College and Advance Algebra – Math

Abra State Institute of Sciences and

Technology
College of Teacher Education
Bangued Campus, Bangued, Abra

Subject: College and Advance Algebra

Code Math 101

Module 2

Name of Student: _________________________________________

Year and Section: ___________________________________________

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College and Advance Algebra – Math

ABRA STATE INSTITUTE OF SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY

VISION

ABRA STATE INSTITUTE OF SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY

VISION
A university that produces graduates who are academically competitive, locally
responsive and globally sustained.

MISSION
We are committed to be agents in the development of Abra through enhanced
instruction creative and innovative researches and projects for public and community
services towards globally competitive professionals who contribute to the realization of
a nation that enjoys strongly rooted comfortable and secure life.

GOALS
1. To produce quality graduates who are globally competitive.
2. To develop/generate new knowledge and verify client oriented technologies and other
solutions to development problems.
3. To disseminate and showcase client-responsive technologies and other solutions to
development problems towards an improved welfare of local communities.
4. To engage in viable income generating projects (IGP) to augment the finance of the
college.
5. To transform ASIST as a dynamic and responsive, learning and performing,
organization efficiently and effectively managing its resources.

CORE VALUES
N obility -learned and educated
E ntrepreneurship -productivity and self-reliance
W isdom -love of God
A ction -performance-focused
S incerity -high commitment to duty
I ntegrity -personal transformation
S ervice -client-orientation
T eamwork -coordinated group work

ASIST QUALITY POLICY

The Abra State Institute of Sciences and Technology, commits a continual
improvement of its system processes to ensure effective and efficient delivery of the
services towards sustained clientele satisfaction.

DEPARTMENT OBJECTIVES
DEPARTMENT GOALS
BACHELOR of SCIENCE in MATHEMATICS
The department of Mathematics 1. Prepare the students to undertake and value
and Natural Sciences aims to research works that require analytical
develop self-reliant, globally thinking skills.

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College and Advance Algebra – Math

competent and morally 2. Train the students with mathematical skills

conscious researchers and for pursuing a career in the academe.
technologists 3. Produce competent professional
mathematicians.
4. Value life, sustain the environment and
natural resources.
BACHELOR of SCIENCE in BIOLOGY
1. Prepare the students to undertake research
works in the various fields of Biology.
2. Equip the students with necessary
requirement for the admission to medical
and education and higher related course.
3. Value life, sustain the environment and
natural resources.

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College and Advance Algebra – Math

Dear BSED 1 students of College of Teacher Education,

Welcome to Module 3 of your College and Advance Algebra. This module

focuses on the understanding of the real numbers, algebraic expressions,
fundamental operations of algebraic expression, and algebraic fractions.

In this module, you will have the following lessons:

Lesson 1: Relation and Function

Lesson 2: Operation of functions
Lesson 3: Inverse of a Function
Lesson 4: Linear and Quadratic Functions

This module comprises lessons on the general concepts of integral and rational
exponents and radical equations. The same module utilizes outcome – based
education which applies the 3EC model.

The first part of each lesson will start with the “Let’s Explore” part. In this part
introduces the topic with surfacing of your prior knowledge.

The second part, the “Let’s Explain”, processes your prior knowledge through
thorough discussion with concrete examples.

Third is the “Let’s Evaluate” part. It is where you are given various exercises
where you can apply the concepts with some exercises.

At the end of the module, you are to accomplish the task which culminates all
concepts and skills acquired. A rubric will guide on how you are going to do the task.
This is called “Culminating Activity”.

Activities. All answers under Explore shall be treated as your class recitations. All
outputs under Evaluate are entered as your written works or performance task. Thus,
never leave any activity unanswered. And all outputs under “Culminating Activity”
shall be treated as your performance tasks.
1. Grading System. Your performance shall be evaluated using the following
grading system:
Written outputs/Performance/project = 55%
Examination = 40%

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College and Advance Algebra – Math

Attendance = 5%
TOTAL = 100%
2. Output Submission. Submission can be done on a given schedule. You can
always contact me through my Messenger for clarifications and questions.
TAKE NOTE: YOU WILL PASS THE ANSWER SHEET ONLY!

Good luck and enjoy learning!

At the end of module 6, you are expected to HAVE

DEMONSTRATED the following standard:

1. define relation and function and their graph;

2. differentiate relations from functions
3. determine the domain and range of a function
4. perform algebra of functions;
5. define the inverse of a function;
6. determine the inverse of a function
7. graph functions

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College and Advance Algebra – Math

At the end of the lesson, you will be able to…

➔ Illustrate relation and a function
➔ Differentiate relation and function
➔ Determine the domain and range of a function
➔ Evaluate functions

Draw a diagonal line to match the pairs that are related to one another. Any
item can be repeated.
Column A Column B

What is your basis in matching the pictures above? Explain.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________

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College and Advance Algebra – Math

Definition and Notation

Any association between two quantities is a relation. These quantities in the
relation are real numbers in general mathematics. A relation between two sets
exists when there is a clear rule that defines the relationship from the members of
one set to the members of the other set.

Functions in the Real world

A function is a special relationship where each input has single output. These are
mathematical building blocks for designing machines, predicting natural disasters,
producing chemical mixtures, curing diseases, understanding world economies, for keeping
airplanes in the air, and for determining product efficiency.

Examples:

Money as a function of time. Your financial situation is distinct at each specific

period. This is so that you can always add everything up to get a single total.
Businesses should plot a graph of their financial activity over time so they can identify
excessive expenditure. Similar to that, we can plot how much money will be available
at any given time to help us manage our spending.
Temperature as a function of various factors. Temperature is a very complex
function because it changes depending on many variables, including your location,
the time of day, the season, the amount of clouds in the sky, the force of the wind, etc.
However, when you measure it in a specific location, there is always only one
temperature output, making it a function.
Location as a function of time. Keep in mind that you can never be in two places at
once. The point where the lines cross indicates that the two persons meet at that time
if you were to plot the graphs of two people's locations as functions of time.
Area, perimeter, and volume of geometric objects as a function of their
dimensions. The area of a rectangle is equal to the product of the length and width,

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College and Advance Algebra – Math

the volume of a cylinder depends on its radius, and the perimeter of a square is four
times the size of one of its sides.

Definition: Function
A function is a relation in which every element x is assigned to a single element y.
In a function, no two ordered pairs have the same first entry.

Representations of Relation
Relation as a set of ordered pairs
Examples:
A = {(2, 5), (-3, 1), (0, -7), (-2, 6)}
B = {(3xy, w), (2x, y), (4xy, y), (2x, 3q)}
C = {(v, 5), (v, 6), (v, 8), (x, 4)}

A, B, and C shows the set of ordered pairs. The first element in an ordered
pair is called the domain or the x-values, while the second element is called the
range or the y-values. In these sets of ordered pairs, set A and B are functions, since
there is only one output from the three given inputs, but set C is not.

Relation as a correspondence
A function is a relation for which each value from the domain is associated with
exactly one value from the range. Functions can be either one to one or many to one.
We can illustrate the relationship of two sets using a mapping diagram. Consider two
sets X and Y where correspondence is defined:
a. One to many correspondence (function)

The values of x correspond to only one value in y, hence, the relation is a

function since it shows one-to-one correspondence.

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College and Advance Algebra – Math

b. One to many correspondence (not function)

The first value of x corresponds to two values of y, hence, the relation is

not a function since one value of x is repeated and shows a one-to-many
correspondence.
c. Many to one correspondence (function)

All values of x correspond to only one value of y, hence, the relation is a

function since it shows many-to-one correspondence.
d. Many-to-many correspondence (not function)

Relation as a graph.
If a relation can be expressed as a graph, we can simply use the vertical
line test to determine whether or not it is a function.

The Vertical Line Test

If a vertical line drawn through a graph of a relation intersects the graph in
exactly one point, the relation is a function. The vertical line test also implies that if

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any vertical line drawn through the graph of a relation intersects the relation in more
than one point, then the relation does not define y as a function of x. The vertical line
test can be demonstrated by graphing the ordered pairs from the relations.

Examples:

The first graph is a function since the vertical line drawn intersect the graph at
exactly one point, while the remaining two graphs are not a function since the vertical
line intersect the graphs in more than one point.

The Domain and Range of function

Any set of ordered pairs (x,y) is called a relation in x and y. Furthermore,
• The set of first components in the ordered pairs is called the domain of the
relation.
• The set of second components in the ordered pairs is called the range of the
relation.
Example 1. Find the domain and range of the relation linking the length of woman’s
femur to its height {(45.5, 65.5), (48.2, 68.0), (41.8, 62.2), (46.0, 66.0), (50.4, 70.0)}.
• Solution:
Domain: {45.5, 48.2, 41.8,46.0, 50.4, } Set of first coordinates
Range: { 65.5, 68.0, 62.2, 66.0, 70.0} Set of second
coordinates
Example 2. The x- and y-components that constitute the ordered pairs in a relation
do not need to be numerical. For example, the table below depicts five states in the
United States and the corresponding number of representatives in the House of
Representatives as of July 2005.

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State Number of
x Representatives
y
Alabama 7
California 53
Colorado 7
Florida 25
Kansas 4
• These data define a relation:
• {(𝐴𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑚𝑎, 7), (𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑎, 53), (𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜, 7), (𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑎, 25), (𝐾𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑎𝑠, 4)}
• Find the domain and range of the relation.
• Solution:
Domain: {𝐴𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑚𝑎, 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑎, 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜, 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑎, 𝐾𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑎𝑠} Set of first
coordinates
Range: { 7, 53, 25, 4} (Note: 7 element is not listed twice) Set of second
coordinates
Example 3. Find the domain and range of the relation:

• Solution:
Domain: {3,2, −7} Set of first coordinates
Range: { −9} Set of second
coordinates

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College and Advance Algebra – Math

Function Notation

Function Notation is the way a function is expressed. It is the way of giving

information about the function without a long-written explanation.
The function notation is given by
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦
which is usually read as “y is a function of x” or “f of x is y”

Examples:
1. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 4 𝑜𝑟 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 4
𝑥 3 −1 𝑥 3 −1
2. 𝑦 = 𝑜𝑟 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥+1 𝑥+1
3 3
3. 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 8 𝑜𝑟 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 8

We can evaluate the value of a function, 𝑓(𝑥) based on a given value of the
independent variable, say 𝑥. To evaluate f, we substitute the number for the place
holder. It means replacing the value of the variable in the function, in this case x, with
a value from the function’s domain and computing for the result.
Example 1: Let 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 − 𝟓. Evaluate each function value
a. 𝑓(−2) b. 𝑓(0) c. 𝑓(1/2)
Solution:
a. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 5
𝑓(−2) = 3(−2)2 + (−2) − 5 substitute the value of x to (-2)
𝑓(−2) = 3(4) + (−7) by using PEMDAS, perform the
exponent
𝑓(−2) = 12 + (−7) multiply 3 by 4
𝑓(−2) = 5 then subtract 12 to (-7) to get the final answer

b. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 5
𝑓(0) = 3(0)2 + (0) − 5 substitute the value of x to (0)

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College and Advance Algebra – Math

𝑓(0) = 3(0) + (0) − 5 by using PEMDAS, perform the

exponent
𝑓(0) = 0 + 0 − 5 Simplify
𝑓(0) = −5 final answer

c. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 5
1 1 2 1 1
𝑓 (2) = 3 (2) + 2 − 5 substitute the value of x to (2)
1 1 1
𝑓 (2) = 3 (4) + 2 − 5 by using PEMDAS, perform the
exponent
1 3 1
𝑓 (2) = 4 + 2 − 5 find the LCD and simplify
1 15
𝑓 (2) = − then subtract 12 to (-7) to get the final
4
1
Example 2: Given the function defined by 𝑔(𝑥) = 2 𝑥 − 1, find the function values
a.) g(0)
b.) g(2)
c.) g(4)
d.) g(-2)
Solution:
a.)
1
𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥−1
2
1
𝑔(0) = (0) − 1 Substitute 0 for x
2
𝑔(0) = 0−1
We say “ g of 0 is -1”
𝑔(0) = −1 In ordered pair we have: (0,-
1)

b.)
1
𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥−1
2

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1
𝑔(2) = (2) − 1 Substitute 2 for x
2
𝑔(2) = 1−1
We say “g of 2 is 0”
𝑔(2) = 0 In ordered pair we have:
(2,0)
c.)
1
𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥−1
2
1
𝑔(4) = (4) − 1 Substitute 4 for x
2
𝑔(4) = 2−1
We say “g of 4 is 1”
𝑔(4) = 1 In ordered pair we have:
(4,1)
d.)
1
𝑔(𝑥) =𝑥−1
2
1
𝑔(−2) = (−2) − 1 Substitute -2 for x
2
𝑔(−2) = −1 − 1
We say “g of -2 is -2”
𝑔(−2) = −2 In ordered pair we have: (-
2,-2)
Example 3: Evaluate 𝒇(𝟑𝒙 − 𝟏) 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏
Solution: 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 1
𝑓(3𝑥 − 1) = 2(3𝑥 − 1) + 1
= 6𝑥 − 2 + 1
= 6𝑥 − 1
Example 4. Given the functions defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 5, find
the function values
a.) f(t)
b.) g(w+4)

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c.) f(-t)

Solution:
a.)
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥
𝑓(𝑡) = (𝑡)2 − 2(𝑡) Substitute t for x
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑡 2 − 2𝑡 Simplify
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑡 2 − 2𝑡

b.)
𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 5
𝑔(𝑤 + 4) = 3(𝑤 + 4) + 5 Substitute t for x
𝑔(𝑤 + 4) = 3𝑤 + 12 + 5 Simplify
𝑔(𝑤 + 4) = 3𝑤 + 17
c.)
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥
𝑓(−𝑡) = (−𝑡)2 − 2(−𝑡) Substitute t for x
𝑓(−𝑡) = 𝑡 2 − (−2𝑡) Simplify
𝑓(−𝑡) = 𝑡 2 + 2𝑡

Domain of a function

The domain of a function is the set of all x which is the 1st coordinate of an
ordered pair in a function. This is often called as the set of all permissible values of x.

Range of a function

The range of a function is the set of all y which is the 2nd coordinate of an
ordered pair in a function. This is often called as the set of all resulting values of y.

Examples:

1. Give the domain and range of the function:

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1
𝒇(𝑥) =
𝑥−2

Domain: R – {2}
Range: R – {0}
2. What is the domain and range of the function,

𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 2 − 25
Domain: (−∞, −5] ∪ [5, ∞)

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Name: __________________________________________ Score: __________________

Course/Year: _________________________________ Rating: _________________

Problem set #7
A). Determine if the following relations are functions, draw a heart symbol ( )
if it is a function and a star ( ) if it is not. State the domain and range.
15 15 17 17
1.) {(1, −2}, (−2, 0), (−1, 2), (1, 3)} 3. {(17, 4 ) , ( 4 , 17) , (15, 4 ) , ( 4 , 15)}
Function: ____________________ Function: ____________________
Domain: ____________________ Domain: ____________________
Range: _____________________ Range: _____________________
2.) {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 5), (4, 10), (5, 15)}
Function: ____________________
Domain: ____________________
Range: _____________________

B). Express the following relations in a form of mapping diagram, write the domain
and range.
4.) {(−2, −1), (0,3), (5,4), (−2,3)}
Domain: ____________________
Range: _____________________

5.) {(−1,5), (0,3), (2,3), (3, −1)}

Domain: ___________________
Range: _____________________
C). Graph each function and identify the domain and range.
6. ) 𝑞(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2
Domain: ____________________
Range: ______________________
7. 𝑝(𝑥) = −2𝑥 2 + 1
Domain: ____________________
Range: ______________________

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D. Evaluate each of the following. Show your solution on your answer sheet.
1. 𝑤(𝑛) = 𝑛 − 5; 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑤(4) 4. ℎ(𝑛) = 3|𝑛 + 2|; 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 ℎ(5)

2. 𝑝(𝑥) = 4𝑥 − 2; 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑝(2) 5. ℎ(𝑥) = |−2𝑥 − 3| − 3; 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 ℎ(5)

3. ℎ(𝑥) = 3|2𝑥|; 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 ℎ(6)

4. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 7
Find
a. 𝑓(−3)

b. 𝑓(𝑥 + 2)

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At the end of the lesson, you will be able to…

➔ Perform the different operations of function.
➔ Solve composite functions.

Solve the problem below

You work forty hours a week at a furniture store. You receive a $220 weekly
salary, plus a 3% commission on sales over $5000. Assume that you sell enough this
week to get the commission. Given the functions f (x) = 0.03x and g(x) = x – 5000,
which of ( f o g)(x) and (g o f )(x) represents your commission?

Solution:

The operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of functions are

defined as follows.
If f and g are functions and x is a n element of the domain of each function, then
(𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)
(𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)
(𝑓 ∙ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) ∙ 𝑔(𝑥)

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𝑓 𝑓(𝑥)
(𝑔) (𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) , 𝑔(𝑥) ≠ 0

Example 1: Function f, g, and h are given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 − 4; 𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 1; ℎ(𝑥) =

2𝑥 − 3. Find the following:
a. (𝑔 + ℎ)(𝑥) c. (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥) e. (𝑓 ∙ 𝑔)(𝑥)
𝑓
b. (𝑔 ∙ ℎ)(𝑥) d. (𝑔) (𝑥) f. (𝑓 + 𝑔 + ℎ)(𝑥)

Solutions:
a. (𝑔 + ℎ)(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) + ℎ(𝑥)
(𝑔 + ℎ)(𝑥) = (3𝑥 + 1) + (2𝑥 − 3)
(𝑔 + ℎ)(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 1 + 2𝑥 − 3
(𝑔 + ℎ)(𝑥) = 5𝑥 − 2

b. (𝑔 ∙ ℎ)(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) ∙ ℎ(𝑥)

(𝑔 ∙ ℎ)(𝑥) = (3𝑥 + 1)(2𝑥 − 3)
(𝑔 ∙ ℎ)(𝑥) = 6𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 3
(𝑔 ∙ ℎ)(𝑥) = 6𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 − 3

c. (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)

(𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥) = (3𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 − 4) − (3𝑥 + 1)
(𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 − 4 − 3𝑥 − 1
(𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 − 5

𝑓 𝑓(𝑥)
d. (𝑔) (𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑓 3𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 − 4
( ) (𝑥) =
𝑔 3𝑥 + 1
𝑓 (3𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 4)
( ) (𝑥) =
𝑔 3𝑥 + 1
𝑓
( ) (𝑥) = 𝑥 − 4
𝑔

e. (𝑓 ∙ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) ∙ 𝑔(𝑥)

(𝑓 ∙ 𝑔)(𝑥) = (3𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 − 4) ∙ ( 3𝑥 + 1)
(𝑓 ∙ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 9𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 33𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 − 12𝑥 − 4
(𝑓 ∙ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 9𝑥 3 + 30𝑥 2 − 23𝑥 − 4

f. (𝑓 + 𝑔 + ℎ)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥) + ℎ(𝑥)

(𝑓 + 𝑔 + ℎ)(𝑥) = (3𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 − 4) + (3𝑥 + 1) + (2𝑥 − 3)
(𝑓 + 𝑔 + ℎ)(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 − 4 + 3𝑥 + 1 + 2𝑥 − 3
(𝑓 + 𝑔 + ℎ)(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 6

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Example 2: Let f and g be two functions defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 2 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 2.

Find the following.
𝑓
a. (𝑓 + 𝑔)(2) b. (𝑓 − 𝑔)(1) c. (𝑓 ∙ 𝑔)(−1) d. (𝑔) (3)

Solution:
a. (𝑓 + 𝑔)(2) = 𝑓(2) + 𝑔(2)
(𝑓 + 𝑔)(2) = (𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 2) + (𝑥 + 2)
(𝑓 + 𝑔)(2) = [22 + 3(2) + 2] + (2 + 2)
(𝑓 + 𝑔)(2) = 12 + 4
(𝑓 + 𝑔)(2) = 16

b. (𝑓 − 𝑔)(1) = 𝑓(1) − 𝑔(1)

(𝑓 − 𝑔)(1) = (𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 2) − (𝑥 + 2)
(𝑓 − 𝑔)(1) = [12 + 3(1) + 2] − (1 + 2)
(𝑓 − 𝑔)(1) = 6 − 3
(𝑓 − 𝑔)(1) = 3

c. (𝑓 ∙ 𝑔)(−1) = 𝑓(−1) ∙ 𝑔(−1)

(𝑓 ∙ 𝑔)(−1) = (𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 2)
(𝑓 ∙ 𝑔)(−1) = [−12 + 3(−1) + 2](−1 + 2)
(𝑓 ∙ 𝑔)(−1) = 0(1)
(𝑓 ∙ 𝑔)(−1) = 0

𝑓 𝑓(3)
d. (𝑔) (3) = 𝑔(3)
𝑓 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 2
( ) (3) =
𝑔 𝑥+2
2
𝑓 3 + 3(3) + 2
( ) (3) =
𝑔 3+2
𝑓 9+9+2
( ) (3) =
𝑔 5
𝑓 20
( ) (3) =
𝑔 5
𝑓
( ) (3) = 4
𝑔
Composition of function
Composition of function is another way of combining functions. This method of
combining functions uses the output of one function as the function as the input for a
second function.

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College and Advance Algebra – Math

In general, given functions f and g, the composite function, denoted by 𝑓 ° 𝑔

(read as “f composed of g”), is defined by (f ○ g)(x)= f[g(x)]. The domain of f ○ g is the set
of all numbers in the domain of g such that g(x) is in the domain of f.
Example 1: Suppose that 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 4 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 1. Find:
a. (𝑓 ○ 𝑔)(𝑥) c. (𝑓 ○ 𝑓)(𝑥)
b. (𝑔 ○ 𝑓)(𝑥) d. (𝑔 ○ 𝑔)(𝑥)
Solution:
a. (𝑓 ○ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓[𝑔(𝑥)] c. (𝑓 ○ 𝑓)(𝑥) = 𝑓[𝑓(𝑥)]
(𝑓 ○ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(2𝑥 − 1) (𝑓 ○ 𝑓)(𝑥) = 𝑓(3𝑥 + 4)
(𝑓 ○ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 3(2𝑥 − 1) + 4 (𝑓 ○ 𝑓)(𝑥) = 3(3𝑥 + 4) + 4
(𝑓 ○ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 6𝑥 − 3 + 4 (𝑓 ○ 𝑓)(𝑥) = 9𝑥 + 12 + 4
(𝑓 ○ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 6𝑥 + 1 (𝑓 ○ 𝑓)(𝑥) = 9x + 16

b. (𝑔 ○ 𝑓)(𝑥) = 𝑔[𝑓(𝑥)] d. (𝑔 ○ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑔[𝑔(𝑥)]

(𝑔 ○ 𝑓)(𝑥) = 𝑔(3𝑥 + 4) (𝑓 ○ 𝑓)(𝑥) = 𝑓(2x − 1)
(𝑔 ○ 𝑓)(𝑥) = 2(3𝑥 + 4) − 1 (𝑓 ○ 𝑓)(𝑥) = 2(2𝑥 − 1) − 1
(𝑔 ○ 𝑓)(𝑥) = 6𝑥 + 8 − 1 (𝑓 ○ 𝑓)(𝑥) = 4x − 2 − 1
(𝑔 ○ 𝑓)(𝑥) = 6𝑥 + 7 (𝑓 ○ 𝑓)(𝑥) = 4x − 3

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College and Advance Algebra – Math

Name: __________________________________________ Score: __________________

Course/Year: _________________________________ Rating: _________________

Problem Set #8

Solve the following and show your complete solution.

Given:
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 5 𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 1
ℎ(𝑥) = −|𝑥 − 1| 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 8

1. (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) 7. (ℎ ○ ℎ)(𝑥)

2. (ℎ − 𝑔)(𝑥) 8. (ℎ + 𝑔)(3)

3. (𝑝 × 𝑓)(𝑥)

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College and Advance Algebra – Math

4. (𝑔 ÷ 𝑝)(𝑥)

5. (𝑓 ○ 𝑔)(𝑥)

6. (ℎ ○ 𝑓)(𝑥)

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College and Advance Algebra – Math

At the end of the lesson, you will be able to…

➔ Illustrate inverse of a function
➔ Determine the inverse of a function
➔ Graph the inverse of a function

Represent the following ordered pairs below using a mapping diagram.

Answer the questions that follow.
1. {(1, 2), (3,5), (2, 4), (6, 10), (7, 9)} 2. {(a, b), (c, e), (b, g), (x,
y), (w, z)}

a. What are the domain and range of the set of ordered pairs?

b. What is the relationship between the domain and the range? Explain.

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College and Advance Algebra – Math

Recall that a function as a set of ordered pairs in which no two ordered pairs have
the same x have different y. meaning, in any given x, there is only one y that can be paired
with x. The function f from X to Y is called one-to-one if whatever f(a) = f(b), then a = b. No
element of y is the image of more than one element of X.

The figure below shows the relationship between a one – to – one function and
not

One-to-one not one-to-one

A function that is increasing or decreasing over its domain is a one-to-one function

Example 1: Find the inverse of the following functions:

a. (−2, −3), (−1, −1), (0,1), (1,3), (2, 5)
b. (0, −7), (1, −4), (2, −1), (3, 2), (4, 5)

Solution:

a. The inverse of the given function is determined by interchanging each ordered

pair, thus (−3, −2), (−1, −1), (1,0), (3,1), (5, 2)
b. The inverse of the function is (−7,0), (−4,1), (−1, 2), (2, 3), (5, 4)

A graph of a function is the graph of a one-to-one function if any horizontal line

intersects the graph at no more than one point.

HORIZONTAL LINE TEST

If every horizontal line intersects the graph of function f in at most one point, then
the function f is one-to-one

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College and Advance Algebra – Math

Example 2: Determine whether or not the graph represents the graph on one-to-one
function.

Solution:

Note that example (a), a horizontal line intersects the graph at more than o point,
therefore the graph is not a one-to-one function. On the other hand, example (b) and (c), are
graphs of a one-to-one function, since no more than one point, intersects the graph vertically
or horizontally.

Inverse of a one-to-one function

The inverse of function is a set of ordered pairs formed by reversing the coordinates
of each ordered pair of the function. The domain of the inverse function is the range of the
function, and the range of the inverse function is the domain of the function.

In symbol, domain of f = Range of f -1 and range of f = Domain of f -1

The composition of an inverse function states that if the inverse relation of a function
f is also a function, it is called the inverse function of f, denoted as f -1. A function and its
inverse are related by the following equations:

𝑓[𝑓 −1 (𝑥)] = 𝑥 for all values of x in the domain 𝑓 −1 and

𝑓 −1 [𝑓(𝑥)] = 𝑥 for all values of x in the domain of f.

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College and Advance Algebra – Math

Note:
▪ The graph of a functions f and f -1 are symmetric with respect to the line y = x
▪ A function f is one-to-one if and only if a ≠ b implies f(a) ≠ f(b) whenever a
and b are in the domain of function f.
▪ Not every function has its inverse.

To solve for the inverse of a one-to-one function we will be guided with the
following steps.

Steps in solving the inverse of a One-to-One Function

1. Replace f(x) by y.
2. Interchange x and y.
3. Solve for y in terms of x
4. Replace y with f -1(x)
5. Verify if f(x) and f -1(x) are inverses of each other

Example 1: The function f is one-to-one. Find the inverse and check the answer.
2
a. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 4 b. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥−7

Solution:
a. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 4
𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 4 Replace f(x) by y.
𝑥 = 2𝑦 + 4 Interchange x and y.
2𝑦 = 𝑥 − 4 solve for y
𝑥−4
𝑦= Divide both sides by 2
2
1 4
𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 2 Apply Partial fraction
1
𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 2 Simplify Rational expression
1
𝑓 −1 = 2 𝑥 − 2 Replace y with f -1(x)

Checking:
1
𝑓[𝑓 −1 (𝑥)] = 𝑓 (2 𝑥 − 2) 𝑓 −1 [𝑓(𝑥)] = 𝑓 −1 (2𝑥 + 4)
1 1
𝑓[𝑓 −1 (𝑥)] = 2 (2 𝑥 − 2) + 4 𝑓 −1 [𝑓(𝑥)] = 2 (2𝑥 + 4) − 2

𝑓[𝑓 −1 (𝑥)] = 𝑥 − 4 + 4 𝑓 −1 [𝑓(𝑥)] = 𝑥 + 2 − 2

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College and Advance Algebra – Math

𝑓[𝑓 −1 (𝑥)] = 𝑥 𝑓 −1 [𝑓(𝑥)] = 𝑥

Domain 𝑓 = 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑓 −1 = (−∞, ∞)
Range 𝑓 = 𝐷𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑓 −1 = (−∞, ∞)
Since the 𝑓[𝑓 −1 (𝑥)] = 𝑥 and 𝑓 −1 [𝑓(𝑥)] = 𝑥, therefore the inverse of the function
1
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 4 is 𝑓 −1 = 2 𝑥 − 2.

2
b. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥−7
2
𝑦 = 𝑥−7 Replace f(x) by y.
2
𝑥 = 𝑦−7 Interchange x and y.

𝑥(𝑦 − 7) = 2 Multiply both sides of the equation by x -

7
𝑥𝑦 − 7𝑥 = 2 solve for y
𝑥𝑦 = 7𝑥 + 2 divide both sides of the equation by x
7𝑥+2
𝑦= 𝑥
7𝑥+2
𝑓 −1 = Replace y with f -1(x)
𝑥

Checking:
7𝑥+2 2
[𝑓 −1 (𝑥)] = 𝑓 ( ) 𝑓 −1 [𝑓(𝑥)] = 𝑓 −1 (𝑥−7)
𝑥
2
2 7( )+2
−1 −1 [𝑓(𝑥)] 𝑥−7
𝑓[𝑓 (𝑥)] = 7𝑥+2 𝑓 = 2
−7 ( )
𝑥 𝑥−7

14+2𝑥−14
2 𝑥
𝑓[𝑓 −1 (𝑥)] = (7𝑥+2 ) (𝑥 ) 𝑓 −1 [𝑓(𝑥)] = 𝑥−7
2
−7
𝑥 𝑥−7

2𝑥 2 𝑥−7
𝑓[𝑓 −1 (𝑥)] = 𝑓 −1 [𝑓(𝑥)] = ( )( )
7𝑥+2−7𝑥 𝑥−7 2
2𝑥 2𝑥
𝑓[𝑓 −1 (𝑥)] = 𝑓 −1 [𝑓(𝑥)] =
2 2
−1 −1 [
𝑓 [𝑓 (𝑥)] = 𝑥 𝑓 𝑓(𝑥)] = 𝑥
Since the 𝑓[𝑓 −1 (𝑥)] = 𝑥 and 𝑓 −1 [𝑓(𝑥)] = 𝑥, therefore the inverse of the function
2 7𝑥+2
𝑓(𝑥) = is 𝑓 −1 = .
𝑥−7 𝑥

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Domain and range of inverse functions:

▪ The range of a function f(x) is the domain of the inverse f-1(x).
▪ The domain of f(x) is the range of f-1(x)

The outputs of the function f are the inputs to f-1, so the range of f is also the
domain of f-1. Likewise, because the inputs to f are the outputs of f-1. We can visualize the
situation.

Graphs of an inverse function

Inverse functions have graphs that are reflections over the line y = x and
thus have reversed ordered pairs.

Example: Sketch the graphs of f(x) = 2x2 and g( x )= x 2 for x≥0 and determine if they are
inverse functions.

Step 1: Sketch both graphs on the same coordinate grid.

Step 2: Draw line y = x and look for symmetry.

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If symmetry is not noticeable, functions are not

inverses. If symmetry is noticeable double check with Step 3.
In this case symmetry is apparent so proceed to Step
3.

Step 3: Compare the coordinates of at least four points to

see if the coordinates are reversed.

Since the four points selected show that the

coordinates of f(x) are inverses of the coordinates of g(x)
the functions are inverse functions.

Book/s:
Ulpina et. al., (2015), “Math Builders 9. JO-ES Publishing House Inc. Dalandan,
Valenzuela, Philippines

Nivera, Gladys (2013). “Grade 9 Mathematics”. SalesianaBOOKS Don Bosco Press,

Inc, Makati City, Philippines

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Website/s
https://www.learningpersonalized.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Unit-1-
Performance-Task-Google-Docs.pdf

Dividing Radical Expressions.ks-ia1 (kutasoftware.com)

Adding Subtracting Multiplying Radicals.pdf

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