HUM 1- ART APPRECIATION REVIEWER

PHILIPPINE PRIMITIVE ART

The Philippines, once a colony of
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF ART Spain, the U.S, and Japan,
experienced the decline and
PREHISTORIC ART (CAVE ART)
destruction of its ancient customs
- refers to all artworks produced by
due to the influence of conquering
ancient men before any preconceived
nations. Recent findings reveal a
culture
civilization with a writing system and
sophisticated tools before the first
Cave painting or petrograph
invaders.
- refers to any parietal art, which
involves the application of color
Cave painting
pigments on the walls, floors, or
The Angono Petroglyps Site Museum
ceilings of ancient rock dwellings
in Binangonan, Rizal, was discovered
inhabited by prehistoric man.
by National Artist Carlos "Botong"
Francisco in 1965. The site,
Monochrome cave painting
containing primitive drawings, was
- are images with only one color
later recognized as a National
Cultural Treasure by Presidential
Polychrome cave painting
Decree No. 260. The museum
- has two or more colors
showcases Rizal's cultural and
artistic heritage.
Cave drawing or petroglyps
- refer to an engraved drawing that is
There are two kinds of Petrographs:
etched or done by cutting lines on
(a) charcoal drawings on cave walls
rock surface with a sharp object
in Peñablanca, Cagayan Province, and
probably a flint or stone tool
the Singnapan Caves in southern
Palawan
Paleolithic Period (Old Stone Age)
(b) red hematite prints in Anda
- was the time when primitive cave
Peninsula, Bohol province. The dating
artworks were created with the use of
of these is still undetermined.
primitive stone tools by primitive
men.
Burial Jars
- represented by the naturalistic
The Manunggul Cave in Lipuun Point,
images of prey animals and the men
Palawan, houses a secondary burial
that hunted them.
jar, a national cultural treasure,
crafted by a skilled potter. The jar
Neolithic Period (New Stone Age)
features a boat with two human
- happened when man began to
figures, symbolizing early Filipino
develop culture and change his
beliefs in life after death. The
lifestyle.
earthenware pots in Ayub Cave, Pinol,
- the designs used on clay pots were
demonstrate high craftmanship from
commonly derived from plant and
the Metal Age.
animal forms.
CLASSICAL PERIOD
- is a general term describing the long Types of Medieval Art:
period of time in cultural history when 1.Illuminated Manuscripts
the Mediterranean Sea was the Illuminated
center. - comes from the Latin word
illuminare, meaning adorn, or
Greek Art illuminate
- defined as the embellishment of a
Roman Art manuscript with luminous colors
(especially gold).
MEDIEVAL PERIOD
- all works of art were commissioned Illuminators
by religious authorities (for churches/ - artists who produced the luxurious
monasteries) or secular leaders (for artwork on illuminated manuscripts
public edification), and most were
actually made by monks. 2. Metalwork
- Metals with great luster, such as
Medieval Architecture gold, silver and bronze were
- refers to architectural styles in frequently used as mediums in the
medieval Europe during the middle creation of religious artifacts.
ages. - transformed these beautiful metals
- was predominantly related to the into objects of adornment for the
construction of sacred buildings church.

Romanesque Architecture Silversmiths and Goldsmiths

- was known by its massive quality, - Fine artists who used precious
thick walls, round arches, sturdy metals and produced new forms of
pillars, barrel vaults, large towers, jewelry
and decorative arcading.
- was ecclesiastical in nature. 3. Paintings
- was defined by important churches Fresco
and monastic buildings. - a type of painting commonly done on
walls or ceilings applied with plaster.
Gothic Architecture Panel Painting
- It was the new style in architecture - a type of painting done on a single or
and design referred to as the French several pieces of wood board known
style. as a panel.
- was light, graceful, and mostly 4. Embroidery
spacious in nature. Bayeux Tapestry
- an embroidery made of colored wool
Byzantine Architecture used to embroider
- was characterized by massive include artworks in iconography,
domes with square bases and fresco, important scenes.
rounded arches and spires and much
use of glass mosaics. 5. Ceramic
- done handmade and not wheel- - It comes from the Italian
turned, producing common cooking Rinascimento, "Re" meaning ;"again"
ware such as pots, jars, pitchers, and and nascere meaning "be born".
crucibles. - Its influence altered literature,
philosophy, art, politics, science,
6. Mosaics religion, and the other aspects of
- the use of broken pieces of colored intellectual investigation.
glass, rock, or any other material.
 Early Renaissance
7. Sculptures variety of factors in the social and
- Gothic sculpture emerged from the civic customs of Florence at the time
early rigid, inflexible, and elongated such as:
style, more naturalistic style. the political structure
the patronage of its ruling family
8. Stained Glass the Medici
- was displayed to the windows of the migration of Greek scholars
Medieval churches, cathedrals, and texts to Italy following the Fall of
castles. Constantinople at the hands of the
- type of pictorial art that survived the Ottoman Turks
Medieval era of the Middle Ages. - been centered on Florence and paid
- makes use of fragmented pieces of for
glass set to look like an image or a
picture. Classical artistic principles:
Harmonious proportion
9. Heraldry Realistic expression
- is the art and custom of creating Rational postures
coats of arms and badges of the
nobles. - During this period two artistic
regions of Western Europe were
Famous Medieval Artists particularly active: Flanders and Italy.
• Donatello
• Giotto  High Renaissance Period
• Leon Battista Alberti - was between the span of the four
• Cimabue decades from 1490 to the destruction
• Filippo of Rome in 1527.
• Brunelleschi - represents the accepted peak or
• Fra Angelico summit
• Lorenzo Ghiberti - centered on Rome and paid for by
the Pontiff
RENAISSANCE PERIOD - artist wanted beauty and harmony
- "Renaissance" is from the same more than realism
French word, meaning "rebirth" or - that emphasizes proportion, balance,
"revival" and ideal beauty,
Techniques involving: - compositional tension and instability
linear perspective rather than the balance
vanishing points - unnatural display of emotions,
foreshortening unproportionate human figures,
illusionistic devices unnatural poses and uncommon
chiaroscuro effects of scale
sfumato shading
Mannerist Painters
Best well known masterpieces of Among the finest Mannerist Artists
High Renaissance painting include: were:
Michelangelo's Genesis Michelangelo (1475-1564), noted for
Sistine Chapel frescoes his Sistine Chapel frescoes, such as
Leonardo's Virgin of the Rocks (1484- The Last Judgement (1536-41)
6, Louvre, Paris)
Lady with an Ermine (1490) Correggio (1489-1534), known for his
Cartoryski Museum sentimental narrative paintings and
Krakow the first to portray light radiating from
Last Supper (1495-8, Santa Maria the child Christ; Andrea del Sarto's
delle Grazie, Milan) two pupils Jacopo da Pontormo (1494-
Mona Lisa (1503-5, Louvre) 1556)
Raphael's Sistine Madonna (1513
Transfiguration (1518-20 Rosso Fiorentino (1494-1540)
Portrait of Baldassare Castiglione
(1514- 15) Parmigianino (1503-40) the influential
School of Athens (1509-11) in the master draftsman and portraitist from
Raphael Rooms in the Vatican Parma
Titian's Assumption of the Virgin
(1518, S. Maria Gloriosa dei Frari). Agnolo Bronzino - (1503-72), noted for
his allegorical masterpiece known as
The best High Renaissance sculpture An Allegory with Venus and Cupid
included: (1540-50)
Pieta (1500, St Peter's, Rome)
David by Michelangelo (1501-4, National Gallery, London.
originally located in the Piazza della
Signoria, Florence, now in the city's BAROQUE PERIOD
Academy of Arts). - Baroque was taken from the
Portuguese barocco meaning,
 Mannerism or Late Renaissance irregular pearl or stone
- Mannerism is derived from the - showed the religious conflicts of the
Italian maniera, meaning "style" or age.
"manner." - defines something that is
- covers a variety of approaches extravagant or intricate and highly
influenced by and reacting to detailed
- known for its intellectual superiority - was associated closely with the
as well as its artificial qualities. Catholic Church.
 the Englishman John Flaxman (1755-
ROCOCO PERIOD or late Baroque 1826) who also designed Jasperware
- Rococo is a hybrid word combining for Wedgwood
both "rocaille" (French for "shell") and the Danish artist Bertel Thorvaldsen
"barocco", Italian for Baroque (1770-1844) known for his Jason with
- broadly featured shell-shaped curves the Golden Fleece (1802-3,
and wavelike motifs, particularly in its Thorvaldsen Museum
extravagant furniture design and
interior décor. ROMANTICISM
- emphasized more the attention to - strongly placed emphasis on
detail, ornamentation and use of emotion and individualism
bright colors. As well as glorification of the past
- Jean Antoine Watteau was the and of nature.
father of the Rococo art - a dark nature best characterized by
I the paintings:
NEOCLASSICAL ART
- This movement aspired to save and IMPRESSIONISM
resurrect the aesthetic and cultural - was created by Claude Monet
values of the Greco-Roman - the first modern movement in
civilization. painting
- use of cool colors in paintings and - Impressionists relaxed their
the removal of perspectives were brushwork and included pure, intense
widely used resources. colors
- It gives importance to simplicity and - Salon des Refusés ("Salon of the
aesthetic purity Refused") was formed to allow the
exhibition of works by artists who had
Famous artists of Neoclassicism previously been refused entrance to
included: the official salon.
the German portraitist and historical - no fix subject matter
painter Anton Raphael Mengs (1728-
79) Some of the exhibitors were Paul
the Frenchman Joseph-Marie Cézanne, Camille Pissarro, James
Vien(1716-1809) Whistler, and Edouard Manet.
the Italian portrait painter Pompeo Some of the best-known artists of the
Batoni (1708-87) time were Renoir, Sisley, Monet,
the Swiss painter Angelica Kauffmann Degas, Cézanne, and Pissarro.
(1741-1807)
the French political artist Jacques- POST-IMPRESSIONISM
Louis David (1748-1825) - is a French art movement that
developed roughly between
Well-known neoclassical sculptors 1886 and 1905.
included - rejected the idea that the main focus
Antonio Canova (1757-1822) who of the artwork should be on the
sculpted for Popes and Napoleon opticality of the creation.
- focused on the emotional, structural, FAUVISM
symbolic, and spiritual elements - created bright cheery landscapes
- Paul Cézanne (known as father of and figure paintings with pure intense
Post-impressionism) color and bold distinctive brushwork.

POINTILLISM EXPRESSIONISM
- used only small dots of pure color to - was a modernist movement
make an entire composition. - Its conventional trait was to show
- placed in close proximity to one the world solely from a subjective
another that would blur into an image perspective, distorting it radically for
to the eye. emotional effect to evoke moods or
- developed by painters George ideas.
Seurat and Paul Signac. - achieves his goal by distortion,
- The smaller the dots, the clearer the exaggeration, primitivism, and
painting fantasy and through the vivid, violent,
dynamic application of formal
ART NOUVEAU elements.
- was practiced in the fields of art,
architecture, and applied art. CUBISM
- French term meaning "new art" - flattened, nearly two-dimensional
- described by organic and plant appearance; an inclusion of geometric
motifs as well as any other highly angles, lines, and shapes; and a fairly
stylized forms neutral color.
- Cubist paintings were not meant to
The greatest graphic artist of the Art be realistic
Nouveau movement were the French - the artist would piece together
lithographer Jules Cheret (1836-1932) fragments of the subject from
and the Czech lithographer and different vantage points into one
designer Alphonse Mucha (1860- painting.
1939). Emile Galle of France and - The most renowned Cubists were
Louis Comfort Tiffany of the United probably Picasso and Braque
States were famous for their colorful
Art Nouveau glassware, English DADAISM or Dada
artists Aubrey Beardsley and Walter - was a form of artistic anarchy born
Crane, for their wonderful Art out of hatred for the social, political,
Nouveau drawings. and cultural values of the time.
- It embraced elements of art, music,
SYMBOLISM poetry, theater, dance, and politics.
- represents a mixture of form and - "dada", a colloquial French term for
feeling, of reality and the artist's inner a hobby horse.
subjectivity. SURREALISM
- the subjective vision of an artist - studied the operation of the mind,
expressed through a simplified and advocating the illogical, the
non-naturalistic style imaginative, and the radical.
- "surreal" is often used loosely to
mean simply 'strange' or Op Art “Optical Art”
'dreamlike. The word surrealist' - was an international artistic
(suggesting "beyond reality") movement in the 1960s that gave a
- artists used involuntary or new form of abstraction that played
unconscious drawing or writing to with the viewer's visual perception.
open ideas and images from their - French-Hungarian artist Victor
unconscious minds, and others tried Vasarely, considered the
to describe dream worlds "grandfather" of Op Art

ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM PHOTOREALISM

- the name that applies to new forms - was based on artists that mostly
of abstract art created relied on photographs to make an
- described by gestural brush-strokes artwork.
or mark-making and had the - The artists projected photographs
impression of spontaneity. onto a canvas to be captured with
precision and accuracy with the aid of
CONSTRUCTIVISM an airbrush.
- Constructivist art is dedicated to
complete abstraction with a liking to MINIMALISM
modernity, where subjects were often - often made of geometric shapes in
geometric, experimental and rarely simple arrangements and without any
emotional. decorative or dynamic displays.
- subjects were always minimal and - The geometric shapes defined the
where the artwork was broken down elemental or "bare bones"
to its most basic elements.
CONCEPTUAL ART
DE STIJL - put emphasis upon the concept or
- Dutch for "The Style" idea, and ignored the actual physical
- movement suggested simplicity and appearance of the work.
abstraction through which the artists
could express a perfect idea of INSTALLATION ART
harmony and order. - a relatively new type of
contemporary art, applied by an
POP ART "popular art" increasing number of postmodernist
- showcased common household artists, which involves the
objects and consumer products, like "installation" of objects in a space,
Coca-Cola and Campbell's Soup cans, such as a room or warehouse.
as well as widely diverse forms of - engage several of the viewer's
media, such as comics, newspapers, senses, including touch, sound, and
and magazines. smell, as well as vision.
- They turned instead to sources, such - shaped by developments in
as Hollywood movies, advertising, computer art, such as software
product packaging, pop music and advancements in video
comic books for their imagery.
PERFORMANCE ART
- refers to artworks that are produced
through actions performed by the
artist or any other participants, which
may be live or recorded, spontaneous
or scripted.