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FW 5 Intro To Conclusion

1) Taping slopes is an important skill for civil engineers to determine gradients, slopes, and elevations for projects like road construction and drainage planning. 2) Civil engineers use taping techniques to collect information on slope angles, soil characteristics, and water flow patterns to create effective mitigation strategies for slope stability and landslide prevention. 3) Differential leveling is performed to determine elevation differences between two accessible points from a single setup or along a route between benchmark points of known elevation, and is crucial for obtaining accurate elevation data needed for successful civil engineering construction projects.

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34 views

FW 5 Intro To Conclusion

1) Taping slopes is an important skill for civil engineers to determine gradients, slopes, and elevations for projects like road construction and drainage planning. 2) Civil engineers use taping techniques to collect information on slope angles, soil characteristics, and water flow patterns to create effective mitigation strategies for slope stability and landslide prevention. 3) Differential leveling is performed to determine elevation differences between two accessible points from a single setup or along a route between benchmark points of known elevation, and is crucial for obtaining accurate elevation data needed for successful civil engineering construction projects.

Uploaded by

paoskiee.pogi012
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTRODUCTION

Taping on a slope might be difficult since keeping the tape


taut and level is essential. It is a talent that can be readily
learned, though, with a bit of practice. For civil engineers, the
ability to tape on slopes is crucial. It is a helpful skill in many
civil engineering projects and is simple to master with some
practice.

The determination of gradients and slopes is one of the crucial


components of taping on sloping terrain. To determine angles and
slopes, which are essential for road construction, drainage
planning, and foundation stability evaluations, civil engineers must
meticulously measure the horizontal distances and vertical
elevations between various sites on the landscape.

Slope stability is a serious problem, especially where landslides


are common. Civil engineers may create efficient mitigation
strategies to avert disasters and safeguard the environment by
using taping techniques to collect information on slope angles,
soil characteristics, and water flow patterns.
PROCEDURE:
A. Determination of the difference in elevation between two
points, both of which are accessible from a single point
observation.
1. The professor designates the location of two points A and B,
which can be observe from a single instrument set-up and of
considerable difference in elevation.
2. Set-up the level on the suitable point, preferably equidistant
from the assigned points A and B. by driving the tripod firmly on
the ground. Adjust the height of the level to be convenient for
the instrument man by using the leg screw of the tripod.
3. Make sure that the base plate of the level is nearly parallel
to the horizon. Center the bubble such that even if the
instrument is rotated clockwise or counterclockwise in its base,
the bubble remains at the center.
4. Take the backsight (BS) of point A where the leveling rod is
being held vertical with the aid of plumb bob. The reading must
be done up to an accuracy of millimeter or thousand of a
meter.
5. Rotate the telescope until point B is in sight.
6. The rod man must transfer the leveling rod at B and must
hold it in a vertical position with the aid of a plumb bob.
7. Take the foresight (FS) reading of the leveling rod and, again
the reading must be done up to an accuracy of a millimeter or
thousandths of a meter.
8. The difference between these readings will give the difference
in elevation between two points A and B.
9. Repeat procedure 2-9 for the second trial. Preferable,
another member of the group sets the level at a different point,
balance the bubble, and reads the BS and FS to get the
difference in elevation between two points A and B. The mean
difference in elevation of the two trials will be recorded as the
most probable difference in elevation.
B. Determination of the elevation of the point with the aid
of a benchmark of known elevation.
1. The professor designates two points BM1 and BM2. (The party
may or may not use the same points known as A and B in the
above exercise. In order for the two points not to be observed
from a single instrument set-up, if you choose to use the same
two points in exercise A, one must use a different route).
2. Set-up the level on the suitable along the route from BM-1
to BM-2. Adjust the height of the level to suit the height of the
instrument man by using the leg screw of the tripod.
3. Make sure that the base plate of the level is most nearly
parallel to the horizon. Center the bubbles such that even if the
instrument is rotated clockwise or counterclockwise in its base,
the bubbles remain at the center.
4. Take the backsight (BS) of point A where the leveling rod is
being held vertical with the aid of plumb bob. The reading must
be done up to an accuracy of millimeter or thousand of a
meter. The BS reading plus the elevation of BM-1 gives the
height of the instrument (HI).
5. Rotate the telescope until the newly established point to be
observed from the instrument can be sighted and call it turning
point (TP-1) take extra care that TP-1 is almost equidistant
from the instrument the BM-1 is from the instrument.
6. The rod man must transfer the leveling rod at TP-I and must
hold it in a vertical position with the aid of a plumb bob.
7. Take the foresight (FS) reading of the leveling rod and again
the reading must be done up to an accuracy of millimeter of
thousandths of a meter. The elevation of this TP-I is equal to
the HI-FS reading.
8. Transfer the instrument in another location along the route to
BM-2 where the first turning point can be sighted and follow
the same procedures as in 2-8 until you can reach BM-2.
9. One must close the circuit, which means that the same
procedure must be accomplished until you can reach BM-1 to
check immediately its elevation and the accuracy of one’s
leveling work.
COMPUTATIONS
A. Differential Leveling: Without Turning Point (Single Setup)
Sample:
ELEVDif. = BS – FS
ELEVDif. = (216.5 – 57) cm
ELEVDif. = 159.5 cm

MEAN or MOST PROBABLE DIFFERENCE IN ELEVATION:


x = 159.2 + 159.5 / 2 = 159.5 cm

B. Differential Leveling: With Turning Point (Single Roded)


Sample:
HIA = ELEVA + BSA :
10000 cm + 264 = 10264 cm
ELEVB = HIA – FSB :
10264 cm – 90 cm = 10174 cm
CONCLUSION

Accurate elevation data is necessary for the success of


construction projects in civil engineering. Whether using turning
points or not, differential leveling is essential for getting
accurate elevation readings. My enthusiasm for surveying methods
like differential leveling only grows as I dive into the
complexities of civil engineering and see their critical role in
forming our built environment.

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