid span showing the reinforcement details.
83. Design an inverted T-beam roof for a hall of 6m wide and 15m to support a dead load of 3kN/sq.m and a
live load of 4kN/sq.m. Use M20 grade concrete and Fe 415 grade steel. Use limit state method. Draw to a
scale:
(a) Longitudinal section showing reinforcement details.
(b) The cross section of the beam showing reinforcement details.
84. Design an intermediate T-beam for an office building with 150mm thick slab monolithic with 230mm wide
beams spaced at 3.65m center to center. The effective span of the T-beam is 10m. Use M25 grade concrete
and Fe 415 grade steel. Also design the beam for shear using bent up bars. Use limit state method.
Draw to a suitable scale:
(a) Longitudinal section of the beam showing the reinforcement details.
(b) The cross-section of the beam at mid span showing the reinforcement details.
85. A hall of internal dimensions 5m × 15m has beams spaced at 3 m c and a slab of 120mm thick. The
c
beams are supported by walls around 300mm thick. Design the T-beam completely including shear
reinforcement. Draw following to a suitable scale.
a) The longitudinal section of the beam.
b) The cross section at center and also at support showing details of reinforcement.

LIMIT STATE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF L- BEAM SECTIONS

86. An L-beam has the flange width of 900mm, with the thickness of slab 100mm. The web below the slab is
250mm × 500mm. Determine the reinforcement required to carry a limiting moment of 500kNm. Assume
M20 grade concrete and Fe 415 grade steel. Use limit state method.

87. The floor of a hall is 9 m x 12 m to the centre of supports. Beams are spaced at 3 m centre to centre. The
thickness of the floor slab is 120 mm. Live load on the floor is 4.5 kN/m2 and load due to floor finish and
plaster being 1.5 kN/m2. Design one intermediate beam for flange and shear. Assume moderate exposure
condition. Use M 25 concrete and Fe 415 grade steel. Use limit state method. Draw to scale (a)
Longitudinal section of the beam showing reinforcement details. (b) The cross section of the beam at mid
span showing reinforcement details.
UNIT –IV: LIMIT STATE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SECTION
FOR SHEAR, TORSION &BOND
• Limit State Analysis and Design of Section…….. for Shear and Torsion,
• Concept of ‘Bond’, anchorage and development length, I.S. Code provisions
• Design Examples in simply Supported and Continuous Beams, Detailing

1. Explain the terms (i) Bond and anchorage (ii) Development length.
2. Write short notes about the following: Concepts of bond, anchorage and Development length.
3. Explain bends, hooks and mechanical anchorages provided deal for anchorage as per IS code.
4. Explain how bending shear stresses produce tension cracks in concrete.
5. Sketch the pattern of cracking in a beam under torsional moment.
6. What is meant by ‘anchorage’ of steel bars in reinforced concrete? Construction?
7. What are the IS code provisions for providing anchorage of shear reinforcement?
8. Show how the expression for average shear on the section can be taken as a measure of diagonal tension in
the design of shear in beams.
9. Explain the development length and its code provisions?
10. Determine the shear stress in a 250 X 500 mm rectangular section if the shear force is 20 kN and torsional
moment is 10 kN.m at service loads. Asume M 20 mix and 0.75% tension reinforcement at an effective
coverof 50 mm.
11. Calculate the stresses produced in a rectangular beam 350 X 800 mm due to torsion of 30 kNm. What is the
nature of these stresses and what type of reinforcements should be provided to resist these stresses?
12. Determine the shear stress in a 250 X 500 mm rectangular section if the shear force is 20 kN and torsional
moment is 10 kN.m at service loads. Asume M 20 mix and 0.75% tension reinforcement at an effective
cover of 50 mm.
13. Determine the maximum shear force for which no shear reinforcement need be provided for a simply
supported beam of rectangular section 230 x 300 mm with 3 nos. of 16 mm as tension reinforcement.
Take f CK = 20 N/mm2 and f Y = 415 N/mm2.
14. A reinforced concrete simply supported beam is 300 X 500 mm in section. It has an effective span of 6 m
and cover to centre of the main steel is 50mm. Design the beam if the total uniformly distributed
characteristic load is 50 kN/m. Also design the flexure and shear reinforcement using M 25 mix and Fe 415
steel. Draw longitudinal section and cross section of the beam
15. Design a beam section 350 mm × 550 mm effective depth subjected to a bending moment of 140 KN m ,
twisting moment of 20KNm and a shear force of 100 KN at collapse. Assume M20 concrete and Fe 415
grade steel. Assume moderate exposure condition. Sketch the c/s of the section showing the reinforcement
details.
16. Design the reinforcement of a beam 450 mm wide 650mm deep subjected to a bending moment of 120 kN-
m’ twisting moment of 15 kN-m and a shear force of 120 kN- at ultimate. Use M20 grade concrete and Fe
145 steel.
17. Design the Flexural Reinforcement for the Rectangular concrete Beam of size 250mm×400mm simply
supported an two marmarry walls 230mm thick and 6m apart. The Beam has to carry in addition to its own
weight, a distributed live load of 10kN/m, dead load of 5 kN/m and a concentrated dead load of 30kN
placed at the mid span point. Assume that the Beam in subjected to moderate exposure conditions and grade
of steel Fe 415 used. Draw suitable scale longitudinal section and cross section of the Beam
18. A beam 300 × 1000mm effective has a span of 7m. Total load on the beam is 50kN/m. Tensile steel is 6
no’s-25mm diameter bars. If M20 grade concrete and Fe 415 grade steel are used, Design shear
reinforcement. Use limit state method.
19. A rectangular beam section of 300 mm width and 500 mm effective depth is reinforced with 6 bars of 20
mm dia. Out of which 3 bars have been bent at 45o. Determine the shear resistance of the bent up bars and
additional shear reinforcement required if it is subjected to ultimate shear force of 400 KN. Consider
concrete of grade M20 and steel of grade Fe 415.
20. A rectangular beam of size 250mm X 600mm overall depth is subjected to a factored sagging bending
moment of 48kN.m; factored shear force of 48kN and a factored torsional moment of 18kN.m. Design the
reinforcement at the section. The materials are M20 grade concrete and Mild steel reinforcement.
21. A rectangular beam of size 230mm x 600mm overall depth is subjected to a bending moment of 135 kNm,
shear force of 25 kN and a twisting moment of 20 kNm. Design the section using limit state method. Use
M 20 concrete and Fe 415 grade steel. Assume moderate exposure condition.
22. A reinforced concrete beam of section 280mm x 400mm effective depth is subjected to an ultimate twisting
moment of 8KNm in addition to a factored bending moment of 37KNm and a factored shear force of 75KN.
Design the reinforcement assuming M20 concrete and Fe415 grade steel. Assume moderate exposure
condition. Sketch the reinforcement details in the cross section.
23. A rectangular beam of width 350mm and effective depth 600mm has a shear force of 450KN at a section
near the support. The steel at the tension side of the section consists of five 28mm diameter bars which are
continued to supports. Assume M25 concrete and Fe 415 grade steel. Design vertical stirrups for the
section. Sketch the reinforcement details. Assume moderate exposure condition.
24. A reinforced concrete beam section of size 350mm X 400mm effective is subjected to a factored torsion of
6 kNm in addition to a factored moment of 45 kNm and a factored shear force of 80 KN. Design the
torsion reinforcement using M20 grade concrete and Fe415 grade steel.
25. Design a rectangular R.C. beam to take up factored moment of120kNm, factored torque of 70 kNm and
factored shear of 60kN. Use M20 grade concrete and Fe 415 grade steel for main reinforcement and Fe250
grade steel for stirrup reinforcement.
26. A rectangular beam is 300 X 500 mm effective depth is reinforced with 0.5% tension steel at a given
section. It is subjected to a shear force of 30 kN and torsion of 10 kN.m. Check whether the beam needs
torsional reinforcement. Take M 20 concrete and Fe 415 steel.
27. Design a beam section 400mm × 600mm effective depth subjected to a branding moment of 160 KNm,
twisting moment of 25KNm and a shear force of 120 KN at collapse. Use M20 concrete and Fe415 grade
steel. Assume moderate exposure condition. Sketch the c/s of the beam showing reinforcement details.
28. Design the reinforcement required for a rectangular beam section with the following data:
Size of the beam 300 X 550 mm
Concrete grade M 20
Characteristic strength of steel 415 N/mm2
Factored shear force 90 kN
Factored torsional moment 50 kN.m
Factored bending moment 110 kN.m
Assuming 25 mm dia bars with 25 mm cover
Draw longitudinal section and cross section of the beam.
29. A reinforced concrete simply supported beam is of rectangular section 230 x 350mm with 3 nos. of 16 mm
as tension steel continued to the ends. Assume f CK =25 N/mm2, f Y = 415 N/mm2. Determine the size and
spacing of the nominal stirrups that have to be provided.
30. A simply supported rectangular beam of 8m span is carrying a live load of 40kN/m. The section of the
beam is 230 × 460mm effective depth. It is reinforced with 6no’s 25mm diameter bars. Design the beam
for shear using
(a) Vertical stirrups and
(b) 2no’s 25mm diameter bars are bent up at 120mm from the face of the support.
Use M20 grade concrete and Fe415 grade steel. Use limit state method.
31. Design an end L-beam for an office building with slab thickness of 150mm monolithic with 230mm wide
beams. The spacing of the beams are at 3.65m centre to centre. The effective span of the beam is 10m. Also
design the beam for shear. Use M25 grade concrete and Fe 415 grade steel. Use limit state method. Draw
the following to a suitable scale:
(a) Longitudinal section of the beam showing reinforcement details.
(b) The cross section of the beam at mid span showing the reinforcement details.
 UNIT – V: LIMIT STATE DESIGN OF COLUMNS
SHORT AND LONG COLUMNS–UNDER AXIAL LOADS, UNIAXIAL BENDING AND BIAXIAL BENDING
1. Discuss various assumption used in the limits state method of design of compression members.
2. Differentiate between long column and short column. Explain the type of failure of both the columns.
3. Write short notes about the following: Uniaxial and biaxial bending concepts of columns.
4. What is the maximum length allowed by is for RC columnns? Give reasons in detail for the specifications?
5. Describe column action under compressive load. Differentiate the performance of long column and short
column.
6. What is effective length of a column? How the behavior is affected by effective length.
7. Why is it necessary to provide lateral ties in a column?
8. What is the primary advantage of a spiral column over a tied column?
9. What is the function of ties?
10. What do points on an interaction curve represent?
11. What is the difference between a braced column and unbraced column?
12. Describe the performance of columns subjected to uniaxial and biaxial bending.
13. How does bracing effect the behavior of slender columns? Explain how bracing can be provided for
columns in Multistoried buildings.
14. Describe various types of reinforcements in a column and explain their specific functions.
15. Explain the functions of transverse reinforcement on reinforced concreter columns? What are IS 456
stipulations for the placement of transverse reinforcement?
16. Indicate how the interaction diagram for columns under continued axial load and bending can be drawn.
What are the advantages in representing it in a non-dimensional form?
17. What is the minimum percentage of steel allowed in a R C column? Explain why it is necessary to specify
the minimum percentage
18. A R.C. column rectangular in section 230mm wide and 300mm deep is reinforced with 4 bars of 20mm one
at each corner with an effective cover of 50mm. It is subjected to an ultimate axial load of 340 KN, ultimate
bending Moment of Mux=30KN-M about X axis is bisecting the depth and ultimate moment of Muy=18KN-
M about Y axis bisecting the width. Use M20 grade concrete and Fe 415 grade steel. Check the safety of the
column.
19. Calculate the ultimate strength in axial compression of a column 400mm in diameter and reinforced with 8
No’s 20mm of grate Fe 415 when the column is helically reinforced by 8mm φ bars at 55mm pitch. Use
M20 grade concrete.
20. Design an axially loaded tied column 400mm x 400mm pinned at both ends with an unsupported length of
3m for carrying a factored load of 2300kN. Use M20 and Fe 415 steel.
21. Design a rectangular column (300 x 400mm) subjected to a design ultimate load of1200kN and an ultimate
moment of 200kN-m with respect to the major axis. Use M-20 grade of concrete and Fe-415 grade HYSD
bars. Sketch the reinforcement details.
22. Design an axially loaded tied column 400mm x 400mm pinned at both ends with an unsupported length of
3m for carrying a factored load of 2300KN use M20 grade concrete and Fe 415 steel.
23. A column 350 x 350 mm has an unsupported length of 8m and equivalent length of 5m both the axes. It is
loaded with characteristic loads P = 500KN, Mxx (top) = 40KN-m Mxx (bottom) = -25KN-m. Assuming the
column is bent in double curvature design the longitudinal steel. Use M 30 and Fe 415.
24. Design a reinforced concrete column for an axial load of 3000kN. Use M20 grade concrete and Fe415 grade
steel. Take effective height of the column as 5m.
25. Design the reinforcement for a R.C.column 250mm x 400mm in cross section for the following data.
Pu=1000KN; L=6M, lex = 4.m; leu =4.0 m; M20 and Fe 415. Mux=30KN-M at top and Mux=20KN-m at
bottom; Muy=10KN-m at top and bottom, which is braced and bends into single curvature effective cover
d1=50mm.
26. A column of unsupported length 4.6m is subjected to an axial load of 750 kN. Assume both ends ad hinges.
Design a rectangular column if one of its dimensions is 230 mm. Use M 20 concrete and Fe 415 grade steel.
Assume moderate exposure condition.
27. A column of unsupported length 4.5m is subjected to an axial load of 900kN. Assume both ends as hinged.
Design a rectangular column if one of the dimensions is restricted to 230mm. Use M20 concrete and Fe 415
grade steel. Assume moderate exposure condition.
28. A column 350 x 350mm has an unsupported length of 8m and equivalent length of 5m both the axes. It is
loaded with characteristic loads P=500KN, Mxx(top)=40KN-m Mxx (bottom)=-25KN-M. Assuming the
column is bent in double curvature design the longitudinal steel. Use M30 & Fe415.
29. A column of unsupported length 4.5 m is subjected to an axial load of 800 kN. Assume both ends are
hinged. Design a rectangular column if one of the dimensions is restricted to 230 mm. Use M20 concrete
and Fe 415 grade steel. Assume moderate exposure condition.
30. Design a circular column to carry an axial working load of 1200 kN. Assume emin<0.05 D. Use helical
reinforcement. The materials are M 20 grade concrete and Fe 415 grade steel. For the lateral reinforcement
mild steel may be used.
31. A short circular column 6 m long is to carry a characteristic load of 270 kN. Assuming both the ends of the
column are fully restrained, design the column if the column is to be made as a spirally reinforced column.
Use M 20 concrete and Fe 415 grade steel. Assume moderate exposure condition. Show the reinforcement
details (Not to scale).
32. An R.C.C. column with effective height of 6m and size 230mm × 450mm is subjected to an axial load of
800 kN. Design the column section. The materials are M25 grade concrete and Fe415 grade steel. Use limit
state method.
33. Design an uniaxially loaded rectangular short column section. Consider concrete of grade M25 and steel of
grade Fe 415. One dimension of the column shall be 300 mm. Sketch the reinforcement details (Not to
scale).
34. Determine the safe load carrying capacity of a column of section 750mmX350mm and reinforced with 12
bars of 20mm diameter. Design suitable transverse ties for the column. Assume M20 concrete and Fe 415
steel.
35. A rectangular column of an effective height of 4m is subjected to an axial load of 800kN and bending
moment of 100kNm about the major axis of the column. Design a suitable section for the column so that the
width should not exceed 400mm. Assume M25 grade concrete and Fe 415 grade steel. Use limit state
method and design charts of sp-16.
36. A column of unsupported length 4 m is subjected to an axial load of 800 kN. Assume both ends are hinged.
Design a rectangular column if one of the dimensions is restricted to 230 mm. Use M20 concrete and Fe
415 grade steel. Assume moderate exposure condition.
37. Design a circular short column to carry an axial load of 1800kN. Using
(a) Lateral ties and
(b) Helical reinforcement.
Use M30 grade concrete and Fe 415 grade steel. Use limit state method.
38. Design a column with the size of 400mm × 500mm, Pu=2000kN, Mux=100kNm and MuY=60kNm. Adopt
M30 grade concrete and Fe415 grade steel. Use limit state method.
Draw to scale: (a) longitudinal section of the slab showing the reinforcement details. (b) The cross section
at mid span showing the reinforcement details.
39. The car porch of a building is shown in fig, the beam and the slab being cast monolithic. The live load on
the beam due to U.D.L. on the slab is 2 kN/m. Determine the torsion and shear due to live load for which
the beam should be designed.

BRACED COLUMNS
40. Design an axially loaded braced column of rectangular section for the following data
Ultimate axial load = Pu = 3000 kN
 Unsupported length L = 3.25 m
Effective length in long direction Lex = 3.00 m
Effective length in short direction Ley = 2.75 m
Grade of concrete = M20
Grade of steel = Fe 415
41. Design draw a biaxially loaded braced column section of 400 mm x 550 mm subjected to a factred load of
1800 kN and factored moments of 120 and 60 kN.n about major axis and minor axis top and 200 kN.m and
120 kN.m at the bottom. The unsupported length of the column is C.Om. The effective lengths about major
and minor axis are 6m and 5.75m. Use M 25 grade concrete and fe 415 steel.
42. Design braced reinforced column of rectangular section has to carry 3500KN. The unsupported length is
3.5m with effective lengths of 3.0 and 2.75 m in the directions of long and short dimensions of the section
respectively. Use M 25 grade concrete and Fe 415 grade steel.
43. Design longitudinal reinforcement for braced state coluns of 500 x 400 mm in section for a factored load of
2000kN. The factored moments at the top are M = 150kN/m and M = 100kN.m and the moments at the
xx yy
2 2
bottom are M = 250 kN.m. And M = 110 kN.m. f = 5N/mm . f = 415 N/mm .
xx yy ck y
UN-BRACED COLUMNS
 UNIT –VI: LIMIT STATE DESIGN OF FOOTINGS
DIFFERENT TYPES OF FOOTINGS
DESIGN OF ISOLATED FOOTING
1. Explain with neat diagrams classification and types of footings.
2. What are the necessary conditions to select a particular type of footing?
3. Explain importance of safe bearing capacity of soil.
4. Explain a) pressure distribution beneath footings.
b) Bearing capacity of soil and its significance.
5. Design an isolated sloped rectangular footing for a column 450mm X 300mm carrying a service load of
1200 kN using M20 concrete and Fe415 steel.
6. Design a plain concrete footing for a column 300mm × 30mm carrying an axial load of 330 kN. Assume
an allowable soil bearing pressure of 360 kN/m2 at a depth of 1.0m below ground. AssumeM20 concrete
and Fe 415 steel.
Draw to scale showing
(a) Plan of the footing
(b) Nominal Reinforcement in sectional elevation
7. A RCC short column carries a service load of 1250 kN. Using M20 concrete and Fe415 steel design a
circular column with helical reinforcement using limit state method. Design a suitable footing for the
column. Draw to scale. (a) plan of the footing showing reinforcement details. (b) Sectional elevation of
the column and footing showing the reinforcement details.
8. Design a isolated footing for a rectangular column 300 x 450mm carrying an axial load of 1000 kN. The
net bearing capacity of the soil is 120kN/m2. Use M20 grade concrete and Fe 415 grade steel. Draw to
scale the reinforcement details. (a) Plan of the footing (b) Sectional elevation of the footing.
9. Design an Isolated footing for a column 300mm x 500 mm reinforced with 6-25mm dia bars with Fe
415 steel and M25 concrete subjected to a factored axial load of 1000 kN and a factored uniaxial
moment of 120 kNM (with respect to the major axis) at the column base. Assume that the moment is
reversible. The safe bearing capacity may be taken as 200kN/mm2 at a depth of 1.25m. Assume M20
concrete and Fe 415 steel for the footing.
Draw to scale
(a) Plan of the footing
(b) Sectional elevation showing reinforcement detials.
10. Design a short reinforced concrete column of circular section with helical reinforcement to carry an
axial load of 1000kN. Design also an independent footing for the column. The safe bearing pressure is
160 kN/m2. Use M20 grade and fe415.Draw to a convenient scale the section of the column with the
footing. The section may be taken along a diameter of the column. The reinforcement may be shown
in the footing and in the column for a height of 1m.
11. A reinforced concrete column has to carry a service load of 1500kN. Using limit state method, design a
short column. Also design a square footing of uniform thickness for the column. The safe bearing
capacity of the soil is 200 kN/m2. Use M20 concrete and Fe415 steel.
Draw to Scale:
a) Plan of the footing showing the reinforcement details.
b) Sectional elevation of the column and footing showing the reinforcement details.
12. A short circular column 5m height is to carry a characteristics load of 350 KN. Assuming both the ends
of column are fully restrained, design the column if the column is to be made as a spirally reinforced
column. Use M25 concrete and Fe 415 grade steel. Also design suitable footing. Assume moderate
expose condition. Adopt limit state method. Draw to scale (i) Sectional plan (ii) Longitudinal section.
13. Design an usually loaded short rectangular column subjected to service load of 860 KN. The effective
length of the column is 3m. Use M20 concrete and Fe 415 grade steel. Design suitable footing.
Assume sense exposure condition to the column and very sense exposure condition to the footing.
Assume SBC of soil = 180KN/m2. Adopt limit state method for the design of column and working
stress method for the design of footing. Draw the following to a scale showing the reinforcement
details.
14. Design a short circular column to carry a since load of 1000KN with helical reinforcement using limit
state methods. Design a suitable footing for the column. Use M25 concrete and Fe415 grade steel.
Assume sense exposure condition for the column and ‘very sense’ exposure condition for the footing.
Assume SBC of soil = 150KN/m2.
Draw the following to a scale showing the reinforcement details.
a) Plan of the footing
b) Sectional elevation of the column and footing
c) Cross section of the column.
15. Design an axially loaded short rectangular column subjected to a service load of 920 KN. One
dimension of the column is restricted to 250mm due to architectural considerations. The effective
length of the column is 3.3m. Use M25 concrete and effective Fe 415 grade steel. Design a suitable
footing. Adopt limit state method for the design of column and working stress method for the design of
footing.
Draw the following to scale showing the reinforcement details.
a) Plan of the footing.
b) Sectional elevation of the column and footing.
c) Cross section of the column.
16. Design a rectangular footing for a column of 450 mm x 600 mm to transfer a dead load of 800 kN and
2
live load of 1000 kN. The safe bearing capacity of the soil is 150 N/m . Use M 20 grade concrete and fe
415 steel.
17. Design a short circular column to carry a load of 1200kN. The materials are M20 grade concrete and
Fe415 grade of steel. Draw a sketch showing the reinforcement details. (Take SBC of soil 180kN/m2).
(a) Plan of the footing (b) Sectional elevation of the column and footing (c) Cross section of the column
18. A short column carries a service load of 1200 kN. Using M20 concrete and Fe415 steel design a
circular column with helical reinforcement using limit state method. Design a suitable footing for the
column. Draw to scale: (a) Plan of the footing showing reinforcement details. (b) Sectional elevation
of the column and footing showing the reinforcement details.
19. Design a short circular column to carry service load of 1400KN with helical reinforcement using limit
state method. Design a suitable footing for the column. Assume M25 concrete and Fe415grade steel.
Assume sense exposure condition for the column and very sense. Exposure condition for the footing.
Assume SBC of soil=200KN/m2. Draw the following to a scale showing the reinforcement details.
a) Plan of the footing
b) Sectional elevation of the column and footing
c) Cross section of the column.
20. Design a rectangular isolated sloped footing for a column of size 250mm X 750mm carrying an axial
load of 1800kN and reinforced with 8 number 25mm diameter bars. The safe bearing capacity of soil is
200kN/m2. The materials are of M20 grade concrete and Fe415 grade steel.
a) Plan of the column and Footing showing the reinforcement details.
b) Sectional elevation of the column and Footing showing the reinforcement details.
21. Design a footing for rectangular column 300mm X 450mm carrying an axial service load of 1000kN.
The net safe bearing capacity of the soil is 120kN/m2. Use M20 grade concrete and Fe 415 grade steel.
Use limit state Method.
Draw to scale:
a) Plan of the footing showing reinforcement details.
b) Sectional elevation of the column and footing showing the reinforcement details.
22. Design an isolated sloped footing for 450 mm x 300 mm column to transit a load of 1000 kN and a
moment of 20 kNm. Use M 20 concrete and TOR 40 steel. Assume clear cover to reinforcement of
footing as 60 mm. Draw to scale
(a) Sectional plan (b) Sectional elevation.

DESIGN OF SQUARE FOOTING

23. A RCC column of size 350 × 350 mm carrying a characteristic load of 800 kN. The safe bearing
capacity of the soil is 200 kN/m2. Design an isolated square sloped footing. The materials are M20
 grade concrete and HYSD reinforcement of grade Fe 415 for both the column and footing. Draw the
details of the reinforcement showing the plan and section of the details.
24. Design a square footing for a 230 mm x 230 mm column to carry a live load of 800 kN and dead load of
2
800kN. The safe bearing capacity of soul is 140kN/m . Use M 20 grade concrete and fe 415 steel. Draw
the structural details.
25. A reinforced column of 460x460mm transfers a load of 1500 kN. The safe beams capacity of soil is 100
2
kN/m . Design a square footing using M 20 grade concrete and for 415 steel. Draw structural details.
26. A square column of 400mm size is carrying a live load of 260 kN and dead load of 340 kN including
self weight. The allowable net bearing capacity of the soil is 100kN/m2 and allowable width of the
footing is 2m. Design an isolated footing with M20 concrete and Fe 415 grade of steel.
Draw to scale:
(a) Plan showing the reinforcement details
(b) Sectional elevation of the footing.
27. A square column 450mm X 450mm carries an axial load of 1200 kN. Design the column and a square
footing for the column. The safe bearing capacity of the soil is 195 kN/m2. Use M20 grade of concrete
and Fe415 grade of steel. Design by limit state method and also draw the following to a scale:
a) Plan of the column and footing showing the reinforcement details.
b) Sectional elevation of the column and footing showing the reinforcement details.
28. A square column 500m m X 500mm carries an axial load of 1350kN. Design the column and a square
footing for the column. The safe bearing capacity of the soil is 200kN/m2. Use M20 grade of concrete
and Fe 415 grade of steel. Design by limit state method and also draw the following to a scale.
a) Plan of the Column and footing showing the reinforcement details.
b) Sectional elevation of the column and footing showing the reinforcement details.
29. Design an isolated square footing for a column size of 300mm × 300mm carrying an axial load of
700kN. Safe bearing capacity of the soil is 100kN/m2. Use M20 grade concrete and Fe 415 grade steel.
Use limit state method.
Draw to scale:
(a) Plan of the footing showing the reinforcement details.
(b) Sectional elevation of the footing.
DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR FOOTING
30. Design an isolated rectangular footing for column dimension of 230mm × 550mm carrying an axial
compressive load of 1200 kN. Assume the safe bearing capacity of the soil as 120 kN/m2. Use M25
grade of concrete and Fe 415 grade of steel. Use limit state method.
Draw the following to a suitable scale.
a) Longitudinal section of the beam showing reinforcement details.
b) The cross section of the beam at mid span showing the reinforcement details.
31. Design an isolated sloped footing for a column 450 mm × 300 mm carrying a service load of 1200 kN
and moment of 20 kNm. Using M20 concrete and Fe415 steel. Draw to scale: (a) Plan of the footing
showing reinforcement details. (b) Sectional elevation of the column and footing showing the
reinforcement details.
DESIGN OF CIRCULAR FOOTING
32. A RCC short circular column 5 m height carries a service load of 400 kN. Assuming both ends of the
column are fully restrained. Use M25 concrete and Fe415 steel. Design column with helical
reinforcement using limit state method. Design a suitable footing for the column. Draw to scale: (a)
Plan of the footing showing reinforcement details. (b) Sectional elevation of the column and footing
showing the reinforcement details.
33. Design a circular footing for a circular column 300mm in dia carrying an ultimate load of 750kN, of the
2
safe bearing capacity of soil is 200 kN/m . Use M-20 grade of concrete and Fe-415 grade HYSD bars.
Draw to a suitable scale the plan and elevation showing the details of reinforcement.
34. Design a circular footing for a column of 400 mm diameter to transfer a dead load of 600 kN and live
2
load of 800KN. The safe bearing capacity of the soil is 160 kN/m . Use M 25 grade concrete and fe 415
steel. Draw the structural details?
 35. A short column carries a service load of 1200kN. Taking M20 concrete and Fe415 steel. Design a
circular column with helical reinforcement using limit state method. Design a suitable footing for the
column.
36. An Isolated circular footing is carrying a load of 1000kN transmitted by the column. The column is
450mm in diameter. The safe bearing capacity of the soil is 180kN/m2. Adopt M20 grade Concrete and
Fe 415 grade steel.
37. Design an isolated circular footing for a square column of 500mm diameter is transmitting a load of 900
kN to a soil having an allowable bearing capacity of 90kN/m2. Use M20 concrete and Fe 415 grade
steel. Draw to scale showing reinforcement details
(a) Plan of the footing
(b) Sectional elevation of the footing.
38. Design a circular footing for the following data.
(i) Load transmitted from the column to footing = 1200kN.
(ii) The diameter of the column = 500mm
(iii) S.B.C of soil = 200kN/m2
(iv) Materials used = M20 grade concrete and Fe415 grade steel.
Use limit state method. Also draw the following to a scale:
a) Plan of the footing showing reinforcement details.
b) Sectional elevation of the column and the footing showing the reinforcement details.
44. A circular column 450mm diameter transfers an axial load of 1000kN. The column is having 8no’s 12mm
diameter bars. The safe bearing capacity of the soil is 120kN/m2. Use M20 grade concrete and Fe 415 grade
steel. Design a circular footing to support the circular column. Use limit state method.
Draw to a suitable scale:
(a) Plan showing the reinforcement details.
(b) Cross sectional evaluation of the footing with full details.
 UNIT – VII: LIMIT STATE DESIGN OF SLABS
DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
1. Differentiate between one was slabs and two way slabs in terms of their structural behaviour? How the
reinforcement is provided?
2. Explain the reinforcement in edge strips and for torsion in two way slabs as per codal provisions with
neat sketches?
3. Design a one way slab, with clear span of 6 m simply supported on 230 mm thick brick walls and
subjected to a live load of 3.0 kN/m2 and surface finish load of 1.0 kN/m2. Use M20 concrete and Fe
415 steel.
4. Design a one way slab of 4 m span continuous over beam supports of width 230 mm to carry a live load
of 2 kN/m2. Use suitable floor finish. Adopt M20 concrete and Fe 415 steel.
5. A one way slab of clear span 3.5m is simply supported on masonry walls 30cm thick. Design the slab
for a live load of 2.5kN/m2 using M 20 grade of concrete and Fe - 415 grade steel.
6. Design a simply supported slab to rest on masonry walls for a live load of 4kN/m2 if the clear spam is
2.8m. Use M 20 grade of concrete and HYSD Bars.
7. Design a slab of size 4.8m x 6.2 m for a classroom. Two adjacent edges of the slab are discontinuous
and two are continuous. Use M 20 grade concrete and fe 415 steel. Draw the structural details.
8. Design a rectangular slab of 3.8m x 5.4m for a classroom with all continuous edges. Use M 20 grade
concrete and Fe 415 steel.
9. Design a simply supported one-way slab of span 3 m to carry a live-load of 3.5 kN/m2. Use M-20 grade
of concrete and TOR steel reinforcement. Sketch the reinforcement details.
10. A simply supported one-way slab of effective span 4m is supported on masonary walls of 230mm
thickness. Design the slab. Take live load equal to 4KN/m2 and floor finish equal to 1KN/m2. The
materials are M20 grade concrete and HYSD reinforcement of grade Fe 415. Use limit state method.
11. Design a roof slab for a room of 4.5m × 5.5m clear in size to support a superimposed load of 5 KN/m2 if
two of its adjacent sides are continuous and the other two are discontinuous. Use M25 concrete and
Fe415 grade steel. Assume mild exposure condition. Sketch the reinforcement details.
12. Design a roof slab 3.5m x 4m, simply supported on all four sides if the live load is 1.5kN/m2. Take M -
20 grade concrete and Fe 415 grade steel.
13. Design the panel of slab is 4.5m x 6m. One short edge and long edge of the slab are discontinuous and
other short edge and long edges are continuous. Superimposed load is 3 KN/m2 and floor finishes being
1.5 kN/m2. Use M20 concrete and Fe 415 steel. Adopt limit state method. Assume mild exposure
condition. Draw the cross section of the slab with the reinforcement details. Design the panel of slab is
4.5m x 6m. One short edge and long edge of the slab are discontinuous and other short edge and long
edges are continuous. Superimposed load is 3 KN/m2 and floor finishes being 1.5 kN/m2. Use M20
concrete and Fe 415 steel. Adopt limit state method. Assume mild exposure condition. Draw the cross
section of the slab with the reinforcement details.
14. Design a simply supported slab to cover a room with internal dimensions 4mX5m and 230mm thick
brick walls all around. Assume a live load of 3kN/m2 and a finish load of 1kN/m2. Use M20 grade
Concrete and Fe 415 grade steel. Assume that the corners of the slab are prevented from lifting.
15. A simply supported rectangular slab of size 6 m x 4 m is to carry a live load of 2 kN/m2 under working
conditions. Adopting M20 concrete and Fe 415 steel and a load factor of 1.5 for dead and live loads,
design the slab.
16. A rectangular slab 4.5m x 6m is simply supported at the ends. Design the slab to carry a superimposed
service load of 5kN/m2. Use M20 grade concrete and Fe415 grade steel. Assume that the corners of the
slab are prevented from lifting.
17. Design a rectangular slab 5 m × 6 m simply supported on 3 edges and one shorter edge fixed, to carry
an all inclusive load of 10 kN/m2. Use M20 concrete and Fe 415 steel and adopt IS code method.
18. A R.C.C. slab has to be provided over a room 4metreX5 metre. The slab is continuous over two
adjacent supports and discontinuous at the other two supports. The live load on the slab is 3500 N/m2.
Design the slab. Use M20 concrete and Fe 415 grade of steel. Draw the following to the scale.
a) Sectional elevation showing the reinforcement details.
 b) Plans showing top and bottom reinforcement details of the slab.
19. Design a slab over a room 5m X 7m as per IS code. The slab is supported on masonry walls all round
with adequate restraint and the corners are held down. The live load on the slab is 2000N/m2. This slab
has a bearing of 150mm on the supporting walls. Use M25 concrete and Fe415 grade steel.
20. Design using limit state method, the interior panel of a slab measuring 4.5m x 6m c/c of supporting
beam. If the live load is 3.5kN/m2 and the floor finish being 1.5kN/m2. Assume mild exposure
condition. Adopt M20 concrete and Fe415 grade steel. Draw to scale
i) Sectional plan
ii) Longitudinal section parallel to both shorter direction and longer direction of the slab panel
21. The floor of a hall is 9m x 12m to the center of supports. Beams are spaced at 3m center to center. The
thickness of the floor slab is 120mm. Live load on the floor is 4kN/m2. Load due to floor finish and
plaster being 1.5 kN/m2. Design one intermediate beam for flexure and shear. Assume moderate
exposure condition. Use M20 concrete and Fe415 grade steel. Adopt limit state method. Draw to scale:
a) Longitudinal section of the beam showing reinforcement details
b) The cross section at mid span.
22. A long slab of effective size 3 m × 8 m is simply supported along 3 m edges and has continuity at 8 m
long supports by beams. The slab is subjected to a live load of 4.0kN/m2. Design the RCC slab using
M20 concrete and mild steel bars.
23. Design a slab for a room of size 4m x 5m. The edges of the slab are simply supported and the corners
are not held down. The live load on the slab is 3 kN/m2 and load due to floor finish being 1.5 k N/m2.
Take bearing of slab on walls as 230 mm. Use M 20 concrete and HYSD bars of grade Fe 415.
24. The panel of slab is 4.5 m × 5 m. One short edge and long edge of the slab are discontinuous and other
short edge and long edges are continuous. The slab is restrained with edge beam. Superimposed load is
3 kN/m2 and floor finishes being 1.5 kN/m2. Design the slab. Use M20 concrete and Fe 415 steel.
Adopt limit state method. Assume mild exposure condition. Draw to scale the cross section of the slab
showing the reinforcement details.
25. Design a simply supported slab over a classroom of size 3.5m x 8m. Use M 20 grade concrete and Hysd
bars. Neatly draw the structural. details?
26. Design a simple supported slab to cover a room having internal dimensions 4mx 5m and 230mm thick
brick wall all around. Assume a live load of 3.5KN/m2 and a finish load of 1.5KN/m2. Use M25
concrete and Fe 415 grade steel. Design the slab if the slab corms are presented from lifting up.
Assume mild exposure condition. Sketch the reinforcement details.
27. Design a simply supported slab to cover a room with internal dimensions 4mx5m and 230 mm thick
brick wall all around. Assume a line load of 3.5 KN/m2 and floor finish load of 1.5 KNm2. Use M25
concrete and Fe 415 steel. Design by IS code method by consisting the slab corners to be presented
from lifting up. Assume mild exposure condition draw to a scale:
a) Sectional plan of the slab showing the reinforcement details
b) Cross section parallel to the shorter direction of slab showing the reinforcement details.
c) Cross section parallel to the longer direction of the slab showing the reinforcement details.
d) Cross section showing the torsion reinforcement details.
28. A hall in a building is to be provided a floor consisting of a continuous slab cast monolithically with
simply supported beams spaced 3.5 m apart. The clear span of the beam is 9.5 m. The floor is to
support live and partition loads of 3 kN/m2 and 1.25 kN/m2 respectively at the service state. The load
due to finishes may be considered as 0.75 kN/m2. Design the slab using M20 grade concrete and Fe415
grade steel. Use Limit state method.
Draw to a scale: (a) Longitudinal section of the slab showing the reinforcement details. (b) The cross
section at mid span showing the reinforcement details.
29. The panel of a slab is 4m x 5m. One short edge and long edge of the slab are discontinuous and other
short edge and long edge are continuous. The slab is restrained with edge beam. Super imposed load is
4 kN/m2 and floor finish being 1.5 kN/m2. Design the slab. Use M25 concrete and Fe 415 steel. Adopt
limit state method. Assume mild exposed condition. Draw to scale the cross section of the slab
showing the reinforcement details.
30. The floor of a hall 12m x 6m to centers of supporting walls, consists of 3 beams spaced at 3m apart.
The thickness of the slab is 130 mm. Design the intermediate beam for flexure and shear. The live load
 on the slab is 3.5 kN/m2. Floor finish may be taken as 0.5 kN/m2. Use M20 grade concrete and Fe 415
steel. Draw to scale longitudinal section and cross section of beam.
31. The floor of a hall is 9 m × 12 m. The beams are spaced at 3 m center to center. The thickness of floor
slab is 120 mm. Superimposed load is 4 kN/m2 and floor finishes being 1.5 kN/m2. Design one
intermediate beam for flange and shear. Use limit state method. Use M20 concrete and Fe 415 steel.
Adopt limit state method. Assume mild exposure condition. Draw to scale (a) Longitudinal section of
the beam showing reinforcement details (b) The cross section of the beam at mid span showing the
reinforcement details.
32. Design using limit state method the interior panel of a slab measuring 4.5m x 6m cross section of
supporting beams. If the live load is 3.5 kN/m2 and the floor finish being 1.5 kN/m2. Assume mild
exposure condition. Adopt M 20 concrete and Fe 415 grade steel. Draw to scale: (a) Sectional plan (b)
Longitudinal section parallel to both shorter direction and longer direction of the slab panel.
33. Design a reinforced concrete slab for a room of 4m × 5m. The slab is simply supported on all four sides
of 300mm thick walls and its corners are free to lift. It has to carry 3kN/m2 live load and 25mm thick
floor finishes of 24kN/m3. Use M20 grade concrete and Fe415 grade steel. Adopt limit state method.
34. A T- beam floor consists of 130 mm thick R.C.C slab monolithic with 250mm wide beams. The floor of
the hall 12 meter by 6 meter to the centers of the supporting walls, consists of 3 beams spaced at 3
meters apart. Design an intermediate beam for flexure and shear using M20 grade concrete and Fe 415
grade of steel. Allow a live load of 3500 N/m2 and a dead load of the floor finish may be taken as 500
N/m2. Use limit state method. Draw to a scale:
a) Longitudinal section of the beam showing reinforcement details.
b) The cross section of the beam at mid-span showing the reinforcement details.
35. Design a simply supported slab to cover a room having internal dimensions 4.5m x 5.6m and 230mm
thick brick wall all around. Assume a line load of 3Kn/m2 and a floor finish load of 1.5KN/m2. Assume
M25 concrete and mild steel. Design the slab if the slab corners are prevented from lifting up. Assume
mild exposure condition. Sketch the reinforcement details.
36. Design a roof slab for a room of 4m x 5m clear in size to support a superimposed load of 4KN/m2 if two
of its adjacent sides are continuous and the other two are discontinuous. Use M25 concrete and Fe 415
grade steel. Show the reinforcement details. Assume mild exposure condition.
37. A foot bridge slab has a span of 6 m and has to support a UDL of 3 kN/m2. If the width of the slab is 2
m, design the mid span section adopting M20 concrete and Fe 250 steel.
38. Design a roof slab for a room of 5.4m x 6.6m clear in size to support a superimposed load of 4.5KN/m2.
Two adjacent sides of the slab are continuous and the other two are discontinuous. Use M25 concrete
and Fe 415 grade steel. Assume mild exposure condition. Adopt limit state method.
Draw to scale:
a) Sectional plan of the slab showing the reinforcement details.
b) Cross section parallel to the shorter direction of slab showing the reinforcement details.
c) Cross section parallel to the longer direction of the slab showing the reinforcement details.
d) Cross section showing the torsion reinforcement details.

DESIGN OF TWO-WAY SLABS

39. In two way slabs which span is taken for calculating deflections? Why? Explain.
40. Design a two way slab for a room 5.5 m × 4.0 m clear in size subjected to a superimposed load of 5
kN/m2 using M20 concrete and Fe 415 steel. Assume edges simply supported and corners held down.
41. Design a two-way slab for a room (4m x 5m) with discontinuous and simply supported edges on all the
2
sides with corners prevented from lifting to carry a working live - load of 4kN/m . Adopt M-20 grade
concrete and Fe - 415 grade steel.
 DESIGN OF CONTINUOUS SLAB USING I S COEFFICIENTS
42. Design a continuous one-way slab having three equal spans of 3m each for the imposed load of 4kN/m2;
concrete grade M20 and steel of grade Fe415. Use limit state method.
43. Design a continuous floor slab for an office building 12m long and 4m wide supported on floor beams
spaced at 3m c/c. The live load on slab is 2.5kN/m2. Concrete of grade M 20 and are used.
44. Design a one way continuous slab having four equal spans of 2.8 m each for a factored superimposed
load of 6 kN/m2. Adopt M20 concrete and HYSD steel of strength 415 N/mm2.
45. Design a one way simply supported slab of span 4.5m to cary a live load of 4kN/m2 floor finish of
1kN/m2 and partitions 1kN/m2. Use M 20 grade concrete and Fe415 grade TOR steel.
46. A 5 span continuous one way slab is to be used for a school building. The supporting beams are spaced
3m c/c. Design the slab using M 20 grade concrete and Fe – 415 grade TOR steel for a live load of
3kN/m2.
47. Design a continuous floor slab for an office building 12m long and 4m wide supported on floor beams
spaced at 3m c/c. The live load on slab is 2.5 kN/m2. Concrete of grade M – 20 and HYSD bars. Draw
to scale the reinforcement details.
48. A hall of building is to be provided with a floor consisting of a continuous slab cast monolithically with
simply supported beams spaced 3 m apart. The clear span of beam is 9 m. The floor is to support live
and partition loads of 3 kN/m2 and 1.5 kN/m2 respectively at service state. The load due to finishes may
be considered as 0.5 kN/m2. Design the slab using M20 grade concrete and Fe 415 grade steel. Use
limit state method.
49. A hall of building is to be provided with a floor consisting of a continuous slab cast monolithically with
simply supported beams spaced 3.5m apart. The span of beam is 8m. Live and partition load are 3
kN/m2 and 1.5kN/m2 respectively. The finishes are 0.5kN/ m2. Design the slab using M20 grade concrete
and Fe 415 grade steel. Use limit state method. Draw to scale.
a) Longitudinal section of the slab showing the reinforcement details.
b) The cross section at mid span showing the reinforcement details.
 UNIT – VIII: LIMIT STATE DESIGN FOR
SERVICEABILITY, DEFLECTION, CRACKING
1. Explain the loading conditions for checking serviceability.
2. Explain in detail the codal provisions for calculating deflections.
3. What are the methods available in IS456 for ensuring whether the deflections are with in limits? Explain?
4. Explain how span/depth ratio can be utilized to control deflections in beams.
5. Explain the I.S code provisions for limit state design for serviceability for deflection of slabs. By assuming
suitable data illustrate the same with a numerical example.
6. Explain the limit states of serviceability for cracking as per IS 456.
7. What are the major factors affections the deflection and to do these effect deflection? Explain in detail.
8. Design the end span of a one way continuous slab for the following data: span =5m, live load = 3kN/m2
partitions = 1kN/m2 floor finish 0.75kN/m2. Concrete; M 20grade and steel: Fe - 415 grade.
9. A cantilever beam of span 3.60 m carries an uniformly distributed load for 20 kN/m (Including self weight)
The cross section of the beam is a rectangle of size 250 mm × 500 mm with tension reinforcement of 3
numbers 25 mm diameter bars and compression reinforcement of 2 numbers 20 mm diameter bars. The
effective cover to both the compression and tension reinforcement is 40 mm each. The materials used are
M20 grade concrete and HYSD reinforcement of grade Fe 415. Calculate the short term deflections at the tip
of the cantilever beam.
10. A cantilever beam has the following data:
a) Span = 3m
b) Cross-section = 30 cm X 60cm
c) B.M at the support section = 140 kN.m out of which 50% moment is due to permanent loads
d) Reinforcement = 4 Nos. – 20mm bars in tension zone.
e) Concrete cover = 40mm
f) Materials used = M2O concrete and Fe 415 steel. Find the short term deflection of the beam and
deflection due to shrinkage of concrete.
11. A rectangular cantilever beam of span 3.6m is 300 mm × 550 mm overall dimensions. Bending moment at
the fixed end due to uniformly distributed service load is 105 KNm out of which 40% moment is due to
permanent loads. The beam consists of 4 bars of 22mm diameter in the tension zone at on effective cover of
50mm and 2bars of 12mm diameter in the compression zone at an effective cover of 40mm. Assume M25
concrete and Fe 415 grade steel. Estimate the short deflection at the free end of beam and deflection due to
shrinkage of concrete.
12. A rectangular cantilever beam has the following data.
(i) Cross-section = 35cm X 65cm
(ii) Span = 4.0m
(iii) Bending moment at the support = 150kN.m out of which 30% moment is due to permanent loads.
(iv) Tension Reinforcement = 4 X 20mm φ bars.
(v) Effective cover = 40mm.
(vi) Material used = M20 concrete and Fe415 steel.
Calculate the short-term deflection at the free end and deflection due to shrinkage of concrete.
13. A rectangular cantilever beam of span 3m is 300mm × 500mm overall dimensions. Bending moment at the
fixed end due to uniformly distributes service loads in 95 KNm out of which 40% moment is due to
permanent loads. The beam consists of 4 numbs of 20mm diameter mild steel box in the tension zone at an
effective come of 50mm and 2mild steel box of 12mm diameter at 40mm effective come in the compression
zone. Use M20 concrete. Determine the short-term deflection at the free-end of the beam and deflection due
to shrinkage of concrete.
14. A cantilever rectangular beam of effective span 4 m is having breadth 230 mm and effective depth of 450
mm. Tension steel provided is 3 bars 25 mm diameter and 3 numbers 16 mm bars are provided as
compression reinforcement. Estimate the maximum short term deflection and deflection due to shrinkage.
Assume moderate exposure condition. Use M25 concrete and Fe415 steel.
15. A simply supported T-beam section with a flange width of 1250 mm, web width of 250 mm and flange
thickness of 100 mm is reinforced with 3 bars of 20 mm dia at an effective depth of 450 mm. The beam
 carries a uniformly distributed service load of 12 kN/m and a concentrated load of 25 kN at midpoint over an
effective span of 6m. Using M 15 grade concrete and Fe 415 grade steel, calculate the short term deflection
at the midpoint.
16. A concrete beam of 230mm × 600mm size with 4no’s 20mm diameter bars in tension at an effective cover of
50mm is simply supported over an effective span of 4m. The bending moment at mid span is 120kNm, out of
which 50% is due to permanent loads. Check the beam for short term deflection and deflection due to creep
only. Use M20 grade concrete, Fe 415 grade steel and limit state method.
17. A simply supported rectangular beam of effective span 10 m is having breadth 300 mm and effective depth of
650 mm. Tension steel provided is 3200 mm2 and two numbers 16 mm bars are provided as compression
reinforcement. Estimate the short term deflection and deflection due to shrinkage. Assume moderate
exposure condition. Use M25 concrete and Fe 415 steel.
18. A simply supported rectangular beam of effective span 9 m is having breadth 300 mm and effective depth of
650 mm. Tension steel provided is 3000 mm2 and two numbers 16 mm bars are provided as compression
reinforcement. Estimate the short term deflection and deflection due to shrinkage. Assume moderate
exposure condition. Use M25 concrete and Fe 415 steel.
19. A simply supported rectangular beam of 8m span is having breadth 300mm and effective depth 550mm.
4bars of 12mm one provided as tension steel and 2bars of 12mm are provided as compression steel. Assume
dead load as 18KN/m and live load as 14KN/m. Assume M20 concrete and Fe415 grade steel. Estimate the
short-term deflection and deflection due to shrinkage of concrete.
20. A simply supported rectangular effective beam of 10m span is having breadth 300 mm and effective depth
700 mm. Tension steel provided is 3082 mm2 and 2 number of 16 mm bars are provided as compression
steel. Estimate the short deflection and deflection due to shrinkage. Assume moderate exposure condition.
Use M 25 concrete and TOR 40 steel.
21. Design a simply supported Rectangular Beam to carry 30kN/m superimposed load over a span of 6m on
460mm wide supports. Use M20 grade concrete and Fe 415 grade steel. Check the design for all necessary
conditions. Draw to a suitable scale.
(a) Longitudinal Section showing reinforcement details.
(b) The cross section of the Beam at salient points, showing reinforcement details.
22. A simply supported rectangular beam of 10m span is having breath 300mm and effective depth 650mm. 4
base of 12 mm are provided as tension steel and 2bars of 16mm are provides as compression steel. Assume
dead load as 20KN/m and liveload as 15 KN/m. Assume M20 concrete and grade I steel. Determine the
short term deflection and deflection due to shrinkage of concrete.
23. Determine the maximum short term deflections and deflection due to shrinkage for cartilever beam having 3
bars of 25 mm dia in tension and 3 bars of 16 mm dia in compression zone. Assume moderate exposure
condition. The total dead and live load is 18 kN/m. The effective span of the beam is 3.5 m. Use M20
concrete and Fe 415 grade steel. Adopt limit state method. The cross section of the beam is 230 mm x 450
mm overall depth. The materials are M20 grade concrete and Fe415 grade steel.
 STAIR CASES
1. Write short notes on the following:
(i) Geometrical stairs
(ii) Dog-logged stairs
(iii) Open-newel stairs
(iv) Bifurcated stairs
2. A straight stair in a building is supported on a 200mm thick brick wall on one side and by a 200mm
wide stringer beam on the other side. The effective horizontal span of the stair may be taken as 1.5m.
The risers are 160mm and the treads are 260mm. The steps and the waist slab are cast monolithically in
M 20 grade of concrete. Design the stair adopting a live load of 3kN/m2. Use Fe 415 steel.
3. A suitable stair has to be located in a stair case hall 6m long, 3.6m wide and 3.75m high with a door
1.15m wide in each of the longitudinal walls. The doors face each other and are located at a distance of
0.5m from the respective corners of the entrance lobby. The walls of the stair case hall are 300mm
thick. Assuming that it is a public building, design the stair and use M 20 and Fe 415.
4. Design a dog-lagged stair for a building in which the vertical distance between floors is 3.6m. The stair
hall measures 2.5m x 5m. The live load may be taken as 2.5kN/m2. Use M 20 and Fe 415.
5. The main stair of an office building has to be located in a stair measuring 3.5m x 5.5m. The vertical
distance between the floors is 3.75m. Design the stairs. Take live load = 3kN/m2. Use M 20 and Fe
415.
6. The service stair of an office building is to be located in a stair-case hall measuring 3m x 5m. If the
vertical distance between the floors is 3.5m, draw a dimensional plan and section of the proposal R.C.C.
stair showing details of reinforcement in different portions of the stair-case. Assume stair case walls to
be 300mm thick. Use M 20 concrete Fe 415 steel.