HORMONES

MEMBERS:
Balonquita Panoy
Casili Pineda
Celario Turiano
Go Vargas
Marmol Valentino
WHAT GLANDS PRODUCE HORMONES?

Pituitary Thyroid

Adrenals Pineal gland

Ovaries Testes
WHAT ARE HORMONES?
Hormones are specialized regulatory
molecules produced by glands and tissues in
the body. These chemical messengers play a
vital role in orchestrating and controlling
various physiological processes.
 HORMONE FUNCTIONS

Mood control Individual growth Metabolism

Hormones play a significant Individual growth involves a Hormones play a crucial
role in mood regulation, complex interplay of role in regulating food into
influencing emotional well- hormones that regulate energy and essential
being and mental health. various aspects of physical, molecules for the body's
cognitive, and emotional functioning.
development.
 TYPES OF HORMONES
Water-Soluble Hormones Lipid-Soluble Hormones

Receptor Located on the cell membrane. Found inside the target cells

Speed Rapid onset of action Slower onset of action

Peptides, proteins, or amino acid

Chemical Nature Steroids derived from cholesterol
derivatives

Examples Insulin, glucagon, adrenaline Estrogen, testosterone, cortisol

 HORMONE CLASSIFICATIONS
Steroid Hormones
Pass through cell membranes and affect 1
gene expression

Peptide and
Protein Hormones
2 Bind to cell surface receptors, initiating
signaling pathways

Amino Acid
Derivative Hormones
Neurotransmitters or play a role in 3
regulating metabolic processes.
 2
HYPOTHALAMIC
HORMONES
 HORMONE FUNCTION

Regulates the amount of water in the body. This

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) helps with blood pressure control.

Corticotropin-releasing Regulate metabolism, immune response and

hormone (CRH) release certain steroids.

Facilitates childbirth and the release of a

Oxytocin mother’s breast milk.

Prolactin-controlling hormones Tell the pituitary gland to either start or stop

breast milk production in lactating mothers.

Regulates metabolism, energy levels, and

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone developmental growth.
 PITUITARY
3 HORMONES
 HORMONE FUNCTION

Stimulates growth and development of bones,

Growth Hormone (GH) muscles, and tissues.

Stimulates milk production in breastfeeding

Prolactin individuals.

Stimulates the adrenal glands to produce

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone cortisol, which regulates metabolism, immune
(ACTH) response, and stress.

Controls the production and release of

Thyroid-stimulating Hormone hormones from the thyroid gland, which
(TSH) regulate metabolism, growth, and development.

Follicle-stimulating Hormone In females.

(FSH)
 4
THYROID & PARATHYROID
HORMONES
 HORMONE FUNCTION

Main hormone secreted into the bloodstream by

Thyroxine (T4) the thyroid gland.

Plays a role in the body's metabolic rate and the

Triiodothyronine (T3) maintenance of bone health.

A hormone your parathyroid glands release to

Parathyroid Hormone control calcium levels in your blood.
 PINEAL
5 HORMONE
HORMONE FUNCTION

It regulates some biological rhythms and

Melatonin protects the central nervous system from free
radicals.
 6

ADRENAL HORMONES
ADRENAL CORTEX
HORMONE FUNCTION

Helps the kidneys control the amount of salt in

Aldosterone the blood and tissues of the body.

Helps the body manage and use carbohydrates,

Cortisol protein and fat.

Help the organs of the reproductive system

Androgens grow and develop the male secondary sexual
characteristics.

It controls female reproduction and sexual

Estrogen development, including the development of
female characteristics.
ADRENAL MEDULLA
HORMONE FUNCTION

It increases heart rate, blood pressure and blood

Epinephrine (Adrenaline) sugar levels.

It constricts blood vessels. Like epinephrine, it

Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline) increases heart rate, blood pressure and blood
sugar levels.
 7

PANCREATIC HORMONES
HORMONE FUNCTION

Insulin It decreases the body’s blood glucose levels.

It increases the body’s blood glucose levels.

Glucagon .
 OVARIAN
8 HORMONES
HORMONE FUNCTION

Estrogen

Regulate the menstrual cycle, maintain

Progesterone pregnancy, and influence the development of
secondary sexual characteristics in females.

Testosterone
 9

TESTES HORMONES
HORMONE FUNCTION

Responsible for the development of male

Testosterone reproductive organs and secondary sexual
characteristics.
 LOCAL
10 HORMONES
LIVER
HORMONE FUNCTION

Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Stimulates growth in various tissues, produced

(IGF-1) in response to growth hormone.

Precursor to angiotensin, which regulates blood

Angiotensinogen pressure and fluid balance.

Stimulates the production of platelets in the

Thrombopoietin bone marrow.

Regulates iron homeostasis by controlling its

Hepcidin absorption in the intestine and release from
storage.
GUT
HORMONE FUNCTION

Gastrin Stimulates gastric acid secretion in the stomach.

Stimulates the release of bile from the

Cholecystokinin gallbladder and pancreatic enzymes.

Induces the pancreas to release bicarbonate,

Secretin neutralizing stomach acid.

Regulates the migrating motor complex and

Motilin stimulates gastric and intestinal motility.

Ghrelin Stimulates hunger and promotes food intake.

GUT
HORMONE FUNCTION

Released in the ileum and colon, it suppresses

Peptide YY (PYY) appetite and slows down gastric emptying.

Glucose-Dependent Stimulates insulin release in response to

Insulinotropic Peptide (GIP) nutrient intake.

Inhibits the release of growth hormone and

Somatostatin insulin and regulates GI motility.

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Stimulates secretion of water and electrolytes in

(VIP) the intestine.
ADIPOSE TISSUE
HORMONE FUNCTION

Helps maintain energy balance and body

Leptin weight.

Promoting glucose utilization and reducing

Adiponectin inflammation.

Adipose tissue contains enzymes that can

Estrogen convert precursor molecules into estrogen

Angiotensin Regulation of blood pressure and fluid balance.

PLACENTA
HORMONE FUNCTION

Human chorionic gonadotropin Found in early embryos and which will

(hCG) eventually be part of the placenta.

In the fetus, it promotes formation of insulin-like

Human Placental Lactogen (hPL) growth factor.

Regulates the growth, development, and

Estrogen physiology of the human reproductive system.

Similar effects as progesterone, binds to the

Progestogen progesterone receptor and acts as an agonist.

Surround the fetus, and the lining of the uterus.

Relaxin In men, it can be detected in the semen.
KIDNEYS
HORMONE FUNCTION

Stimulates growth in various tissues, produced

Erythropoietin (EPO) in response to growth hormone.

Precursor to angiotensin, which regulates blood

Renin pressure and fluid balance.

The active form of vitamin D Isn’t a vitamin — it’s a prohormone.

 11

HORMONAL DISEASES
 HORMONAL DISORDERS

Diabetes Cushing’s Syndrome Thyroid Disease

Insulin deficiency and Thyroid hormone
High cortisol levels
resistance imbalance

PCOS Hypogonadism Acromegaly

Sex hormones imbalance Production of inadequate Excessive production of
and insulin resistance amounts of sex hormones growth hormone
HORMONAL DISEASE PREVALENCE

19% 36%
Sexual hormone Metabolism
disorder disorder
12% 10%
Bone metabolism
Diabetes
disorder
13% 10%
Thyroid dysfunction General endocrine
disorder
SIGNS OF HORMONAL IMBALANCE
Digestive Issues
1
Sudden weight gain or loss

Mental Issues
2
Memory issues and high stress levels.

Fatigue and Skin Issues

Low energy levels, sleeping, and skin 3
problems.

Reproductive Issues
Infertility and reproductive organs 4
swelling
THANKS!
Members :
Balonquita Pineda
Casili Turiano
Celario Vargas
Go Valentino
Marmol
Panoy

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