Glossary anticlockwise. area associative law average axes axis bar chart bimodal bisect brackets turning in the opposite direction to the hands of a clock the size a surface covers. It is measured in square units, such as square metres (m?) and square centimetres (cm’). when more than two numbers are added or multiplied, you can do the calculations in any order. For example: B+3+4=8434+4 5x2x3=5x2%x3 NV 11+4=8+7 10x3 15 = 15 30 = 30 @ measure used to find the middle or most typical value inaset of data plural of axis a number line drawn on a coordinate grid and labelled either xor y. The x-axis is horizontal and the y-axis is vertical. a graph representing data using bars so that quar ‘and number can be easily compared a set of data that has two modes cut exactly in half @ pair of symbols () used to enclose sections of a mathematical expression. For example: 5x6 0 1 2+7isa mathematical expression ' 4x (2+7) =4x9=36 Vi a pair of symbols The part in the brackets is calculated first. 242 100 224 39 231 231 205 39 65 224 253 >capacity centre centre of rotation circumference clockwise common denominator: common factor common multiple commutative law compasses compose numbers compound shape constant corresponding vertices cube number data the maximum amount that a container can hold middle point of the circle the point about which a shape is rotated perimeter of a circle tuming in the same direction as the hands of a clock a. common multiple of the denominator of two or more fractions. For example, 9 is a common denominator for and 3 and 32 is a common denominator for 3 and + a whole number that divides two or more numbers exactly. Examples: 3 is a common factor of 6, 9 and 12, 4s a. common factor of 8 and 12. a multiple that is shared by two or more numbers. For example, 12 is a common multiple of 2, 3, 4. and 6. when two numbers are added or multiplied, you can do the calculation in any order. For example: 7+42447=11and7x5=5x7=35 n instrument used to draw circles put a number together from its parts (hundreds, tens and ones). For example 600 + 30 + 2 = 632. a shape made up of simpler shapes quantity that has a fixed value that does not change corresponding vertices are vertices that are in the same position on the shape before and after a transformation a number you get when you multiply an integer by itself and by itself again. For example, 2? = 2 x 2x 2 = 8. 8is a cube number. a collection of information often gathered by observation, questioning or measurement 155 72 242 72 242 118 30 30 224 72 12 149 56 234, 242 27 205decimal number decimal place decimal point decompose denominator diagonal diagonal mirror line diameter digit direct proportion ‘a number written in decimal notation, for example 34.518 the position of a digit to the right of the decimal point in a decimal number, the number 45.674 has three decimal places the decimal point separates whole numbers from decimal places 10 a fos 001 | 0.001 742 5 a 2 you read 57.082 as ‘fifty-seven point zero eight two! break down a number into its parts (hundreds, tens and ones). For example, 456 is 400 + 50 + 6. the bottom number of a fraction. It tells you how many equal parts a shape or quantity has been divided into. For example, in . the denominator is 3. line that joins opposite vertices (corners) of @ quadrilateral, a pentagon, a hexagon, etc. @ mirror line which is not horizontal or vertical line joining two points on the circumference that goes through the centre of the circle a symbol used to write a number. The decimal system uses ten digits: 0, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 direct proportion is the relationship between two variables whose ratio remains constant. As the first variable increases (decreases) the second variable increases * (decreases) for example, if you buy more apples you pay more money. 115, 196 115, 196 12, 196 12 118, 192 65 238 72 12 169 255 >distributive law dividend divisible divisor dot plot divisibility test equally likely outcomes equilateral triangle equivalent fractions when two numbers are multiplied, you can break the multiplication fact into a sum of two other multiplication facts. For example: 164 ean 3 10x4=40 + 6x4=26 ee the number being divided. For example: 31+3=10r1 dividend can be divided without a remainder. For example, 108 is divisible by 3. a number by which another number is divided, for example: 30+3=10 divisor : a graph representing data using a dot to show the frequency of each number or category a test for finding whether one whole number is divisible by another. For example, a number can be divided by 4 if the number made by the last two digits (tens and ones) is divisible by 4, and divisible by 8 if the number made by the last three digits (hundreds, tens and ones) is divisible by 8. ‘outcomes with the same probability as each other {a triangle in which all the sides are equal in length and so all the angles are equal in size : , 2 fractions that are equal in value. For example, 7 and : ore equivalent. 224 139, 200 143 139, 200 205 143 124 184 93equivalent ratios are equal in value. For example, 1:2 iis equivalent to 2: 4 and 4 : 8. They are formed by multiplying or dividing their terms by the same number, for example: 1:2 4:8 x2 x22 2 2:4 24 12 x2 42 2 4:8 2 a set of some possible outcomes. An event can have one ‘outcome or more than one outcome. a whole number that divides exactly into another number. For example, 2 x 3 = 6 so 2 and 3 are factors of 6. graph that shows groups of data in vertical bars one part in one hundred equal parts. As a decimal it is written as 0.01. a fraction greater than or equal to one whole. The numerator is greater than or equal to the denominator. For example, 2 (five-thirds). a positive or negative number or zero but not a decimal or fraction «a triangle in which two sides are equal in length and so the opposite two angles are equal in size give a reason a graph joining data points with a line. It often shows changes over time. the average of a set of data, calculated by adding up all the values and dividing by the number of values the middle value in an ordered set of data a whole number and a proper fraction combined. For example, @ the value that occurs most often in a set of data the result of multiplying a number by a positive whole number. 166 124 30, 143 213 12 86 51 184 65 213 39 39 86 39 30, 143 257 >258 > events that cannot happen at the same time, for example, it is not possible to roll a ‘5’ and roll a ‘2' on the same dice at the same time closest to a number that is less than zero. We use a - sign to show a negative number. 10 Tegative numbers | positive numbers 10 the top number of a fraction. It tells you how many parts you have. you can use a fraction as an operator to find a fraction of an amount. For example, to find 3 of something, you either divide by 4 and then multiply by 3 or multiply by 3 and then divide by 4. (of rotational symmetry) is the number of times the shape looks the same in one full turn the order in which mathematical operations should be done: brackets multiplication and division addition and subtraction the result of one trial in a probability experiment lines that do not meet, they always stay the same distance apart ‘the number of parts out of every hundred the number of parts out of a hundred. The symbol is %. a chart representing data using a divided circle where each section represents part of the total in proportion to other categories 124 16 51 86, 192 86, 89, 192 78 224 124 65 89 89 205place value the value of a digit determined by its position. For example, in 830.467 the 7 has a value of 7 thousandths (0.007). wo | 0 | + $01 | om | oon [2 | o peau ease 2 jon-to- the rule that defines the value of each term with ule respect to its position. For example, for the sequence 6, 12, 18, 24, the position-to-term rule is position number times 6. Position | Term 1 6 D 12 3 18 4 24 2 positive a number that is greater than zero -10 0 10 negative numbers | positive numbers 51 prism 3D shape with two parallel identical faces All the other faces are rectangles. 149 probability the chance that a particular outcome will occur, measured 28 a ratio of the total of possible outcomes 124 probability aq situation where a number of trials are carried out to experiment explore the probability of something happening 124 product the answer when two or more numbers are multiplied, together. For example, the product of 3 and 5is 15 135, because 3 x 5 = 15 196 «@ fraction smaller than one whole. The numerator is ee smaller than the denominator. For example, z 192 259 >260 > a portion or part of a whole when compared to the whole. We say ‘1 in every 4 squares is grey’ or ‘1 out of every four squares is grey’. an instrument used for measuring angles the result of a division 31+3=10r1 4 quotient plural of radius line joining the centre to the circumference of a circle the difference between the lowest and highest values in a set of data ‘a comparison between two or more quantities. Ratio compares part to part. We say, ‘for every 1 grey square, there are 3 white squares’. the amount left over after dividing a number 3123=10r1 remainder change the way a number is written. For example, 56.4 = 50 + 6 + 0.4, but you can change this to 50 +5 + 1.4. turning a shape around a fixed point when a shape can be rotated about a point to another position and still look the same change a number to a simpler value when an accurate answer is not needed a triangle in which all the sides are different lengths and all the angles are different sizes 169 178 139, 200 72 a 39 166 139 12 242 78 16 184a graph used for 2 sets of data to see if there is a relationship between them a fraction where the numerator and denominator cannot be reduced any further to give an equivalent fraction. For example, 3 is the simplest form of S. a ratio where the terms cannot be reduced any further by dividing them by the same number. For example, 4: 5 is the simplest form of 16 : 20. 16 : 20. a a 8:10 42 2 4:5 reduce the numerator and denominator of a fraction to smaller numbers. This can be done in a series of steps, for example: 242 laa 2a pee! Sd 2 2 a number you get when you multiply an integer by itself. For example, 16 is a square number. 4x4=4?=16 Cor) the total area of the faces of a 3D shape ‘one part in ten equal parts. As a decimal it is written as 0.1. part of a sequence separated by commas. For example, in the sequence 6, 12, 18, 24, .. the second term is 12. a rule you can use to find the next number in the sequence. For example, in the sequence 6, 12, 18, 24, .. the term-to-term rule is ‘add 6 to the previous term’. 213 SS 166 166 93 27 149 12 22 22 261 >262 > translate trapezia unit fraction variable nn diagram volume waffle diagram one part in one thousand equal parts. As a decimal it is written as 0.001. to move a shape a number of units left or right and up or down plural of trapezium dee 1 a fraction with a numerator of 1, for example > ore _ a@quantity that can change to take on different values. A variable can be represented by any letter of the alphabet. ‘a diagram using hoops to sort items such as objects, shapes or numbers. It can show the relationship between sets of items. the amount of space taken up by an object, liquid or gas a diagram representing data using a divided rectangle where each section represents part of the total in proportion to the other categories 12 231 65 192 143 155 205