Physics By: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

HITEN PARMAR ENGINEERING AND MEDICAL ENTRANCE

7737003227; 7891333227 THERMODYMNAMICS

First Law of Thermodynamics (Q = U + W)

1. First law of thermnodynamics is given by

(a) dQ  dU  PdV (b) dQ  dU  PdV (c) dQ  (dU  dV ) P (d) dQ  PdU  dV
2. The internal energy of an ideal gas depends upon
(a) Specific volume (b) Pressure (c)Temperature (d) Density
3. In changing the state of thermodynamics from A to B state, the heat required is Q and the work done by
the system is W. The change in its internal energy is
Q W
(a) Q + W (b) Q – W (c) Q (d)
2
4. Heat given to a system is 35 joules and work done by the system is 15 joules. The change in the internal
energy of the system will be
(a) – 50 J (b) 20 J (c) 30 J (d) 50 J
5. The temperature of an ideal gas is kept constant as it expands. The gas does external work. During this
process, the internal energy of the gas
(a) Decreases (b) Increases (c) Remains constant (d) Depends on the molecular motion
6. The first law of thermodynamics is concerned with the conservation of
(a) Momentum (b) Energy (c) Mass (d) Temperature
7. A thermodynamic system goes from states (i) P1 , V to 2P1 , V (ii) P, V to P, 2V. Then work done in the two
cases is
(a) Zero, Zero (b) Zero, PV1 (c) PV1 , Zero (d) PV1 , P1V1
8. If the amount of heat given to a system be 35 joules and the amount of work done by the system be 15
joules, then the change in the internal energy of the system is
(a) 50 joules (b) 20 joules (c)30 joules (d) 50 joules
9. A system is given 300 calories of heat and it does 600 joules of work. How much does the internal energy
of the system change in this process (J = 4.18 joules/cal)
(a) 654 Joule (b) 156.5 Joule (c)– 300 Joule (d) – 528.2 Joule
10. Work done on or by a gas, in general depends upon the
(a) Initial state only (b) Final state only
(c) Both initial and final states only (d)Initial state, final state and the path
11. If R = universal gas constant, the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 2 mole of an ideal
monoatomic gas from 273K to 373K when no work is done
(a) 100 R (b) 150 R (c) 300 R (d) 500 R
12. Find the change in internal energy of the system when a system absorbs 2 kilocalorie of heat and at the
same time does 500 joule of work
(a) 7900 J (b) 8200 J (c)5600 J (d) 6400 J
13. A system performs work W when an amount of heat is Q added to the system, the corresponding change
in the internal energy is U . A unique function of the initial and final states (irrespective of the mode of
change) is (a) Q (b) W (c) U and Q (d) U
14. A container of volume 1m is divided into two equal compartments by a partition. One of these
3

compartments contains an ideal gas at 300 K. The other compartment is vacuum. The whole system is
thermally isolated from its surroundings. The partition is removed and the gas expands to occupy the whole
volume of the container. Its temperature now would be
(a) 300 K (b) 239 K (c) 200 K (d) 100 K
15. 110 J of heat is added to a gaseous system, whose internal energy change is 40 J, then the amount of
external work done is
(a) 150 J (b) 70 J (c) 110 J (d) 40 J
16. Which of the following is not thermodynamical function
(a) Enthalpy (b) Work done (c)Gibb's energy (d) Internal energy
17. When the amount of work done is 333 cal and change in internal energy is 167 cal, then the heat supplied
is (a) 166 cal (b) 333 cal (c)500 cal (d) 400 cal
18. First law thermodynamics states that
(a) System can do work (b)System has temperature
(c) System has pressure (d)Heat is a form of energy
19. A thermo-dynamical system is changed from state (P1 , V1 ) to (P2 , V2 ) by two different process. The quantity
which will remain same will be
(a)  Q (b)  W (c) Q  W (d) Q  W
20. In thermodynamic process, 200 Joules of heat is given to a gas and 100 Joules of work is also done on it.
The change in internal energy of the gas is
(a) 100 J (b) 300 J (c) 419 J (d) 24 J

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21. A perfect gas contained in a cylinder is kept in vacuum. If the cylinder suddenly bursts, then the
temperature of the gas
(a) Remains constant (b) Becomes zero (c) Increases (d) Decreases
22. If 150 J of heat is added to a system and the work done by the system is 110 J, then change in internal
energy will be (a) 260 J (b) 150 J (c) 110 J (d) 40 J
23. If Q and W represent the heat supplied to the system and the work done on the system respectively,
then the first law of thermodynamics can be written as
(a) Q  U  W (b) Q  U  W (c) Q  W  U (d) Q  W  U
where U is the internal energy
24. For free expansion of the gas which of the following is true
(a) Q  W  0 and  Eint  0 (b) Q  0, W  0 and Eint  W
(c) W  0, Q  0, and  Eint  Q (d) W  0, Q  0 and Eint  0
25. Which of the following can not determine the state of a thermodynamic system
(a) Pressure and volume (b)Volume and temperature
(c) Temperature and pressure (d)Any one of pressure, volume or temperature
26. Which of the following is not a thermodynamics co-ordinate
(a) P (b) T (c) V (d) R
27. In a given process for an ideal gas, dW  0 and dQ  0. Then for the gas
(a) The temperature will decrease (b)The volume will increase
(c) The pressure will remain constant (d)The temperature will increase
28. The specific heat of hydrogen gas at constant pressure is CP  3.4  10 3 cal / kg o C and at constant volume is
CV  2.4  10 3 cal / kg o C. If one kilogram hydrogen gas is heated from 10 o C to 20 o C at constant pressure, the
external work done on the gas to maintain it at constant pressure is
(a) 10 5 cal (b) 10 4 cal (c) 10 3 cal (d) 5  10 3 cal
29. Which of the following parameters does not characterize the thermodynamic state of matter
(a) Volume (b) Temperature (c)Pressure (d) Work
30. In a thermodynamic system working substance is ideal gas, its internal energy is in the form of
(a) Kinetic energy only (b) Kinetic and potential energy
(c) Potential energy (d) None of these
31. Which of the following statements is correct for any thermodynamic system
(a) The internal energy changes in all processes (b) Internal energy and entropy are state functions
(c) The change in entropy can never be zero (d) The work done in an adiabatic process is always zero
32. A system is provided with 200 cal of heat and the work done by the system on the surrounding is 40 J.
Then its internal energy
(a) Increases by 600 J (b) Decreases by 800 J (c) Increases by 800 J (d) Decreases by 50 J
33. In a thermodynamic process, pressure of a fixed mass of a gas is changed in such a manner that the gas
molecules gives out 20 J of heat and 10 J of work is done on the gas. If the initial internal energy of the gas
was 40 J, then the final internal energy will be
(a) 30 J (b) 20 J (c) 60 J (d) 40 J
34. Heat is not being exchanged in a body. If its internal energy is increased, then
(a) Its temperature will increase (b)Its temperature will decrease
(c) Its temperature will remain constant (d)None of these
35. Out of the following which quantity does not depend on path
(a) Temperature (b) Energy (c)Work (d) None of these
36. First law of thermodynamics is a special case of
(a) Newton's law (b)Law of conservation of energy
(c) Charle's law (d)Law of heat exchange
37. One mole of an ideal monoatomic gas is heated at a constant pressure of one atmosphere from 0 o C to
100 o C . Then the change in the internal energy is
(a) 6.56 joules (b) 8.32  10 2 joules (c) 12.48  10 2 joules (d) 20.80 joules
38. If the ratio of specific heat of a gas at constant pressure to that at constant volume is  , the change in
internal energy of a mass of gas, when the volume changes from V to 2V constant pressure p, is
(a) R /(  1) (b) pV (c) pV /(  1) (d) pV /(  1)
39. If CV  4.96cal / mole K, then increase in internal
energy when temperature of 2 moles of this gas is increased from 340 K to 342 K
(a) 27.80 cal (b) 19.84 cal (c)13.90 cal (d) 9.92 cal
40. Temperature is a measurement of coldness or hotness of an object. This definition is based on
(a) Zeroth law of thermodynamics (b)First law of thermodynamics
(c) Second law of thermodynamics (d)Newton's law of cooling
41. When heat energy of 1500 Joules, is supplied to a gas at constant pressure 2.1  10 5 N /m 2 , there was an
increase in its volume equal to 2.5  10 3 m 3 . The increase in internal energy of the gas in Joules is
(a) 450 (b) 525 (c) 975 (d) 2025
42. If heat given to a system is 6 kcal and work done is 6 kJ. Then change in internal energy is
(a) 19.1 kJ (b) 12.5 Kj (c) 25 kJ (d) Zero

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43. In a thermodynamics process, pressure of a fixed mass of a gas is changed in such a manner that the gas
releases 20 J of heat and 8J of work is done on the gas. If the initial internal energy of the gas was 30J. The
final internal energy will be
(a) 18J (b) 9J (c) 4.5J (d) 36J
44. A monoatomic gas of n-moles is heated from temperature T1 to T2 under two different conditions (i) at
constant volume and (ii) at constant pressure. The change in internal energy of the gas is
(a) More for (i) (b) More for (ii)
(c) Same in both cases (d) Independent of number of moles
45. The state of a thermodynamic system is represented by
(a) Pressure only (b)Volume only
(c) Pressure, volume and temperature (d)Number of moles
46. A perfect gas goes from state A to another state B by absorbing 8  10 5 J of heat and doing 6.5  10 5 J of
external work. It is now transferred between the same two states in another process in which it absorbs
10 5 J of heat. Then in the second process
(a) Work done on the gas is 0.5  10 5 J (b) Work done by gas is 0.5  10 5 J
(c) Work done on gas is 10 J 5
(d)Work done by gas is 10 5 J
47. If a system undergoes contraction of volume then the work done by the system will be
(a) Zero (b) Negligible (c)Negative (d) Positive
48. Which of the following is incorrect regarding the first law of thermodynamics
(a) It introduces the concept of the internal energy (b) It introduces the concept of the entropy
(c) It is not applicable to any cyclic process (d) None of the above

Isothermal Process

1. For an ideal gas, in an isothermal process

(a) Heat content remains constant (b)Heat content and temperature remain constant
(c) Temperature remains constant (d)None of the above
2. Can two isothermal curves cut each other
(a) Never (b) Yes
(c) They will cut when temperature is 0°C (d)Yes, when the pressure is critical pressure
3. In an isothermal expansion
(a) Internal energy of the gas increases (b)Internal energy of the gas decreases
(c) Internal energy remains unchanged (d)Average kinetic energy of gas molecule decreases
4. In an isothermal reversible expansion, if the volume of 96 gm of oxygen at 27°C is increased from 70 litres
to 140 litres, then the work done by the gas will be
(a) 300 R log10 2 (b) 81 R loge 2 (c) 900 R log10 2 (d) 2.3  900 R log10 2
5. A vessel containing 5 litres of a gas at 0.8 m pressure is connected to an evacuated vessel of volume 3 litres.
The resultant pressure inside will be (assuming whole system to be isolated)
(a) 4/3 m (b) 0.5 m (c) 2.0 m (d) 3/4 m
P
6. For an isothermal expansion of a perfect gas, the value of is equal
P
V V V V
(a)   1 / 2 (b)  (c)   (d)  2
V V V V
PV
7. The gas law  constant is true for
T
(a) Isothermal changes only (b)Adiabatic changes only
(c) Both isothermal and adiabatic changes (d)Neither isothermal nor adiabatic changes
8. One mole of O 2 gas having a volume equal to 22.4 litres at 0 o C and 1 atmospheric pressure in compressed
isothermally so that its volume reduces to 11.2 litres. The work done in this process is
(a) 1672.5 J (b) 1728 J (c) 1728 J (d) 1572.5 J
9. If a gas is heated at constant pressure, its isothermal compressibility
(a) Remains constant (b)Increases linearly with temperature
(c) Decreases linearly with temperature (d)Decreases inversely with temperature
10. Work done per mol in an isothermal change is
V V V V
(a) RT log10 2 (b) RT log10 1 (c) RT loge 2 (d) RT loge 1
V1 V2 V1 V2
11. The isothermal Bulk modulus of an ideal gas at pressure P is
(a) P (b)  P (c) P / 2 (d) P/
12. In isothermal expansion, the pressure is determined by
(a) Temperature only (b)Compressibility only
(c) Both temperature and compressibility (d)None of these
13. The isothermal bulk modulus of a perfect gas at normal pressure is
(a) 1.013  10 5 N / m 2 (b) 1.013  10 6 N / m 2 (c) 1., 013  10 11 N / m 2 (d) 1.013  1011 N / m 2
14. In an isothermal change, an ideal gas obeys
(a) Boyle's law (b) Charle's law (c)Gaylussac law (d) None of the above
15. In isothermic process, which statement is wrong

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(a) Temperature is constant (b)Internal energy is constant

(c) No exchange of energy (d)(a) and (b) are correct
16. An ideal gas A and a real gas B have their volumes increased from V to 2 V under isothermal conditions.
The increase in internal energy
(a) Will be same in both A and B (b) Will be zero in both the gases
(c) Of B will be more than that of A (d) Of A will be more than that of B
17. The specific heat of a gas in an isothermal process is
(a) Infinite (b) Zero (c)Negative (d) Remains constant
18. A thermally insulated container is divided into two parts by a screen. In one part the pressure and
temperature are P and T for an ideal gas filled. In the second part it is vacuum. If now a small hole is
created in the screen, then the temperature of the gas will
(a) Decrease (b) Increase (c)Remain same (d) None of the above
19. A container that suits the occurrence of an isothermal process should be made of
(a) Copper (b) Glass (c)Wood (d) Cloth
20. In an isothermal process the volume of an ideal gas is halved. One can say that
(a) Internal energy of the system decreases (b) Work done by the gas is positive
(c) Work done by the gas is negative (d) Internal energy of the system increases
21. A thermodynamic process in which temperature T of the system remains constant though other variable P
and V may change, is called
(a) Isochoric process (b) Isothermal process (c) Isobaric process (d) None of these
22. If an ideal gas is compressed isothermally then
(a) No work is done against gas (b) Heat is relased by the gas
(c) The internal energy of gas will increase (d) Pressure does not change
23. When an ideal gas in a cylinder was compressed isothermally by a piston, the work done on the gas was
found to be 1.5  10 4 joules . During this process about
(a) 3.6  10 3 cal of heat flowed out from the gas (b) 3.6  10 3 cal of heat flowed into the gas
(c) 1.5  10 cal of heat flowed into the gas
4
(d) 1.5  10 4 cal of heat flowed out from the gas
24. When heat is given to a gas in an isothermal change, the result will be
(a) External work done (b)Rise in temperature
(c) Increase in internal energy (d)External work done and also rise in temp.
25. When 1 gm of water at 0 o C and 1  10 5 N / m 2 pressure is converted into ice of volume 1.091 cm 2 , the
external work done will be
(a) 0.0091 joule (b) 0.0182 joule (c)– 0.0091 joule (d) – 0.0182 joule
26. The latent heat of vaporisation of water is 2240 J/gm. If the work done in the process of expansion of 1 g is
168 J, then increase in internal energy is
(a) 2408 J (b) 2240 J (c)2072 J (d) 1904 J
27. 540 calories of heat convert 1 cubic centimeter of water at 100 o C into 1671 cubic centimeter of steam at
100 o C at a pressure of one atmosphere. Then the work done against the atmospheric pressure is nearly
(a) 540 cal (b) 40 cal (c) Zero cal (d) 500 cal
28. One mole of an ideal gas expands at a constant temperature of 300 K from an initial volume of 10 litres to a
final volume of 20 litres. The work done in expanding the gas is (R = 8.31 J/mole-K)
(a) 750 joules (b) 1728 joules (c) 1500 joules (d) 3456 joules
29. A cylinder fitted with a piston contains 0.2 moles of air at temperature 27°C. The piston is pushed so slowly
that the air within the cylinder remains in thermal equilibrium with the surroundings. Find the
approximate work done by the system if the final volume is twice the initial volume
(a) 543 J (b) 345 J (c) 453 J (d) 600 J
30. The volume of an ideal gas is 1 litre and its pressure is equal to 72cm of mercury column. The volume of
gas is made 900 cm3 by compressing it isothermally. The stress of the gas will be
(a) 8 cm (mercury) (b) 7 cm (mercury) (c) 6 cm (mercury) (d) 4 cm (mercury)
31. During an isothermal expansion of an ideal gas
(a) Its internal energy decreases (b)Its internal energy does not change
(c) The work done by the gas is equal to the quantity of heat absorbed by it
(d) Both (b) and (c) are correct

Adiabatic Process
1. If a cylinder containing a gas at high pressure explodes, the gas undergoes
(a) Reversible adiabatic change and fall of temperature
(b) Reversible adiabatic change and rise of temperature
(c) Irreversible adiabatic change and fall of temperature
(d) Irreversible adiabatic change and rise of temperature
2. The work done in an adiabatic change in a gas depends only on
(a) Change is pressure (b) Change is volume (c) Change in temperature (d) None of the above
3. In adiabatic expansion
(a) U  0 (b) U  negative (c) U  positive (d) W  zero
4. The pressure in the tyre of a car is four times the atmospheric pressure at 300 K. If this tyre suddenly
bursts, its new temperature will be (  1.4 )
0 .4 / 1 .4
1
(a) 300 (4 )1.4 / 0.4 (b) 300   (c) 300 (2)0.4 / 1.4 (d) 300 (4 )0.4 / 1.4
4

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3
5. A gas at NTP is suddenly compressed to one-fourth of its original volume. If  is supposed to be , then
2
the final pressure is
3 1
(a) 4 atmosphere (b) atmosphere (c) 8 atmosphere (d) atmosphere
2 4
1
6. A monoatomic gas (  5 / 3) is suddenly compressed to of its original volume adiabatically, then the
8
pressure of the gas will change to
24 40
(a) (b) 8 (c) (d) 32 times its initial pressure
5 3
d'
7. The pressure and density of a diatomic gas (  7 / 5) change adiabatically from (P, d) to (P', d'). If  32 ,
d
P'
then should be
P
(a) 1/128 (b) 32 (c)128
(d) None of the above
8 5
8. An ideal gas at 27 C is compressed adiabatically to
o
of its original volume. If   , then the rise in
27 3
temperature is (a) 450 K (b) 375 K (c) 225 K (d) 405 K
9. Two identical samples of a gas are allowed to expand (i) isothermally (ii) adiabatically. Work done is
(a) More in the isothermal process (b)More in the adiabatic process
(c) Neither of them (d)Equal in both processes
10. Which is the correct statement
(a) For an isothermal change PV = constant
(b) In an isothermal process the change in internal energy must be equal to the work done

P2  V2 
(c) For an adiabatic change    , where  is the ratio of specific heats
P1  V1 
(d) In an adiabatic process work done must be equal to the heat entering the system
11. The slopes of isothermal and adiabatic curves are related as
(a) Isothermal curve slope = adiabatic curve slope
(b) Isothermal curve slope =   adiabatic curve slope
(c) Adiabatic curve slope =   isothermal curve slope
1
(d) Adiabatic curve slope =  isothermal curve slope
2
12. Pressure-temperature relationship for an ideal gas undergoing adiabatic change is (  C p / Cv )

(a) PT  constant (b) PT 1  constant (c) P 1T   constant (d) P1 T   constant
13. The amount of work done in an adiabatic expansion from temperature T to T1 is
R
(a) R(T  T1 ) (b) (T  T1 ) (c) RT (d) R(T  T1 )(  1)
 1
14. During the adiabatic expansion of 2 moles of a gas, the internal energy of the gas is found to decrease by 2
joules, the work done during the process on the gas will be equal to
(a) 1 J (b) 1 J (c)2 J (d) –2J
15. The adiabatic elasticity of hydrogen gas (  1.4 ) at NTP is
(a) 1  10 5 N / m 2 (b) 1  10 8 N / m  (c) 1.4 N / m 2 (d) 1.4  10 5 N / m 2
16. If  denotes the ratio of two specific heats of a gas, the ratio of slopes of adiabatic and isothermal PV
curves at their point of intersection is
(a) 1 /  (b)  (c)  1 (d)  1
17. Air in a cylinder is suddenly compressed by a piston, which is then maintained at the same position. With
the passage of time
(a) The pressure decreases (b)The pressure increases (c) The pressure remains the same
(d) The pressure may increase or decrease depending upon the nature of the gas
18. When a gas expands adiabatically
(a) No energy is required for expansion
(b) Energy is required and it comes from the wall of the container of the gas
(c) Internal energy of the gas is used in doing work
(d) Law of conservation of energy does not hold
19. One gm mol of a diatomic gas (  1.4 ) is compressed adiabatically so that its temperature rises from 27 C
o

to 127 o C . The work done will be

(a) 2077.5 joules (b) 207.5 joules (c)207.5 ergs (d) None of the above
20. Compressed air in the tube of a wheel of a cycle at normal temperature suddenly starts coming out from a
puncture. The air inside
(a) Starts becoming hotter (b) Remains at the same temperature
(c) Starts becoming cooler
(d) May become hotter or cooler depending upon the amount of water vapour present

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21. The adiabatic Bulk modulus of a perfect gas at pressure is given by

(a) P (b) 2 P (c) P / 2 (d) P
22. An adiabatic process occurs at constant
(a) Temperature (b) Pressure (c)Heat (d) Temperature and pressure
 4 1
23. A polyatomic gas     is compressed to of its volume adiabatically. If its initial pressure is Po , its
 3 8
new pressure will be
(a) 8 Po (b) 16P0 (c) 6 Po (d) 2 Po
 Cp 
24. For adiabatic processes    
 Cv 
(a) P V = constant (b) T  V = constant (c) TV  1 =constant (d) TV  = constant
25. An ideal gas is expanded adiabatically at an initial temperature of 300 K so that its volume is doubled. The
final temperature of the hydrogen gas is (  1.40)
(a) 227.36 K (b) 500.30 K (c) 454.76 K (d)  47 o C
26. A given system undergoes a change in which the work done by the system equals the decrease in its
internal energy. The system must have undergone an
(a) Isothermal change (b) Adiabatic change (c) Isobaric change (d) Isochoric change
27. During the adiabatic expansion of 2 moles of a gas, the internal energy was found to have decreased by 100
J. The work done by the gas in this process is
(a) Zero (b) –100 J (c)200 J (d) 100 J
28. In an adiabatic expansion of a gas initial and final temperatures are T1 and T2 respectively, then the change
in internal energy of the gas is
R R
(a) (T2  T1 ) (b) (T1  T2 ) (c) R(T1  T2 ) (d) Zero
 1  1
29. Helium at 27 C has a volume of 8 litres. It is suddenly compressed to a volume of 1 litre. The temperature
o

of the gas will be [  5 / 3]

(a) 108 o C (b) 9327o C (c) 1200o C (d) 927 o C
30. A cycle tyre bursts suddenly. This represents an
(a) Isothermal process (b) Isobaric process (c) Isochoric process (d) Adiabatic process
31. One mole of helium is adiabatically expanded from its initial state (Pi , Vi , Ti ) to its final state (Pf , Vf , Tf ) . The
decrease in the internal energy associated with this expansion is equal to
1
(a) CV (Ti  Tf ) (b) CP (Ti  Tf ) (c) (C P  CV )(Ti  Tf ) (d) (CP  CV )(Ti  Tf )
2
32. At N.T.P. one mole of diatomic gas is compressed adiabatically to half of its volume   1.41 . The work done
on gas will be
(a) 1280 J (b) 1610 J (c)1815 J (d) 2025 J
33. For adiabatic process, wrong statement is
(a) dQ  0 (b) dU  dW (c)Q = constant (d) Entropy is not constant
34. A diatomic gas initially at 18°C is compressed adiabatically to one-eighth of its original volume. The
temperature after compression will be
(a) 10 o C (b) 887 o C (c) 668 K (d) 144 o C
35. A gas is being compressed adiabatically. The specific heat of the gas during compression is
(a) Zero (b) Infinite (c)Finite but non-zero (d) Undefined
36. The process in which no heat enters or leaves the system is termed as
(a) Isochoric (b) Isobaric (c)Isothermal (d) Adiabatic
37. Two moles of an ideal monoatomic gas at 27 C occupies a volume of V. If the gas is expanded
o

adiabatically to the volume 2V , then the work done by the gas will be [  5 / 3, R  8.31 J / mol K]
(a) 2767.23 J (b) 2767.23 J 2500 J
(c) 2500 J (d)
1
38. At 27 C a gas is suddenly compressed such that its pressure becomes th of original pressure.
o
8
Temperature of the gas will be (  5 / 3)
(a) 420K (b) 327 o C (c) 300 K (d)  142 o C
39. U  W  0 is valid for
(a) Adiabatic process (b) Isothermal process (c) Isobaric process (d) Isochoric process
40. An ideal gas at a pressures of 1 atmosphere and temperature of 27 C is compressed adiabatically until its
o

pressure becomes 8 times the initial pressure, then the final temperature is ( = 3/2)
(a) 627 o C (b) 527 o C (c) 427 o C (d) 327 o C
41. Air is filled in a motor tube at 27 C and at a pressure of 8 atmospheres. The tube suddenly bursts, then
o

temperature of air is [Given  of air  1.5]

(a) 27.5 o C (b) 75 o K (c) 150 K (d) 150 o C

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 THERMODYNAMICS WORKSHEET

1
42. If   2.5 and volume is equal to times to the initial volume then pressure P' is equal to (Initial pressure
8
= P) (a) P'  P (b) P'  2 P (c) P'  P  (2)15 / 2 (d) P'  7 P
43. In an adiabatic process, the state of a gas is changed from P1 , V1 , T1 , to P2 , V2 , T2 . Which of the following
relation is correct
(a) T1 V1  1  T2 V2  1 (b) P1 V1  1  P2 V2  1 (c) 
T1 P1  T2 P2

(d) 
T1 V1  T2 V2


44. During an adiabatic process, the pressure of a gas is found to be proportional to the cube of its absolute
temperature. The ratio C p / C v for the gas is
3 4 5
(a) (b) (c) 2 (d)
2 3 3
45. In adiabatic expansion of a gas
(a) Its pressure increases (b) Its temperature falls
(c) Its density increases (d)Its thermal energy increases
46. One mole of an ideal gas at an initial temperature of T K does 6 R joules of work adiabatically. If the ratio of
specific heats of this gas at constant pressure and at constant volume is 5/3, the final temperature of gas
will be
(a) (T  2.4 ) K (b) (T  2.4 ) K (c) (T  4 ) K (d) (T  4 ) K
47. A gas is suddenly compressed to 1/4 th of its original volume at normal temperature. The increase in its
temperature is (  1.5)
(a) 273 K (b) 573 K (c)373 K (d) 473 K
48. A gas (   1.3) is enclosed in an insulated vessel fitted with insulating piston at a pressure of 10 5 N / m 2 . On
suddenly pressing the piston the volume is reduced to half the initial volume. The final pressure of the gas
is (a) 2 0.7  10 5 (b) 2 1.3  10 5 (c) 2 1.4  10 5 (d) None of these
49. The internal energy of the gas increases In
(a) Adiabatic expansion (b) Adiabatic compression
(c) Isothermal expansion (d) Isothermal compression
50. We consider a thermodynamic system. If U represents the increase in its internal energy and W the work
done by the system, which of the following statements is true
(a) U  W in an adiabatic process (b) U  W in an isothermal process
(c) U  W in an isothermal process (d) U  W in an adiabatic process
51. A gas is suddenly compressed to one fourth of its original volume. What will be its final pressure, if its initial
pressure is P
(a) Lesss than P (b) More than P (c) P (d) Either (a) or (c)
1
52. A gas for which   1.5 is suddenly compressed to th of the initial volume. Then the ratio of the final to the
4
initial pressure is (a) 1 : 16 (b) 1 : 8 (c) 1 : 4 (d) 8 : 1
53. One mole of an ideal gas with   1.4 , is adiabatically compressed so that its temperature rises from 27°C
to 35°C. The change in the internal energy of the gas is (R  8.3 J /mol.K)
(a) –166 J (b) 166 J (c) –168 J (d) 168 J
1
54. The volume of a gas is reduced adiabatically to of its volume at 27°C, if the value of   1.4, then the new
4
temperature will be
(a) 350  4 0.4 K (b) 300  4 0.4 K (c) 150  4 0.4 K (d) None of these
55. During an adiabatic expansion of 2 moles of a gas, the change in internal energy was found –50J. The work
done during the process is
(a) Zero (b) 100J (c) – 50J (d) 50J
56. Adiabatic modulus of elasticity of a gas is 2.1  10 N / m . What will be its isothermal modulus of elasticity
5 2

 Cp 
  (a) 1.8  10 5 N / m 2 (b) 1.5  10 5 N / m 2 (c) 1.4  10 5 N / m 2 (d) 1.2  10 5 N / m 2
 C  1 .4 
 v 
P
57. For an adiabatic expansion of a perfect gas, the value of is equal to
P
V V V V
(a)   (b)  (c)   (d)  2
V V V V

Isobaric and Isochoric Processes

1. A gas expands under constant pressure P from volume V1 to V2 . The work done by the gas is
V1 V2
(a) P(V2  V1 ) (b) P(V1  V2 ) (c) P(V1  V2 ) (d) P
V2  V1
2. When heat in given to a gas in an isobaric process, then
(a) The work is done by the gas (b)Internal energy of the gas increases
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d)None from (a) and (b)

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 THERMODYNAMICS WORKSHEET

3. One mole of a perfect gas in a cylinder fitted with a piston has a pressure P, volume V and temperature T. If
the temperature is increased by 1 K keeping pressure constant, the increase in volume is
2V V V
(a) (b) (c) (d) V
273 91 273
4. A gas is compressed at a constant pressure of 50 N / m 2 from a volume of 10m 3 to a volume of 4m 3 . Energy
of 100 J then added to the gas by heating. Its internal energy is
(a) Increased by 400 J (b) Increased by 200 J (c) Increased by 100 J (d) Decreased by 200 J
5. Work done by air when it expands from 50 litres to 150 litres at a constant pressure of 2 atmosphere is
(a) 2  10 4 joules (b) 2  100 joules (c) 2  10 5  100 joules (d) 2  10 5  100 joules
6. Work done by 0.1 mole of a gas at 27 C to double its volume at constant pressure is (R = 2 cal mol–1 oC–1)
o

(a) 54 cal (b) 600 cal (c) 60 cal (d) 546 cal
7. Unit mass of a liquid with volume V1 is completely changed into a gas of volume V2 at a constant external
pressure P and temperature T. If the latent heat of evaporation for the given mass is L, then the increase in
the internal energy of the system is
(a) Zero (b) P(V2  V1 ) (c) L  P(V2  V1 ) (d) L
8. A gas expands 0.25m 3 at constant pressure 10 3 N / m 2 , the work done is
(a) 2.5 ergs (b) 250 J (c) 250 W (d) 250 N
9. Two kg of water is converted into steam by boiling at atmospheric pressure. The volume changes from
2  10 3 m 3 to 3.34 m 3 . The work done by the system is about
(a) – 340 kJ (b) – 170 kJ (c)170 kJ (d) 340 kJ
10. An ideal gas has volume V0 at 27 C. It is heated at constant pressure so that its volume becomes 2 V0 . The
o

final temperature is
(a) 54 o C (b) 32.6 o C (c) 327 C (d) 150 K
11. If 300 ml of a gas at 27 C is cooled to 7 C at constant pressure, then its final volume will be
o o

(a) 540 ml (b) 350 ml (c)280 ml (d) 135 ml

12. Which of the following is correct in terms of increasing work done for the same initial and final state
(a) Adiabatic < Isothermal < Isobaric (b)Isobaric < Adiabatic < Isothermal
(c) Adiabatic < Isobaric < Isothermal (d)None of these
13. A sample of gas expands from volume V1 to V2 . The amount of work done by the gas is greatest when the
expansion is
(a) Isothermal (b) Isobaric (c)Adiabatic (d) Equal in all cases
14. Which of the following is a slow process
(a) Isothermal (b) Adiabatic (c) Isobaric (d) None of these
15. How much work to be done in decreasing the volume of and ideal gas by an amount of 2.4  10 4 m 3 at
normal temperature and constant normal pressure of 1  10 5 N / m 2
(a) 28 joule (b) 27 joule (c) 25 joule (d) 24 joule
16. A Container having 1 mole of a gas at a temperature 27°C has a movable piston which maintains at
constant pressure in container of 1 atm. The gas is compressed until temperature becomes 127°C. The
work done is (Cp for gas is 7.03 cal/mol–K)
(a) 703 J (b) 814 J (c) 121 J (d) 2035 J
17. In a reversible isochoric change
(a) W  0 (b) Q  0 (c) T  0 (d) U  0
18. Entropy of a thermodynamic system does not change when this system is used for
(a) Conduction of heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir
(b) Conversion of heat into work isobarically
(c) Conversion of heat into internal energy isochorically
(d) Conversion of work into heat isochorically
19. The work done in which of the following processes is zero
(a) Isothermal process (b) Adiabatic process
(c) Isochoric process (d) None of these
20. In which thermodynamic process, volume remains same
(a) Isobaric (b) Isothermal (c) Adiabatic (d) Isochoric
21. In an isochoric process if T1  27 C and T2  127 C, then P1 / P2 will be equal to
o o

(a) 9 / 59 (b) 2 / 3 (c) 3 / 4 (d) None of these

22. Which is incorrect
(a) In an isobaric process, p  0 (b)In an isochoric process, W  0
(c) In an isothermal process, T  0 (d)In an isothermal process, Q  0
23. Which relation is correct for isometric process
(a) Q  U (b) W  U (c) Q  W (d) None of these

Heat Engine, Refrigerator and Second Law of Thermodynamics

1. A Carnot engine working between 300 K and 600K has work output of 800 J per cycle. What is amount of
heat energy supplied to the engine from source per cycle
(a) 1800 J/cycle (b) 1000 J/cycle (c)2000 J/cycle (d) 1600 J/cycle

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 THERMODYNAMICS WORKSHEET

2. The coefficient of performance of a Carnot refrigerator working between 30 o C and 0 o C is

(a) 10 (b) 1 (c) 9 (d) 0
3. If the door of a refrigerator is kept open, then which of the following is true
(a) Room is cooled (b) Room is heated
(c) Room is either cooled or heated (d)Room is neither cooled nor heated
4. In a cyclic process, the internal energy of the gas
(a) Increases (b) Decreases (c)Remains constant (d) Becomes zero
5. Irreversible process is
(a) Adiabatic process (b) Joule-Thomson expansion (c) Ideal isothermal process (d) None of the above
6. For a reversible process, necessary condition is
(a) In the whole cycle of the system, the loss of any type of heat energy should be zero
(b) That the process should be too fast
(c) That the process should be slow so that the working substance should remain in thermal and
mechanical equilibrium with the surroundings
(d) The loss of energy should be zero and it should be quasistatic
7. In a cyclic process, work done by the system is
(a) Zero (b) Equal to heat given to the system
(c) More than the heat given to system (d) Independent of heat given to the system
8. An ideal gas heat engine operates in a Carnot's cycle between 227 o C and 127 o C . It absorbs 6 × 104 J at
high temperature. The amount of heat converted into work is ....
(a) 4.8  10 4 J (b) 3.5  10 4 J (c) 1.6  10 4 J (d) 1.2  10 4 J
9. An ideal heat engine exhausting heat at 77 o C is to have a 30% efficiency. It must take heat at
(a) 127 o C (b) 227 o C (c) 327 o C (d) 673 o C
10. Efficiency of Carnot engine is 100% if
(a) T2  273 K (b) T2  0 K (c) T1  273 K (d) T1  0 K
11. A Carnot's engine used first an ideal monoatomic gas then an ideal diatomic gas. If the source and sink
temperature are 411 o C and 69 o C respectively and the engine extracts 1000 J of heat in each cycle, then
area enclosed by the PV diagram is
(a) 100 J (b) 300 J (c) 500 J (d) 700 J
12. A Carnot engine absorbs an amount Q of heat from a reservoir at an abosolute temperature T and rejects
heat to a sink at a temperature of T/3. The amount of heat rejected is
(a) Q / 4 (b) Q / 3 (c)Q / 2 (d) 2Q / 3
13. The temperature of sink of Carnot engine is 27 o C . Efficiency of engine is 25%. Then temperature of source
is (a) 227 o C (b) 327 o C (c) 127 o C (d) 27 o C
14. The temperature of reservoir of Carnot's engine operating with an efficiency of 70% is 1000K. The
temperature of its sink is
(a) 300 K (b) 400 K (c)500 K (d) 700 K
T2  0 o C T1  200 o C,  T  0 oC
15. In a Carnot engine, when and its efficiency is 1 and when 1 and
T2  200 o C 2 1 /  2
, Its efficiency is , then what is
(a) 0.577 (b) 0.733 (c)0.638 (d) Can not be calculated
16. The efficiency of Carnot's engine operating between reservoirs, maintained at temperatures 27 C and
o

 123 o C, is (a) 50% (b) 24% (c) 0.75% (d) 0.4%

17. A Carnot engine operates between 227 C and 27 C. Efficiency of the engine will be
o o

1 2 3 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 5 4 5
18. A measure of the degree of disorder of a system is known as
(a) Isobaric (b) Isotropy (c)Enthalpy (d) Entropy
19. A carnot engine has the same efficiency between 800 K to 500 K and x K to 600 K. The value of x is
(a) 1000 K (b) 960 K (c) 846 K (d) 754 K
20. A scientist says that the efficiency of his heat engine which operates at source temperature 127°C and sink
temperature 27°C is 26%, then
(a) It is impossible (b) It is possible but less probable
(c) It is quite probable (d) Data are incomplete
21. A Carnot’s engine is made to work between 200°C and 0°C first and then between 0°C and –200°C. The
ratio of efficiencies of the engine in the two cases is
(a) 1.73 : 1 (b) 1 : 1.73 (c) 1:1 (d) 1:2
22. Efficiency of a Carnot engine is 50% when temperature of outlet is 500 K. In order to increase efficiency up
to 60% keeping temperature of intake the same what is temperature of outlet
(a) 200 K (b) 400 K (c) 600 K (d) 800 K
23. Even Carnot engine cannot give 100% efficiency because we cannot
(a) Prevent radiation (b) Find ideal sources
(c) Reach absolute zero temperature (d) Eliminate friction
24. “Heat cannot by itself flow from a body at lower temperature to a body at higher temperature” is a
statement or consequence of
(a) Second law of thermodynamics (b) Conservation of momentum

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 THERMODYNAMICS WORKSHEET

(c) Conservation of mass (d) First law of thermodynamics

25. A Carnot engine takes 3  10 6 cal . of heat from a reservoir at 627°C, and gives it to a sink at 27°C. The work
done by the engine is
(a) 4.2  10 6 J (b) 8.4  10 6 J (c) 16.8  10 6 J (d) Zero
26. The first operation involved in a Carnot cycle is
(a) Isothermal expansion (b) Adiabatic expansion (c) Isothermal compression (d) Adiabatic compression
27. For which combination of working temperatures the efficiency of Carnot’s engine is highest
(a) 80 K, 60 K (b) 100 K, 80 K (c) 60 K, 40 K (d) 40 K, 20 K
28. The efficiency of Carnot engine when source temperature is T1 and sink temperature is T2 will be
T1  T2 T2  T1 T  T2 T1
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d)
T1 T2 T2 T2
29. An ideal heat engine working between temperature T1 and T2 has an efficiency , the new efficiency if both
the source and sink temperature are doubled, will be

(a) (b)  (c) 2 (d) 3
2
30. An ideal refrigerator has a freezer at a temperature of 13C. The coefficient of performance of the engine is
5. The temperature of the air (to which heat is rejected) will be
(a) 325°C (b) 325K (c) 39°C (d) 320°C
31. In a mechanical refrigerator, the low temperature coils are at a temperature of – 23°C and the compressed
gas in the condenser has a temperature of 27°C. The theoretical coefficient of performance is
(a) 5 (b) 8 (c) 6 (d) 6.5
32. An engine is supposed to operate between two reservoirs at temperature 727°C and 227°C. The maximum
possible efficiency of such an engine is
(a) 1/2 (b) 1/4 (c)3/4 (d) 1
33. An ideal gas heat engine operates in Carnot cycle between 227°C and 127°C. It absorbs 6  10 4 cals of heat
at higher temperature. Amount of heat converted to work is
(a) 2.4  10 4 cal (b) 6  10 4 cal (c) 1.2  10 4 cal (d) 4.8  10 4 cal
34. Which of the following processes is reversible
(a) Transfer of heat by radiation (b) Electrical heating of a nichrome wire
(c) Transfer of heat by conduction (d) Isothermal compression

CRITICAL THINKING

1. When an ideal diatomic gas is heated at constant pressure, the fraction of the heat energy supplied which
increases the internal energy of the gas, is
2 3 3 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 5 7 7
2. 1cm 3 of water at its boiling point absorbs 540 calories of heat to become steam with a volume of 1671cm 3 .If
the atmospheric pressure = 1.013 x10 5 N / m 2 and the mechanical equivalent of heat = 4.19 J / calorie, the
energy spent in this process in overcoming intermolecular forces is
(a) 540 cal (b) 40 cal (c) 500 cal (d) Zero
3. During the melting of a slab of ice at 273 K at atmospheric pressure
(a) Positive work is done by ice-water system on the atmosphere
(b) Positive work is done on the ice-water system by the atmosphere
(c) The internal energy of the ice-water system increases
(d) The internal energy of the ice-water system decreases
4. Two identical containers A and B with frictionless pistons contain the same ideal gas at the same
temperature and the same volume V. The mass of the gas in A is m A and that in B is m B . The gas in each
cylinder is now allowed to expand isothermally to the same final volume 2V. The changes in the pressure in
A and B are found to be P and 1.5 P respectively. Then
(a) 4 m A  9m B (b) 2m A  3m B (c) 3m A  2m B (d) 9 m A  3m B
5. A monoatomic ideal gas, initially at temperature T1 , is enclosed in a cylinder fitted with a frictionless
piston. The gas is allowed to expand adiabatically to a temperature. T 2 by releasing the piston suddenly. If
L1 and L 2 are the lengths of the gas column before and after expansion respectively, then T1 / T2 is given by
2/3 2/3
 L1  L1 L2  L2 
(a)  
 (b) (c) (d)  
L 
 L2  L2 L1  1
6. A closed hollow insulated cylinder is filled with gas at 0 o C and also contains an insulated piston of
negligible weight and negligible thickness at the middle point. The gas on one side of the piston is heated to
100 o C. If the piston moves 5 cm , the length of the hollow cylinder is
(a) 13.65 cm (b) 27.3 cm (c)38.6 cm (d) 64.6 cm
7. A mono atomic gas is supplied the heat Q very slowly keeping the pressure constant. The work done by the
gas will be

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 THERMODYNAMICS WORKSHEET

2 3 2 1
(a) Q (b) Q (c) Q (d) Q
3 5 5 5
8. A gas mixture consists of 2 moles of oxygen and 4 moles argon at temperature T. Neglecting all vibrational
modes, the total internal energy of the system is
(a) 4 RT (b) 15 RT (c) 9 RT (d) 11 RT
9. An ideal gas expands isothermally from a volume V1 to V2 and then compressed to original volume V1
adiabatically. Initial pressure is P1 and final pressure is P3 . The total work done is W. Then
(a) P3  P1 , W  0 (b) P3  P1 , W  0 (c) P3  P1 , W  0 (d) P3  P1 , W  0
10. Work done by a system under isothermal change from a volume V1 to V2 for a gas which obeys Vander
 n 2 
Waal's equation (V  n)  P   nRT
 V 
 V  n   V  V2   V     V  V2 
(a) nRT loge  2    n2  1
  VV 
 (b) nRT log10  2    n2  1
  VV


 1
V  n    1 2   1
V     1 2 
 V  n   V  V2   V  n   VV 
(c) nRT loge  2    n2  1
 

 (d) nRT loge  1    n2  1 2 
 V V 
 V1  n   V1 V2   V2  n   1 2 

11. A cylindrical tube of uniform cross-sectional area A is fitted with two air
tight frictionless pistons. The pistons are connected to each other by a wir
metallic wire. Initially the pressure of the gas is P0 and temperature is
T0, atmospheric pressure is also P0. Now the temperature of the gas is
increased to 2T0, the tension in the wire will be
P0 A
(a) 2 P0 A (b) P0 A (c) (d) 4 P0 A
2
Q
12. The molar heat capacity in a process of a diatomic gas if it does a work of when a heat of Q is supplied to
4
2 5 10 6
it is (a) R b) R (c) R (d) R
5 2 3 7
13. An insulator container contains 4 moles of an ideal diatomic gas at temperature T. Heat Q is supplied to
this gas, due to which 2 moles of the gas are dissociated into atoms but temperature of the gas remains
constant. Then
(a) Q  2 RT (b) Q  RT (c) Q  3 RT (d) Q  4 RT
14. The volume of air increases by 5% in its adiabatic expansion. The percentage decrease in its pressure will
be (a) 5% (b) 6% (c) 7% (d) 8%
15. The temperature of a hypothetical gas increases to 2 times when compressed adiabatically to half the
volume. Its equation can be written as
(a) PV 3 / 2 = constant (b) PV 5 / 2 = constant (c) PV 7 / 3 = constant (d) PV 4 / 3 =
constant
16. Two Carnot engines A and B are operated in succession. The first one, A receives heat from a source at
T1  800 K and rejects to sink at T2 K . The second engine B receives heat rejected by the first engine and
rejects to another sink at T3  300 K. If the work outputs of two engines are equal, then the value of T2 is
(a) 100K (b) 300K (c) 550K (d) 700K
17. When an ideal monoatomic gas is heated at constant pressure, fraction of heat energy supplied which
increases the internal energy of gas, is
2 3 3 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 5 7 4
18. When an ideal gas (  5 / 3 ) is heated under constant pressure, then what percentage of given heat energy
will be utilised in doing external work
(a) 40 % (b) 30 % (c) 60 % (d) 20 %
19. Which one of the following gases possesses the largest internal energy
(a) 2 moles of helium occupying 1m 3 at 300 K (b)56 kg of nitrogen at 107 Nm 2 and 300 K
(c) 8 grams of oxygen at 8 atm and 300 K (d) 6  10 26 molecules of argon occupying 40m 3 at 900 K
20. Two samples A and B of a gas initially at the same pressure and temperature are compressed from volume
V to V/2 (A isothermally and adiabatically). The final pressure of A is
(a) Greater than the final pressure of B (b)Equal to the final pressure of B
(c) Less than the final pressure of B (d)Twice the final pressure of B
21. Initial pressure and volume of a gas are P and V respectively. First it is expanded isothermally to volume 4V
and then compressed adiabatically to volume V. The final pressure of gas will be
(a) 1P (b) 2P (c) 4P (d) 8P
22. A thermally insulated rigid container contains an ideal gas heated by a filament of resistance 100 
through a current of 1A for 5 min then change in internal energy is
(a) 0 kJ (b) 10 KJ (c) 20 kJ (d) 30 kJ
23. A reversible engine converts one-sixth of the heat input into work. When the temperature of the sink is
reduced by 62°C, the efficiency of the engine is doubled. The temperatures of the source and sink are
(a) 80°C, 37°C (b) 95°C, 28°C (c) 90°C, 37°C (d) 99°C, 37°C

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 THERMODYNAMICS WORKSHEET

24. An engineer claims to have made an engine delivering 10 kW power with fuel consumption of 1 g/sec. The
calorific value of the fuel is 2 kcal/g. Is the claim of the engineer
(a) Valid (b) Invalid (c) Depends on engine design (d) Depends of the load
25. Find the change in the entropy in the following process 100 gm of ice at 0°C melts when dropped in a
bucket of water at 50°C (Assume temperature of water does not change)
(a) – 4.5 cal/K (b) + 4.5 cal/K (c) +5.4 cal/K (d) – 5.4 cal/K
26. An ideal gas expands in such a manner that its pressure and volume can be related by equation PV 2 
constant. During this process, the gas is
(a) Heated (b) Cooled (c)Neither heated nor cooled (d) First heated and then cooled
27. A Carnot engine whose low temperature reservoir is at 7°C has an efficiency of 50%. It is desired to increase
the efficiency to 70%. By how many degrees should the temperature of the high temperature reservoir be
increased
(a) 840 K (b) 280 K (c) 560 K (d) 380 K
28. P-V diagram of a diatomic gas is a straight line passing through origin. The molar heat capacity of the gas in
the process will be
4R
(a) 4 R (b) 2.5 R (c) 3R (d)
3
29. Following figure shows on adiabatic cylindrical container of volume V0 divided by
an adiabatic smooth piston (area of cross-section = A) in two equal parts. An
ideal gas (CP / CV   ) is at pressure P1 and temperature T1 in left part and gas at P1T1 P2T2
pressure P2 and temperature T2 in right part. The piston is slowly displaced and
released at a position where it can stay in equilibrium. The final pressure of the
two parts will be (Suppose x = displacement of the piston)
 
V  V 
P1  0  P2  0 
(a) P2 (b) P1 (c)  2 
(d)  2 
 
 0
V   0
V 
  Ax    Ax 
 2   2 
30. Two cylinders A and B fitted with pistons contain equal amounts of an ideal diatomic gas at 300 K. The
piston of A is free to move while that of B is held fixed. The same amount of heat is given to the gas in each
cylinder. If the rise in temperature of the gas in A is 30 K, then the rise in temperature of the gas in B is
(a) 30 K (b) 18 K (c) 50 K (d) 42 K

GRAPHICAL QUESTIONS

1. A system goes from A to B via two processes I and II as shown in figure. If U1 and U2 are the changes in
P
internal energies in the processes I and II respectively, then
II
(a) UII  UI
(b) UII  UI A B
(c) UI  UII I

(d) Relation between U I and UII can not be determined V

P
2. A thermodynamic system is taken through the cycle PQRSP process. The S R
net work done by the system is 200 Kpa
(a) 20 J
(b) – 20 J 100 Kpa Q
(c) 400 J P
(d) – 374 J P 100 cc 300 cc
V
B
3. An ideal gas is taken around ABCA as shown in (3P, 3V)
the above P-V diagram. The work done during a
cycle is
(a) 2PV A C
(b) PV (P,V) (P, 3V) a
P
(c) 1/2PV b
V
(d) Zero E D
c
4. The P-V diagram shows seven curved paths (connected by vertical paths) that d
can be followed by a gas. Which two of them should be parts of a closed cycle if e
the net work done by the gas is to be at its maximum value f
(a) ac (b) cg g
(c) af (d) cd V
5. An ideal gas of mass m in a state A goes to another state B via three different processes as shown in figure.
If Q1 , Q2 and Q 3 denote the heat absorbed by the gas along the three paths, then P A

(a) Q1  Q2  Q3
(b) Q1  Q2  Q3 2
3
1
(c) Q1  Q2  Q3
B
(d) Q1  Q2  Q3
V

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 THERMODYNAMICS WORKSHEET

6. Which of the following graphs correctly represents the variation of   (dV / dP ) / V with P for an ideal gas
at constant temperature

(a) (b) (c) (d)

   

P P P P

7. A thermodynamic process is shown in the figure. The pressures and volumes corresponding to some points
in the figure are : PA  3  10 4 Pa, PB  8  10 4 Pa and VA  2  10 3 m 3 , VD  5  10 3 m 3
In process AB, 600 J of heat is added to the system and in process BC, 200 J of heatP B C
is added to the system. The change in internal energy of the system in process AC
would be
(a) 560 J
(b) 800 J
(c) 600 J A D
(d) 640 J O V
8. P-V plots for two gases during adiabatic process are shown in the figure. Plots 1
P
and 2 should correspond respectively to
(a) He and O 2
1
(b) O 2 and He
(c) He and Ar 2
(d) O 2 and N 2 V
P
9. Four curves A, B, C and D are drawn in the adjoining figure for a given B C
amount of gas. The curves which represent adiabatic and isothermal
changes are
(a) C and D respectively
(b) D and C respectively A D
(c) A and B respectively
V
(d) B and A respectively P A B
10. In pressure-volume diagram given below, the isochoric,
isothermal, and isobaric parts respectively, are C
(a) BA, AD, DC
(b) DC, CB, BA
(c) AB, BC, CD D
(d) CD, DA, AB V
11. The P-V diagram of a system undergoing thermodynamic transformation is shown
in figure. The work done on the system in going from A  B  C is 50 J and 20 P C
cal heat is given to the system. The change in internal energy between A and C is

(a) 34 J
(b) 70 J
(c) 84 J A B
(d) 134 J V
3
12. An ideal gas is taken through the cycle A  B  C  A, as shown in the V(m )
C B
figure. If the net heat supplied to the gas in the cycle is 5 J, the work done 2
by the gas in the process C  A is
(a) – 5 J
1
(b) – 10 J A
(c) – 15 J P
(d) – 20 J 10 P(N/m2)
13. In the following indicator diagram, the net amount of work done will be
1 2
(a) Positive
(b) Negative
(c) Zero
(d) Infinity V
14. A cyclic process for 1 mole of an ideal gas is shown in figure in the V-T, diagram. V
C
The work done in AB, BC and CA respectively V2
V  V
(a) 0, RT2 ln 1  , R (T1  T2 ) (b) R(T1  T2 ), 0, RT1 ln 1
 2
V V 2
A
V  V  P V1 B
0, RT2 ln 2  , R (T1  T2 )
(c) (d) 0, RT2 ln 2  , R (T2  T1 ) A B
 V1   V1  O T
T1 T2
15. A cyclic process ABCD is shown in the figure P-V diagram. C
Which of the following curves represent the same process

D
V

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 THERMODYNAMICS WORKSHEET

(a) (b) P (c) P (d)

P P
A B A B B

A A B
C C
D D D C D C
T T T T
16. Carnot cycle (reversible) of a gas represented by a Pressure-Volume curve is shown in the diagram
Consider the following statements
I. Area ABCD = Work done on the gas P
A
II. Area ABCD = Net heat absorbed B
III. Change in the internal energy in cycle = 0
Which of these are correct
(a) I only D
C
(b) II only V
(c) II and III T
(d) I, II and III
17. The temperature-entropy diagram of a reversible engine cycle is given in the
figure. Its efficiency is 2T0
(a) 1 / 3
(b) 2 / 3 T0
(c) 1 / 2
S
(d) 1 / 4 S0 2S0
18. Work done in the given P-V diagram in the cyclic process is P (2P, V) (2P, 2V)
(a) PV
(b) 2PV
(c) PV/2
(d) 3PV (P, V) (P, 2V)
V
19. A cyclic process ABCA is shown in the V-T diagram. Process on the P-V diagram is V
(a) (b) (c) (d)
P P P P
C C
B A B
A B

A T
A C B
B A C C
V V V V

20. In the figure given two processes A and B are shown by which a thermo-
dynamical system goes from initial to final state F. If Q A and QB are P
respectively the heats supplied to the systems then A
(a) Q A  QB
i f
(b) Q A  QB
B
(c) Q A  QB
(d) Q A  QB P V
7P1
21. In the cyclic process shown in the figure, the work done by
the gas in one cycle is
(a) 28 P1V1
(b) 14 P1V1
(c) 18 P1V1 P1
V
(d) 9 P1V1 V1 4V1
P
22. An ideal gas is taken around the cycle ABCA as shown in the P-V diagram. The net B
3P1
work done by the gas during the cycle is equal to
(a) 12 P1V1
(b) 6 P1V1
P1 C
(c) 3 P1V1 V (litre) A
(d) 2 P1V1 30 V1 3V1
23. Heat energy absorbed by a system in going through a cyclic
process shown in figure is
(a) 107  J 10
(b) 104  J
10 30 P (kPa)
(c) 102 J
(d) 10 3 J

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 THERMODYNAMICS WORKSHEET
P
24. A thermodynamic system is taken from state A to B along ACB and is brought B
P2
back to A along BDA as shown in the PV diagram. The net work done during the
C
complete cycle is given by the area
(a) P1ACBP2P1 D
(b) ACBB'A'A P1 A
(c) ACBDA
(d) ADBB'A'A A B V
25. In the diagrams (i) to (iv) of variation of volume with changing pressure is shown. A gas is taken along the
path ABCD. The change in internal energy of the gas will be
D C V D
V D V D V C
C C

A
A A B B
B A B

(i) (ii) P (iii) P (iv) P

P
(a) Positive in all cases (i) to (iv)
(b) Positive in cases (i), (ii) and (iii) but zero in (iv) case
(c) Negative in cases (i), (ii) and (iii) but zero in (iv) case
(d) Zero in all four cases
V(in cc)
26. A system is taken through a cyclic process represented by a circle as
40
shown. The heat absorbed by the system is
(a)   10 3 J 30

(b) J 20
2
0
(c) 4  10 2 J 0 50 100 150 200 P(in kPa)
(d)  J P
C B
27. A thermodynamic system undergoes cyclic process ABCDA as shown in figure. 3P0
The work done by the system is
(a) P0 V0 2P0 O
(b) 2 P0 V0
P0 V0 P0
(c) A D
2 V
(d) Zero V0 2V0
P A
28. The P-V graph of an ideal gas cycle is shown here as
below. The adiabatic process is described by B
(a) AB and BC
(b) AB and CD D
(c) BC and DA C
(d) BC and CD V
P (3P, V) (3P, 3V)
29. An ideal monoatomic gas is taken round the cycle ABCDA as shown in following P-V
diagram. The work done during the cycle is

(a) PV
(b) 2 PV
(c) 4 PV (P, V) (P, 3V)
(d) Zero P(N/m )
2 O V
30. A system changes from the state (P1 , V1 ) to (P2 V2 ) as shown in the
5  105 (P2, V2)
figure. What is the work done by the system
(a) 7.5  10 joule
5

1  105
(P1, V1)
(b) 7.5  10 erg
5

(c) 12  10 joule
5

(d) 6  10 joule
5 1 2 3 4 5 V(m3)
P
31. Carbon monoxide is carried around a closed cycle abc in which bc is an isothermal b
P2
process as shown in the figure. The gas absorbs 7000 J of heat as its temperature
increases from 300 K to 1000 K in going from a to b. The quantity of heat rejected
by the gas during the process ca is
(a) 4200 J a
P1 c
(b) 5000 J
(c) 9000 J P B
V
(d) 9800 J (4P, 3V) V1 V2
32. A sample of ideal monoatomic gas is taken round the cycle
ABCA as shown in the figure. The work done during the
cycle is
(a) Zero (b) 3 PV (c) 6 PV (d) 9PV A C
(P, V) (P, 3V)
V

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 THERMODYNAMICS WORKSHEET
P
33. When a system is taken from state i to a state f along path iaf, Q  50 J and
a f
W  20J. Along path ibf, Q  35J . If W  13 J for the curved return path f i,
Q for this path is
(a) 33 J
(b) 23 J i b
(c) – 7 J V
(d) – 43 J
34. For one complete cycle of a thermodynamic process on a gas as shown in P
the P-V diagram, Which of following is correct
(a) Eint  0, Q  O
(b) Eint  0, Q  0
(c)  Eint  0, Q  0
(d)  Eint  0, Q  0 O V
P C
35. An ideal gas is taken around ABCA as shown in the (2P, 3V)
above P-V diagram. The work done during a cycle is
(a) Zero
1
(b) PV A B
2 (P, V) (P, 3V)
(c) 2 PV O V
(d) PV
36. An ideal gas is taken from point A to the point B, as shown in the P-V diagram, keeping the temperature
constant. The work done in the process is P
(a) (PA  PB )(VB  VA )
PA A
1
(b) (PB  PA )(VB  VA )
2
1
(c) (PB  PA )(VB  VA ) PB B
2
1 O V
(d) (PB  PA )(VB  VA ) VA VB
2
37. The P-V diagram of a system undergoing thermodynamic transformation is P
C
shown in figure. The work done by the system in going from A  B  C is 30J
and 40J heat is given to the system. The change in internal energy between A
and C is
(a) 10 J A B
(b) 70 J V
(c) 84 J
(d) 134 J P
38. Consider a process shown in the figure. During this process the work done
B
by the system A
(a) Continuously increases
(b) Continuously decreases
(c) First increases, then decreases V
(d) First decreases, then increases
39. Six moles of an ideal gas perfomrs a cycle shown in figure. If the temperature are P B C
TA = 600 K, TB = 800 K, TC = 2200 K and TD = 1200 K, the work done per cycle is
(a) 20 kJ A
D
(b) 30 kJ
(c) 40 kJ
(d) 60 kJ T
40. Which of the accompanying PV, diagrams best represents an isothermal process
(a) (b) (c) (d)
P P P P

V V V V

41. In the following figure, four curves A, B, C and D are shown. The curves are
(a) Isothermal for A and D while adiabatic for B and C P
P
(b) Adiabatic for A and C while isothermal for B and D
(c) Isothermal for A and B while adiabatic for C and D A
(d) Isothermal for A and C while adiabatic for B and D
B
C
D
V V

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 THERMODYNAMICS WORKSHEET
P A
42. P-V diagram of a cyclic process ABCA is as shown in figure. Choose the correct
statement
(a) Q A  B = negative
(b) UB C = positive B
C
(c) WCAB = negative
(d) All of these V
43. A sample of an ideal gas is taken through a cycle a shown in figure. It absorbs
B
50J of energy during the process AB, no heat during BC, rejects 70J during CA. P
40J of work is done on the gas during BC. Internal energy of gas at A is 1500J,
the internal energy at C would be
(a) 1590 J
(b) 1620 J C A
(c) 1540 J V
(d) 1570 J
44. In the following P-V diagram two adiabatics cut two isothermals at temperatures T1 and T2 (fig.). The value
V P
of a will be
Vd
a b T1
Vb Vc
(a) (b) d c
Vc Vb
T2
Vd
(c) (d) Vb Vc
Va
Va Vd Vb Vc V
ASSERTION AND REASONING

Read the assertion and reason carefully to mark the correct option out of the options given below:
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If the assertion and reason both are false.
(e) If assertion is false but reason is true.
1. Assertion : Reversible systems are difficult to find in real world.
Reason : Most processes are dissipative in nature
2. Assertion : Air quickly leaking out of a balloon becomes coolers
Reason : The leaking air undergoes adiabatic expansion.
3. Assertion : Thermodynamic process in nature are irreversible.
Reason : Dissipative effects can not be eliminated.
4. Assertion : When a bottle of cold carbonated drink is opened, a slight fog forms around the opening.
Reason : Adiabatic expansion of the gas causes lowering of temperature and condensation of water
vapours.
5. Assertion : The isothermal curves intersect each other at a certain point.
Reason : The isothermal change takes place slowly, so the isothermal curves have very little slope.
6. Assertion : In adiabatic compression, the internal energy and temperature of the system get decreased.
Reason : The adiabatic compression is a slow process
7. Assertion : In isothermal process whole of the heat energy supplied to the body is converted into
internal energy.
Reason : According to the first law of thermodynamics Q  U  pV .
8. Assertion : We can not change the temperature of a body without giving (or taking) heat to (or from) it.
Reason : According to principle of conservation of energy, total energy of a system should remains
conserved.
9. Assertion : The specific heat of a gas is an adiabatic process is zero and in an isothermal process is
infinite.
Reason : Specific heat of a gas in directly proportional to change of heat in system and inversely
proportional to change in temperature.
10. Assertion : Work and heat are two equivalent form of energy.
Reason : Work is the transfer of mechanical energy irrespective of temperature difference, whereas
heat is the transfer of thermal energy because of temperature difference only.
11. Assertion : The heat supplied to a system is always equal to the increase in its internal energy.
Reason : When a system changes from one thermal equilibrium to another, some heat is absorbed by
it.
12. Assertion : A room can be cooled by opening the door of a refrigerator in a closed room.
Reason : Heat flows from lower temperature (refrigerator) to higher temperature (room).
13. Assertion : It is not possible for a system, unaided by an external agency to transfer heat from a body at
lower temperature to another body at higher temperature.
Reason : According to Clausius statement, “ No process is possible whose sole result is the transfer of
heat from a cooled object to a hotter object.
14. Assertion : If an electric fan be switched on in a closed room, the air of the room will be cooled.
Reason : Fan air decrease the temperature of the room.
15. Assertion : The internal energy of an isothermal process does not change.

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 THERMODYNAMICS WORKSHEET

Reason : The internal energy of a system depends only on pressure of the system.
16. Assertion : In an adiabatic process, change in internal energy of a gas is equal to work done on or by the
gas in the process.
Reason : Temperature of gas remains constant in a adiabatic process.
17. Assertion : An adiabatic process is an isoentropic process.
Reason : Change in entropy is zero in case of adiabatic process.
18. Assertion : Work done by a gas in isothermal expansion is more than the work done by the gas in the
same expansion, adiabatically.
Reason : Temperature remains constant in isothermal expansion and not in adiabatic expansion.
19. Assertion : First law of thermodynamics is a restatement of the principle of conservation
Reason : Energy is fundamental quantity.
20. Assertion : Zeroth law of thermodynamic explain the concept of energy.
Reason : Energy is dependent on temperature.
21. Assertion : Efficiency of a Carnot engine increase on reducing the temperature of sink.
Reason : The efficiency of a Carnot engine is defined as ratio of net mechanical work done per cycle by
the gas to the amount of heat energy absorbed per cycle from the source.
22. Assertion : The entropy of the solids is the highest
Reason : Atoms of the solids are arranged in orderly manner.

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 THERMODYNAMICS WORKSHEET

First Law of Thermodynamics (Q = U + W)

1 a 2 c 3 b 4 b 5 c 26 d 27 a 28 b 29 d 30 a
6 b 7 b 8 d 9 a 10 d 31 b 32 c 33 c 34 a 35 a
11 c 12 a 13 d 14 a 15 b 36 b 37 c 38 c 39 b 40 a
16 b 17 c 18 d 19 d 20 b 41 c 42 a 43 a 44 c 45 c
21 a 22 d 23 b 24 a 25 d 46 a 47 c 48 b

Isothermal Process

1 c 2 a 3 c 4 d 5 b 21 b 22 b 23 a 24 a 25 a
6 b 7 c 8 d 9 a 10 c 26 c 27 b 28 b 29 b 30 a
11 a 12 b 13 a 14 a 15 c 31 d
16 c 17 a 18 c 19 a 20 c

Adiabatic Process

1 c 2 c 3 b 4 d 5 c 31 a 32 c 33 d 34 c 35 a
6 d 7 c 8 b 9 a 10 a 36 d 37 b 38 d 39 a 40 d
11 c 12 d 13 b 14 d 15 d 41 c 42 c 43 a 44 a 45 b
16 b 17 a 18 c 19 a 20 c 46 d 47 a 48 b 49 b 50 a
21 d 22 c 23 b 24 c 25 a 51 b 52 d 53 b 54 b 55 d
26 b 27 d 28 a 29 d 30 d 56 b 57 c

Isobaric and Isochoric Processes

1 a 2 c 3 c 4 a 5 a 16 b 17 a 18 d 19 c 20 d
6 c 7 c 8 b 9 d 10 c 21 d 22 d 23 a
11 c 12 a 13 b 14 a 15 d

Heat Engine, Refrigerator and

Second Law of Thermodynamics

1 d 2 c 3 b 4 c 5 b 21 b 22 b 23 c 24 a 25 b
6 d 7 b 8 d 9 b 10 b 26 a 27 d 28 a 29 b 30 c
11 c 12 b 13 c 14 a 15 a 31 a 32 a 33 c 34 d
16 a 17 b 18 d 19 b 20 a

Critical Thinking Questions

1 d 2 c 3 bc 4 c 5 d 16 c 17 b 18 a 19 b 20 c
6 d 7 c 8 d 9 c 10 a 21 b 22 d 23 d 24 b 25 b
11 b 12 c 13 b 14 c 15 a 26 b 27 d 28 c 29 c 30 d

Graphical Questions

1 c 2 b 3 a 4 c 5 a 26 b 27 d 28 c 29 c 30 c
6 a 7 a 8 b 9 c 10 d 31 d 32 b 33 d 34 a 35 d
11 d 12 a 13 b 14 c 15 a 36 d 37 a 38 a 39 c 40 b
16 c 17 a 18 a 19 c 20 d 41 d 42 d 43 a 44 a
21 d 22 d 23 c 24 c 25 d

Assertion & Reason

1 a 2 a 3 a 4 a 5 e 16 c 17 a 18 b 19 c 20 e
6 d 7 e 8 d 9 a 10 a 21 b 22 a
11 d 12 d 13 a 14 d 15 c

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