Chapter 11 - Calorimetry - Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 10 ICSE - KnowledgeBoat
Chapter 11 - Calorimetry - Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 10 ICSE - KnowledgeBoat
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Chapter 11
Calorimetry
Class 10 - Concise Physics Selina
Exercise 11(A)
Question 1
Answer
Heat is the internal energy of molecules constituting the body. It flows from a
hot body to a cold body when they are kept in contact.
Question 2
Answer
Question 3
Answer
One calorie is the quantity of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1
g of water from 14.5°C to 15.5°C.
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Question 4
Answer
One kilo calorie is the heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of
water from 14.5°C to 15.5°C
Question 5
Answer
Temperature is a parameter which tells the thermal state of a body (i.e., the
degree of hotness or coldness of body). It determines the direction of flow of
heat when two bodies at different temperatures are placed in contact.
Question 6
Answer
Heat Temperature
The S.I. unit of heat is joule (J) The S.I. unit of temperature is kelvin (K).
Question 7
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Define calorimetry.
Answer
Question 8
Define the term heat capacity and state it's S.I. unit.
Answer
The term heat capacity of a body is the amount of heat energy required to raise
it's temperature by 1° C (or 1 K).
Question 9
Define the term specific heat capacity and state it's S.I. unit.
Answer
The specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat energy required
to raise the temperature of unit mass of that substance through 1°C (or 1 K).
i.e.,
The S.I. unit of specific heat capacity is joule per kilogram per kelvin (J kg-1 K-
1).
Question 10
How is the heat capacity of a body related to the specific heat capacity of it's
substance?
Answer
The equation which relates the heat capacity of a body to the specific heat
capacity is —
Question 11
State three differences between the heat capacity and specific heat capacity.
Answer
Question 12
Answer
Question 13
Write the approximate value of specific heat capacity of water in S.I. unit.
Answer
Question 14
Answer
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(ii) "The specific heat capacity of copper is 0.4 J g-1 K-1" means that the heat
energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of copper by 1 K is 0.4 J.
Question 15
Answer
B is a good conductor of heat energy. For the same heat energy and same
mass, the rise in temperature of B will be more hence, B is a good
conductor of heat.
Question 16
Prev Exercises
Name two factors on which the heat energy librated by a body on coolingChapters Next
depends.
Answer
The factors on which the heat energy liberated by a body on cooling depends
are:
Question 17
Name three factors on which the heat energy absorbed by a body depends and
state how does it depend on them.
Answer
Three factors on which the heat energy absorbed by a body depends are:
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Question 18
Answer
Q = m x c x △t joules,
m is mass of substance
△t is change in temperature
Question 19
Same amount of heat is supplied to two liquids A and B. The liquid A shows a
greater rise in temperature. What can you say about the heat capacity of A as
compared to that of B?
Answer
As the substance having low specific heat capacity will show a rapid and high
rise in temperature and since liquid A shows a greater rise in temperature as
compared to B when same amount of heat is supplied to both. Hence, heat
capacity of liquid A is less than that of B.
Question 20
Two blocks P and Q of different metals having their mass in the ratio 2 : 1 are
given same amount of heat. Their temperature rises by same amount.
Compare their specific heat capacities.
Answer
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Let,
From relation,
Q
c=
m × △t
m = mass
Q = heat energy
△t = change in temperature
Now,
Q
Cp 2m × △t
=
Q
CQ
m × △t
Cp m × △t
=
2m × △t
CQ
Cp 1
⇒ =
2
CQ
Question 21
What is the principle of method of mixture ? What other name is given to it?
Name the law on which this principle is based.
Answer
Heat energy lost by the hot body = Heat energy gained by the cold body.
This is called the principle of method of mixture.
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Question 22
Answer
= m1c1 (t1 – t)
= m2c2 (t – t2)
m1 c1 t1 - m1c1 t = m2 c2 t - m2 c2 t2
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Therefore,
m1 c1 t1 + m2 c2 t2
t=
m1 c1 + m2 c2
Question 23
Why do the farmers fill their fields with water on a cold winter night?
Answer
Question 24
Discuss the role of high specific heat capacity of water with reference to climate
in coastal areas.
Answer
The specific heat capacity of water is very high. It is about five times as high as
that of sand. Hence, the heat energy required for the same rise in temperature
by a certain mass of water will be nearly five times than that required by the
same mass of sand. Similarly, a certain mass of water will impart nearly five
times more heat energy than that given by the same mass of sand for the same
fall in temperature.
As such sand (or earth) gets heated or cooled more rapidly as compared to
water under the similar conditions (exposure to the Sun). Thus, near the sea
shore, there becomes a large difference in temperature between the land and
sea due to which convection currents are set up. The cold air from the land
blows towards the sea during the night (i.e., land breeze) and during the day
cold air blows from the sea towards the land (i.e., sea breeze). These breezes
near the sea makes the climate in coastal areas moderate.
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Question 25
Answer
Hot water bottles are used for fomentation because water does not cool quickly
due to it's high specific heat capacity, so a hot water bottle provides more heat
energy for fomentation over a longer period. Hence, water is used in hot water
bottles for fomentation.
Question 26
Answer
Question 27
Give one example each where high specific heat capacity of water is used (i)
as coolant, (ii) as heat reservoir.
Answer
(i) Used as a coolant — Radiators in car and generator use water for cooling.
Water in car radiator can absorb more heat without much rise in temperature
due to it's high specific heat capacity. Hence, in acts as an effective coolant.
(ii) Used as heat reservoir — In cold countries, water is used as heat reservoir
for wine and juice bottles to avoid their freezing. The reason is that water due
to it's high specific heat capacity can impart a large amount of heat before
reaching to it's freezing point. Hence, bottles kept in water remain warm and do
not freeze when there is considerable fall in temperature.
Question 28
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A liquid X has specific heat capacity higher than the liquid Y. Which liquid is
useful as (i) coolant in car radiators and, (ii) heat reservoir to keep juice bottles
without freezing?
Answer
(ii) Heat reservoir to keep juice bottles without freezing — The liquid needs
to give out large amount of heat before reaching freezing temperatures and as
liquid X has specific heat capacity higher than the liquid Y, hence liquid X will
be used.
Question 29
(b) Name the material of which it is made of. Give two reasons for using the
material stated by you.
(c) Out of the three metals A, B and C of specific heat 900 J kg-1 °C-1 , 380 J
kg-1 °C-1 and 460 J kg-1 °C-1 respectively, which will you prefer for calorimeter?
Given reason.
Answer
(b) It is made up of a thin sheet of copper. The reasons for using copper are:
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(d) The outer and inner surfaces of the vessel should be polished so as to
reduce the loss of heat due to radiation in a calorimeter.
Question 30
Answer
The base of a cooking pan is made thick and heavy because it's heat capacity
becomes large due to which it gets heated slowly and it imparts sufficient heat
energy at a slow rate to the food for it's proper cooking and after cooking it
keeps the food warm for a long time.
Multiple Choice Type
Question 1
1. J kg-1
2. J K-1 ✓
3. J kg-1 K-1
4. cal °C-1
Answer
The term heat capacity of a body is the amount of heat energy required to raise
it's temperature by 1°C (or 1 K).
The S.I. unit of heat capacity is joule per kelvin (J K-1).
Question 2
1. J kg-1
2. J K-1
3. J kg-1 K-1 ✓
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Answer
The specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat energy required
to raise the temperature of unit mass of that substance through 1°C (or 1 K).
i.e.,
The S.I. unit of specific heat capacity is joule per kilogram per kelvin (J kg-1 K-
1).
Question 3
Answer
Water has an unusually high specific heat capacity of 4200 J kg-1 K-1
Numericals
Question 1
Answer
A degree (or temperature difference) is same on both the celsius and kelvin
scales i.e., △t° C = △T K. Therefore, the corresponding rise in temperature on
the Kelvin scale will be 15 K.
Question 2
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(a) Calculate the heat capacity of a copper vessel of mass 150 g if the specific
heat capacity of copper is 410 J kg-1 K-1.
(b) How much heat energy will be required to increase the temperature of the
vessel in part (a) from 25°C to 35°C?
Answer
(a) Given,
We know that,
From relation,
Q = m x c x △T
Question 3
A piece of iron of mass 2.0 kg has a heat capacity of 966 J K-1 . Find (i) heat
energy needed to warm it by 15° C, and (ii) it's specific heat capacity in S.I unit.
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Answer
(i) Given,
From relation,
Q = C' × △t
Q = 966 x 15 = 14,490 J
We know that,
C′
c=
m
Substituting the values in the formula above we get,
966
c= = 483 J kg−1 K−1
2
Question 4
Calculate the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 100 g
of copper from 20°C to 70°C. Specific heat of capacity of copper = 390 J kg-1
K-1
Answer
Given,
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From relation,
Q = m x c x △t
Hence, the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 100
g of copper from 20° C to 70° C = 1950 J
Question 5
Answer
Given,
From relation,
Q = m × c × △t
1300 = 0.5 × c × 20
1300
⇒c=
0.5 × 20
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Question 6
Answer
Given,
From relation,
Q = mc△t
Q = 50 × 960 × 20
⇒ Q = 960, 000
Now,
Q = Power × time
Question 7
Answer
heat capacity = ?
From relation,
Q = Power × time
Q = 600 × 100
⇒ Q = 60000J
Now,
′ Q
C =
△T
60, 000
′
C =
5
′
C = 1.2 × 104 JK−1
Q
c=
m × △T
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60000
c=
4×5
60000
c=
4×5
Question 8
Answer
Given,
From relation,
Q = m × c × △T
Q = 0.5 × 4200 × 25
⇒ Q = 52, 500J
1
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1
t= × 52, 500
30
⇒ t = 1750 s
⇒ t = 29 min 10 sec
Question 9
Answer
Given,
6500 × c = 3780
3780
c=
6500
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Question 10
Answer
Given,
Mass of water = 45 g
Mass of copper = 50 g
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⇒ 9801 = (208.5t)
9801
⇒t=
208.5
⇒ t = 47.0072°C ≈ 47°C
Question 11
200 g of hot water at 80°C is added to 300 g of cold water at 10°C. Neglecting
the heat taken by the container, calculate the final temperature of the mixture of
water. Specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J kg-1 K-1.
Answer
The specific heat capacity of water cw = 4200 J kg-1 K-1 = 4.2 J g-1 K-1
Heat energy given by hot water = Heat energy taken by cold water
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2 × (80 − t) = 3 × (t − 10)
160 − 2t = 3t − 30
160 + 30 = 3t + 2t
190 = 5t
190
⇒t=
5
⇒ t = 38°C
Question 12
The temperature of 600 g of cold water rises by 15°C when 300 g of hot water
at 50°C is added to it. What was the initial temperature of the cold water?
Answer
Given,
Heat energy given by hot water = heat energy taken by cold water
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initial temperature = ?
We know,
t - ti = 15
20 - ti = 15
Therefore, ti = 20 - 15 = 5° C
Question 13
1.0 kg of water is contained in a 1.25 kW kettle. Calculate the time taken for the
temperature of water to rise from 25° C to it's boiling point 100° C. Specific heat
capacity of water = 4.2 J g-1 K-1.
Answer
Given,
mass = 1 kg = 1000 g
Now,
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Q = Power × time
315000 = 1250 × t
315000
⇒t=
1250
Question 1
(c) Does the substance absorb or liberate any heat during the change of
phase?
(d) What is the name given to the energy absorbed during a phase change?
Answer
(c) Yes, the substance absorb or liberates heat during the change of phase.
The heat is absorbed during melting and it is liberated during freezing at a
constant temperature.
(d) The name given to the energy absorbed during a phase change is latent
heat.
Question 2
A substance changes from it's solid state to the liquid state when heat is
supplied to it
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(c) How does the average kinetic energy of molecules of the substance
change.
Answer
(b) The heat absorbed by the substance is called the latent heat of melting.
(c) The average kinetic energy of the molecules does not change as there is
no change in temperature.
Question 3
Answer
Question 4
How does the (a) average kinetic energy (b) average potential energy of
molecules of a substance change during it's change in phase at a constant
temperature, on heating?
Answer
(a) The average kinetic energy of molecules does not change during it's
change in phase at a constant temperature, on heating.
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Question 5
State the effect of presence of impurity on the melting point of ice. Give one
use of it.
Answer
Question 6
Answer
The melting point of the substances which contract on melting (like ice)
decreases by the increase in pressure. For example, the melting point of ice
decreases by 0.0072°C for every one atmosphere rise in pressure.
Question 7
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Answer
Question 8
The melting point of naphthalene is 80° C and the room temperature is 25°. A
sample of liquid naphthalene at 90° is cooled down to room temperature. Draw
a temperature-time graph to represent this cooling. On the graph mark the
region which corresponds to the freezing process.
Answer
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Question 9
Answer
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Question 10
Explain the terms boiling and boiling point. How is the volume of water affected
when it boils at 100°C.
Answer
The change from liquid to gas (or vapour) phase on absorption of heat at a
constant temperature is called boiling or vaporisation.
Question 11
How is the boiling point of water affected when some salt is added to it?
Answer
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The boiling point of water increases by addition of salt to it. If common salt is
added to water, it boils at a temperature higher than 100° C.
Question 12
Answer
Question 13
Answer
The boiling point of liquid increases with the increase in pressure and
decreases with the decrease in pressure. The boiling point of pure water at one
atmospheric pressure is 100° C.
In a pressure cooker, steam is not allowed to escape out. The vapour pressure
on water inside the cooker becomes nearly 1.75 times the atmospheric
pressure, so water boils in it at about 120° C to 125° C due to increased
pressure.
Question 14
Answer
Question 15
Answer
At high altitudes, such as hills and mountains, the atmospheric pressure is low
(less than one atmospheric pressure), therefore at these places, water boils at
temperature lower than 100° C and so it does not provide the required heat
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energy to it's contents for cooking. Thus, cooking there becomes very difficult
and it takes a much longer time.
Question 16
Answer
Question 17
Answer
Question 18
Define the term specific latent heat of fusion of ice. State it's S.I. unit.
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Answer
The specific latent heat of fusion of ice is the heat energy required to melt unit
mass of ice at 0° C to water at 0° C without any change in temperature.
Question 19
Answer
The approximate value of specific latent heat of ice is 336 x 103 J kg-1
Question 20
'The specific latent heat of fusion of ice is 336 J g-1'. Explain the meaning of
this statement.
Answer
'The specific latent heat of fusion of ice is 336 J g-1' means 1 g of ice at 0° C
absorbs 336 J of heat energy to convert into water at 0° C.
Question 21
Answer
Question 22
Answer
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Question 23
Answer
(b) 1 g ice at 0° C requires more heat to raise it's temperature to 10° C because
1 g ice at 0° C first absorbs 336 J heat to convert into 1 g water at 0° C and
then the water absorbs heat to raise it's temperature from 0° to 10° C.
Question 24
Ice cream appears colder to the mouth than water at 0° C. Give reasons.
Answer
Ice cream absorbs heat energy as well as the latent heat while water absorbs
only heat energy. Therefore, ice cream absorbs more amount of energy from
the mouth as compared to water. Hence, ice cream appears colder to the
mouth than water at 0° C.
Question 25
The soft drink bottles are cooled by (i) ice cubes at 0° C, and (ii) iced-water at
0° C. Which will cool the drink quickly? Give reason.
Answer
Ice cubes at 0°C will cool the soft drink bottles more quickly than iced-water at
0°C.
1 g of ice at 0° C takes 336 J of heat energy from the drink to melt into water at
0° C. Thus, the drink liberates an additional 336 J of heat energy to 1 g ice at
0° C than to 1 g ice-cold water at 0° C. Therefore, cooling produced by 1 g ice
at 0° C is much more than that by 1 g water at 0° C.
Question 26
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It is generally cold after a hail storm than during and before the hail storm. Give
reasons.
Answer
It is generally cold after a hail storm than during and before it because after the
hail storm, ice absorbs the heat energy required for it's melting from the
surroundings, so the temperature of the surrounding falls further down and we
feel more cold.
Question 27
The temperature of surroundings starts falling when ice in a frozen lake starts
melting. Give reasons.
Answer
The temperature of surroundings starts falling when ice in a frozen lake starts
melting because quite a large amount of heat energy is required for melting the
frozen lake which is absorbed from the surrounding atmosphere. As a result,
the temperature of the surrounding falls and it becomes very cold.
Question 28
Water in lakes and ponds do not freeze at once in cold countries. Give reason.
Answer
Water in lakes and ponds do not freeze at once in cold countries because the
specific latent heat of fusion of ice is sufficiently high (= 336 J g-1). The water in
lakes and ponds will have to liberate a large quantity of heat to the surrounding
before freezing. The layer of ice formed over the water surface, being a poor
conductor of heat, will also prevent the loss of heat from the water of lake,
hence the water does not freeze all at once.
Question 29
(a) The surroundings become pleasantly warm when water in a lake starts
freezing in cold countries.
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(b) The heat supplied to a substance during it's change of state, does not
cause any rise in it's temperature.
Answer
(a) The surroundings become pleasantly warm when water in a lake starts
freezing in cold countries because the specific latent heat of fusion of ice is
very high, hence large quantity of heat is released when the water in the lake
freezes. Therefore, the temperature of the surrounding becomes pleasantly
warm.
Question 1
1. cal g-1
3. J kg-1 ✓
4. J kg-1 K-1
Answer
Question 2
1. 80 cal g-1 ✓
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2. 2260 J g-1
3. 80 J g-1
4. 336 J kg-1
Answer
Question 1
Answer
Given,
Mass (m) = 10 g
Specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J kg-1 K-1 = 4.2 J g-1 K-1
Q1 = 10 × L
Q2 = 10 × 4.2 × 50
= 2100J
From relation,
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Q = Q1 + Q2
⇒ L = 336 J g−1
Question 2
How much heat energy is released when 5.0 g of water at 20° C changes into
ice at 0° C? Take specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 J g-1 K-1, specific latent
heat of fusion of ice = 336 J g-1.
Answer
Given,
(i) Heat energy released when water lowers it's temperature from 20° C to 0° C
= m x c x change in temperature
Q1 = 5 × 4.2 × (20 − 0)
Q1 = 5 × 4.2 × 20
⇒ Q1 = 420J
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Q2 = 5 × 336J
⇒ Q2 = 1680J
From relation,
Q = Q1 + Q2
Q = 420 + 1680
⇒ Q = 2100
Question 3
A molten metal of mass 150 g is kept at it's melting point 800° C. When it is
allowed to freeze at the same temperature, it gives out 75,000 J of heat energy.
(b) If the specific heat capacity of metal is 200 J kg-1 K-1, how much additional
heat energy will the metal give out in cooling to - 50° C?
Answer
(a) Given,
From relation Q = m x L
75000 = 150 × L
75000
⇒L=
150
⇒ L = 500 J g−1
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Change in temperature
= 800 – (-50) = 800 + 50 = 850° C = 850 K
From relation,
Q = m x c x change in temperature
Question 4
A solid metal of mass 150 g melts at it's melting point of 800° C by providing
heat at the rate of 100 W. The time taken for it to completely melt at the same
temperature is 4 min. What is the specific latent heat of fusion of the metal?
Answer
Given,
m = 150 g = 0.15 kg
P = 100 W
t = 4 min = 240 s
Heat supplied = P x t
We know,
Q=mxL
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24000 = 0.15 × L
24000
⇒L=
0.15
⇒ L = 160, 000
⇒ L = 1.6 × 105 J kg−1
Hence, specific latent heat of fusion of the metal = 1.6 x 105 J kg-1
Question 5
Answer
Given,
Heat energy released by water in fall of it's temperature from 20° to 0° C (Q1)
= mass x specific heat capacity x fall in temperature
= 100 × 4.2 x (20 - 0)
= 100 × 4.2 x 20
= 8400 J
Hence, Q1 = 8400 J
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Heat energy released by water when it converts into ice at 0° C (Q2) = m x Lice
= 100 × 336
= 33600 J
Heat energy released when ice cools from 0° C to -10° C (Q3) = m x c x change
in temperature
= 100 × 2.1 x [0 - (-10)]
= 100 x 2.1 x 10
= 2100 J
Hence,
E
P =
t
Substituting the values in the formula we get,
44100
P =
4410
P = 10W
Question 6
Answer
Given,
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So,
m1 x L = m2 x c x change in temperature
17 × L = 40 × 4.2 × 34
17 × L = 5712
5712
⇒L=
17
⇒ L = 336 J g−1
Question 7
Answer
Given,
mw = 170 g = 0.17 kg
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mi = ?
Heat energy given out by water in lowering it's temperature from 50° C to 5° C
= m x c x change in temperature
= 0.17 x 4200 x (50 - 5)
= 0.17 x 4200 x 45
= 32,130
32130 = mi × 357000
32130
⇒ mi =
357000
⇒ mi = 0.09 Kg = 90 g
Question 8
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Answer
Given,
mass of ice = 10 g
mass of water = 10 g
Hence, Q1 = 210 J
Hence, Q2 = 3360 J
Hence, Q3 = 42 t
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t = −37.5°C
Hence, we can say that the whole of the ice did not melt.
= 10 × 4.2 × (10 – 0)
= 10 × 4.2 × 10 = 420 J
⇒ m = 0.625g
Question 9
Answer
Given,
mi = 40 g
mw = 200 g
Heat energy taken by ice when it converts from ice into water at 0° C
=mxL
= 40 × 336 J
= 13440 J
t = 28.330°C
Question 10
Answer
Given,
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mass of calorimeter mc = 50 g
mass of ice mi = ?
Heat energy gained by water from melted ice to reach from 0°C to 5°C (Q4)
= mi x c x change in temperature
= mi x 4.2 x (5 - 0)
= mi x 4.2 x 5
= mi x 21
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Q1 + Q2 = Q3 + Q4
17550 = mi × 351
17550
⇒ mi =
351
⇒ mi = 50g
Question 11
Answer
Given,
mcopper = 50 g
mwater = 250 g
Final temperature = 5° C.
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357 × mi = 26750
26750
⇒ mi =
357
⇒ mi = 74.93g
Question 12
Answer
Given,
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mi = 2 kg
mwater = ?
Since the whole block does not melt and only 2 kg of it melts, so final
temperature would be 0° C.
672000 = m × 420000
672000
m=
420000
m = 1.6kg
Question 13
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Calculate the total amount of heat energy required to convert 100 g of ice at
-10° C completely into water at 100° C. Specific heat capacity of ice = 2.1 J g-1
K-1, specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 J g-1 K-1, specific latent heat of ice =
336 J g-1.
Answer
Given,
m = 100 g
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Question 14
Answer
Given,
m = 1 kg
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As,
4,41,000 + L = 7,77,000
L = 7,77,000 – 4,41,000
L = 3,36,000 J kg-1
Question 15
Answer
Given,
mi = 200 g
mw = 200 g
Pi = Pw
Ei Ew
=
t1 t2
mi × L mw × cw × Δt
=
t1 t2
t2
5040
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5040
⇒ t2 =
336
⇒ t2 = 15s
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