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This document discusses question tags, double negatives, and relative clauses in English grammar. It provides examples of positive and negative statements and their corresponding question tags. It explains that using two negative words together can make a sentence positive, and that only one negative word should be used to express a negative meaning. Examples of relative clauses, question tags with imperatives, and the use of words like either, neither, nor are also presented.

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Dusan d.R
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
33 views

Advanced2 Cas2

This document discusses question tags, double negatives, and relative clauses in English grammar. It provides examples of positive and negative statements and their corresponding question tags. It explains that using two negative words together can make a sentence positive, and that only one negative word should be used to express a negative meaning. Examples of relative clauses, question tags with imperatives, and the use of words like either, neither, nor are also presented.

Uploaded by

Dusan d.R
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Advanced 1, čas 2 - Question Tags, Double Negatives, Relative Clauses

Question Tags

+ -
Positive statement, negative tag?
You are English, aren't you?
- +
Negative statement, positive tag?
You don't live here, do you?

 You are Tom, aren’t you? (Ti si Tom, zar ne?)


 He isn’t Joe, is he? (On nije John, zar ne?)
Question tags se koriste u razgovoru da bismo dobili
(pozitivnu) reakciju od osobe kojoj pričate. That’s not really
difficult, is it?
Question tags se koriste da bi sagovornik potvrdio informaciju
koju govornik iznosi. U srpskom jeziku ne zavise od vremena i
oblika rečenice i uvek se prevode sa ”zar ne?” U engleskom
jeziku je to malo komplikovanije. Grade se od pomoćnih
glagola u suprotnom obliku od onoga u kome je rečenica.

PREUZMITE VEŽBE ZA OVAJ ČAS


Advanced 1, čas 2 - Question Tags, Double Negatives, Relative Clauses

Potvrdne rečenice imaće odričan question tag:


 He is your best friend, isn’t he?
 You’ve heard the news, haven’t you?
 We can do it on time, can’t we?
 He plays for Bercelona, doesn’t he?
 Sue was ill, wasn’t she?
 Al helped you, didn’t he?
 Bill will come to the party, won’t he?
Ali obratite pažnju na izuzetak: I am one of the best,
AREN’T I?
Odrične rečenice imaće potvrdan question tag:
 They aren’t coming, are they?
 She hasn’t got green eyes, has she?
 You can’t play the piano, can you?
 Students don’t like tests, do they?
 Tom and Matthew weren’t noisy, were they?
 Steve didn’t have anything to do with that, did he?
 We won’t give up, will we?
Kada su u pitanju naredbene rečenice, guestion tag će
biti will ili would:

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Advanced 1, čas 2 - Question Tags, Double Negatives, Relative Clauses

 Open the window, will you (would you)?


Postoji mogućnost da je rečenica odrična iako u njoj ne postoji klasičan negativni oblik sa not:
 She is never home, is she?
 There was nothing left for us to do, was there?
Reči kao što su NEVER, NOBODY, NOTHING, NOWHERE…i slične same po sebi čine rečenicu
negativnom pa će question tag biti pozitivan.

Ovo su posebni slučajevi:


I am right, aren't I? aren't I ili am I not (NE amn't I)
U pravu sam, zar ne?
You have to go, don't you? you (do) have to go...
Moraš da ideš, zar ne?
You have been running, haven't I? Koristite prvi pomoćni glagol
Bio si na trčanju, zar ne?
Nothing happened, did it? Tretirajte rečenice sa nothing, nobody itd.
Ništa se nije desilo, zar ne? kao negativne rečenice
Let's go, shall we? let's = let us
Hajdemo, hoćemo li?

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Advanced 1, čas 2 - Question Tags, Double Negatives, Relative Clauses

I pored toga što je osnovna strukutura tag questions pozitiv-negativ ili negativ-pozitiv, ponekad je moguće
koristiti pozitiv-pozitiv ili negativ-negativ. Koristimo question tags u istom smeru da bismo izrazili
interesovanja, iznenadjenja, ljutnju, itd., a ne da bismo napravili pravo pitanje.
 So you're having a baby, are you? (Imaćeš bebu, zar ne?) (Znači: divno!)
 She wants to marry him, does she? (Želi da se uda za njega, zar ne?)
 So you think that's amusing, do you? (Misliš da je to zabavno, zar ne?) (Razmisli).

Negativ-negativ tag pitanja obično zvuče malo neprijateljski:


 So you don't like my looks, don't you? (Ne sviđa ti se moj izgled, zar ne?)

Question tags sa imperativima


Ponekad koristimo question tags sa imperativima (invitations, orders), ali rečenica ostaje u imperativu i ne
zahteva direktan odgovor. Koristimo won't za pozive. Koristimo can, can't, will, would za naredbe.
imperative + question tag značenje poziv
Take a seat, won't you? ljubazno
Help me, can you? prijateljsko
Help me, can't you? Prijateljsko (malo iritirajuće)
Close the door, would you? Prilično ljubazno
Do it now, will you? Manje ljubazno
Don't forget, will you? Kod negativnih imperativa samo will je moguće
PREUZMITE VEŽBE ZA OVAJ ČAS
Advanced 1, čas 2 - Question Tags, Double Negatives, Relative Clauses

Lekcija je pisana neformalnim, svakodnevnim engleskim:

Sam: You're going to miss your sister since she's married, aren't you? (Nedostajaće ti sestra pošto se (od
kada se) udala, zar ne?)
Robert: I sure am. She made a lovely bride, didn't she? (Naravno da hoće. Bila je divna nevesta, zar ne?)
Sam: She was beautiful. So when will your turn be? (Bila je prelepa. Pa, kada ćeš ti? (Kada će doći red
na tebe?))
Robert: Soon! Very soon! (Uskoro! Vrlo uskoro!)
Sam: Well, a drink to you and your future wife! (Pa, pijem (nazdravljam) u tvoje i buduće žene ime!)

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Advanced 1, čas 2 - Question Tags, Double Negatives, Relative Clauses

Double Negatives
Dupli negativi

Šta su dupli negativi?


Dupli negativ je kada stavite dve negativne reči zajedno u istoj rečenici. Ukoliko dve negativne reči
govore o istoj stvari, one potiru jedna drugu, tako da poruka koju dobijete bude pozitivna. Ovo je vrlo
zbunjujuće i predstavlja osnovnu grešku u formalnom jeziku, na primer kod pisanja pisama ili davanja
intervjua za posao.
Negativne reči Negativni glagoli
no, not, none doesn't, isn't, wasn't
no-one, nothing, nowhere wouldn't, couldn't, shouldn't
neither, nobody, never won't, can't, don't
Ako kombinujete bilo koje dve reči od gore pomenutih, rečenica će biti pozitivna, odnosno, suprotno od
onoga što ste želeli. Dakle, ako želite da rečenica bude negativna, koristite SAMO JEDNU negativnu reč.
 I am not going to pay no bills. Ovo zapravo znači: I am going to pay some
bills.
 She can’t make friends with nobody. Ovo znači: She can make friends with
somebody.
Evo primera bez greške duplog negativa:
 I am not going to pay any bills. Ili I am going to pay no bills.
 She can’t make friends with anybody. Ili She can make friends with nobody.
PREUZMITE VEŽBE ZA OVAJ ČAS
Advanced 1, čas 2 - Question Tags, Double Negatives, Relative Clauses

Ove rečenice imaju samo jedan negativ i samim tim imaju i negativno značenje.
Negative + Negative = Positive.
Negative + Positive = Negative
Koristite samo jednu negativnu reč u rečenici kada želite da kažete nešto negativno.
Kada koristite negativan (odričan) oblik glagola (He isn't working ..., They aren't going to...) nemojte
koristiti negativne reči kao: nobody, nowhere, etc.
She hasn't spoken to anyone yet. NE She hasn't spoken to nobody yet.
Negativne reči
Sledeća lista sadrži reči koje smatramo negativnim. Ako ih upotrebite jednom u rečenici, rečenica će biti
negativna.
Nobody - niko, no one – niko, Hardly – jedva, teško, Scarcely - jedva, teško, Barely - jedva, No - ne,
Not - ne, None - niko, nimalo, Nothing - ništa, Nowhere - nigde, Neither - ni.
Rečenica Značenje
Pozitivna konstrukcija rečenice I hardly have none. I have some.
negative + negative I don't want nothing. I want something.

Negativna konstrukcija I hardly have any. I have few.


rečenice I don't want anything I want nothing.
negative + positive
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Advanced 1, čas 2 - Question Tags, Double Negatives, Relative Clauses

Both, Either, Neither, Nor and So

'Either … or‘
Either ... or... se koristi u rečenicama u pozitivnom značenju "one or the other, (jedan ili drugi), this or that,
(ovo ili ono) he or she, (on ili ona) itd.” Na primer:
 Either Peter or the girls need to attend the course. (Ili Peter ili devojke treba da pohadjaju kurs.)
Neither … nor
'Neither … nor' se koristi u rečenicama u negativnom značenju: "not this one nor the other, (ni ovaj ni
onaj) not this nor that, (ni ovo, ni ono) not he nor she, (ni on ni ona) itd.“ Na primer:
 Neither Frank nor Lilly lives in London. (Ni Frank , ni Lilly ne žive u Londonu.)
 Neither Axel nor my other friends care about their future. (Ni Axel, ni moji ostali prijatelji ne brinu o
svojoj budućnosti.)

either ... or - da bismo pričali o izboru dve mogućnosti.


neither ... nor - da bismo spojili dve negativne ideje.
both ... and – da bismo spojili dve ideje. (oba, oboje, obojica)
not only ...but – da bismo dodali dodatne informacije. Koristi se u formalnom engleskom.

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Advanced 1, čas 2 - Question Tags, Double Negatives, Relative Clauses

Both, Either, Neither, Nor and So


Izraz Primer

both … and … I like both cats and dogs.


so Jane likes cats. So do I.
not … either Jane doesn't like cats. I don't like cats either.
either … or … Jane either has a cat or a dog.
neither/nor Jane doesn't like cats. Neither do I./Nor do I.
neither … nor … I like neither cats nor dogs.

So do I
Me too (ja takodje) se upotrebljava kao jednostavniji izraz, na primer:
 'I’m hungry - Me too.' ILI 'So am I.' (Gladan sam. I ja.)
 'I’m feeling very sleepy.' 'Me too.' (Vrlo sam pospan. I ja.)
 'I think I’ll go to bed.' 'So will I.‘ (Mislim da ću u krevet. I ja ću.)

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Advanced 1, čas 2 - Question Tags, Double Negatives, Relative Clauses

Malo je verovatno reći: He too ili Her too ili They too, mada možemo i tu konstrukciju rečenice upotrebiti
ako je deo duže izjave, na primer:
Imajte u vidu da suprotno od Me too je Nor me ili Me neither:
 'I don’t feel like climbing to the top of this mountain.' 'Me neither.‘ (Ne penje mi se na vrh ove planine.
Ni meni.)
 'I’m not going to Jane’s party on Saturday.' 'Nor me.' (Ne idem na Džejninu zabavu u subotu. Ni ja.)

Koristimo so da bismo se složili sa nekom pozitivnom tvrdnjom, a nor ili neither upotrebljavamo da bismo
se složili sa negativnom tvrdnjom. Može se upotrebljavati sa svim vremenima i modalnim glagolima,
samo morate biti pažljivi kod odabira pomoćnih glagola. Pogledajte:
 'I can’t swim.' 'Nor can I.' (Ne umem da plivam. Ni ja.)
 'They shouldn’t have said they could help him.' 'Neither should I.' (Nisu trebali da mu kažu da mogu
da mu pomognu. Nisam trebao ni ja.)
 I I I was so tired by the time we got there.' 'So were the other passengers.' (Bio sam tako umoran
kada smo stigli tamo. I drugi putnici su bili.)
 'We haven’t forgotten that it’s Sid’s birthday next week.' 'Neither have we.' (Nismo zaboravili da je
Sidov rodjendan sledeće nedelje. Nismo ni mi.)
 He flew to Geneva last summer. - So did she. (Otišao je u Ženevu prošlog leta. I ona je.)
 I'd love to visit Poland some day. - So would I. (Volela bih da posetim Poljsku jednog dana. I ja bih.)
 I'm meeting a colleague tomorrow. - So am I. (Videću se sa kolegom sutra. I ja.)

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Advanced 1, čas 2 - Question Tags, Double Negatives, Relative Clauses

Relative Clauses
Relativne rečenice

Relativne rečenice bliže određuju imenicu ili zamenicu na koju se odnose. Upotrebljavaju se da biste dali
više informacija o nečemu, ili da biste nešto lakše definisali. Na primer:
 I work for a company. (Radim za jednu kompaniju.)
 I work for a company that sells computer software. (Radim u jednoj kompaniji koja prodaje
 kompjuterske softvere.)

Who
Who daje informacije o ljudima. Na primer:
 There are many people who want to learn
English.
Može se upotrebiti “that” isto kao i “who”. Na primer:
 There are many people that want to learn
English.
Ovo je moguće u Defining Relative Clauses (odredbenim odnosnim rečenicama), ali ne i u Non-defining
Relative Clauses (umetnutim odnosnim rečenicama).
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Advanced 1, čas 2 - Question Tags, Double Negatives, Relative Clauses

Which
Which daje informacije o stvarima. Na primer:
 Where's the pencil which was on my desk? (Gde je
olovka koja je bila na mom stolu?)
 He's moved to an apartment which has a nice view.
(Preselio se u stan koji ima lep pogled.)
That se može upotrebiti umesto which, posebno u
neformalnom govoru. Na primer:
 I'd like a job that has a higher salary. – OK
 I'd like a job which has a higher salary. – OK

 This is the book that I borrowed from Lisa. - OK


 This is the book which I borrowed from Lisa. – OK

Kako je gore navedeno, which i that se mogu koristiti u


odredbenim odnosnim rečenicama, ali samo which može biti
u umetnutim odnosnim rečenicama.

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Advanced 1, čas 2 - Question Tags, Double Negatives, Relative Clauses

Defining and Non-defining Relative Clause


Odredbene i umetnute odnosne rečenice

Defining Relative Clauses (Odredbene odnosne rečenice)


Defining relative clauses daju detaljnu informaciju o nečemu. U takvim rečenicama se ne koristi zarez.
Na primer:
 The hotel that we stayed in wasn't bad. (Hotel u kome smo odseli nije bio loš.)

"Who", "whom" i "which" mogu da se zamene sa "that". To je vrlo često u govornom engleskom.
Zamislite da je Tom u sobi sa pet devojaka. Jedna devojka priča sa Tomom, a vi pitate nekog drugog da li
poznaje devojku. Ovde, relativna rečenica definiše na koju od pet devojaka mislite.
 Do you know the girl who is talking to Tom? (Da li znaš devojku koja razgovara sa Tomom?)

Non-Defining Relative Clauses (Umetnute odnosne rečenice)


Non-defining relative clause daje dodatne informacije koje nisu neophodne da bismo razumeli značenje
cele rečenice. One nam govore više o nekome ili nečemu ali ga ne definišu.
U takvim rečenicama se koristi zarez.
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Advanced 1, čas 2 - Question Tags, Double Negatives, Relative Clauses

Na primer:

 Elephants, which are large and grey, can sometimes be found in zoos.
 My sister, who lives in Spain, is coming to stay with me next week.
* "who lives in Spain" nije informacija koja je neophodna za funkcionisanje ove odnosne rečenice - to je
samo dodatna informacija.
 My My friend Peter, who went to the same school as me, has just written a novel. (Moj prijatelj Peter,
koji je išao u istu školu kao i ja, upravo je napisao roman.)
 Jim, who/whom we met yesterday, is very nice. (Jim, koga smo sreli juče, je vrlo fin.)
U non-defining clauses, ne možete da koristite "that" umesto "who", "whom" ili "which".
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