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International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology

Print ISSN: 2395-1990 | Online ISSN : 2394-4099 (www.ijsrset.com)
doi : https://doi.org/10.32628/IJSRSET2183188

IOT Based Coal Mine Safety Monitoring and Alerting System Prof. A. H. Ansari, Karishma
Shaikh, Pooja Kadu, Nikam Rishikesh Department of Electronics and
Telecommunication Engineering, Pravara Rural Engg. College, Loni, India

ABSTRACT

Article Info Safety is the most vital part of any type of industry. In the mining industry safety and security
Volume 8, Issue 3 is a fundamental aspect of all. To avoid any types of accidents mining industry follows some
Page Number: 404-410 basic precautions. Still accidents take place in underground mines due to rise in temperature,
increased water level, and methane gas leakage. Here we provide safety to worker. When
Publication Issue : worker in danger he can press panic switch inform security. To enhance safety in underground
May-June-2021 mines, a reliable communication system must be established between workers in underground
mines and fixed ground mine system. The communication network must not be interrupted at
Article History any moment and at any condition. A cost effective zigbee based wireless mine supervising
Accepted : 10 June 2021 system with early-warning intelligence is proposed in this project. Worker status can be
Published: 17 June 2021

monitor over IOT.

Keywords — PIC Microcontroller ,wifi / GSM moule ,zigbee ,temperature water level sensor
sensor , gas sensor ,

I. INTRODUCTION spillage of the noxious gases in the coal mines, pose

tremendous hazards to the excavators inside the coal

Mines are the world’s most dangerous place to work because mines. So we’ve designed the coalmine protection system to
in the mines, explosion often happens and thousand people are stay away from this problem. We tackled the issues in our
dying. And a recent report states that in such mine accidents research by testing each of the information collected by the
an average of around 12,000 people have died. Coal is a sensors, we use and finishing the analysis using the Thinger
nonsustainable origin that cannot be widely replaced by system.
humans, there are several mishaps of coalmines occurring in Controlling can be done automatically or manually.
the mines, and the diggers are putting their lives at risk, by
working in the coal mines, even once in a while they end up II. Literature Survey
losing their lives in the coal mines that are an unfortunate part.
Mainly such mishaps happen as a direct result of the old Yongping Wu and Guo Feng implement coal mine monitoring
equipment and wired devices, resulting in the end, mishandling, using the Bluetooth wireless transmission system. As a standard
of unified global short-range wireless communication, Bluetooth
technology is to

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404
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use,
distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
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Prof. A. H. Ansari et al Int J Sci Res Sci Eng Technol, May-June-2021, 8 (3) : 404-410

establish a common low-power, low-cost wireless air if the distance of miner and system is long, miner not
interface and controlling software opening system. get proper message.
This paper describes the development background,
technical features and the structure of the protocol stack
Y ogendra S Dohare and Tanmoy Maity design
of Bluetooth technology, and proposed the solutions of
surveillance and safety system for underground coal
the Bluetooth host controller interface
mines based on Low Power WSN. In this system a low
(HCI) wireless communication for the complexity of its
power, cost-effective, and Zigbee protocol based
development [1].
wireless sensor network that provides an intelligent
Zhenzhen Sun proposed DCS Coal Mine Monitoring surveillance and safety system for underground coal
System Based on RS485 Bus, RS485 bus structure mines. The system consists of wireless connection of
supports multi-point and two-way communication. So, several nodes.

this type of monitoring system can be developed using This network can be easily placed in underground mines
common 8-bit microcontrollers. It has the advantages of and it provides an effectively surveillance and safety
simple circuit structure and low costs. However, due to system for underground coal miners. Especially, it
the adoption of master-slave structure network, it is provides the real-time data communication between
difficult to guarantee the reliability of the network miners and surface

structure. Furthermore, the data transmission distance control room through highly secure, reliable wireless
is limited with a poor real time performance [2-3]. sensor nodes [5]. This system is placed in mine so
problem is created when miner are not in range of the
system. This system only monitor environmental
condition of underground mine but not monitor the health
condition of miner.
Jingjiang Song, Yingli Zhu proposed automatic monitoring
system for coal mine safety based on wireless sensor
network. This system design monitoring for coal mine III. PROPOSED SYSTEM
safety constructed by MSP430F and nRF2401. The
sensor groups of the system intensively monitor
temperature, humidity and other parameters in the Block Diagram Description:
underground mine, parameters measured are sent to
This monitoring system contains several components
wireless communication module by the micro controller.
like boards (PIC board, Xbee module and Zigbee USB
The collected information is sent to long-distance
monitoring center by cable [4]. The problem of this interfacing board), LCD (Liquid crystal display),
different sensors and other small electronic
implementation is that hardware is placed inside the coal
mines, when a natural calamity or a roof fall occurred, components. This chapter gives a detailed review of
the system is damage. So the reliability and long life of each of this part along with its working principle.
conventional communication system is poor. Due to the
In this proposed system the coal mine safety systems
harsh environment inside the mine, the installation and
are fixed with gas sensor modules, temperature sensor,
maintenance of the system is very difficult. The another
problem is that the working condition of coal mine is water level sensor and relays. We integrate all the
sensors to the controller. First we need to create
very noisy and
an account in the ThingSpeak platform. In this system
we mainly have monitoring and controlling systems.
In monitoring system we monitor all the data from
different sensors. Gas sensor detects the gas in the

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Power
supply
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Prof. A. H. Ansari et al Int J Sci Res Sci Eng Technol, May-June-2021, 8 (3) : 404-410

coal mine environment. If the gas level exceeds the normal 1-PIC 18F4520

level then the buzzer gets high so that the mine workers
get notified. These sensor values are continuously
uploaded to the cloud . for analysis and also for further
use. The temperature and water level
values are also monitored inside the coalmine and

send data control unit through zigbee. The proposed

system block diagram shown in fig

Control Unit:

Fig.2. Pin Diagram of PIC 18F4520

Operating frequency 20 MHz 40 pins

2 -ZIGBEE
The CC2500 is a low-cost 2.4 GHz transceiver

designed for very low-power wireless applications.

Fig.1.Block Diagram of the System The circuit is intended for the 2400-2483.5 MHz ISM
(Industrial, Scientific and Medical) and SRD (Short Range
This monitoring system contains several components like Device) frequency band. The RF transceiver is integrated
boards (PIC board, Xbee module and Zigbee USB with a highly configurable baseband modem. The modem
interfacing board), LCD (Liquid crystal display), different supports various modulation formats and has a configurable
sensors and other small electronic
data rate upto 500 k Baud.
components.

Fig-3 Zigbee

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3- LM35 TEMPERATURE SENSOR

Outputs 10mV per Degree that can also be read directly

on multimeter or read in to microcontroller.
For example at 30 degree celcius it will output 300mV
at linear scale. The LM35 series are precision integrated-
circuit temperature sensors, whose output voltage is
linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade)
temperature. The LM35 thus has an advantage over
linear temperature sensors calibrated in ° Kelvin, as the
user is not required to subtract a large constant voltage
from its output to obtain 25 convenient Centigrade Fig.5 -16*2 Lcd Display
scaling.
5 -GSM MODULE

Fig.4-. LM35 Temperature Sensor

4 -16*2 LCD DISPLAY

Fig-6 GSM Module
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)) screen is an electronic This GSM modem has a SIM800A chip and RS232
display module and find a wide range of applications. interface while enables easy connection with the
A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very computer or laptop using the USB to Serial connector or
commonly used in various devices and circuits. These to the microcontroller using the RS232 to TTL converter.
modules are preferred over seven segments and other Once you connect the SIM800 28 modem using the
multi segment LEDs. The reasons being: LCDs are USB to RS232 connector, you need to find the correct
economical; easily programmable; have no limitation of COM port from the Device Manger of the USB to Serial
displaying special & even custom characters (unlike in Adapter. Then you can open Putty or any other terminal
seven segments), animations and so on. A 16x2 LCD software and open an connection to that COM port at
means it can display 16 characters per line and there 9600 baud rate, which is the default baud rate of this
are 2 such lines. In this LCD each character is modem.Once a serial

displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD has two registers, connection is open through the computer or your
namely, Command and Data. microcontroller you can start sending the AT commands.
When you send AT commands for example: "AT\r" you
should receive back a reply from the SIM800 modem
saying "OK" or other response depending on the
command send.

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6- PIEZOELECTRIC BUZZER concentration of gas and develop your program accordingly.

Features

o sealed: yes

o operating power: 3-6V DC / 25mA

o extremely compact, ultrathin construction

o no electrical noise

Fig.12 Diagram Of Gas Sensor

o low current consumption yet high sound pressure level

8 - WATER LEVEL SENSOR

Fig.11 Piezoelectric Buzzer

7 -MQ- GAS SENSOR

Using a MQ sensor it detect a gas is very easy. You can either
use the digital pin or the analog pin to accomplish this. Simply
power the module with 5V and you should notice the power Fig.13- Water Level Sensor

LED on the module to glow and when no gas it detected the

A float switch is a device used to sense the level of
output LED will remain turned off meaning the digital output
pin will be 0V. Remember that these sensors have to be liquid within a tank, it may actuate a pump, an indicator, an
alarm, or other device. A float switch is

kept on for pre-heating time (mentioned in features above) a device used to sense the level of liquid within a tank. The

before you can actually work with it. Now, introduce the switch may actuate a pump, an indicator, an alarm, or other
device. Use them with
sensor to the gas you want to detect and you should see the
output LED to go high along with the digital pin, if not use the hydroponics, saltwater tank, freshwater tank, gardening,

potentiometer until the output gets high. Now every time your aquariums for power head control, pet bowls, fish tanks,

sensor gets introduced to this gas at this particular filtration, heating, pumps, ponds, basement alarms, boats, air

concentration the digital pin will go high (5V) else will remain condition drain pans, pressure washers, carpet cleaning

low (0V). You can also use the analog pin to achieve the mach, reef aquarium, fluid control, ice machines, coffee pots,

same thing. Read the analog values (0-5V) using a marine, automotive, automobiles, tropical fish tanks,

microcontroller, this value will be directly proportional to the evaporator coils, condensation line, in relays, or what ever

concentration of the gas to which the sensor detects. You can your project may be. It can be easily converted from normally

experiment with this open to normally close by inverting the float.

values and check how the sensor reacts to different

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ADVANTAGES:

• Cost is less

• Provide wireless connection security.

• Improved services in coal mine.

AP PLICATIONS

• For Underground Mine System

RESUL:

Fig.14 Control unit

Fig.15 Mine unit

Fig.16 Output on IOT website

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From above graph it is seen that whenever the parameters [7]. Huping Xu, Feng Li, Yancheng Ma, A ZigBee based miner
exceeds the preset limit i.e. when temperature is more than Localization System’, IEEE, 2012. 8 Shuo pang, Ricardo
500C , gas concentration is more than 50 and humidity is more Trujillo, Indoor Localization Using Ultrasonic Time
than 250 then the designed system will show alert message on Difference of Arrival’, IEEE, 2013.
lcd display and buzzer will sound. Also, IOT website gives this
information to distant person hence it helps to prevent dangerous [8]. Yongping Wu, Guo Feng, Zhang Meng, The Study on Coal
hazard . Mine Using the Bluetooth Wireless Transmission’,IEEE,
2014.

[9]. Yuping Zhang, Yinghui Zhang, Chen Li2, Research of Short

IV. REFERENCES Distance Wireless

Communication Technology in the Mine Underground’,IEEE,

[1]. Yongping Wu and Guo Feng, “The study on 2014.
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transmission system” , 2014 IEEE Workshop on Tyagi, Apoorv Kushal Avijit Jain, Indoor and Outdoor
Electronics, Computer and Applications, pp. 1016-1018, Position Identification
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[2]. Xiaolong Feng, Jiansheng Qian, Zhenzhen Sun, Xing Wang, [11]. Mengda Wang, Bing Xue, Wei Wang, Junjie Yang, The
"Wireless Mobile Monitoring System for Tram Rail Design of multi-User Indoor UWB Localization
Transport in Underground Coal Mine Based on WMN," System’,IEEE, 2017.
pp.452-455, 2010 International Conference on [12]. Nisha Dube1, Prof. K.S.Ingle 2 PG Student, Dept. of ECE
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[3]. Yi-ming Tian, You-rui Huang, Yi-qing Huang, "Intelligent Engineering (An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)
Information Processing of WSN Based on Vague Sets Vol. 5, Issue 1, January 2016.
Theory and Applied in Control of Coal Mine
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International Colloquium on Computing, Communication,
Control, and Management, 2008.
Cite this article as :

[4]. Jingjiang Song ,Yingli Zhu and Fuzhou DongK, “automatic

Prof. A. H. Ansari, Karishma Shaikh, Pooja Kadu, Nikam
monitoring system for coal mine safety based on wireless
Rishikesh, "IOT Based Coal Mine Safety Monitoring and Alerting
sensor network”, IEEE Radio Science and Wireless
System", International Journal of Scientific Research in Science,
Technology Conference, pp.933-936, 2011.
Engineering and Technology (IJSRSET), Online ISSN :
2394-4099, Print ISSN : 2395-1990, Volume 8 Issue 3, pp.
[5]. Yogendra S Dohare and Tanmoy Maity, “surveillance and
404-410, Available May-June doi : https://doi.org/10.32628/
safety system for underground coal mines based on Low
2021. at
Power WSN”, IEEE, pp.116-119, 2014.
IJSRSET2183188
“
Mine Journal URL : https://ijsrset.com/IJSRSET2183188
[6]. Valdo Henriques and Reza Malekian,
safety system using wireless sensor network”, IEEE, pp.
1-12, 2016.

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