BDwbU

†`e-†`ex, c~Rv Ges eªZK_v 5

f~wgKv
wn›`ya‡g© Ck¦i GK I AwØZxq| Zuvi †Kv‡bv AvKvi †bB| wZwb hLb wb‡Ri ¸Y ev ¶gZv‡K AvKvi `vb K‡ib, ZLb
Zuv‡K †`eZv e‡j| Ôw`e&Õ avZz †_‡K †`e, †`ex ev †`eZv kãwUi DrcwË n‡q‡Q| w`e& + AP& = †`e| ¯¿xwj‡½ †`ex|
w`e& avZzi A_© cÖKvk cvIqv| ZvB whwb cÖKvk cvb wZwb †`eZv| Ck¦i †h iƒ‡c m„wó K‡ib Zuvi bvg eªþv| †h iƒ‡c
cvjb K‡ib Zuvi bvg weòz| †h iƒ‡c asm K‡ib Zuvi bvg wke| `yM©v kw³i †`ex, mi¯^Zx we`¨vi †`ex, j¶¥x a‡bi
†`ex| GiKg AviI A‡bK †`e-†`ex Av‡Q| c~Rv Ki‡j I eªZ cvjb Ki‡j †`eZviv Lywk nb| gvbyl c~Rv I eªZ
cvj‡bi gva¨‡g †`eZvi K…cv jvf K‡i| †`eZv‡`i c~Rv I eªZ Ki‡j Ck¦i Zv MÖnY K‡ib Ges wZwb Lywk nb| G
BDwb‡U †`e-†`exi cwiPq, ˆew`K-†cŠivwYK-†jŠwKK †`e-†`ex, eªþv, weòy, wke, `yM©v, j²x, mi¯^Zxi eY©bv, †`e-
†`exi c~Rv Ges eªZK_v m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q |

BDwbU mgvwßi m‡e©v”P mgq 1 mßvn

BDwbU mgvwßi mgq

GB BDwb‡Ui cvVmg~n
cvV 5.1 : †`e-†`exi cwiPq I ˆew`K †`e-†`ex
cvV 5.2 : †cŠivwYK I †jŠwKK †`e-†`ex
cvV 5.3 : eªþv, weòz I wke
cvV 5.4 : `yM©v, j²x I mi¯^Zx
cvV 5.5 : c~Rv Ges eªZK_v
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq wn›`yag© I ˆbwZK wk¶v

cvV-5.1 †`e-†`exi cwiPq I ˆew`K †`e-†`ex

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 †`eZv Kv‡K e‡j Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
 †`e-†`exi cwiPq w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
 †e` I cyiv‡Y ewY©Z †`e-†`ex m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 ˆew`K †`e-†`exi cwiPq w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
 ˆew`K †`e-†`exi †kÖwYwefvM m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
 ˆew`K †`e-†`exi Ae¯’vb m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

wbivKvi, iƒc, mxgvnxb, cÖkswmZ, Afxó, `vZv, `xwß, Ae¨³, A`„k¨, ALÛ, wPišÍb, ˆew`K,
†nvgvbj, cÖRw¡ jZ, Ac©Y, wek¦eªþvÛ, hvMKg©, e„nr hÁ, AšÍix¶, wPËvKl©K, ùzwj½eY©, wc½j,
gyL¨ kã (Key `šÍcO&w³, myeY©fv¯^i, wPeyK BZ¨vw`|
ords)

†`e-†`exi cwiPq :
Ck¦i wbivKvi n‡jI wZwb †h-†Kv‡bv iƒc aviY Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Ck¦‡ii ¶gZv mxgvnxb| mxgvnxb Zuvi ¸Y| Ck¦i
hLb wb‡Ri ¸Y ev ¶gZv‡K AvKvi `vb K‡ib, ZLb Zuv‡K †`eZv e‡j| †hgb Ñ eªþv, weòz, wke, `yM©v, j²x,
mi¯^Zx cÖf…wZ †`e-†`ex| †`eZviv ¯‘Z ev cÖkswmZ n‡q Afxó c~iY K‡ib, ZvB Zuviv `vZv| Avevi wb‡R `xwß cvb
Ges Ab¨‡K †mB `xwß Øviv cªKvk K‡ib e‡jI wZwb †`eZv| wewfbœ bv‡g ev iƒ‡c e¨³ n‡jI †`eZviv GK Ae¨³,
A`„k¨ cig eªþ ev Ck¦‡ii wfbœ wfbœ cÖKvk| FM&‡e‡`i GKwU g‡š¿ ejv n‡q‡Q, ÔGKs m`&wecÖvt eûav e`wš—Õ|
A_©vr GK, ALÛ I wPišÍbb eªþ‡K wecÖMY ev Ávbxiv wewfbœ bv‡g AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb| †`eZv‡`i KiyYv jv‡fi Rb¨
c~Rv Kiv nq| c~Rv Ki‡j †`eZviv Lywk nb| gvbyl †`eZv‡`i K…cv jvf K‡i AšÍ‡i myL I kvwš— cvq|
†`e-†`exi c~Rv wewfbœ mg‡q Kiv nq| †Kv‡bv †`e-†`exi c~Rv cÖwZw`bB Kiv nq| †hgb Ñ weòz, wke, j²x
cÖf…wZ| Avevi we‡kl we‡kl wZw_‡Z †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †`e-†`exi c~Rv Kiv nq| †hgb Ñ eªþv, KvwZ©K, mi¯^Zx
cÖf…wZ|
Avgv‡`i Avw` ag©MÖš’ †e‡`i Ici wfwË K‡i cyivY bvgK ag©MÖš’mg~n iwPZ n‡q‡Q| †e` I cyiv‡Y wewfbœ †`e-
†`exi iƒc, kw³, cÖfve, mvgvwRK ¸iyZ¡ Ges c~Rv-cÖYvjx eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| GQvov AviI wKQz †`eZv i‡q‡Qb,
huv‡`i K_v †e` I cyiv‡Y †bB|
wKš‘ f³MY hyM hyM a‡i c~Rv K‡i Avm‡Qb| Gfv‡e Avgiv wZb cÖKvi †`eZvi cwiPq cvB| h_v Ñ 1. ˆew`K
†`eZv, 2.†cŠivwYK †`eZv I 3. †jŠwKK †`eZv

ˆew`K †`e-†`ex :
†e‡` †h mg¯Í †`eZvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q Zv‡K ˆew`K †`eZv e‡j| †hgb Ñ AwMœ, B›`ª, wgÎ, iy`ª, eiyY, evqy, †mvg
cÖf…wZ| ˆew`K †`ex wn‡m‡e mi¯^Zx, Elv, Aw`wZ, ivÎx cÖf…wZ| ˆew`K †`eZv‡`i †Kv‡bv g~wZ© wQj bv| †`eZv‡`i
kixi wQj gš¿gq| †nvgvbj cÖR¡wjZ K‡i ev AwMœi gva¨‡g †`eZv‡`i AvnŸvb Kiv n‡Zv| cÖRw¡ jZ hÁvwMœ‡Z wewfbœ
BDwbU-5 c„ôv-56
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

†`eZvi D‡Ï‡k¨ N„Z, wcVv, cv‡qm, gvsm cÖf…wZ Ac©Y Kiv n‡Zv| wek¦eªþv‡Ûi Kvh©vewj‡K GK e„nr hÁ e‡j g‡b
Ki‡Zb ˆew`K Fwliv| ZvB Zuv‡`i hvMKg© wek¦h‡Ái cÖZxK n‡q DVZ|
AwMœ cÖRw¡ jZ K‡i, †e‡`i gš¿ D”PviY K‡i, kÖ×v Rvbv‡bv, Zuv‡`i Kv‡Q g½j cÖv_©bv Kiv‡KB hÁ e‡j| ˆew`K
hy‡Mi Dcvmbv wQj hÁ wfwËK| ˆew`K g‡š¿ †`eZv‡`i iƒc I ¶gZvi eY©bv Kiv n‡Zv|
†e‡` †`eZv‡`i wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| h_v Ñ
K) ¯^‡M©i †`eZv
L) Aš—ix¶ †jv‡Ki †`eZv
M) gZ©¨ †jv‡Ki †`eZv
K) ¯^‡M©i †`eZv
†h †`eZviv ¯^M©‡jv‡K Ae¯’vb K‡ib Zuviv ¯^‡M©i †`eZv| †hgb Ñ m~h©, hg, eiyY cÖf…wZ| ¯^‡M©i †`eZv‡`i ¶gZv
Amxg| Zuviv gZ©¨‡jv‡K ev c„w_ex‡Z Av‡mb bv|
L) Aš—ix¶ †jv‡Ki †`eZv
¯^M© I g‡Z©¨i gvSvgvwS †h †`eZviv Ae¯’vb K‡ib Zuviv AšÍix¶ †jv‡Ki †`eZv| AšÍix¶ †jv‡Ki †`eZviv g‡Z©¨
Av‡mb wKš‘ _v‡Kb bv| †hgb Ñ B›`ª, evqy cÖf…wZ|
M) gZ©¨ †jv‡Ki †`eZv
gZ©¨ †jv‡K ev c„w_ex‡Z †h †`eZviv Ae¯’vb K‡ib Zuviv gZ©¨ †jv‡Ki †`eZv| gZ©¨ †jv‡Ki ev c„w_exi †`eZviv
c„w_ex‡Z Av‡mb-_v‡Kb| Avgiv Zuv‡`i †`L‡Z cvB| †hgb Ñ AwMœ| AwMœ‡K Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB c„w_ex‡ZI Ae¯’vb
K‡ib| AwMœ‡`e c„w_ex‡Z Ae¯’vb K‡ib e‡j AwMœ cÖRw¡ jZ K‡i †mB AwMœ‡Z N„Z, wcVv, cv‡qm, gvsm cÖf…wZ fv‡jv
fv‡jv wRwbm AwMœi gva¨‡g DrmM© K‡i AvnŸvb Rvbv‡bv nq| AwMœi gva¨‡g Avn~Z Avgv‡`i †`Iqv `ªe¨vw`
†`eZv‡`i Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q hvq|
ˆew`K †`eZv‡`i eY©bv LyeB wPËvKl©K| Avgiv GLv‡b ms‡¶‡c AwMœ †`e Ges Dlv †`exi eY©bv w`w”Q|
AwMœ
FM&‡e‡`i cÖavb †`eZv‡`i Ab¨Zg AwMœ| AwMœ †`eZv‡`i gyL| AwMœgy‡L †`eZvMY †fvRb K‡ib| Gi A_© n‡jv,
AwMœi gva¨‡g †`eZv‡`i Kv‡Q `ªe¨vw` DrmM© Kiv nq| AwMœ‡K Ab¨vb¨ ˆew`K †`eZv‡`i `~ZI ejv n‡q‡Q| KviY
wZwb †`eZv‡`i Kv‡Q hÁKvixi cÖ`Ë `ªe¨ †cuŠ‡Q †`b| AwMœ&B h‡Ái Aej¤^b| †mRb¨ AwMœ‡K ejv n‡q‡Q FwZ¡K,
cy‡ivwnZ I †nvZv| ˆew`K †`eZv‡`i †Kv‡bv weMÖn wQj bv| Z‡e †e‡` kixiavixi g‡Zv K‡i AwMœi eY©bv Kiv
n‡q‡Q| Zuvi gyLgÛj I c„ô‡`k N„ZeY©, †Kkivwk ùzwj½eY©, k¥kÖy wc½j eY© Ges `šÍcO&w³ myeY©fv¯^i, wPeyK
myMwVZ I DbœZ| ˆew`K Avh©MY M„‡n me©`v AwMœ i¶v Ki‡Zb| †mRb¨ AwMœ‡K M„ncwZI ejv nq|
Elv
†e‡` †`eZv‡`i †P‡q †`ex‡`i msL¨v Kg| GB KgmsL¨K †`exi g‡a¨ Elv AZzjbxq n‡q weivR Ki‡Qb|
m~‡h©v`‡qi wVK c~e© gyn‡~ Z© c~e©vKv‡ki †Kv‡Y †h g‡bvgy»Ki AiyY eY© †`Lv hvq, Zv‡KB ejv n‡q‡Q Elv| †mB
¶YwU‡K ejv n‡q‡Q ElvKvj| Avi Elv Kv‡ji AwaôvÎx †`ex n‡jb Elv|
Elv †`ex iv‡Zi AÜKvi `~i K‡i Av‡jv‡Kv¾¡j RM‡Zi mÜvb †`b| Zuvi AvMg‡b RxeRMr Kg©PÂj n‡q I‡V|
gv‡qi g‡Zv wZwb mevB‡K jvjb-cvjb K‡ib| ElvKv‡j Avgiv Nyg †_‡K D‡V mvivw`b fv‡jvfv‡e Pjvi cY Kwi|

 Avgiv †`e-†`exi c~Rv Kwi †Kb ?

A¨vKwUwfwU ( wb‡R  Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB Ggb GKRb †`eZv m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Kiyb|
Kwi) /wk¶v_©xi KvR

BDwbU-5 c„ôv-57
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq wn›`yag© I ˆbwZK wk¶v

mvims‡¶c :

Ck¦‡ii ¶gZv mxgvnxb| mxgvnxb Zuvi ¸Y| Ck¦i hLb wb‡Ri ¸Y ev ¶gZv‡K AvKvi `vb K‡ib, ZLb
Zuv‡K †`eZv e‡j| †hgb Ñ eªþv, weòz, wke, `yM©v, j²x, mi¯^Zx cÖf…wZ †`e-†`ex| †e` I cyiv‡Y wewfbœ
†`e-†`exi iƒc, kw³, cÖfve, mvgvwRK ¸iyZ¡ Ges c~Rv-cÖYvjx eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
†e‡` †h mg¯Í †`eZvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q Zuv‡K ˆew`K †`eZv e‡j| AwMœ, B›`ª, wgÎ, iy`ª, iy`ª, eiyY, evqy, †mvg
cÖf…wZ| ˆew`K †`ex wn‡m‡e mi¯^Zx, Elv, Aw`wZ, ivwÎ cÖf…wZ| ˆew`K †`eZv‡`i †Kv‡bv g~wZ© wQj bv|

cvV-5.2 †cŠivwYK I †jŠwKK †`e-†`ex

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 †cŠivwYK †`e-†`exi cwiPq w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
 †jŠwKK †`e-†`exi cwiPq w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
 kxZjv †`exi c~Rv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|

weMÖn, k•L, PK&ª, M`v, cÙavix, Nbk¨vg, a¨vbvbymvix, AÄwj, ˆb‡e`¨, wZw_, c~RvgÛc BZ¨vw`|
gyL¨ kã/
(Key Words)

†cŠivwYK †`eZv :
cyiv‡Y †h mg¯Í †`eZvi eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q, Zuv‡`i †cŠivwYK †`eZv ejv nq| †hgb Ñ eªþv, weòy, wke, `yM©v,
mi¯^Zx cÖf…wZ| cyiv‡Y ˆew`K †`eZv‡`i A‡b‡Ki iƒ‡ci cwieZ©b N‡U‡Q A‡bK bZzb †`eZvi Avwef©ve N‡U‡Q|
ZvB A‡bK †`eZv‡`i weMÖn ev g~wZ© wbg©vY Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖPwjZ n‡q‡Q †`eZv‡`i c~Rv Kivi c×wZ I wewaweavb|
a¨vbjä †`eZviv †c‡q‡Qb a¨vbvbymvix g~wZ©| †e‡`i weòz‡K †`wL cyiv‡Y k•L-PK&-ª M`v-cÙavix Nbk¨vg weòziƒ‡c|
GQvovI m~h©, AwMœ, B›`ª, eiyY cÖf…wZ ˆew`K †`eZvi D‡jøL cyiv‡Y i‡q‡Q|
g‡š¿ †hfv‡e †`e-†`exi eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q, †mfv‡e Zuv‡`i g~wZ© wbg©vY Kiv n‡q‡Q| †cŠivwYK hy‡M gw›`i wbg©vY K‡i
Zv‡Z †`e-†`exi g~wZ© ¯’vcb K‡i c~Rv Kivi c×wZ cÖPwjZ n‡q‡Q| cÎ-cy‡®úi AÄwj w`‡q ˆb‡e`¨ ev †fvM
mvwR‡q evRbv evwR‡q NUv K‡i †cŠivwYK †`exi c~Rv Kiv nq|
†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †`e-†`exi c~Rv cÖwZw`bB Kiv nq| †hgb Ñ wke, j¶¥x cÖf…wZ| Avevi †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †`e-†`exi
c~Rv we‡kl we‡kl wZw_‡Z Kiv nq| †hgb Ñ eªþv, `yM©v, KvwZ©K, mi¯^Zx cÖf…wZ|
Z‡e cÖwZw`b †h mKj †`e-†`exi c~Rv Kiv nq we‡kl we‡kl wZw_‡ZI Zuv‡`i A‡b‡Ki c~Rv Kiv nq| †hgb Ñ
weòz ev bvivqY, wkemn KwZcq †`eZv|
†jŠwKK †`eZv

BDwbU-5 c„ôv-58
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

†e‡` I cyiv‡Y †h mg¯Í †`eZvi K_v ejv nqwb, wKš‘ f³MY Zuv‡`i c~Rv K‡ib, Zuv‡`i ejv nq †jŠwKK †`eZv|
†hgb Ñ gbmv, kxZjv, †¶Î‡`eZv, `w¶Yvq cÖf…wZ| cieZ©xKv‡j gbmv †`exmn AviI A‡bK †jŠwKK †`eZv
cyiv‡YI Aš—f©y³ n‡q‡Q|
†jŠwKK †`eZv‡`i eY©bv LyeB Zvrch©c~Y©| Avgiv GLv‡b ms‡¶‡c kxZjv †`exi eY©bv w`w”Q|
kxZjv †`exi cwiPq
kxZjv GKRb †jŠwKK †`ex| wZwb emš— †iv‡Mi †`ex| wZwb emšÍ †iv‡Mi `»Zv wbeviY K‡i kxZj K‡ib ZvB
Zvi bvg kxZjv| wewfbœ Pg© †ivM I emš— †ivM †_‡K cwiÎv‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ kxZjvc~Rv Kiv nq| kxZjvi A‡bK
bvg; †hgb Ñ RvMiYx, KiyYvgqx, `qvgqx cÖf…wZ|
kxZjvi iƒc
kxZjv †`ex wn‡m‡e Kzgvix| Zuvi Mv‡qi eY© mv`v| gv_vq KzjvK…wZi gyKzU| M`©f Zuvi evnb| wZwb `ynvZ wewkó|
`ynv‡Z i‡q‡Q c~Y©Kz¤¢ I m¤§vR©bx| KLbI wZwb wb‡gi cvZv enb K‡i _v‡Kb|
kxZjvc~Rvi mgq
mvaviYZ kÖveY gv‡mi ïK¬c‡¶i mßgx wZw_‡Z kxZjv †`exi c~Rv Kiv nq| †ewki fvM †¶‡Î mve©Rbxbfv‡e
kxZjv †`exi c~Rv Kiv nq| Z‡e e¨w³MZ ch©v‡qI kxZjv †`exi c~Rv Kiv n‡q _v‡K| ¯’vqx c~RvgÛ‡c A_ev
kxZjvc~Rvi wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b cy‡ivwn‡Zi gva¨‡g c~Rv Kiv nq|
kxZjvc~Rvi cÖYvggš¿:
Iu bgvwg kxZjs †`exs ivmf¯’vs w`M¤^ixg&|
gv¾©bxKj‡mv‡cZvs m~c©vj¼…Zg¯—Kvg&||
mijv_© : M`©f evnb gvR©bx I Kjm waªqgvY Ñwec`nšÍv kxZjv †`ex‡K cÖYvg Kwi|
kxZjvi gvnvZ¥¨
kxZjv †`ex nv‡Zi m¤§vR©bxi gva¨‡g cweÎ-Ag„Zgq kxZj Rj wQwU‡q †ivM-†kvK-Zvc `~i K‡ib| wb‡gi cvZvi
cik eywj‡q emš— †ivM `~i K‡ib| emšÍ †ivM `~i K‡i kxZj K‡ib e‡j wZwb mK‡ji Kv‡Q mgv`„Z| Aciw`‡K
kxZjv †`ex‡K ¯^v¯’¨wewa cvjb I cwi®‹vi-cwi”QbœZvi †`ex ejv nq| kxZjvc~Rvi gva¨‡g Avgiv my¯^v¯’¨ I
cwi®‹vi-cwi”QbœZvi wel‡q m‡PZb n‡Z cvwi|

 mvgvwRK Rxe‡b kxZjv †`exi cÖfve m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Kiyb|

A¨vKwUwfwU ( wb‡R
Kwi) /wk¶v_©xi KvR

mvims‡¶c :

cyiv‡Y †h mg¯— †`eZvi eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q, Zuv‡`i †cŠivwYK †`eZv ejv nq| †hgb Ñ eªþv, weòy, wke, `yM©v,
mi¯^Zx cÖf…wZ| †e‡` I cyiv‡Y †h mg¯Í †`eZvi K_v ejv nqwb, wKš‘ f³MY Zuv‡`i c~Rv K‡ib, Zuv‡`i ejv nq
†jŠwKK †`eZv| †hgb Ñ gbmv, kxZjv, †¶Î‡`eZv, `w¶Yvq cÖf…wZ| cÎ-cy‡®úi AÄwj w`‡q ˆb‡e`¨ ev †fvM
mvwR‡q evRbv evwR‡q NUv K‡i †cŠivwYK †`eZvi c~Rv Kiv nq| mve©Rbxbfv‡e I e¨w³MZ ch©v‡q †jŠwKK
†`eц`exi c~Rv Kiv n‡q _v‡K| ¯’vqx c~RvgÛ‡c A_ev c~Rvi wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b cy‡ivwn‡Zi gva¨‡g †jŠwKK
†`eц`exi c~Rv Kiv nq|

BDwbU-5 c„ôv-59
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq wn›`yag© I ˆbwZK wk¶v

cvV-5.3 eªþv, weòz I wke

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 eªþvi cwiPq w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
 eªþvi iƒ‡ci eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 weòzi iƒ‡ci eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 weòzi cÖYvggš¿ ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
 wk‡ei iƒ‡ci eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 wk‡ei gvnvZ¥¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

eªþvÛ, AwPšÍ¨, Awb‡`©k¨, A‡hvwbm¤¢e, RMbœv_, RbK, weòy, bvivqY, DgvcwZ, mvweÎxcwZ,
weiƒcv¶, ¯‹›`-†mbvcwZ, PZzgy©L, ci‡gôx, wniY¨Mf©, ¯^q¤¢~, ci‡gôx, ¯’vYy, mw¤§wjZ, w¯’wZ,
gyL¨ kã/ cÖwZcvjK, cvw_©e, wPiZiyY, wÎg~wZ©, wÎbv_, K…ò, †Mvwe›`, wÎweµg, k•L, cvÂRb¨, Pµ,
(Key Words) my`k©b, AZy¨¾¡j, msnvi, `yó, `gb, wkó, bvU¨kv¯¿, b„Z¨kv¯¿, iy`ª, wÎcyivwi, †fvjvbv_, ˆe`¨bv_,
bxjKÉ, Avï‡Zvl, gš’b, ˆke BZ¨vw` |

eªþv
Ck¦i †h iƒ‡c m„wó K‡ib Zuvi bvg eªþv| eªþv †_‡KB eªþvÛ n‡q‡Q| gnvfvi‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q Ñ eªþv mKj cÖvYxi
bgm¨, Zuv‡K A‡bK bv‡g WvKv n‡q‡Q| †hgb Ñ AwPšÍ¨, Awb‡`©k¨, mK‡ji cÖvY, A‡hvwbm¤¢e, RMbœv_, †e‡`i
RbK, weòy, bvivqY, DgvcwZ, mvweÎxcwZ, weiƒcv¶, ¯‹›`-†mbvcwZ| ag©m~‡Î eªþvi cuvPwU bvg| †hgb Ñ eªþv,
PZzgy©L, ci‡gôx, wniY¨Mf© I ¯^q¤¢~| M„n¨m~‡Î eªþvi QqwU bvg †hgb Ñ eªþv, cÖRvcwZ, ci‡gôx, ¯’vYy, wke, ke©|
eªþv m¤ú~Y© †cŠivwYK †`eZv n‡jI wewfbœ ˆew`K †`eZvi ¸Y-Kg© mw¤§wjZ n‡q eªþvi Avwef©ve N‡U‡Q|
eªþvi iƒc
eªþv c~‡e© wbivKvi wQ‡jb| c‡i Avwef~©Z n‡jb|
cÙcyiv‡Y eªþvi ¯—‡e eªþv‡K m~h© wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv
n‡q‡Q| †`eZv‡`i ¯^iƒc wePv‡i eªþv m~h©vwMœi iƒc‡f`|
wZwb wegj, ¯^Y©gq, my›`i, AwMœR¡wjZ wkLvi g‡Zv D¾¡j|
me©gq gyLwewkó| Zuvi gy‡L AwMœ, `uv‡Z hÁ, †ivgivwR
Z…‡Yi g‡Zv| Zuvi `xwß RMr msmv‡i e¨vc„Z|

eªþvc~Rvi mgq Qwe : eªþv

eªþvc~Rv cÖvZ¨wnK c~Rv bq| we‡kl w`‡b evi-wZw_-b¶Î Abymv‡i eªþvc~Rv Kiv nq| evi-wZw_-b¶Î Abymv‡i eªþv
¯^M-© gZ©¨-cvZv‡j Ae¯’vb K‡ib| †hw`b g‡Z©¨ Ae¯’vb K‡ib †mw`b eªþvc~Rv Kiv nq|

BDwbU-5 c„ôv-60
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

eªþvi gvnvZ¥¨
wZwb GB c„w_ex I c„w_exi mewKQz m„wó K‡i‡Qb| we‡kl K‡i AvKvk, cvnvo-ce©Z, mgy`ª, b`-b`x, †gN-wkwki,
cÖvwYeM© cÖf…wZ| m„wó QvovI eªþv bvU¨kv¯¿, ev¯‘kv¯¿ cÖf„wZ kv‡¯¿i D™¢veK| eªþv‡K avZv ev weavZv, m„wóKZ©v ejv
nq| wZwb †`eZv‡`i ¸iy| mKj †`emËv eªþv‡ZB GKvKvi n‡q †M‡Q| †Kbbv eªþv, weòz, wke wZ‡b GK, G‡K
wZb| eªþvi ¯^iƒc w`ev‡jv‡Ki g‡ZvB fv¯^i| eªþv †`eZv-`vbe-gvb‡ei ¸iy-mªóv-wcZvgn|
eªþv m„wó we¯Ív‡ii Rb¨ cÖ_‡g Zuvi gvbmcyÎ Fwl‡`i m„wó K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ Fwliv eskwe¯Ív‡i g‡bv‡hvM w`‡jb bv|
ZLb eªþv cÖ_g bvix I cyi‡li m„wó Ki‡jb| cÖ_g m„wó cyiy‡li bvg ¯^vq¤¢ye gby Avi bvixi bvg kZiƒcv| gbyi
mšÍvb e‡j Avgiv gvbe bv‡g cwiwPZ|
weòz cyivY g‡Z eªþvB bvivqY| wZwb grm¨vw` AeZviiƒc cwiMÖn K‡iwQ‡jb| eivn AeZviI ZuviB| ivgvq‡Y
eªþvB eivng~wZ© cwiMÖn K‡i RMr‡K i¶v K‡i‡Qb|
weòz
Ck¦i †h iƒ‡c m„wó‡K cvjb K‡ib Zuvi bvg weòz| Aciw`‡K wek¦‡K cvjb Kivi
kw³B weòz| weòz m„wói w¯’wZ cÖwZcvj‡Ki †`eZv| wek¦‡K cÖKvk K‡i weivR
K‡ib e‡j Zuvi bvg weòz| GB we‡k¦ hv wKQz Av‡Q weòz Zv cvjb K‡ib, i¶v
K‡ib| †e‡` weòz †`eZvi D‡jøL Av‡Q| †e‡` ejv n‡q‡Q, weòz cvw_©e †jvK
cwigvc K‡i‡Qb| wekvj Zuvi kixi, wZwb wPiZiyY| cyiv‡Y ejv n‡q‡Q weòz
m„wói cvjK| eªþv, weòy I wke †cŠivwYK †`eZv‡`i g‡a¨ cÖavb| GB wZbRb
†`eZv‡K GK‡Î wÎg~wZ© ev wÎbv_ ejv nq| myZivs GB weòy wÎg~wZ©i Ab¨Zg|
weòzi A‡bK bvg| †hgb Ñ bvivqY, K…ò, †Mvwe›`, wÎweµg cªf…wZ|
weòzi iƒc
weòzi Mv‡qi is Puv‡`i Av‡jvi g‡Zv| Zuvi PviwU nvZ| Pvi nv‡Z PviwU `ªe¨
_v‡K| Ic‡ii w`KKvi euv nv‡Z _v‡K weòzi k•L| GB k‡•Li bvg ÔcvÂRb¨Õ|
Ic‡ii w`KKvi Wvb nv‡Z _v‡K weòzi Pµ| GB P‡µi bvg Ômy`k©bÕ| Zuvi
wb‡Pi w`‡Ki euv nv‡Z _v‡K M`v Ges Wvb nv‡Z _v‡K cÙ| weòzi evnb Miyo
cvwL| weòz ˆeKz‡É Ae¯’vb K‡ib|
weòzc~Rvi mgq
weòz c †`eZvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg| mKj †`eZvi c~Rv Kivi mgq weòzi c~Rv Kiv
nq| weòzc~Rvi †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó w`b-¶Y †bB| †h-†Kv‡bv w`‡b †h-†Kv‡bv mg‡q Qwe : weòz
weòzc~Rv Kiv hvq|
weòzi cÖYvg gš¿
weòzi cÖYvg gš¿ n‡jv Ñ
b‡gv eªþY¨‡`evq †MveªvþYwnZvq P|
RMw×Zvq K…òvq †Mvwe›`vq b‡gv bgt||
A_©vr Ñ eªþY¨‡`e‡K bg¯‹vi| †Mv-eªvþ‡Yi wnZKvix Ges RM‡Zi g½jKvix K…ò‡K Ñ †Mvwe›`‡K bg¯‹vi|
weòz wewfbœ AeZviiƒ‡c c„w_ex‡Z G‡m `y‡ói `gb wk‡ói cvjb K‡i ag© ¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| cyiv‡Y Zuvi bvbv
AeZv‡ii K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| †hgb Ñ grm¨ AeZvi, K‚g© AeZvi, b„wmsn AeZvi, ciïivg AeZvi, ivg AeZvi
cÖf…wZ|
weòzi gvnvZ¥¨
weòz gay, ˆKUf, wniY¨Kwkcy cÖf…wZ ˆ`Z¨‡`i ea K‡i‡Qb| K…òiƒ‡c Zuvi K…wZZ¡ AZy¨¾¡j n‡q i‡q‡Q| wZwb
K…òiƒ‡c Ksm I wkïcvj cÖf…wZ AZ¨vPvix ivRv‡K ea K‡i‡Qb| Kziy-cvÛ‡ei hy‡×i mg‡q a‡g©i c‡¶ cvÛe‡`i

BDwbU-5 c„ôv-61
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq wn›`yag© I ˆbwZK wk¶v

c‡¶ Ae¯’vb wb‡qwQ‡jb| kÖxg`&fMe`&MxZvq kÖxK…‡òi Dc‡`k msKwjZ n‡q‡Q| MxZv mbvZb a‡g©i cÖavb I
wbZ¨cvV¨ ag©MÖš’| GQvov weòzcyivY, fMeZ cyivY cÖf…wZ cyiv‡YI weòzi ev K…‡òi gvnvZ¥¨ eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
weòzc~Rvi ¸iyZ¡ Acwimxg| weòzi f³‡`i ˆeòe ejv nq| weòz‡K ¯§iY Ki‡j mg¯Í cvc `~ixf~Z nq| ü`q cweÎ
nq| g‡b kvwšÍ Av‡m | f³MY cig kª×vq weòzi Dcvmbv K‡ib|
wke
Ck¦i †h †`eZviƒ‡c msnvi ev aŸsm K‡ib Zuvi bvg wke| cÖK…Zc‡¶ wke g½‡ji †`eZv| g½‡ji Rb¨ wZwb
aŸsm K‡ib| wZwb aŸsm K‡i mgZv i¶v K‡ib| wZwb `y‡ói `gb I wk‡ói cvjb K‡ib| wZwb wPwKrmvkv¯¿,
bvU¨kv¯¿ I b„Z¨kv¯¿mn eû we`¨vq cvi`k©x|
†e‡` mivmwi wk‡ei D‡jøL bv _vK‡jI wk‡ei Abyiƒc GKRb †`eZvi D‡jøL Av‡Q, Zuvi bvg iy`ª | iy`ª kÎyc‡¶i
exi‡`i webvk K‡ib, wZwb †ivM-e¨vwa niY K‡ib| cyiv‡Y wke‡K gnv‡`e ejv n‡q‡Q| wke wÎg~wZ©i Ab¨Zg|
†jŠwKK †`eZviƒ‡cI wk‡ei c~Rv cÖPwjZ Av‡Q|
wk‡ei iƒc
wk‡ei Mv‡qi is Zzlv‡ii g‡Zv mv`v| Zuvi gv_vq RUv Av‡Q| Zuvi wZbwU
†PvL| GKwU †PvL Kcv‡ji gvSLv‡b| Zuvi gv_vi GK cv‡k GKwU euvKv
Puv` i‡q‡Q| wk‡ei nv‡Z _v‡K Wgiy I wk½v bvgK ev`¨hš¿ Ges wÎk~j
bvgK A¯¿| Zuvi Mjvq _v‡K iy`ªv‡¶i gvjv| GQvov mc© Zuvi A‡½i
Aj¼vi| wk‡ei evnb e„l| wk‡ei A‡bK bvg| †hgb Ñ gnv‡`e,
wÎcyivwi, †fvjvbv_, ˆe`¨bv_, bxjKÉ, Avï‡Zvl BZ¨vw`|
wkec~Rvi mgq
wke c †`eZvi Ab¨Zg| mKj †`eZvi c~Rv Kivi mgq wkec~Rv Kiv
nq| Z‡e we‡klfv‡e dvêyb gv‡mi K…òc‡¶i PZz`©kx wZw_‡Z NUv K‡i
wk‡ei c~Rv Kiv nq| G wZw_‡K wkePZz`©kx wZw_ ejv nq|
Qwe : wke
wk‡ei gvnvZ¥¨
wke msnv‡ii ci m„wó K‡ib | wke GKRb gnvb wk¶K| wk¶K wn‡m‡e wZwb bvU¨ I b„‡Z¨i wb‡`©kbv
w`‡q‡Qb| bvU¨ I b„‡Z¨i cvi`wk©Zvi Rb¨ Zuv‡K bUivR ejv nq| wPwKrmvq `¶Zvi Rb¨ Zuv‡K ˆe`¨bv_ ejv nq|
wZwb MRvmyi‡K ea K‡i Zvi Pg©‡K cwi‡aq K‡i‡Qb| †`eZv I ˆ`Z¨iv GKÎ n‡q hLb mgy`ª gš’b K‡iwQ‡jb,
ZLb cÖ_‡g wel I‡V| GB wel wZwb PzgyK w`‡q cvb K‡i K‡É †i‡L †`b| GRb¨ Zuvi KÉ bxj n‡q hvq| ZvB
Zuvi GK bvg bxjKÉ| wZwb h‡¶i hÁ aŸsm K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jb| gnvfvi‡Zi wKivZ bvgK Awaevmxi †e‡k wZwb
AR©y‡bi exiZ¡ cix¶v K‡iwQ‡jb Ges AR©yb‡K A¯¿ w`‡qwQ‡jb| wkecyivYmn A‡bK cyiv‡Y wk‡ei gvnvZ¥¨ eY©bv
Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cig kª×vi m‡½ f³iv wk‡ei c~Rv K‡ib| wk‡ei DcvmK‡`i ˆke ejv nq|

 m„wóKZ©v wn‡m‡e eªþvi K…wZZ¡ Av‡jvPbv Ki|

 `y‡ói `gb Avi wk‡ói cvj‡b weòzi K…wZZ¡ eY©bv Kiyb|
A¨vKwUwfwU ( wb‡R  wk‡ei exiZ¡ m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Kiyb |
Kwi) /wk¶v_©xi KvR

BDwbU-5 c„ôv-62
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

mvims‡¶c :
Ck¦i †h iƒ‡c m„wó K‡ib Zuvi bvg eªþv| eªþv †_‡KB eªþvÛ n‡q‡Q| eªþv m¤ú~Y© †cŠivwYK †`eZv n‡jI
wewfbœ ˆew`K †`eZvi ¸Y-Kg© mw¤§wjZ n‡q eªþvi Avwef©ve N‡U‡Q| eªþvc~Rv cÖvZ¨wnK c~Rv bq| we‡kl
w`‡b evi-wZw_-b¶Î Abymv‡i eªþvc~Rv Kiv nq| wZwb GB c„w_ex I c„w_exi mewKQz m„wó K‡i‡Qb|
Ck¦i †h iƒ‡c m„wó‡K cvjb K‡ib Zuvi bvg weòz| K…òiƒ‡c Zuvi K…wZZ¡ i‡q‡Q| kÖxg`&fMe`&MxZvq kÖxK…‡òi
Dc‡`k msKwjZ n‡q‡Q| MxZv mbvZb a‡g©i cÖavb I wbZ¨cvV¨ ag©MÖš’| weòz‡K ¯§iY Ki‡j mg¯Í cvc
`~ixf~Z nq| ü`q cweÎ nq| g‡b kvwšÍ Av‡m|
Ck¦i †h †`eZviƒ‡c msnvi ev aŸsm K‡ib Zuvi bvg wke| cÖK…Zc‡¶ wke g½‡ji †`eZv| g½‡ji Rb¨
wZwb aŸsm K‡ib| wZwb aŸsm K‡i mgZv i¶v K‡ib| cyiv‡Y wke‡K gnv‡`e ejv n‡q‡Q| wke wÎg~wZ©i
Ab¨Zg| †jŠwKK †`eZviƒ‡cI wk‡ei c~Rv cÖPwjZ Av‡Q|

cvV-5.4 `yM©v, j²x I mi¯^Zx

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 `yM©vi cwiPq w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
 `yM©vi iƒ‡ci eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 `yM©vi cÖYvggš¿ ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
 `yM©vi gvnvZ¥¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 j²xi cwiPq w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
 j²xi iƒ‡ci eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 j²xi cÖYvggš¿ ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
 j²xi gvnvZ¥¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 mi¯^Zxi cwiPq w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
 mi¯^Zxi iƒ‡ci eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 mi¯^Zxi cÖYvggš¿ ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
 mi¯^Zxi gvnvZ¥¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Av`¨vkw³, gnvgvqv, `yM©wZ, bvk, `yM©g, gvK©‡Ûq, gvnvZ¥¨, ei, ejxqvb, weZvwoZ, †Z‡RvcyÄ,
gwnlvmyigw`©bx, gnvgvqv, Rq`yM©v, RM×vÎx, k~wjbx, M‡Ük¦ix, kvK¤¢ix, eb`yM©v, KvZ¨vqbx, AZmx,
gyL¨ kã/ Hk¦h©, mg„w×, gš’b, f~wlZ, ev`¨, Qov, i³cÙ, AjsKvi, A¼zk, ¯^Y©cÙ, cvk, ïK¬c¶,
(Key Words) wek¦vmNvZK, K„ZNœ, †MvRvMix, m½xZ, bvU¨Kjv, wPÎKjv, fv¯‹h©, m„wókxj, myKzgvi, ïå, Dcweó,
†k¦Znsm, me©ïK¬v, cÂgx, exYvcvwY, wek¦iƒcv, AwaKvwiYx, AwaôvÎx, RvW¨vcnv, Av‡jvwKZ
BZ¨vw`|

BDwbU-5 c„ôv-63
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq wn›`yag© I ˆbwZK wk¶v

`yM©v :
`yM©v kw³i †`ex | wZwb Av`¨vkw³ gnvgvqv| wZwb gnvRvMwZK kw³i Awak¦ix| wZwb `yM©wZ bvk K‡ib e‡j Zuv‡K
`yM©v ejv nq| Avevi wZwb `yM©g bvgK Amyi‡K bvk K‡i‡Qb| GRb¨ Zuvi bvg `yM©v| †`ex `yM©vi evnb wmsn|
`yM©vc~Rv wn›`y‡`i me‡P‡q eo Drme|
gvK©‡Ûq cyiv‡Yi AšÍM©Z ÔkÖxkªxPÛxÕ bvgK MÖ‡š’ `yM©vi m„wó Kvwnbx I gvnvZ¥¨ eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| ZvB `yM©vc~Rvq PÛx
cvV Kiv nq| kÖxkªxPÛx‡Z ejv nq‡Q Ñ eªþvi e‡i ejxqvb n‡q gwnlvmyi bvgK GK Amyi †`eZv‡`i civwRZ K‡i
¯^M©ivR¨ `Lj K‡i| †`eZviv ¯^M© †_‡K weZvwoZ nb| ¯^M©ivR B›`ªmn mKj †`eZviv wgwjZ n‡q eªþv I wk‡ei
Kv‡Q hvb| Zvici eªþvi civg‡k© mevB wg‡j weòzi Kv‡Q hvb| gwnlvmy‡ii AZ¨vPv‡ii Kvwnbx ï‡b mevB µy× nb|
Zuv‡`i kixi †_‡K †ZR †ei n‡Z _v‡K| mKj †`eZv‡`i †ZR GKwÎZ n‡q GK †ZRtcy‡Äi m„wó nq| †mB
†ZRtcyÄ GK bvixi iƒc †bq| GB bvixB †`ex `yM©v| `yM©vi A‡bK bvg Ñ gwnlvmyigw`©bx, gnvgvqv, Rq`yM©v,
RM×vÎx, k~wjbx, M‡Ük¦ix, kvK¤¢ix, eb`yM©v, KvZ¨vqbx BZ¨vw` iƒ‡cI `yM©v c~wRZ nb|
†`ex `yM©vi iƒc
†`ex `yM©vi `k nvZ| Zuvi `k nvZ e‡jB Zuv‡K `kfyRv ejv nq| Zuvi `kwU
nvZ I wZbwU †PvL i‡q‡Q| GRb¨ Zuv‡K wÎbqbv ejv nq| Zuvi evg †PvL P›`ª,
Wvb †PvL m~h© Ges Kcv‡ji Dci Aew¯’Z †PvL‡K Ávb †PvL ejv nq| Zuvi
nv‡Z `kwU A¯¿ i‡q‡Q hv kw³i cÖZxK| me‡P‡q kw³ai cÖvYx wmsn Zuvi
evnb| †`ex wn‡m‡e `yM©vi Mv‡qi is AZmx dz‡ji g‡Zv †mvbvjx njy`| wZwb
Zuvi `k nvZ w`‡q `k w`K †_‡K AKj¨vY `~i K‡ib Ges Avgv‡`i Kj¨vY
K‡ib| †`ex `yM©vi Wvbw`‡Ki cuvP nv‡Zi A¯¿¸‡jv h_vµ‡g wÎk~j, LoM,
Pµ, evY I kw³ bvgK A¯¿| evgw`‡Ki cuvP nv‡Zi A¯¿¸‡jv h_vµ‡g k•L,
Xvj, NÈv, A¼zk I cvk| G mKj A¯¿ †`ex `yM©vi Amxg kw³ I ¸‡Yi
cÖZxK|

`yM©vc~Rvi mgq Qwe : †`ex `yM©v

eQ‡i `yevi `yM©vc~Rv AbywôZ nq| kirKv‡j I emšÍKv‡j| kirKv‡j AbywôZ nq e‡j `yM©vc~Rv‡K kvi`xq `yM©vc~Rv
e‡j|
emšÍKv‡j AbywôZ nq e‡j `yM©vc~Rv‡K evmšÍx `yM©vc~Rv e‡j| Z‡e kvi`xq `yM©vc~Rv cÖwm×| kvi`xq `yM©vc~Rv Avwk¦b
gv‡mi ïK¬c‡¶i lôx †_‡K `kgx ch©šÍ AbywôZ nq|
`yM©vi cÖYvggš¿
me©g½jg½‡j¨ wk‡e me©v_©mvwa‡K|
ki‡Y¨ Ψ¤^‡K †MŠwi bvivqwY b‡gvn¯‘ †Z|| (kªxkªxPÛx, 11/10/11)
mijv_©
†n mKj cÖKvi g½j`vwqbx, g½jgqx, me©v_©mvwaKv, wÎbqbv, †MŠix, bvivqYx, †Zvgv‡K bg¯‹vi|
`yM©vi gvnvZ¥¨
†`ex `yM©v Ck¦‡ii kw³| Zuv‡K Av`¨vkw³ ejv nq| wZwb gnvgvqv| c„w_exi Rxe I RM‡Zi g‡a¨ †h gvqv Zv
gnvgvqviB gvqv| †`ex-cyivYmn A‡bK cyivY I Zš¿kv‡¯¿ †`ex `yM©vi gvnvZ¥¨ eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| †e‡`I `yM©vi D‡jøL
Av‡Q|
`yM©v hy‡×i mv‡R mw¾Z n‡q _v‡Kb| `k nv‡Zi A¯¿ w`‡q wZwb hy× K‡i _v‡Kb| avwg©K‡K wZwb i¶v K‡ib Ges
Aavwg©K‡K webvk K‡ib|

BDwbU-5 c„ôv-64
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

me© cª_‡g emšÍKv‡j evmšÍx `yM©vc~Rv n‡Zv| ivRv myi_ I mgvwa ˆek¨ emšÍKv‡j `yM©vc~Rv K‡iwQ‡jb| ivRv
kÖxivgP›`ª AKv‡j A_©vr emšÍKvj Qvov Ab¨ GKwU Kv‡j Ñ kirKv‡j `yM©vc~Rv K‡ib| kvi`xq `yM©vc~RvB cÖwm×| G
c~Rv wn›`y‡`i me‡P‡q eo c~Rv Ges eo ag©xq Drme| Gmgq cÖK…wZ I gvbe g‡b Avb‡›`i mvov c‡o hvq|
`yM©vc~Rvi mgq †gjv AbywôZ nq|
†`ex `yM©v Avgv‡`i kw³ I mvnm `vZv| wZwb Avgv‡`i `yM©wZ I `ytL-Kó †_‡K cwiÎvY K‡ib| †Kv_vI hvÎv Kivi
mgq Ô`yM©v `yM©vÕ e‡j hvÎv Ki‡Z nq| Zvn‡j hvÎvq ïf nq|
`yM©v gywnlvmyi Qvov A‡bK Amyi ea K‡i‡Qb| †h-†Kv‡bv Ab¨vq-AZ¨vPv‡ii cªwZweav‡bi mgq †`ex `yM©v Avgv‡`i
†cÖiYv|
j²x
j²x GKRb †cŠivwYK †`ex| Ck¦i †h kw³iƒ‡c Hk¦h© cÖKvk K‡ib †m †`exB j²x | wZwb ab-m¤ú`, myL I
mg„w× `vb K‡ib| cÖ‡Z¨K wn›`yevwo‡ZB j²x c~Rv Kiv nq| wZwb Avgv‡`i Ck¦‡ii Hk¦h© †evSvi ¶gZv `vb
K‡ib| cyiv‡Y Av‡Q †`eZv I ˆ`Z¨iv wg‡j GKevi mgy`ª gš’b K‡ib| †mB mgy`ª gš’‡bi mgq j²x †`ex mgy`ª
†_‡K D‡V Av‡mb| cyiv‡Y j²x‡K bvivq‡Yi ¯¿xiƒ‡c eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| j²xc~Rvq NÈv ev`¨ wbwl×|
j²xi iƒc
j²x †`ex AZzjbxq my›`ix| wZwb †MŠieY©v| Zuvi `ywU nvZ| Wvb nv‡Z
cÙ dzj| evg nv‡Z k‡m¨i Qov| euv †Kv‡j ab-m¤ú‡`i cvÎ| j²x
†`ex me© cÖKvi AjsKv‡i f~wlZ| gv_vq †mvbvi gyKzU| wZwb i³cÙ
Avm‡b Dcweó| cyiv‡Y j²x †`exi Av‡iKwU eY©bv cvIqv hvq|
†mLv‡b †`Lv hvq, j²x †`exi Pvi nvZ| Zuvi GK nv‡Z cvk (`woi
duvm) I A¶gvjv| Av‡iK nv‡Z cÙdzj I A¼zk ( nvwZ-Pvjbvi `Û
)| GKwU nv‡Z ¯^Y©cÙ| GKwU Wvb nvZ Zz‡j wZwb f³‡K `vb Ki‡Qb
ei I Afq| Zuvi evnb j²x †cuPv|
j²xc~Rvi mgq
j²x †`exi c~Rv wbZ¨ c~Rv| cªwZ e„n¯úwZevi mܨvq I iv‡Z j²x
†`exi c~Rv Kiv nq| GQvovI eQ‡ii wewfbœ mg‡q we‡klfv‡e
j²xc~Rv c~Rv Kiv nq| Avwk¦b gv‡mi ïK¬c‡¶i c~wY©gv wZw_‡Z cÖwZgv
wbg©vY K‡i NUv K‡i c~Rv Kiv nq|
G c~wY©gv‡K j²xc~wY©gv ev †MvRvMix c~wY©gv ejv nq| `yM©vc~Rvi mgqI
j²xc~Rv Kiv nq| Qwe : j²x †`ex
j²xi cÖYvggš¿
Iu wek¦iƒcm¨ fvh©vwm c‡Ù cÙvj‡q ï‡f|
me©Zt cvwn gvs †`we gnvjw² b‡gvn¯‘ †Z||
mijv_©
†n †`ex Kj¨vYx, Zzwg mKj‡K ïf dj `vI| Avwg †Zvgv‡K cÖYvg KiwQ| Avgv‡K me©cÖKv‡i i¶v Ki gv|
j²xi gvnvZ¥¨
j²x †`ex Ck¦‡ii Hk¦h©‡K cÖKvk K‡ib| wZwb Avgv‡`i ïay cvw_©e ab-m¤ú`B `vb K‡ib bv, wZwb Avgv‡`i
Ck¦ifw³ †`b, Ck¦‡ii weivUZ¡ I gwngv‡K, Hk¦h© †evSvi ¶gZv `vb K‡ib| j²x †`ex mgy`ª m¤¢ev A_©vr wZwb
mgy‡`ªi g‡Zv wekvj| fvMe‡Z j²x †`ex‡K ÔRxe‡bvcvqiƒwcYxÕ ejv n‡q‡Q| j²x †`ex me©Rx‡ei Rxeb avi‡Yi
Rb¨ RxweKvi Dcvq K‡i †`b|
j²x †`exi †mŠ›`h© kvšÍ I †mŠg¨| GB †mŠ›`h© g‡b kÖ×v I cÖkvwšÍ RvwM‡q †Zv‡j| ZvB kvšÍ-my›`i †Kv‡bv †g‡q‡K
e‡j Ôj²x †g‡qÕ| ag©MÖ‡š’ j²x †`ex wb‡RB e‡j‡Qb Ñ Ck¦i, wcZv-gvZv, ¸iy, AwZw_ cÖf…wZ‡K †h mKj evwo‡Z
kÖ×v Kiv nq bv, wZwb †m mKj evwo‡Z KLbI cÖ‡ek K‡ib bv| GQvov †h mKj evwo‡Z SMiv‡U, wek¦vmNvZK,
BDwbU-5 c„ôv-65
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq wn›`yag© I ˆbwZK wk¶v

K„ZNœ Ges †bB †bB e‡j nvnvKvi K‡i Ggb †jvK _v‡K j²x †`ex †m mKj evwo‡ZI hvb bv| j²x †`ex mš‘ó
n‡j Agv‡`i Rxeb mg„× nq|
mi¯^Zx
mi¯^Zx Áv‡bi †`ex| Aciw`‡K Ck¦i †h kw³iƒ‡c Ávb‡K cÖKvk K‡ib, Zuvi bvgB †`ex mi¯^Zx| mi¯^Zx we`¨vi
†`ex| †e‡` mi¯^Zx †`exi D‡jøL Av‡Q| †mLv‡b wZwb b`x ¯^iƒcv| cyiv‡Y mi¯^Zx †`exi we¯—…Z eY©bv Av‡Q|
mi¯^Zx m½xZ, bvU¨Kjv, wPÎKjv, fv¯‹h© cÖf„wZ mKj cÖKvi m„wókxj ev myKzgvi wkí Ges Ávb I weÁv‡bi †`ex|
wZwb Avgv‡`i mKj cÖKvi Ávb `vb K‡ib|
mi¯^Zxi iƒc
mi¯^Zx †`exi Mv‡qi is ïK¬ ev ïå A_©vr mv`v| P‡›`ªi g‡Zv †kvfv
Zuvi| ïK¬ Zuvi emb| mi¯^Zx †`ex †k¦Zc‡Ùi Dci Dcweó _v‡Kb|
Zuvi nv‡Z cy¯K
Í I exYv| exYv nv‡Z _v‡K e‡j mi¯^Zx †`exi Av‡iK
bvg exYvcvwY| Zuvi evnb †k¦Znsm| mewKQy wg‡j mi¯^Zx †`ex
me©ïK¬v|
mi¯^Zxc~Rvi mgq
gvN gv‡mi ïK¬c‡¶i cÂgx wZw_‡Z mi¯^Zx †`exi c~Rv Kiv nq| G
cÂgx wZw_‡K kÖxcÂgx wZw_ ejv nq| `yM©vc~Rvi mgqI mi¯^Zxc~Rv
Kiv nq|
mi¯^Zxi cÖYvggš¿
Iu mi¯^wZ gnvfv‡M we‡`¨ Kgj‡jvP‡b|
wek¦iƒ‡c wekvjvw¶ we`¨vs †`wn b‡gv n¯‘ †Z||
mijv_©
†n gnvfvM mi¯^Zx, we`¨v‡`ex, cÙdz‡ji g‡Zv P¶ywewkóv, †n wek¦iƒcv,
wekvj †Pv‡Li AwaKvwiYx, Avgv‡K we`¨v `vI| †Zvgv‡K cÖYvg|
mi¯^Zxi gvnvZ¥¨ Qwe : mi¯^Zx †`ex
†e‡` mi¯^Zx †R¨vwZ¯^iƒc| †e‡` b`x I †`ex iƒ‡cI mi¯^Zxi bvgKiY Kiv n‡q‡Q| cyiv‡Y mi¯^Zx evM&‡`ex I
we`¨vi AwaôvÎx †`exiƒ‡c ewY©Z| mi¯^Zx we‡klfv‡e we`¨v_x©‡`i Dcvm¨ †`ex| ZvB wk¶vcÖwZôvbmg~‡n mvo¤^‡i
mi¯^Zxc~Rv Kiv nq| wkíKjvi †`exiƒ‡c mi¯^Zx Kwe, mvwnwZ¨K, MvqK, Awf‡bZv, b„Z¨ wkíxmn KjvKvi‡`i
Øviv Mfxi kÖ×vi mv‡_ c~wRZ nb|
mi¯^Zx me©ïK¬v, mywPZv I cweÎZvi cÖZxK| ZvB †h Ávb AR©b Ki‡Z Pvq Zv‡KI g‡b-cÖv‡Y ï× I cweÎ n‡Z
n‡e| bB‡j mwZ¨Kv‡ii Ávb AR©b Kiv hvq bv| mi¯^Zxi evnb ivRnuvm| ivRnuvm‡K Rj Avi `ya wgwk‡q w`‡j `ya
MªnY K‡i Rj Z¨vM K‡i| Ávbx †Zgwb Áv‡bi RMr †_‡K Amvi e¯‘ ev` w`‡q mvi MÖnY K‡ib| mi¯^Zx †`ex‡K
ejv n‡q‡Q ÔRvW¨vcnvÕ| RvW¨ gv‡b RoZv| GLv‡b RvW¨ gv‡b g~L©Zv| Acnv gv‡b webvkKvwiYx| mi¯^Zx †`ex
Avgv‡`i g~L©Zv `~i K‡i Avgv‡`i gb Áv‡bi Av‡jv‡K Av‡jvwKZ K‡i|
cyiv‡Y mi¯^Zx †`exi K…wZZ¡ I gvnv‡Z¥¨i A‡bK Kvwnbx Av‡Q| Ggb A‡bK DcvL¨v‡b †`Lv hvq, A‡bK g~L© e¨w³
mi¯^Zxi K…cv jvf K‡i weL¨vZ wkíx-mvwnwZ¨K-gnvKwe n‡q‡Qb|

 kw³i cÖZxK wn‡m‡e †`ex `yM©vi K…wZZ¡ we‡kølY Ki|

 mvgvwRK I cvwievwiK w`K †_‡K j²x c~Rvi Zvrch© we‡kølY Kiyb|
A¨vKwUwfwU ( wb‡R Kwi)  GKRb we`¨v_©x wn‡m‡e mi¯^Zx c~Rvi ¸iyZ¡ Av‡jvPbv Kiyb|
/wk¶v_©xi KvR

BDwbU-5 c„ôv-66
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

mvims‡¶c :

`yM©v kw³i †`ex | wZwb `yM©wZ bvk K‡ib e‡j Zuv‡K `yM©v ejv nq| Avevi wZwb `yM©g bvgK Amyi‡K bvk
K‡i‡Qb| GRb¨ Zuvi bvg `yM©v| gvK©‡Ûq cyiv‡Yi AšÍM©Z ÔkÖxkªxPÛxÕ bvgK MÖ‡š’ `yM©vi m„wó Kvwnbx I gvnvZ¥¨
eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| ZvB `yM©vc~Rvq PÛx cvV Kiv nq| me© cª_‡g emšÍKv‡j evmšÍx `yM©vc~Rv n‡Zv| c‡i ivRv
kÖxivgP›`ª kirKv‡j `yM©vc~Rv K‡ib| `yM©vc~Rv wn›`y‡`i me‡P‡q eo Drme| avwg©K‡K wZwb i¶v K‡ib Ges
Aavwg©K‡K webvk K‡ib|
j²x Hk¦h© cÖKvkKvix †`ex| wZwb ab-m¤ú`, myL I mg„w× `vb K‡ib| cÖ‡Z¨K wn›`yevwo‡ZB j²x c~Rv Kiv nq|
j²x †`exi c~Rv wbZ¨ c~Rv| cªwZ e„n¯úwZevi mܨvq I iv‡Z j²x †`exi c~Rv Kiv nq| GQvovI eQ‡ii wewfbœ
mg‡q we‡klfv‡e j²xc~Rv Kiv nq| Avwk¦b gv‡mi ïK¬c‡¶i c~wY©gv wZw_‡Z cÖwZgv wbg©vY K‡i NUv K‡i c~Rv
Kiv nq|
mi¯^Zx Áv‡bi †`ex| Aciw`‡K Ck¦i †h kw³iƒ‡c Ávb‡K cÖKvk K‡ib, Zuvi bvgB †`ex mi¯^Zx| wZwb
Avgv‡`i mKj cÖKvi Ávb `vb K‡ib| mi¯^Zx we‡klfv‡e we`¨v_x©‡`i Dcvm¨ †`ex| ZvB wk¶vcÖwZôvbmg~‡n
mvo¤^‡i mi¯^Zxc~Rv Kiv nq| wkíKjvi †`exiƒ‡c mi¯^Zx Kwe, mvwnwZ¨K, MvqK, Awf‡bZv, b„Z¨wkíxmn
KjvKvi‡`i Øviv Mfxi kÖ×vi mv‡_ c~wRZ nb| mi¯^Zx †`ex Avgv‡`i g~L©Zv `~i K‡i Avgv‡`i gb‡K Áv‡bi
Av‡jv‡K Av‡jvwKZ K‡i|

cvV-5.5 c~Rv Ges eªZK_v

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 eªZ I c~Rv Kx Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
 wkeivwÎeª‡Zi c×wZ m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
 c~Rvi mvaviY wewa-weavb m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
 c~Rvi DcPvi m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
 c~Rv I eª‡Zi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Kx Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

eªZ, cyY¨jvf, Bójvf, cvc¶q, gb¯‹vgbv, cy®úKg©, gvb‡m, g½jPÛxeªZ cv`¨, AN©¨, AvPgbxq,
gyL¨ kã/ ¯œvbxq, cybivPgbxq
(Key Words)

eªZK_v Ges c~Rv

wbqgc~e©K Aby‡ôq mrKg© n‡jv eªZ| cyY¨jvf, Bójvf, cvc¶q, gb¯‹vgbv c~iY cÖf„wZi Rb¨ we‡kl we‡kl
†`eZvi D‡Ï‡k¨ Av‡qvwRZ ag©vbyôvbvw`i gva¨‡g eªZ cvjb Kiv nq| †h †`eZvi eªZ Kiv nq, Zuvi gvnvZ¥¨-
cÖKvkK KvwnbxI eª‡Zi mgq †kvbv‡bv nq|

BDwbU-5 c„ôv-67
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq wn›`yag© I ˆbwZK wk¶v

Ôc~RvÕ kãwUi A_© Avivabv ev Dcvmbv| fw³-kÖ×vf‡i †`e-†`exi D‡Ï‡k¨

AvZ¥wb‡e`b n‡jv c~Rv| cy®ú, ZzjmxcÎ, wej¦cÎ, P›`b cÖf…wZ c~Rvi
DcKiY w`‡q †`e-†`exi c~Rv Kiv nq|
eªZ I c~Rv Ki‡j †`e-†`exMY mš‘ó nb| Avi †`e-†`exMY mš‘ó n‡j
Ck¦iI mš‘ó nb| KviY †`e-†`exMY Ck¦‡ii we‡kl we‡kl ¸Y I kw³i
cÖKvk|
†Kv‡bv we‡kl gb¯‹vgbv wmw×i gvb‡m wewfbœ ai‡bi eªZvbyôvb Kiv nq|
†hgb Ñ wkeivwÎeªZ, lôxeªZ, m~h©eªZ, g½jPÊxeªZ, P›`ªvqY cÖf…wZ| Qwe : c~Rvi DcKiYmg~n
wkeivwÎeªZ
¯‹›`cyiv‡Y ejv n‡q‡Q, gvN gv‡mi †k‡l dvêyb gv‡mi cÖ_g K„òc‡¶i PZz`©kxB wkePZz`©kx| Aciw`‡K gvNx
c~wY©gvi c‡ii PZz`©kxB wkePZz`©kx| c~e©w`‡b ivw·hv‡M PZz`©kx wZw_ bv co‡j, hw` c‡ii w`b mܨvq PZz`©kx wZw_
c‡o, Zvn‡j c‡ii w`bB wkeivwÎeªZ n‡e| wkeivw·Z DcevmB cÖavb KZ©e¨| wke wb‡R e‡j‡QbÑ ¯œvb, e¯¿, a~c
ev cy®úvw` w`‡q AP©bv Ki‡j Avwg hZUv mš‘ó nB, Dcevm Ki‡j Zvi †P‡q †ewk mš‘ó nB|
wkeivwÎeªZ c×wZ
†`nïw×, Avmbïw×, ¯^w¯ÍevPb cÖf…wZ wbZ¨wµqv mgvav Kivi ci msKí Ki‡Z nq|
Gici mvgvb¨vh©¨ ¯’vcb K‡i M‡Ykvw` †`eZvi c~Rv K‡i wke c~Rv Ki‡Z nq| wk‡ei cÖwZwôZ cÖZxK c~Rv Ki‡j
wemR©b †bB|
Z‡e g„wËKv wbwg©Z n‡j P¶z`vb, cÖvY cÖwZôv I wemR©b cÖf…wZ h_vwbq‡g Ki‡Z
nq|
Pvi cÖn‡i Pvievi c~Rv Ges wke cÖZxK‡K Rj w`‡q ÔIu cïcZ‡q bgtÕ e‡j
¯œvb Kiv‡Z n‡e| c‡i Avevi we‡kl `ª‡e¨ ¯œvb Kiv‡Z n‡e|
cÖ_g cÖn‡i `y» Øviv ÔIu †nŠs Ckvbvq bgtÕ Ñ Ggš¿ D”PviY K‡i wke cÖZxK‡K
¯œvb Kiv‡Z n‡e| wØZxq cÖn‡i `wa Øviv ÔIu †nŠs A‡Nvivq bgtÕ Ñ Gg‡š¿ ¯œvb
Kiv‡Z n‡e| Z…Zxq cÖn‡i N„Z Øviv ÔIu †nŠs ivg‡`evq bgtÕ Ñ Gg‡š¿ ¯œvb
Kiv‡Z n‡e| PZz_© cÖn‡i gay Øviv ÔIu †nŠs m‡`¨vRvZvq bgtÕ Ñ Gg‡š¿ wke
cÖZxK‡K ¯œvb Kiv‡Z n‡e| cÖwZ cÖn‡ii c~Rvq we‡kl we‡kl gš¿ Av‡Q|
c~Rv †k‡l wkec~Rvq we‡kl eªZ K_v †kvbv, ¯—evw` cvV Ges ivwÎ RvMiY
Ki‡Z nq| c‡ii w`b h_vwbq‡g cviY ev †fvRb Ki‡Z nq|
wk‡ei cÖYvggš¿
bgt wkevq kvš—vq KviYÎq‡nZ‡e|
wb‡e`qvwg PvZ¥vbs MwZ¯—¡s ci‡gk¦i|| Qwe : wkewj½
mijv_©
g½jgq, kvš— Ges m„wó, w¯’wZ I webvk- GB KviY·qi †nZz wke‡K bg¯‹vi| Zuvi Kv‡Q wb‡R‡K wb‡e`b KiwQ|
†n ci‡gk¦i, ZzwgB Avgvi MwZ|
c~Rv
Ôc~Rv ej‡Z †evSvq cy®úKg©Õ| A_©vr cy®ú, wej¦cÎ, P›`b, `~e©v, AvZcPvj cÖf…wZ w`‡q †`e-†`ex‡K Avivabv I
AP©bv Kiv‡K c~Rv e‡j| f³ me©`v Ck¦i‡K Kv‡Q †c‡Z Pvq, Zuvi Kv‡Q g‡bi Av‡eM Rvbv‡Z Pvq| f³ GB evmbv
c~i‡Yi Rb¨ c~Rv K‡i _v‡K|
ˆew`K hy‡M Dcvmbv wQj hÁ wfwËK| wKš—y †cŠivwYK hy‡M Ck¦‡ii wewfbœ kw³i mvKvi iƒc wn‡m‡e †`e-†`exi
c~Rv K‡i _v‡K| Fwliv a¨v‡b †`eZvi iƒc cÖZ¨¶ K‡i g‡š¿ †mB eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| gš¿, †køvK, ¯Íe-†¯Ív‡Î ewY©Z
†`eZvi †mB iƒc‡K cÖwZgvi AvKv‡i cÖZ¨¶ iƒc w`‡q c~Rv Kiv nq| †`eZvi gva¨‡gB GB c~Rv Ck¦i MÖnY K‡ib|
†`eZvi g~wZ©i g‡a¨ ZLb †`eZvi kw³i Awef©ve n‡q‡Q GB †eva RvMÖZ nq| Gfv‡e f³ AvZ¥mgc©Y K‡i we‡fvi

BDwbU-5 c„ôv-68
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

_v‡K Ck¦‡ii a¨v‡b| g„wËKv, KvV, avZz wbwg©Z cÖwZgvi ga¨ w`‡q ˆPZ‡b¨i c~Rv K‡i| c~Rv I mvKvi Dcvmbvi
GUvB we‡klZ¡| Avevi wn›`ya‡g© eû‡`eZvi c~Rv cÖPjb _vK‡jI wn›`yag© eû Ck¦iev`x bq| †`eZviv Ck¦i bb|
†`eZviv n‡jb GK Ges AwØZxq Ck¦‡ii wfbœ wfbœ ¸Y I ¶gZvi mvKvi iƒc|
†`e-†`exi c~Rv cªwZw`b, cÖwZ mßvn, cÖwZgvm eQ‡ii we‡kl mg‡q wewfbœ c×wZ‡Z Kiv nq| Z‡e KZ¸‡jv KiYxq
Av‡Q Zv c~Rvi mgq K‡i wb‡Z nq| c~Rvi wewfbœ wewa-weavb i‡q‡Q GLb †m welq ms‡¶‡c Av‡jvPbv KiwQ Ñ
c~Rvi mvaviY wewa-weavb
c~Rvi Avavi : NU, weMÖn ev cÖwZgv, h‡Ái †e`x, AwMœ, Rj, hš¿ (†Kv‡bv cv‡Î Aw¼Z we‡kl cÖZxKx wPý), wPÎ,
gÛj Ges ü`q| eZ©gv‡b cÖwZgv, wPÎ, NU cÖf…wZ Avav‡i c~Rv Kivi ixwZB mgwaK cÖPwjZ|
c~Rvi DcPvi ev DcKiY
cy®ú, `~e©v, wej¦cÎ, ZzjmxcÎ, P›`b, AvZcPvj, a~c, `xc I ˆb‡e`¨ Ñ c~Rvi cÖavb DcvPvi ev DcKiY|
c‡ÂvcPvi, `‡kvcPvi ev †lvo‡kvcPv‡i c~Rv Kiv nq| mvaviYZ c ev `k DcPv‡i †`eZvi c~Rv Kiv nq| Z‡e
we‡kl c~Rvq †`eZv‡K †lvok DcPv‡i c~Rv Kiv nq|
c‡ÂvcPvi : a~c, `xc, MÜ, cy®ú I ˆb‡e`¨ GB cuvPwU n‡”Q c‡ÂvcPvi|
`‡kvcPvi : cv`¨, AN©¨, AvPgbxq, ¯œvbxq, cybivPgbxq, MÜ, cy®ú, a~c, `xc I ˆb‡e`¨ Ñ GB `kwU n‡”Q
`‡kvcPvi|
†lvo‡kvcPvi : iRZvmb (iƒcvi Amb), ¯^MZ, cv`¨, AN©¨, AvPgbxq, gaycK©, ¯œvbxq, e¯¿, AvfiY MÜ, cy®ú a~c,
`xc, ˆb‡e`¨, cybivPgbxq I Zv¤^yj Ñ GB †lv‡jvwU DcPvi n‡”Q †lvo‡kvcPvi|
†lvok DcPv‡ii c~Rvi Ab¨Zg DcKiY n‡”Q gaycK©| GB gaycK© Ñ `wa, `y», N„Z, gay, wPwb Ges wKwÂr R‡ji
mswgkª‡Y ˆZix Kiv nq| GK GK †`eZv GK GK cªKvi cÎ-cy®ú †ewk fv‡jvev‡mb, Avevi †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv cÎ-
cy®ú cQ›` K‡ib bv| †hgb Ñ wke c~Rvq ayZiv I AvK›`, bvivqY c~Rvq †k¦Z cy®ú, `yM©v c~Rvq i³ eY© cy®ú
cÖk¯—| weòz ev bvivqY‡K Aek¨B Zzjmx cÎ w`‡q c~Rv Ki‡Z n‡e| wke wej¦cÎ cQ›` K‡ib| Avevi bvivqYc~Rv
I m~h©c~Rvq wej¦cÎ wbwl×|
c~Rvq ev`¨hš¿
†`e-†`ex‡`i c~Rvq ev‡`¨i cÖ‡hvRb nq| c~Rvq NÈv, XvK, †Xvj, mvbvB cÖf…wZ ev`¨hš¿ evRv‡bv nq| NÈv‡K ejv
nq ÔmKj ev`¨gqxÕ| Ab¨ ev‡`¨i Afv‡e ïay NÈv evwR‡qB c~Rv Kiv hvq| Z‡e GK GK †`eZvi c~Rvq GK GK
ev`¨ wbwl×| †hgb Ñ j²xc~Rvq NÈv evRv‡bv wb‡la, wkec~Rvq KiZj, `yM©vc~Rvq euvwk, eªþvc~Rvq XvK Ges
m~hc© ~Rvq k¼ evRv‡bv wb‡la|
c~Rv c×wZ
cÖwZgv, cU ev wP‡Î c~Rv Ki‡Z n‡j †`eZvi cÖ_‡g P¶z`vb I cÖvY cÖwZôv Ki‡Z nq| mvaviY ev wbZ¨ c~Rvq
ms‡¶‡c Ges we‡kl c~Rvq we‡kl g‡š¿ NU ¯’vc‡bi weavb i‡q‡Q| c~Rv Kivi mgq KZ¸‡jv welq µgvbymv‡i Kiv
†h‡Z cv‡i| †hgb Ñ
AvPgb : cÖ_‡g AvPgb Ki‡Z nq| Iu gš¿ D”PviY K‡i wZbevi Rj¯úk© Ki‡j ms‡¶‡c AvPgb nq|
weòz¯§iY : AvPg‡bi ci weòz¯§iY Ki‡Z nq|
weòz¯§iY gš¿ :
Iu Z`&we‡òv cigs c`s ck¨wš— m~iqt|
w`w`e P¶zivZZg&||
Iu weòzt Iu weòzt Iu weòzt|
mijv_©
`y¨‡jv‡Ki P¶zi g‡Zv we¯—…Z †mB weòzi cig c` †gavexMY me©`v cÖZ¨¶ K‡i _v‡Kb|
m~h©vN©¨ I m~h©cÖYvg : Zvici m~h©‡`‡ei D‡Ï‡k¨ AN©¨ w`‡q m~h©‡K cÖYvg Ki‡Z nq|

BDwbU-5 c„ôv-69
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq wn›`yag© I ˆbwZK wk¶v

¯^w¯—ePb :
Gici ¯^w¯ÍePb gš¿ cvV Ki‡Z nq| Ô¯^w¯ÍÕ k‡ãi A_© n‡”Q g½j| ¯^w¯ÍeP‡bi mgq ev`¨ evRv‡Z I DjyaŸwb w`‡Z
nq|
¯^w¯ÍeP‡bi ci h_vµ‡g msKí, NU¯’vcb, mvgvb¨vN©¨, Øvi‡`eZvi c~Rv, f~ZvcmviY, Avmbïw×, cy®úïw×, Kiïw×
cÖf…wZ Ki‡Z nq|
AZtci M‡Yk, wke, m~h©, AwMœ, weòz ev bvivqY I Rq `yM©v Ñ GB †`eZv‡`i c~Rv c DcPv‡i KiYxq|
G mKj †`eZv‡`i c~Rv †k‡l f~Zïw×, gvZ…Kvb¨vm I cÖvYvqvg Ki‡Z nq| f~Zïw× n‡”Q cigvZ¥v ev Ck¦‡ii m‡½
RxevZ¥vi wgjbvZ¥K a¨vb| Avi cÖvYvqvg n‡”Q k¦vm MÖnY I Z¨v‡Mi we‡kl cªwµqv| cÖvYvqvg GK ai‡bi
†hvMe¨vqvgI e‡U| G‡Z cÖvYkw³ e„w× cvq| cÖvYvqv‡gi ci Ki‡Z nq Kib¨vm I A½b¨vm| b¨v‡mi Øviv kixi
†`egq nq| A_©vr wb‡Ri †`‡n †`eZv AwawôZ GB †eva RvMªZ nq|
Zvici †h we‡kl †`eZvi c~Rv Kiv n‡e, Zuvi a¨vb Ki‡Z nq| a¨v‡bi Rb¨ wbw`©ó gš¿ Av‡Q| AZtci gvbmc~Rv|
gvbmc~Rv n‡”Q evn¨ c~Rvi wewa Abymv‡i g‡b g‡b µgvbymv‡i c~Rv Kiv| evK¨, gb, ü`q Øviv gvbmc~Rv KiYxq|
Gici we‡klvN©¨ ¯’vcb K‡i cybivq Kib¨vm I A½b¨vm Ki‡Z nq Ges Avevi a¨vb Ki‡Z nq| a¨v‡bi Rb¨ mywbw`©ó
gš¿ Av‡Q| a¨vb †k‡l †h †`eZvi c~Rv we‡klfv‡e Kiv n‡”Q Zuv‡K wbw`©ó g‡š¿ AvnŸvb Rvbv‡Z nq| †hgbÑ
ÔBnvM”Q, Bn wZô, gg c~Rvs M„nvYÕ
A_©vr Ñ †`eZv, Zzwg GLv‡b Gm, GLv‡b Ae¯’vb Ki Ges Avgvi c~Rv MÖnY Ki|
AZtci c ev `‡kvcPv‡i DwÏó †`eZvi c~Rv K‡i, cy®úvÄwj cÖ`vb, exRgš¿ Rc, wemR©b I cÖYvg gš¿ cvV Ki‡Z
nq| c~Rv †k‡l cy‡ivwnZ‡K `w¶Yv `vb Ki‡Z nq| Zvici c~Rvq ÎywU N‡U _vK‡j Zvi Rb¨ ¶gv cÖv_©bv Ges
c~Rvi mdjZv Kvgbv K‡i bvivqY‡K cÖYvg K‡i c~Rv mgvcb Ki‡Z nq|

 wkePZz`©kxi Zvrch© Av‡jvPbv Kiyb|

A¨vKwUwfwU ( wb‡R
Kwi) /wk¶v_©xi KvR

mvims‡¶c :
ÔeªZÕ ej‡Z †evSvq cyY¨jvf, Bójvf, cvc¶q, gb¯‹vgbv c~iY cÖf„wZi Rb¨ we‡kl we‡kl †`eZvi D‡Ï‡k¨
Av‡qvwRZ ag©vbyôvb| fw³-kÖ×vf‡i †`e-†`exi D‡Ï‡k¨ AvZ¥wb‡e`b n‡jv c~Rv| cy®ú, ZzjmxcÎ, wej¦cÎ,
P›`b cÖf…wZ c~Rvi DcKiY w`‡q †`e-†`exi c~Rv Kiv nq| eªZ I c~Rv Ki‡j †`e-†`exMY mš‘ó nb| Avi
†`e-†`exMY mš‘ó n‡j Ck¦iI mš‘ó nb| KviY †`e-†`exMY Ck¦‡ii we‡kl we‡kl ¸Y I kw³i cÖKvk|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- BDwbU : 5

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b
1. wb‡Pi †Kvb †`eZvi c~Rv cÖwZw`bB Kiv nq ?
K. eªþv L. weòz
M. `yM©v N. mi¯^Zx

2. †e‡`i Ici wfwË K‡i wb‡Pi †Kvb ag©MÖš’ iwPZ n‡q‡Q?

BDwbU-5 c„ôv-70
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

K. MxZv L. PÛx
M. cyivY N. ivgvqY
3. ˆew`K Fwliv wek¦eªþv‡Ûi Kvh©vewj‡K Kx g‡b Ki‡Zb?
K. g‡nvrme L. e„nrhÁ
M. gnvKxZ©b N. ˆew`K wµqv
4. †`eZvMY Kvi gy‡L †fvRb K‡ib?
K. eªþvgy‡L L. weòzgy‡L
M. B›`ªgy‡L N. AwMœgy‡L
5. a¨vbjä †`eZviv †c‡q‡Qb Ñ
K. ˆew`K g~wZ© L. †cŠivwYK g~wZ©
M. a¨vbvbymvix g~wZ© N. Ávbgq g~wZ©
6. kxZjv †`exi evnb ?
K. Ak¦ L. wmsn
M. nvwZ N. M`©f
7. M„n¨m~‡Î eªþvi KqwU bvg Av‡Q ?
K.cuvPwU L. QqwU
M. mvZwU N. AvUwU
8. c„w_exi mewKQz †K m„wó K‡i‡Qb ?
K.AwMœ L.B›`ª
M. eªþv N. eiyY
9. weòzi k‡•Li bvg Kx ?
K. †`e`Ë L. AbšÍweRq
M. cvÂRb¨ N. gwYcy®úK
10. weòzi f³‡`i Kx ejv nq?
K ˆke L.kv³
M.gZzqv N. ˆeòe
11. †K b„Z¨we`¨vq cvi`k©x ?
K.AwMœ L.B›`ª
M. eªþv N. wke
12. wk‡ei Mjvq _v‡K wK‡mi gvjv ?
K. nixZKx L. †mvbv
M. iƒcv N. iy`ªv¶
13. †`ex `yM©vi Mv‡qi is †Kvb dz‡ji g‡Zv?
K. Rev L. †mvbvjx
M. AZmx N. i³ Rev
14. †Kvb cyiv‡Y `yM©vi gvnvZ¥¨ eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q ?
K. cÙcyivY L gvK©‡ÛqcyivY
M. wkecyivY N. weòzcyivY
15. j²x c~Rvq †Kvb ev`¨ wbwl× ?

BDwbU-5 c„ôv-71
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq wn›`yag© I ˆbwZK wk¶v

K. NÈv L. XvK
M. †Xvj N. KiZvj
16. j²x †`ex †Kvb Avm‡b Dcweó?
K. cÙvm‡b L i³cÙvm‡b
M. m¦Y©vm‡b N. Kvôvm‡b
17. †`ex mi¯^Zx Avgv‡`i Kx `vb K‡ib ?
K. ab L. kw³
M. we`¨v N. fw³
18. RvW¨ k‡ãi A_© Kx ?
K. hZœ L g~L©Zv
M. RoZv N. Rwgb
19. ˆew`K †`eZv‡`i K_v †Kv_vq D‡jøL Av‡Q ?
K. cyiv‡Y L. MxZvq
M. ivgvq‡Y N. †e‡`
20. †`eZv‡`i `~Z †K?
K. eªþv L. AwMœ
M. wke N. B›`ª
21. cÖwZw`b †Kvb †`eZvi c~Rv Kiv nq ?
i. eªþv
ii. weòz iii. wke
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ?
K. i L. ii
M. ii, iii N. i , ii I iii
# wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU coyb 22, 23 I 24 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b :
Ck¦‡ii wewfbœ kw³‡K †`eZv Áv‡b c~Rv Kiv nq| G‡`i g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg AwMœ, `yM©v, j²x, mi¯^Zx| cÖvPxb Kvj
†_‡K eZ©gvb mgq ch©šÍ †`e-†`exi Avivabvi c×wZ Abb¨|
22. mi¯^Zx wK‡mi †`ex ?
K. kw³i L. we`¨vi
M. a‡bi N. kvwšÍi
23. AwMœ c~Rvi KviY Ñ
i. wZwb M„ncwZ
ii. wZwb FwZ¡K
iii. wZwb †nvZv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ?
K. i L. ii
M. ii, iii N. i , ii I iii

24. †`e-†`exi Avivabvi c×wZ Abb¨ †Kb ?

BDwbU-5 c„ôv-72
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

K. Zuviv Ck¦‡ii mvKvi iƒc L. Zuviv Ck¦‡ii wbivKvi iƒc

M. Zuviv Ck¦‡ii ev¯Íe iƒc M. †Kv‡bvwUB bv

msw¶ß cÖkœ :
1.¯^M©‡jv‡Ki †`eZv m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v Kiyb |
2. ElvKv‡ji AwaôvÎx †`ex †K Ges †Kb ?
3. mi¯^Zxi cÖYvg gš¿wU e¨vL¨v Kiyb |
4. `yM©vi `k nv‡Z A¯¿ †Kb ? e¨vL¨v Kiyb|

eY©bvg~jK cÖkœ :
1.& wn›`ya‡g©i †`e-†`exi aviYv e¨vL¨v Kiyb|
2. wkePZz`©kxi Zvrch© Av‡jvPbv Kiyb|
3. Drme gvbeg‡b Kx Kx cÖfve †d‡j e¨vL¨v Kiyb|

P~ovš— g~j¨vqb

m„Rbkxj cÖk-œ 1
P›`bv‡`ex GKRb ag©cÖvY wk¶K| wZwb wk¶v_©x‡`i wewfbœ †`e-†`ex m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z wM‡q †`ex `yM©v m¤ú‡K©
ej‡jb| Kxfv‡e KLb `yM©v c~Rv Ki‡Z nq †m m¤ú‡K© wZwb we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡jb| wZwb ej‡jb †`ex `yM©v
Ck¦‡ii Av`¨vkw³| Zuvi AvMg‡b cÖK…wZ I gvbeg‡b Ab¨ iKg mvov Rv‡M |
K. `yM©vc~Rv KLb nq ?
L. `yM©vc~Rv Kiv nq †Kb ?
M. P›`bv‡`exi e³e¨ Avcbvi cwVZ welqe¯‘i Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Kiyb?
N. †`ex `yM©vi AvMg‡b cÖK…wZ I gvbeg‡b †h iKg mvov Rv‡M Avcbvi cvV¨vs‡ki Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Kiyb?

DËigvjv : BDwbU-5
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-1. L 2. M 3. L 4. N 5. M 6. N 7. L 8. M 9. M 10. N 11. N 12. N 13. M 14. L 15. K 16.
L 17. N 18. L 19. N 20. M 21. M 22. L 23. N 24. K

BDwbU-5 c„ôv-73