Victorian Certificate of Education

Year

MATHEMATICAL METHODS
Written examinations 1 and 2

FORMULA SHEET

Instructions

This formula sheet is provided for your reference.

Students are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other unauthorised electronic
devices into the examination room.

© VICTORIAN CURRICULUM AND ASSESSMENT AUTHORITY 2023

Mathematical Methods formulas

Mensuration

area of a trapezium  
1 ab h
volume of a pyramid
1
Ah
2 3
curved surface area 4 3
2π rh volume of a sphere πr
of a cylinder 3
1
volume of a cylinder π r 2h area of a triangle bc sin  A 
2
1 2
volume of a cone πr h
3

Calculus
d n
dx
 
x  nx n  1
 x dx  n  1 x
n 1 n 1
 c, n  1

d
dx
 
(ax  b) n  an  ax  b 
n 1
 (ax  b) dx  a(n  1) (ax  b)
n 1 n 1
 c, n   1

d ax 1 ax
dx
 
e  ae ax
e
ax
dx 
a
e c

d

1 1
 log e ( x)   x x
dx  log e ( x)  c, x  0
dx
d
 sin (ax)dx   a cos (ax)  c
1
 sin (ax)   a cos (ax)
dx
d
 cos (ax)dx  a sin (ax)  c
1
 cos (ax)  =  a sin (ax)
dx
d a
 tan (ax)  = 2  a sec 2 (ax)
dx cos (ax)
du dv
d dv du vu
product rule  uv   u  v quotient rule d u dx dx
dx dx dx   2
dx  v  v
dy dy du Newton’s f  xn 
chain rule = xn  1  xn 
dx du dx method f   xn 

trapezium rule xn  x0
Area   f ( x )  2 f ( x )  2 f ( x )    2 f ( x )  2 f ( x )  f ( x )
approximation 2n  0 1 2 n2 n 1 n 
 3 MM FORMULA SHEET

Probability

Pr(A) = 1 – Pr(A′) Pr(A ∪ B) = Pr(A) + Pr(B) – Pr(A ∩ B)

Pr  A  B 
Pr(A|B) =
Pr  B 

mean µ = E(X) variance var(X) = σ 2 = E((X – µ)2) = E(X 2) – µ2

binomial n n!
coefficient  x   x !(n  x)!
 

Probability distribution Mean Variance

discrete Pr(X = x) = p(x) µ = ∑ x p(x) σ 2 = ∑ (x – µ)2 p(x)

n
binomial Pr( X  x)    p x (1  p ) n  x μ = np σ 2 = np (1 − p)
 x
b  
continuous Pr(a  X  b) 
a
f ( x)dx 
 
x f ( x)dx 2 

( x   ) 2 f ( x)dx

Sample proportions
X
P̂ = mean E(P̂ ) = p
n
approximate
standard ˆ) = p (1 − p ) 
 ˆp − z
ˆp (1 − ˆp ) , p + z ˆp (1 − ˆp ) 
deviation
sd ( P
n
confidence
 n
ˆ n 
interval  

END OF FORMULA SHEET